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2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十一）一：词汇梳理1. novel① /ˈnɔvəl/ n.(长篇)小说2. novel② /ˈnɔvəl/ a.新颖的，新奇的3. omit /əuˈmɪt/ vt.①省略②遗漏,4. forth /fɔːθ/ ad.①向前②向外5. significant /sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt/ a.①重要的②相当数量的③意味深长的6. progressive /prəˈgresɪv/ a.①进步的②逐步发展的7. nurser y /ˈnəːsəri/ n.①托儿所②苗圃8. finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ n.①财政②财务状况③资金vt.为…提供资金9. defect /dɪˈfekt/ n.缺陷，缺点10. conscience /ˈkɔnʃəns/ n.良知，良心11. precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃən/ n.预防措施12. lower① /ˈləuə/ a.①较低的②下游的③下级的13. lower② /ˈləuə/ v.①(使)降下②减少14. estimat e /ˈestɪmɪt/ vt.估计，估算n.①估计②估价15. remark /rɪˈmɑːk/ v.评论vi.评论n.评语16. underground /ˈʌndəgraund/ a.①地(面)下的②秘密的ad.①在地下②秘密地17. ally /ˈælaɪ/ n.①同盟国②同盟者v. (使)结盟18. surround /səˈraund/ vt.围绕，环绕19. proficiency /prəˈfɪʃənsi/ n.熟练，精通20. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ n.影响(力) vt.影响21. defy /dɪˈfaɪ/ vt.①(公然)反抗②挑战22 . token /ˈtəukən/ n.①代金券②标志a.象征性的23. counter① /ˈkauntə/ n.①柜台②计数器③筹码24. counter② /ˈkauntə/ vt.反对ad.相反25. deliberate /dɪˈlɪbərɪt/ vi.仔细考虑a.①慎重的②故意的26. prevail /prɪˈveɪl/ vi.①流行②取胜27 . shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ vi.①收缩②退缩vt.使起皱28. reform /rɪˈfɔːm/ vt./ n.改革，改良29. implement /ˈɪmplɪment/ vt.贯彻n.工具，器具30. sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/ a.足够的，充分的二：短语梳理1 blow up 炸毁充气2 build up 逐渐增强建立3 burn up/down 烧毁burn…….to the ground烧成平地4 burst into tears/laughter 突然大哭/大笑burst out crying/laughing5 be buried in 埋头于6 be busy with sth 忙于be busy （in）doing sth忙于7 feel cast down 感到沮丧8 calm down 冷静下来9 take care of 照顾Care for 喜欢照顾Care about 关心在乎10 in case 以防万一（接从句））in case of sth 以防…….三：阅读训练“You know,the soft subjects,”says the boy in maths,“the easy ones:the stupid girls at the bottom take them.Like dance.It shouldn’t even be a subject.” We’re choosing subjects for our A-level taster day at school.I see the raised eyebrows when I explain two of my GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) choices are dance and drama.I was told by advisers that dance and drama wouldn’t help me to get a suitable career.My friends told me I’d get bored of dance and switch to science within the first month.But taking GCSE dance was the best decision I ever made.Dance gives me something to pour my head and heart into.It gives me a feeling of belonging,creativity,security and freedom.The education secretary Nicky Morgan has put emphasis on science,technology,engineering and maths (STEM),saying that students who focus on the arts risk their careers.Stopping young people from expressing themselves at such a young age is not doing them any favours.Perhaps Nicky Morgan has forgotten to open the door of having a drive to study that subject day in,day out.It shouldn’t matter what that subject is.I don’t doubt the influence that STEM subjects can have on the people that love them.But to force children into one field is cruel.As much as I try,I’m not good at and don’t love physics,biology or maths.I don’t want a career in these areas.There has been a decrease in the number of state schools offering arts subjects taught by specialist teachers.I can’t even imagine how it feels to be told that you don’t teach a “real subject” by an 8-year-old