必修2定时训练

人教版高中物理必修二《实验题》专项练习题（含答案）1．如图甲所示为验证机械能守恒定律的实验简图，地面以下为较松软的泥土.实验时把一质量为m的铁块举到离地面高为H的地方，让其自由下落，落入泥土中.铁块下面贴有力传感器(质量忽略不计)，可测得泥土中任意深度h处铁块受到的阻力F f，图乙为计算机根据所测数据绘制的拟合图象(横轴表示深度h，单位cm，纵轴表示阻力F f，单位N).分析图象数据，可得出铁块受到的阻力F f与深度h的关系为________(选填“F f＝kh2”、“F f ＝kh3”或“F f＝kh4”).某次实验中，铁块下落深度为h1时停止运动，尝试写出铁块从下落到落地前验证其机械能守恒定律的方程________(比例系数k为已知)2．用落体法验证机械能守恒定律，器材安装如图甲．正确实验操作后打出如图乙所示的紙带．已知打点计时器所用电源频率为f，根据纸带所给数据．（1）打C点时重物的速度为_____；（2）只要验证_____等式成立，即可验证重物由O到C下落过程机械能守恒；（3）某同学选用两个形状相同质量不同的重物a和b进行实验，测得物体运动的速度v和对应下落的高度h ，22v h -图象如图丙所示，由图象可知a 的质量m 1_____b 的质量m 2（选填“大于”或“小于”）．3．在研究重物自由下落过程中机械能守恒的实验中，得到如图所示的一条纸带，该纸带上最初打出的几个点不清楚，纸带上留下的是后面的一些点．算出打下B 、C 两点时，重物速度分别是v B 、v C ，量得B 、C 两点间的距离为h ，那么验证机械能守恒的表达式可写为（____）A ．22CB gh v v =- B ． 221122C B gh v v =- C ．C B v v aT =+D ． 222C B v v gh +=4．图是研究平抛运动的实验装置示意图，桌面上的小球经压缩状态的弹簧弹开后，飞出桌面做平抛运动．撞到带有白纸和复写纸的竖直长木板上，并留下痕迹A ．重复实验，木板依次后退水平距离相同，都为x ，小球撞在木板上，留下痕迹B 、C ，测量A 、B 、C 点到同一点O 的距离y 1、y 2、y 3，其中O 点与小球抛出时圆心位置等高（1）关于此实验，以下说法正确的是_________A ．重复实验时，必须将弹簧压缩到同一位置，再释放小球B ．桌面必须保证严格水平C ．桌面必须尽量光滑，多次重复实验D ．一定会有y 1: y 2: y 3=1: 4: 9（2）利用题目中所给数据，可得到平抛运动的初速度为v 0=_______（已知当地重力加速度为g ）5．用如图甲所示的装置验证机械能守恒定律，若按正确的实验步骤进行，并选出如图乙所示的纸带，回答下列问题：(1)纸带的__________（选填“左”或“右”）端与重物相连。

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共两节)第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

The behaviour of a building's users may be atleast as important as its design when it comes toenergy use，according to new research from the UKEnergy Research Centre (UKERC)．The UK promisesto reduce its carbon emissions(排放) by 80 percent by2050，part of which will be achieved by all newhomes being zero-carbon by 2016.But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions：the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，’explains Katy Janda，a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.’In other words，old habits die hard，even in the best-designed eco-home.Another part of the problem is information.Households and bill-payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits.Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices.Feedback (反馈) facilities，like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use；some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted—whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器)，forexample.Janda argues that education is the key.She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.1．As to energy use，the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.A．zero-carbon homesB．the behaviour of building usersC．sustainable building designD．the reduction of carbon emissions解析：选B。

定时训练(1)Ⅰ.专题特训(动词时态、语态)根据语境用所给动词的适当时态、语态填空。

1. Look at the pride on Tom's face.He ______(seem) to have been praised by the manager just now.解析句意：看汤姆脸上自豪的样子，似乎他刚才受到了经理的表扬。

设空处的seem(似乎)表示现在的情况，故用一般现在时。

本句还可改为：It seems that he was praised by the manager just now.答案seems2．The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ______(give) in his place but，luckily，everything was going on smoothly.解析句意：助理正在替经理举行新闻发布会，这使得经理很担心，但幸运的是，一切正在顺利进行。

根据题干中的was worried及was going可知设空处表示过去正在进行的情况。

答案was giving3．When I got on the bus，I______(realize) I had left my wallet at home.解析句意：当我上了公共汽车的时候，我意识到我把钱包忘在家里了。

题干在陈述过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时。

答案realized4．She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children ________(eat) everything!解析句意：发现冰箱空了她很吃惊，孩子们已经吃光了一切！孩子们吃光冰箱里的东西发生在She was surprised to find...之前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。

