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3.11定语从句定语从句定语从句总体逻辑图基本概念定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词(先行词)后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。
通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。
先行词定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
引导词定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who,whom, whose, that, which，as等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。
关系词在定语从句中作的句子成分：1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。
例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。
“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom the+名词”。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
中考英语定语从句试题(有答案和解析)一、定语从句1．When Robinson got to the island，the first thing _________he did was to look for some food．A．who B．which C．that D．What【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：当鲁滨逊•克鲁索到达岛上时，他做的第一件事就是寻找一些食物。
本题考查定语从句。
先行词指物且被序数词first修饰，故只能选用关系词that。
因此C项正确。
考点：考查定语从句。
2．Linda will never forget the words her father told her.A．that B．who C．where D．what【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：Linda将永远不会忘记她父亲告诉她的这些话。
that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词可以为人或物；who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人；where是关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；what什么，常引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句。
根据句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，修饰空前的the words，指物，且在从句中作宾语，故应选A。
3．Ant Forest is a popular mobile app_____ allows people to plant real trees in the desert by collecting “green energy points’’.A．what B．who C．whom D．which【答案】D【解析】【详解】蚂蚁森林是一款允许人们通过收集绿色能量在沙漠里种植真的树木的流行的手机应用软件。
考查定语从句。
本句为定语从句，先行词是a popular mobile app指物，关系词用which，故选D。
4．This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.A．which B．what C．whose D．whom【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：这是那本母亲给我作为生日礼物的字典。
语法专题十五、定语从句考点精讲1.概念理解定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，又称形容词性从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句在先行词后面，但二者并不一定紧挨着。
关系词（引导词）：连接先行词和从句的词叫引导词，也可叫关系词或连接词。
连接词有that，who，which 等。
I like the movie that/which is funny.先行词引导词I like the singer who is beautiful.先行词引导词【特别注意】先行词和引导词是等量关系①引导词（关系词）在定语从句中充当成分，代替先行词，意思就是先行词的意义。
所以，在定语从句中不能重复其意。
✧正There are many places that we can visit in China.✧误There are many places that we can visit them in China.②先行词在从句中做主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词单复数形式由先行词决定。
This is the place that is famous for pandas.John reads books which are fun.2.如何把两个简单句合并成一个含定语从句的复合句✧He is the thief. 他是那个小偷。
✧The thief stole my wallet. 那个小偷偷了我的钱包。
（两个简单句）✧He is the thief who/ that stole my wallet.他是那个偷了我钱包的小偷。
（一个复合句）通过观察，我们可以总结出以下合并规律：（1）把两个简单句合在一起。
He is the thief The thief stole my wallet.（2）合并同类项，去掉一个多余的。
He is the thief stole my wallet.（3）根据先行词来选择引导词来代替这个多余项。
2019年高中英语语法填空专题分类训练--定语从句（含详解）1.Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.2.The Science Museum,__________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London's tourist attractions.3.He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of__________were published in the 1990s.4.Felicity Killer, a 32-year-old British woman, __________ has a Chinese husband, still remembers the excitement when she first learnt to use the “Red Packet” function on WeChat in 2015.5.We shouldn’t spend our mo ney testing so many people, most of__________are healthy.6.In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one__________ they can earn money to support themselves.7.Do you still remember those occasions__________we walked and talked in the park?8.Whatever is left may be put into the refrigerator,_________it can keep for two or three weeks.9.__________is known to us all,he has a gift for music.10.My eldest son, __________work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.11.The old man remembered the very day__________he met the country’s president.12.The books on the desk,__________covers are shiny, are prizes for us.13.He met my brother, from __________he got the news of my marriage.14.I can still recall the day__________ I sat on the stairs of a temple in Nepal. The square in front of the temple became very muddy as a result of the rain.15.No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster,__________ helped me out simply by listening and hugging.16.Everything__________ is about a person can help us to know him,from his appearance to the kind of food he eats.17.Mencius believed that the reason__________man is different from animals is that man is good.18.The humans are destroying nature day by day,__________, of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.19.Many young people, most of__________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.20.He wrote a lot of novels, many of__________were translated into foreign languages.21.The thought of going back home was all__________kept him happy while he was working abroad.22.Although he had little formal education, Carnegie grew up in afamily__________ members believed in the importance of learning.23.He is now reading a book about a scientist,__________he dreams to be.s Vegas has many wonderful restaurants__________ you can enjoy many different kinds of food.25.If we are not careful,then,we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined,super intelligent machines__________objectives conflict with our own,with the real world as the chessboard.26.All the neighbors admire this family,__________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.27.She is very patient,__________is shown in her work.28The old temple roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.29.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for herstudents allows them to communicate freely with each other.参考答案答案：that/which解析：句意:可能你有一个令你的家人发疯的习惯。