boy.To the teachers,the parents,the government I say:Let children make their own decisions.Let them live in the present.Let them have a real,unlimited education.1.How does the boy in maths feel about dance?eless.B.Difficult.C.Beautiful.D.Important.2.After the author took GCSE dance,she .A.lost interest in itB.kept her mind on itC.turned to other subjectsD.struggled with her lessons3.What do we know about Nicky Morgan?A.She encourages students to learn soft subjects.B.She suggests students take a risk in their careers.C.She underlines the importance of STEM subjects.D.She allows students to express themselves freely.4.What’s the present situation of arts subjects?A.They attract much attention worldwide.B.They are taught by non-professionals.C.They are considered less important.D.They have made great progress.1.A推理判断题。
高考英语历年真题含答案解析1.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.译文. 在漆黑的街道，她没有一个人求助。
A. to whomB. whoC. from whomD. that答案：A。
turn to固定短语，求助于。
2.When he was there, he _____ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.译文. 每当他在那儿的时候，他总是每天下班后到街角的那家咖啡店去。
A. wouldB. shouldC. had betterD. might答案：A。
would 表示过去常常发生的动作。
3.______ the Chinese have been to Beijing.译文. 不是所有的中国人都去过北京。
A. None ofB. AllC. Not allD. No答案：C。
not 与all, every, both等词连用，表示部分否定。
4.——Has any of you reached the Great Wall ?-----__________.译文. --你们中有任何人去过长城吗？ --_________.A. NoneB. NoC. No oneD. Not any答案：A。
没人去过。
一般用代词none表示；no one一般接介词of。
5.You couldn’t have chosen any gift better for me.-______.译文. ——你再不能选出比这更好的礼物了。
——_______.A. Oh，I’d choose a better one for you next time.B. You’ve had a gift for music，haven’t you?C. I’m glad that you like it so much.D. Sorry，but don’t blame me，dear.答案：C。
2021年高考英语全国甲卷基础知识积累与运用答案阅读A篇二．词性转换1. beyond（1）在更远处；（2）在…较远的一边；（3）超过；（4）除…之外2. view（1）观点；（2）视野；（3）观看；（4）看待四．熟词生义translate : 转变；变为翻译：我将读大学时在暗房中学到的经典技术应用到photoshop图像处理软件中，获得了黑白图像。
1. photographers;2. setting六．长难句分析沿着一条穿过森林的小路向当地的高地Shutlingsloe 走去，无意间我来到了一块小空地，随即就注意到在新雪映衬下的枯草的草丛。
walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe 现在分词短语做时间状语，a local high point 同位语指代Shutlingsloe，I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses是句子的主干部分，set against the fresh snow为过去分词短语做定语，修饰the dead yellow grasses. 七．写作积累与练习1. The Speech petition is a desirable annual one for the Senior Three Students who are passionate about English.2. The Calligraphy petition is the perfect platform to show/ showcase the best entries.阅读B篇三．高考真题改编之语法填空1. for;2. that;3. to wele四. 长难句分析这头可爱的雌性小牛是保护区今年出生的第二只黑犀牛，但现在就决定这些幼崽是否会成为返回自然保护区的最佳人选还为时过早。
高考英语历年真题含答案解析1.——Are you feeling _____? ----- Yes, I’m fine now.译文. --你觉得好些了吗？--是的，现在好了。
A. any wellB. any betterC. quite goodD. quite better答案：B。
good 是形容词，表示特征；well是副词，表示身体状态。
2.All the preparations for the task ______, and we’re ready to start.译文. 这项工作的所有准备已经完成，我们准备马上开始。
A. completedB. completeC. had been completeD. have been completed答案：D。
时态题，从后一句话中我们可以判断期那一句应该是现在完成时态。
3.Anne looks _______ in red while green clothes are nice ______Helen.译文. Anne 穿红色的衣服好看；而Helen穿绿色的好看。
A. good; onB. well; inC. good; atD. well; for答案：A。
look good看起来很美，look是系动词。
taste,sound,feel,look,smell 与形容词连用表示某人或某物的一种状态4.He suddenly returned to the small village _____ a rainy morning.译文. 在一个下雨天的早晨他突然回到了这个小村庄。
A. onB. atC. inD. during答案：A。
在一个具体的日期，介词要用on。