答案had eaten5．The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which ______(save) for other purposes.解析句意：工厂用掉了65%的原材料，其余的留作他用。

人教(2019)生物选择性必修二(学案+练习)生态系统的能量流动1．概念：生态系统中能量的输入、传递、转化和散失的过程。

2．过程(1)能量流经生态系统的过程①流经生态系统的总能量：生产者固定的太阳能。

②能量流动渠道：食物链和食物网。

③能量传递形式：有机物中的化学能。

④能量散失途径：各种生物的呼吸作用(代谢过程)。

⑤能量散失形式：热能。

(2)能量流经第二营养级的过程①c代表初级消费者粪便中的能量。

②流入第二营养级(最高营养级除外)的能量的去向d：自身呼吸作用散失。

e：用于生长、发育和繁殖等生命活动的能量。

i：次级消费者摄入。

f：遗体、残骸。

3．能量流动的特点及意义(1)特点①单向流动：只能从一个营养级流向下一个营养级，不可逆转，也不能循环流动。

②逐级递减：两相邻营养级间的能量传递效率一般为10%～20%。

(2)生态金字塔①帮助人们将生物在时间、空间上进行合理配置，增大流入某个生态系统的总能量。

②帮助人们科学规划和设计人工生态系统，使能量得到最有效的利用。

③帮助人们合理地调整生态系统中的能量流动关系，使能量持续高效地流向对人类最有益的部分。

1．生态系统中细菌同化的能量可流向生产者。

(×)2．流经生态系统的总能量是照射在生产者上的太阳能。

(×)3．一种蜣螂专以象粪为食，则该种蜣螂最多能获取大象所同化能量的20%。

(×) 4．能量金字塔和生物量金字塔可以出现倒置现象。

(×)1．能量流动的特点及原因(1)单向流动的原因①能量流动是沿食物链进行的，食物链中各营养级之间的捕食关系是长期自然选择的结果，是不可逆转的。

②各营养级通过呼吸作用所散失的热能不能被生物群落重复利用，因此能量无法循环流动。

(2)逐级递减的原因①各营养级生物都会因呼吸作用消耗大部分能量。

②各营养级的能量都会有一部分流入分解者，还有一部分未被下一营养级生物利用，一般来说，在输入到某一个营养级的能量中，只有10%～20%的能量能够流到下一个营养级。

河北定州中学高二生物定时练必修3 第1-3章综合（二）班级：姓名：学号：一、选择题1．生长素对植物生长的作用具有两重性。

下图中虚线表示对植物生长既不促进也不抑制的浓度。

据此分析下列说法正确的是（）A．该图可表示水平放置的根近地侧生长素浓度的变化B．该图可表示水平放置的茎近地侧生长素浓度的变化C．该图可表示正常放置的胚芽鞘尖端向光侧生长素浓度的变化D．该图可表示去掉顶芽后侧芽处生长素浓度的变化2．如图，一棵植物被纸盒罩住，纸盒在左侧开口，右侧照光。

