微小型发动机燃烧室性能研究

北京航空航天大学硕士学位论文

1摘要

本文主要研究了推力23kg的微小型喷气发动机燃烧室的综合燃烧性能，包括微小型

喷气发动机燃烧室的燃烧组织、蒸发管的雾化和蒸发性能、以及燃烧室出口温度分布三

个方面的内容。主要研究了Г型蒸发管配合多股小射流的燃烧组织和T型蒸发管配合单

涡结构的燃烧组织这两种结构方案的燃烧室。在不同气油比、进口空气流速、进口空气

温度以及管壁温度条件下，研究了Г型和T型两种蒸发管的蒸发率；并且在不同油气比

和进口温度下，对燃烧室的贫油熄火、燃烧效率和燃烧室出口温度分布进行了试验研究。

研究表明：T型蒸发管配合单涡结构燃烧组织方案的燃烧室在贫油熄火、燃烧效率

上，相对优于Г型蒸发管配合多股小射流燃烧组织方案的燃烧室。T型蒸发管燃烧室出

口温度分布试验结果表明：T型蒸发管燃烧室具有很好的出口温度分布品质，OTDF为

0.244，小于0.3；RTDF为0.018，小于0.12，完全满足出口涡轮导向叶片对温度均匀性

的要求。蒸发管蒸发率的试验结果表明：影响蒸发管蒸发率的最主要因素是温度，包括

蒸发管管壁温度和进口空气温度，其次则是气液比和空气流速。

经过对微发燃烧室性能方面的基础研究和综合燃烧性能研究，成功研制了一个适合

23kg推力的微小型发动机燃烧室。

关键词：微小型发动机，燃烧室，蒸发管，出口温度分布，蒸发率

ABSTRACT

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ABSTRACT

This thesis was investigated the comprehensive performances of a micro-engine

combustor with 23kg thrust, which included combustor scheme, atomization and evaporation

of vaporizer and combustor exit temperature distribution. There are two combustor type, the

first type is the Γ type vaporizer with multiple injection and the second one is the T type

vaporizer with single vortex.

The evaporation rate of Γ and T type vaporizer was experimentally studied under

different air fuel ratio, air inlet velocity, air inlet temperature and vaporizer wall temperature.

The lean blow out, combustion efficiency and combustor exit temperature distribution were

experimentally studied under different air fuel ratio and increased air inlet temperature.

The experiment results indicated that the performances of the T type vaporizer with

single vortex combustor were better than that of the Γ type vaporizer with multiple injection

combustor. The performances in this thesis included the lean blow out, combustion efficiency

and combustor exit temperature distribution. Especially in the combustor exit temperature

distribution experiment, the results indicated that the T type vaporizer with single vortex

combustor presented the high exit temperature distribution quality, the OTDF is 0.244, which

is less than the design value 0.3, and the RTDF is 0.018, which is less than the design value

0.12. The combustor exit temperature distribution was thorough satisfied the requirement of

the turbine guide vane.

The evaporation rate experiment results indicated that the primary factors influenced the

evaporation rate were vaporizer wall temperature and inlet air temperature; the secondary

factors were the air fuel ratio and air inlet velocity.

A combustor applied in the 23kg thrust micro-engine was successfully developed by the

extensive investigations regarding to the fundamental and combustion performance reseaches.

Keywords: Micro-Engine, vaporizer, vaporization rate, combustor 北京航空航天大学硕士学位论文

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目 录

第一章 绪论.......................................................1

1.1

研究工作的背景及意义..............................................................................1

1.2

国内外研究综述..........................................................................................4

1.3

本文的主要研究内容..................................................................................6

第二章 微小型航空发动机燃烧室方案设计.............................7

2.1

微小型航空发动机工作与起动参数........................................................8

2.2

23

DAN微小型航空发动机燃烧室方案......................................................8

第三章 燃烧室数值流场的模拟及分析................................11

3.1

“Г”型蒸发管燃烧室的冷态流场计算..............................................11

3.2

“T”型蒸发管燃烧室的冷态流场计算....................................................14

第四章 蒸发管蒸发率的试验研究....................................16

4.1

试验方法..................................................................................................16

4.2

“Г”型蒸发管........................................................................................18

4.2.1 试验系统..........................................................................................................18

4.2.2结果与分析.........................................................................................................20

4.2.3总结.....................................................................................................................23

4.3

“T”型蒸发管............................................................................................24

4.3.1 试验系统.......................................................................................................25

4.3.2 试验结果及分析...........................................................................................26

4.3.4 小结...............................................................................................................30

4.4

“Г”型和“T”型蒸发管的比较..................................................................31

第五章 燃烧室综合性能试验研究.....................................33

5.1

课题实验研究内容..................................................................................33