5.If I had _____ , I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.译文. 如果我有足够长的假期，我就要欧洲旅行，在所有小的有趣的地方看一看。
高考英语历年真题含答案解析1.We like the oil painting better, ______ we looked at it.译文. 每当我们看到这幅画，我们越喜欢它。
A. asB. whileC. the momentD. the more答案：C。
the moment引导的时间状语从句。
2.——What do you think of the Prime Minister’s address to the nation? --I like________of What he said.译文. --你认为总理的讲话如何？--大部分我都喜欢。
A. moreB. manyC. fewD. much答案：D。
address(讲话)是整体名词，表示整体的一大部分不可数，该用much代替。
3.Whose turn ___ the cleaning?译文. 该谁做清洁了？A. is it doingB. is it to doC. is doingD. is to do答案：B。
句型it is one’s turn to do s th.的特殊疑问句形式。
4.It worried her a bit that her hair ________ grey.译文. 她的头发变白了使她有点焦虑。
A. was turningB. has turnedC. turnsD. will turn答案：A。
主句worried是过去时，从句用was turning表示过去逐渐变得……。
5.The girls in blue are our new classmates.-I know _____.译文. ——穿蓝色衣服女孩是新来的同学。
——我知道。
A. theseB. soC. suchD. that答案：D。
"差一点",用在本题意思不通顺；mostly意为"主要的"；"几乎全部(almost all)",本句意思是"我们班有45名同学,他们大部分对足球感兴趣。
高考英语历年真题含答案解析1.The suit fitted him well ______ the colour was a little brighter.译文. 尽管颜色有点亮，这套衣服很适合她。
A. except forB. except thatC. except whenD. besides答案：A。
在总体肯定的前提下，有那么一点不足，而不影响对总体的评价，该用except for。
2.Money is often _____ to be the most important thing in the west.译文. 在西方金钱被认为是最重要的东西。
A. consideredB. regardedC. thinkingD. suggested答案：A。
consider … to be sth.结构。
3.The library needs ______, but it will have to wait until Sunday.译文. 图书馆需要打扫，但得等到星期天。
A. cleaningB. be cleanedC. cleanD. being cleaned答案：A。
need等词表示需要时后面一般跟懂名词的主动形式表示被动意思。
4.Rather than _____ on a crowded bus, he always perfers _____ a bike.译文. 他总是宁愿骑自行车而不愿挤公共汽车。
A. ride; rideB. riding; rideC. ride; to rideD. to ride; riding答案：C。
prefer to do sth. rather do sth.结构。
5.Gone forever ____ when we used foreign oil.译文. 我们使用"洋油"的时代已一去不复还了。
A. the days areB. the days wereC. are the daysD. were the days答案：C。
专题十一 特殊句式考点1 倒 装部分倒装★★★典例1 "Never for a second," the boy says," I doubt that my father would come to my rescue."考查部分倒装和动词时态。
句意:那个男孩说:"我爸爸会来救我的,对此我片刻也没有怀疑过。
"表示否定意义的词never位于句首,句子要用部分倒装;结合句中的would可知,直接引语中的主句应用一般过去时,因此助动词用did。
did典例2 by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.句意:只有把医生的人数增加50%,该院的病人才能得到合适的治疗。
句中的情态动词can提到了主语之前,由此可知,此句采用了部分倒装结构。
"only+状语"位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,故此处填Only。
Only典例3 —How was the weather then?—Hardly I stepped off the plane when it started to rain.句意:——当时的天气怎么样?——我刚下飞机就开始下雨了。
由题干中的关键词Hardly和when及句意可判断出答语属于Hardly…when…结构,从句用了一般过去时,那么主句要用过去完成时;又因Hardly位于句首,所以主句用部分倒装结构。
had典例4 So difficult I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.在"so…that…"结构中,当"so+形容词/副词"置于句首时,主句采用部分倒装;又因that引导的从句中用一般过去时,所以主句也用一般过去时。
高考英语历年真题含答案解析1.I asked him to _____ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problem.译文. 我请他抽出几分钟的时间，以便我们把所有的问题讨论一下。
A. spendB. saveC. spareD. share答案：C。
spend花费； save节约，拯救；spare抽出时间；share分享。
2.Children in China today have nothing ______.译文. 中国的小孩没有什么可担忧的。
A. to worryB. worriedC. to worry aboutD. worrying about答案：C。
在sb. have sth. to do句型中不定时作定语一是主动的，二必须是及物的。
3.——English examination I would have gone to the concert last Saturday.译文. 要不是英语考试，我就会去听周六音乐会。
A. But forB. As forC. In spite ofD. Because of答案：A。
but for 要不是，用于虚拟语气； as for 至于；in spite of尽管；because of因为。
4.______ on the portrait, mother was deep in thought.译文. 凝视着画像，妈妈沉思着。