假如固定幼苗，旋转纸盒；或固定纸盒，旋转幼苗；或将纸盒和幼苗一起旋转。

一段时间后，幼苗的生长状况分别是（）A．向右弯曲生长、向左弯曲生长、直立生长B．向右弯曲生长、直立生长、弯向盒开口方向生长C．直立生长、向右弯曲生长、弯向盒开口方向生长D．向左弯曲生长、直立生长、弯向盒开口方向生长3．在人体内环境中可以发生的生理过程是（）A．抗体与相应的抗原发生特异性的结合B．合成生长激素、胰高血糖素C．O2与血红蛋白结合形成氧合血红蛋白D．食物中的淀粉经消化分解成葡萄糖4．感染赤霉菌而患恶苗病的水稻,要比四周的健康植株高50%以上,由此可推想赤霉菌( )A.能产生赤霉素,促进细胞伸长B.能产生促进植株增高的植物激素C.能产生赤霉素,促进植株发育D.能产生促进植株增高的特殊物质5．下图中a表示某种物质，b表示相关细胞，两者关系描述正确的是（）A．假如a表示胰高血糖素，作用于肌肉细胞b，将导致血糖含量上升B．假如a表示神经递质，b表示神经细胞，此时b会兴奋C．假如a表示抗原分子，b可能是效应B(浆)细胞或记忆B细胞D．假如a表示甲状腺激素，b有可能是下丘脑细胞，也有可能是垂体细胞6．对下列4幅曲线图中a、b两点的有关叙述中，正确的是（）A．图甲中，a、b两点叶绿体内C3含量的变化趋势相反B．图乙中，a、b两点神经纤维膜内外Na+浓度差相等C．图丙中，a、b两点细胞呼吸消耗的葡萄糖速率相等D．图丁中，a、b两点分别表示茎向光弯曲时向光侧和背光侧的生长素浓度7．下列有关细胞结构和功能的叙述不正确的是（）A．能将无机物转化成有机物的生物细胞肯定含有核糖体B．神经细胞轴突末梢形成的突起释放神经递质C．细胞间进行信息沟通时可依靠于细胞膜上的特异性受体D．效应T细胞与癌变细胞亲密接触可导致癌变细胞坏死并裂解8．下列有关物质在生物体内运输的说法中正确的是（）A．动物内不存在O2从细胞集中到内环境的过程B．人体内存在两种内分泌腺互为靶器官的状况C．动物体细胞只能吸取葡萄糖，不能释放葡萄糖D．生长素只能从高浓度一端向低浓度一端运输9．下列过程，不发生在内环境中的生理生化反应是( )①神经递质和激素的合成②抗体和抗原的特异性结合③丙酮酸氧化分解成二氧化碳和水④神经递质和突触后膜受体的作用⑤乳酸与碳酸氢钠作用生成乳酸钠和碳酸⑥蛋白质在消化道中的消化分解A．②④⑤ B．②⑤⑥ C．①③④ D．①③⑥10．关于细胞内物质或结构的转变，下列叙述正确的是（）A、有丝分裂中染色质转变为染色体有利于遗传物质的平均安排B、人体细胞中ATP和ADP的相互转变只能发生在线粒体中C、运动时肌细胞中的糖原转变为葡萄糖以维持血糖水平的稳定D、光合作用和呼吸作用中产生的还原氢都来自水中的氢原子11．下列与病原体有关的叙述，正确的是( )A.抗体可以进入细胞毁灭寄生在其中的结核杆菌B.抗体抵制病毒的机制与溶菌酶杀灭细菌的机制相同C.Rous肉瘤病毒不是致癌因子，与人的细胞癌变无关D.人体感染HIV后的症状与体内该病毒浓度和T细胞数量有关12．如图为神经元结构模式图，电流计A1和A2的两极a、c、d、e分别接在神经纤维外膜上，在b、f两点赐予适宜强度的刺激，则电流计的偏转状况为（）(○代表神经元细胞体，＜代表神经末梢，且ab＝bc、ac＝de)A.在b点与f点刺激时，A1、A2各偏转两次，且方向相反B.在b点刺激时，A1偏转两次，A2偏转一次；f点刺激时，A1不偏转，A2偏转一次C.在b点刺激时，A1不偏转，A2偏转一次；f点刺激时，A1不偏转，A2偏转一次D.在b点刺激时，A1不偏转，A2偏转两次；f点刺激时，A1不偏转，A2偏转一次13．溶菌酶是存在于眼泪和白细胞中的酶，有杀菌功能，整个分子大致呈球形，故称为球蛋白(如右图)。

3.2 信息系统安全与防护2024-2025学年高中信息技术浙教版（2019）必修2学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、选择题1．由于系统设计存在缺陷，造成智能手机崩溃。

这主要属于信息系统安全风险中的（）A．网络因素B．数据因素C．软件因素D．人为因素2．在网络时代，网络系统安全尤为重要。

以下属于保障网络安全的物理措施是（）A．数字认证B．设置密码C．数据加密D．防静电3．以下不属于网络安全防护技术的是（）A．数据加密技术B．防火墙技术C．网页维护技术D．数据备份与灾难恢复技术4．进入信息系统时要求输入用户名和口令，这种信息安全措施属于（）A．加密技术B．安全审计技术C．安全监控技术D．身份认证技术5．以下措施不属于保护信息系统安全的是（）A．安装防火墙B．入侵检测C．文件压缩D．数据加密6．信息系统中存在安全风险的因素有（）①电信诈骗①木马①钓鱼Wi-Fi ①系统漏洞A．①①①B．①①①C．①①①D．①①①①7．计算机病毒是指（）A．人为编制的具有破坏性的程序B．具有逻辑错误的程序C．变异的计算机程序D．存在漏洞的计算机程序8．信息系统安全防范常用技术中，用于防止黑客入侵的技术是（）A．数据还原B．入侵检测C．查毒杀毒D．防火墙9．以下（）会导致网络安全漏洞。

A．没有安装防毒软件、防火墙等B．理者缺乏网络安全知识C．网速不快，常常掉线D．没有严格合理的网络管理制度10．智慧跑道系统利用跑道两侧AI智能识别杆的内置传感器识别人脸、采集运动数据，传输、保存至服务器中，并进行相关数据分析。

