高考英语二轮复习 题型攻略篇 专题一 阅读理解 第一讲 科普知识类课件

高考英语二轮专题复习：阅读解题策 略课件( 共33张 PPT)
高考英语二轮专题复习：阅读解题策 略课件( 共33张 PPT)
b. 同位法
❖ They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.
but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后 半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因 此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
高考英语二轮专题复习：阅读解题策 略课件( 共33张 PPT)
高考英语二轮专题复习：阅读解题策 略课件( 共33张 PPT)
思路点拨
解答这类题型最重要的方法是理解含画 线词的这一句，以及上下文或上下句的意 思,无论是猜义题还是指代题，都可从句子 逻辑关系或上下文联系去寻求答案。逻辑 关系有并列关系、因果关系、转折关系、 递进关系、同类关系、解释关系等，因此 要特别注意or, for, so, however, but, otherwise, for example, such as等词。我们 要善于利用这些逻辑关系来推出单词或短 语在特定语境下的特殊含义。
that___. 4）According to the passage, when ( where,
why, how, who, what, which, etc.)___? 5）Which of the following is the correct order
of ____?
高考英语二轮专题复习：阅读解题策 略课件( 共33张 PPT)
5. 推断作者观点态度：题干中常有think of, attitude, opinion等词，我们要善于捕捉描 写环境气氛，表达感情、观点态度和心理 的词句来推断作者的观点态度。

3．常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。
专题 八 │ 专题导读
1．文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感 情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会 出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一 词多义的现象也不多见。
2．句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个 客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多 种语法现象于一体的长句。
专题 八 │ 专题预测
专题预测
(一) From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space, to the setting up of space stations, human beings have been putting great effort into space research. And so far, we have achieved many successes. But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not cease trying to progress.
专题 八 │ 真题再现
( )3. Liquid semiconductor is used to________. A. get rid of the radioactive waste B. test the power of nuclear batteries C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries D. reduce the damage to lattice structure
1. C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU.排除A项；参照第二段The radioisotope(放射性同位素)battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”排除B项；文章无D项内容。参照第三段内容 可推测C项正确。

and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York conducted
the research for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined
wondering why he bothered to study so hard: A classmate had told him that because he
（ D ） What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants. C. It stands quietly D. It sends out certain chemicals.
A. Call 13 16 17
B. Visit .au
C. Ask at the local station D. Check the train sc全国I) To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt
考情分析
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
推理判断题
细节理解题 题型分值比重
主旨大意题难度最大，失 分最多，是阅读拿高分的
关键。
细节理解题占比最大，题
目更简单，得分更容易。
细节理解题
(2019全国I) All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of

Have a try! Guess the main idea of each passage quickly!
Please keep in mind, Practice makes perfect!
Passage1 • Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive. • (30seconds) • • • • • The main idea of this passage is ___ A. serious environment problem B. human life on earth will not survive C. natural resources is running out D. dangerous chemicals
Passage 5 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. (2minute) detail The main idea of this paragraph is that ______. A. Tom had studied at Paris and moved to another detail university. B. Tom became a lawyer after his graduation from detail College. C. Tom was an excellent student at Berlin university. D. Tom received an excellent education.

4、利用主题词（重复出现3次或以上的同一名词或 短语）。
5、利用排除法和内部逻辑（即题目间的关系）。
6、实验文章利用实验目的。
7 、文章主旨和标题要有针对性（反映文章的主要的观点 和情节） 、概括性和全面性，切忌空洞、笼统、片面和断 章取义（如干扰项为一具体事实或细节）。
三）推断题：
推断就是作者没有明确指出，而是要你根据已知事实或已知 情况对未知事实或可能发生的情况或结果进行推理和判断。 形式为：infer/conclude/suggest/imply/see/learn
做法总结:
1) 用题干关键词在原文定位。
2)仔细研读关键词所在句子，在本句或上下文找答案。
3)结合正确项和干扰项特点, 把答案所在句子与选项做 对比，对原句做同义词替换、 正话反说、 语言简化的 选项为正确答案。
4) 题目顺序和文章叙述顺序不一定对应。
2. True or false Questions（细节题）: 命题方式：
（2）变速阅读原文：阅读时有所读有所不读，即 慢读和快读。
慢读：重点句（即主题句、中间段首句、全文末 句）；首末段；
特殊语言现象；有题干关键词的句子。
快读：连续数行并列或同义；作为解释、说明、类 比的例子或细节；所有题目都已定位的剩余部分 （不含考题的句段）；实验文章中的旧观点和实验 过程。
3、带着问题读短文：即先读题，后读短文。
关键词：能够反映题干的中心信息或能体现题干 最大特征的词：如：时间和数字；专有名词 ；实义 名词；抽象名词；典型的形容词和副词；实验文章中 的中心动词（eg, find, discover）.
特殊语言现象：包括因果、比较、数字串、转折和 举例现象, 常常成为固定的考点.
● 因 果 现 象 表 达 方 式 ： since/because/as/for; with/because of/ due to/thanks to / owing to; on the basis of; as a result/consequence (of); lead to/result in/give rise to;when/if 条件句；That’s why…/For this reason(原因 在前面)。

ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
阅读理解常考的4大题型
03 词义猜测题
[例5]A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.
阅读理解常考的4大题型
01 细节理解题
[例1] (2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA. But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders,
【分析】A项指社会运动，原文中未提及，与文章主题不符；
B项指回收的技巧，文章有提及，是文章细节，但范围太窄； C 项 中 environmental problems 是 原 文 第 一 段 第 二 句 中 a problem with it的同义替换，故C项正确； D项指地球日的重要性，虽然在第一段中提及了地球日，但不符合题干 要求。

社会 文化
说明 体裁多样，题 文 材广泛。体裁 说明 以应用文、说 文 明文、记叙文
为主；题材以 议论 社会文化、人 文 物故事、应用
广告为主。
情况 试卷
Ⅰ卷 2017 Ⅱ卷
Ⅲ卷 Ⅰ卷 2016 Ⅱ卷 Ⅲ卷
A篇
旅游 指南
应用 广告
应用 广告
人物 介绍
应用 广告
应用 广告
应用 文
应用 文
应用 文
说明 文
• 优化学习策略，享受阅读快乐。合理安排阅读节奏，重视归纳整 理，回顾反思。总是出错的考点，要深度剖析出错的原因。做错一 道题，汲取一个教训；做对一道题，掌握几个规律。养成良好的阅 读习惯，培养英语学科素养，享受阅读的快乐。
编后语
有的同学听课时容易走神，常常听着听着心思就不知道溜到哪里去了；有的学生，虽然留心听讲，却常常“跟不上步伐”，思维落后在老师的讲解后。这两种情况都 不能达到理想的听课效果。听课最重要的是紧跟老师的思路，否则，教师讲得再好，新知识也无法接受。如何跟上老师饭思路呢？以下的听课方法值得同学们学习：
主旨大意 2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
和推理判 2 14 断 题 为
推理判断 6 7 3 6 5 3 5 5 4 44 主；主旨
大意和词
词义猜测 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 13 义猜测题 为辅
• ●了解干扰项设置，避开设题陷阱 • 以偏概全→使用了外延和内涵比原文小的概念，造成表意范围的 缩小 • 偷换概念→利用与原文相似的表述，在某个考生容易忽视的地方 偷换概念 • 望文生义→利用某个词或者句子的字面意思代替其在语境中的具 体意义 • 无中生有→原文没有相关信息，或者不能从原文推断出 • 张冠李戴→对文章不同的概念、人物或者观点错位拼接 • 夸大其词→对原文信息夸大处理，造成概念外延 • 正反对立→陈述内容或者意义与原文相反

that Mr.Rochester wanted to _________.
A．tell Miss Eyre all his troubles
B．tell Miss Eyre his life experience
C．change Miss Eyre’s opinion of him
D．change his circumstances
Task 4: Give me your choices and explain why.
1. What can we conclude about Mr.Rochester ? A. He was always busy with his work. B. He always bowed and smiled at Miss Eyre. C. His changes of manner always annoyed Miss
Lead-in:
Puzzle
A family went for a picnic by car. In the car there are four people: A, B, C and D. A and B are a couple. C is D's sister. D calls A daddy. ◆What's the relationship between B and C?
同义转述
Passage 2 (晨练9)
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy,
people named J. K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie
Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two

• 2．概括文章/段落大意
12/8/2021
•
(2016·浙江，C片段)
• Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort —the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world—is simply something that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”