A. Fixed her eyesB. Her eyes are fixedC. Her eyes fixingD. With her eyes fixed答案：D。
复合结构作状语表示伴随。
5.If you _____ finished, I’ll start clearing up.译文. 如果你大体上完成了，我就开始整理了。
A. more or less haveB. more and less haveC. have more or lessD. have more and less答案：C。
2021年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第11周动词短语含解析20210924210高考频度：★★★★★难易程度：★★★★☆1.（2021·江苏卷·单项填空）Working with the medical team in Africa has ____________ the best in her as a doctor.A. held outB. brought outC. picked outD. given out【参考答案】B1.（2021·天津卷·单项填空）Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________，get married, and have kids.A. settle downB. keep offC. get upD. cut in【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查动词短语。
依照“…get married, and have kids.”可知是安排下来，然后结婚生子。
settle down安排下来，定居；keep off使躲开，不接近；get up起床，站起来；cut in插嘴，打断别人说话。
句意：布朗夫妇期望看到女儿安排下来，结婚生子。
【应试必备】一、考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。
常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over等。
1.动词＋away构成的短语动词有：throw away扔掉put away把……收拾好give away捐赠，分发carry away运走run away 潜逃，跑开go away 走开2．动词＋for构成的短语动词有：answer for负责provide for供给all for要求plan for打算，为……打算hope for期望，期待ask for索取，查找send for派人去请go for努力猎取pay for偿还，赔偿3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有：try on试穿，试验put on穿上，上演have on穿着，戴着pull on穿，戴hold on不挂断，坚持，连续carry on连续开展，坚持keep on连续go on连续get on上（车）4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有：come over过来hand over移交go over认真检查，复习get over克服，复原look over检查think over认真考虑take over同意，接管hand over 移交turn over翻转5．动词＋up构成的短语动词有：bring up抚育，培养call up呼唤，打给come up走上前来，长出cut up切碎fix up修理give up舍弃；go up 上升，增长grow up 长大look up尊敬，向上看，查寻make up虚构，补偿，组成put up举起，搭建set up建立，创（纪录）pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到send up发射show up 揭露，露面turn up显现，把……调高一点6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有：come out出来go out出去，熄灭look out留神，当心walk out走出set out动身，开始put out扑灭，生产give out发出，发表hand out分发pick out选择find out找出，发觉speak out大声地说turn out生产，结果是get out出去，离开carry out实行，执行work out运算出，解决，实行，行得通bring out出版start out 动身，动身。
2021全国高考汇编之动词+动词短语一（2021安徽卷）26．Terry, please your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.A. look up fromB. look intoC. look back onD. look through【考点】考察动词短语词义辨析【答案】A【解析】动词短语look up 查找，抬头看；look into调查，研究；look back on回忆；回忆；look through 认真检查；看破；句义：T erry，当奶奶和你说话的时候，从电话上抬起头来。
（不老是垂头看电话，这是不礼貌的）依照句义说明A正确。
【触类旁通】Sam _____ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.A. brought upB. looked upC. picked upD. set up〖答案〗C〖考点〗此题考查动词短语意义辨析。
〖解析〗句意应为“山姆只是凭借看他人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。
”表示“学会”用pick up; pick up 另外还有“捡起; 顺车接送,搭载；整理, 整理；从头开始；取得”等义；bring up 表示“抚育, 教育；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示“向上看；(形势)好转, 改善；查阅”；set up表示“成立, 设置；造成, 产生”。
二（2021安徽卷）28．When the sports hero at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.A. turned upB. left offC. moved onD. got away【考点】考察动词短语辨析【答案】A【解析】动词短语turn up显现，调高；leave off停止；move on继续前进；get away离开，脱身，逃掉；句义：当那位体育明星出此刻大会上的时候，他受到无数人的欢迎。