注册用户可通过AI识别互动大屏或移动终端等设备查看相关运动数据及个性化运动方案。

下列不属于防止信息系统数据泄露措施的是（）A．对数据进行加密B．为用户设定不同的访问权限C．定时对数据备份D．为该系统设置防火墙11．某智慧体育测试管理系统中，通过智能终端上的RFID读写器识别身份证信息并通过摄像头进行人脸识别核对后，发出语音提示考生进入测试环节。

定时训练(7)Ⅰ.专题特训(形容词与副词)根据语境用所给词的适当形式填空，然后熟读深思。

1．How much ______(good) she looked without her glasses!2．The children loved their day trip，and they enjoyed the horse ride ______(much)．3．Computers and mobile phones，though they are indeed making our life ______(easy) and ______(efficient)，have reduced the need for face－to－face communications.4．Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ______(popular)．5．Mr.Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a ______(good) boss.6．It might have made it a little ______(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn to others for help.7．I left it early because I had an appointment ______(late) that day.8．He must be ______(mental) disabled.9．His teacher took a deep drink，smiled ______(warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.10．We drank together and talked ______(merry) till far into thenight.11．—These oranges are only a dollar.—Well，they are ______(cheap) than others，but they don't look as ______(good)．12．—I think Wood is very stupid.He should have failed such an easy exam!—No.In fact he is ______(lazy) than stupid.13．The boy is excited about the coming music festival and he enjoys pop music ______(much)．14．Of the two digital cameras，I would prefer a ______(small) one，which is very easy for me to carry.15．There is no doubt that I'm trying to do what is best，but ______(equal) I have got to consider the cost.答案 1.better 2.most 3.easier；more efficient 4.more popular 5.better ter8.mentally9．warmly10.merrily11.cheaper；good12.more lazy13．most14.smaller15.equallyⅡ.完形填空体裁：寓言故事话题：人生感悟时间：15分钟Long long ago，in a forest there were thousands of tall and beautiful trees.They were happy，but __1__ of themselves.Among them there was also a(n) __2__ tree whose branches were badlycrooked(弯曲的)．All the trees made __3__ of that ugly tree.“How are you，hunchback(驼背)？” the other trees always __4__ and their laughter made the ugly tree feel __5__．But，he never raised a voice __6__ them.The ugly tree thought，“I wish I were as beautiful as the other trees.__7__ did God do this to me? Neither can I provide __8__ for travellers nor can I have birds make their nests on my branches.__9__ needs m e.”One day，a __10__ came to the forest.He took a look at the trees and said, “These trees are lovely.I must cut them.”As soon as he __11__ his axe the trees became frightened.“Chop! Chop! Chop”went the woodcutter's axe and one by one the trees started to __12__．“None of us is going to be spared，”screamed one of the beautiful trees.Soon that tree was also brought to __13__ by the woodcutter's axe.And then，the woodcutter came near to the ugly tree.He had just raised his axe when he suddenly __14__ how crooked the ugly tree was.“Hmm! This crooked tree seems to be __15__ for me.I cannot make long straight logs of this ugly tree，”he thought，__16__ he moved towards another beautiful tree.The ugly tree sighed with relief.He __17__ that by making him ugly，God had __18__ done him a favour.From that day the ugly tree never __19__．He was happy withhis crooked branches.He never __20__ how he was spared from the woodcutter's axe，only because he was crooked and ugly.【语篇导读】本文是一则寓言故事。

定时训练(16)专题特训(阅读理解——推理判断)Passage 1体裁：说明文话题：健康时间：5分钟Most of us have years of sitting experience，consider ourselves quite good at it.But unfortunately，the sitting can lead to poor circulation and all kinds of aches and pains.We're not using much energy when we're sitting still.A person with a desk job may burn 300 calories a day at work，but that same person might burn 2，300 calories a day in a job that requires considerable physical effort.Sitting at your desk for hours can increase your chances of getting diabetes，heart disease or even an early grave.Every hour of TV that people watch while sitting cuts about 22 minutes from their life span.How can this happen? Not only does sitting decrease calorie burning，but it can prevent the production of lipoprotein lipase(脂肪蛋白酶)，which is essential for turning bad cholesterol(胆固醇)into good.Sitting can also make sugar not easy to change into useful energy.All these are thought to connect with heart disease and diabetes.Is there any hope? A treadmill (跑步机)called active sitting can help people to adjust their gestures of sitting.There are simpler steps to take too—merely increasing the number of steps you take during the day.You can improve your glucose metabolism(葡萄糖代谢) with a two－minute walk every 20 minutes.Many people have done some of their best work while sitting at their desks.But many others have achieved remarkable success while standing up on the job，including Winston Churchill，Charles Dickens，Benjamin Franklin，Ernest Hemingway and Mark Twain.And then there was Einstein，Levine notes: “He was riding a bike when he came up with e＝mc2.”【语篇导读】久坐会导致循环不畅及各类疼痛，同时增加患心脏病和糖尿病的几率。