2021高考英语复习之真题重点词汇短语及练习（十一）2015年全国卷I阅读理解B篇重点单词语块1．baskets of perfect red strawberries一篮篮极好的红色草莓2．red-painted [redˈpeɪntɪd] adj. 刷有红漆的3．most of all 最重要的是4．amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes又大又软，圆润红透，令人惊喜的西红柿5．disappointed [ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd] adj. 失望的6．vine-ripened [vaɪˈraɪpənd] adj. 蔓上成熟的7．refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事8．attractive [əˈtræktɪv] ] adj. 诱人的9．get sth. home 把某物买回家10．freezing [ˈfri:zɪŋ] adj. 极冷的11．the freezing Northeast 寒冷的东北地区12．a terribly fun place to spend time this winter一个非常有趣的可以度过冬天的地方13．pack [pæk] vt. 收拾（行李）14．sunshine [ˈsʌnʃaɪn] n. 阳光；日光15．warmth [wɔ:mθ] n. 温暖；暖和16．vitamin [ˈvɪtəmɪn] n. 维生素17．leave for the land of warmth and vitamin C前往充满温暖和维生素C的地方18．orange trees 橘子树19．touch down 降落；着陆20．prayer [preə(r)] n. 祷告，祈祷21．gratefulness [ˈgreɪtflnəs] n. 感激，感恩22．send up a small prayer of gratefulness做一个小小的感恩祈祷23．swimming pools 游泳池24．wine tasting 品酒25．pink sunsets 粉红色的落日26．at normal evening hours在平常的傍晚时分27．particularly to one’s taste特别适合某人的胃口28．dull [dʌl] vt. 变迟钝29．cold-weather root vegetables寒冬根茎蔬菜30．adventure to the farmers’ market去农贸市场的奇遇31．prove to be more than worth the early wake-up call结果证明被早早叫醒是很值得的32．found [faʊnd] vt. 创建33．set up tents 搭建帐篷34．rain or shine 不论是雨或是晴35．unfailingly [ʌnˈfeɪlɪŋli] adj. 可靠；一贯；永久36．tasteless [ˈteɪstləs] adj. 无味的；不可口的37．home in (on ...) 走向38．uncertainty [ʌnˈsɜ:tnti]n. 不确定；犹疑39．stand [stænd] n. 货摊40．the size of one’s fist 某人拳头般大小41．the real deal 货真价实的买卖42．back home in New York在纽约的家中43．in sight 被看到44．deepen [ˈdi:pən] vi. 加深，变强烈45．one of the suppliers for某某的供应商之一46．a newly opened restaurant新开的一家餐厅47．luckily for sb. 算某人幸运48．plan to have dinner 计划吃晚餐49．me nu [ˈmenju:] n. 菜单50．order [ˈɔ:də(r)] vt. 点餐；点单课后练习（一）The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer ofgratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part- particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m, rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries, the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard,and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’sGrove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where- luckily for me- I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.1. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?A. Exciting.B. Boring.C. Relaxing.D. Annoying.2. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile?A. Having a swim.B. Breathing in fresh air.C. Walking in the morning sun.D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.3. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?A. They are soft.B. They look nice.C. They taste great.D. They are juicy.4. What was the author going to that evening?A. Go to a farm.B. Check into a hotel.C. Eat in a restaurant.D. Buy fresh vegetables.参考答案：BD BA课后练习（二）The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.1.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Increased length of green lights.B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.C.Flexible timing of traffic signals.D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.2.What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?A.They work better on broad roads.B.They should be used in other cities.C.They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.D.They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.3.What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?A.It is rewarding to try new things.B.The old methods still work today.C.I pays to put theory into practice.D.The simplest way is the best way.参考答案：CDA。