第十讲定语从句定语从句是中考考的重点，备考焦点主要集中在以下几个方面：①正确使用关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose, as)和关系副词(when, where, why)①介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句①that不能引导非限制性定语从句考点1概念A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.先行词主语谓语宾语1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。
This is the place which is worth visiting.(一个词)这是值得参观的地方。
Many life’s problems which were solved by asking family members，friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.(一个短语)许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。
I took an old man to hospital in a taxi immediately，which was why I was late that morning.(一个完整的句子)我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。
2．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。
Beijing，which is the capital city of China，is a very beautiful city.↓代指Beijing，在从句中作主语1.关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。
人教版中考英语专项训练定语从句练习一、定语从句1．The movie ____ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.A．who B．which C．where D．when【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：我看过两次的电影是《流浪地球》。
A. who谁，指人的引导词；B. which哪一个，指物的引导词；C. where哪里，指地点；D. when什么时间，指时间。
本题考查定语从句。
先行词是The movie，因此引导词用which。
故选B。
2．They want to develop a kind of dog-friendly food _________ will help dog owners cool down their pets.A．who B．what C．which D．whether【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。
句意“他们想研制一种对狗有好处的狗粮，这种狗粮会帮助狗的主人安定他们的宠物。
”先行词food指物，排除who；what不能引导定语从句；which指物。
故选C。
3．﹣Look！This is the photo I took in Beijing World Gardening Expo（世界园艺博览会）in 2019．﹣Wow，so great！A．what B．who C．where D．that【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：—看！这是我2019年在北京世界园艺博览会拍的照片。
考查定语从句的关系代词，what不用在定语从句中，who先行词为人，在从句中作主语或者宾语，where先行词为地点，在从句中作状语，that先行词为人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语，the photo为先行词，从句中缺宾语，句意理解为﹣﹣看！这是我2019年在北京世界园艺博览会上拍的照片．﹣﹣哇，很不错．故选D。
4． The dog _______ played with you just now is _______.A．which; mine B．which; myC．what; mine D．what; my【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：刚才和你一起玩的那条狗是我的。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编专题19 短文填空考点2选词填空Passage 1（2019 •四川省自贡市）将下列单词的适当形式填入空格．每空限填一词，每词只能用一次．continue make place careful whosame stop before good somethingA man named Bill once visited a temple that was still being built．He saw a sculptor （雕刻家）（1） a sculpture．As he watched the man work on the sculpture，he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby．He felt strange and asked the sculptor，"Why are you creating two （2）sculptures？Do you need two to put in different （3）?""No．" the man said without looking up，"We need only one，but the first one became damaged（损害）（4）I could finish it，so I' m working on a new one．"Bill picked up the damaged sculpture and examined it （5）．But he couldn't find （6）wrong with it．"Where is the damage？" he asked．"There is a scratch （划痕）on the sculpture's nose " the sculptor said while （7）his work．Bill then asked "Where are you going to place the sculpture？"The sculptor replied that it would be placed on a platform which is 20 feet in height．" If the sculpture is up that high，（8）is going to notice that there is a scratch on the nose？" Bill asked．The sculptor（9）his work，looking up at the man and said，" I will know it．"The sculptor chose a high standard of excellence in his work．Even if other people didn't notice it，it mattered to him that his work should be of the （10）quality（质量）．This is an attitude we should work hard to have．【答案与解析】【文章大意】这是一篇选词填空，主要介绍了一个雕刻家对待工作一丝不苟的故事，通过这个故事告诉我们应该有的工作态度．（1）making 考查动名词，see sb doing看见某人正在做某事，make a sculpture雕刻，故答案为making．（2）same 考查形容词，根据上文As he watched the man work on the sculpture，he noticed that there was asimilar sculpture lying nearby．当他观看那个人雕刻时，他注意到旁边放着一个相似的雕像，因此判断本句的意思是你为什么要雕刻两个相同的雕塑．故答案为same．（3）places 考查可数名词复数，different不同的，后跟可数名词复数，结合语境，你为什么雕刻两个相同的雕塑，你需要把它们放在不同的地方吗？故答案为places．（4）before 考查时间副词，结合语境，我们只需要一个，但是在我完成第一个之前它已经被损害了．判断是完成之前，故答案为before．（5）carefully 考查副词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题．examine为实意动词，用副词修饰，故答案为carefully．（6）anything 考查不定代词，couldn't 否定词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题．否定句中不定代词用anything．故答案为anything．（7）continuing 考查动名词，while后动词用﹣ing形式，结合语境，"雕塑的脖子上有一道划痕"雕刻家边说边继续工作．故答案为continuing．（8）who 考查疑问代词，结合语境，如果雕塑放那么高的话，谁会注意到它的脖子上有一道划痕．故答案为who．（9）stopped 考查动词，本文谓语动词用过去式，判断时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，结合语境，雕刻家停下他的工作，看着那个男人说："我会知道．"故答案为stopped．（10）best 考查形容词最高级，quality为名词，前用形容词，the后形容词用最高级，结合语境，即使别人没有注意到，他的作品应该保持最好的质量对他来说很重要．故答案为best．Passage 2（2019 •湖北省孝感市）阅读短文, 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空, 使短文通顺、连贯。
2019-2020年中考英语专题复习：定语从句 【定语从句命题】 根据对定语从句部分中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为： 1． 定语从句的功用和结构 2． 关系代词和关系副词的功用 3． 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 【考点诠释】 一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句 1．通常只能用that的情况 1）当先行词是不定代词a11，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing，everything等时。 2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11，any，every，each，few，little，no，some， the only．the very．the last等修饰时。 3）如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词that。 【考例】Without friendship, one can't be happy although he is rich enough. As for me, I will never forget the days __ I spent with my dearest friend. [哈尔滨市] A. that B. when C. who 2．通常只用which的情况 (1)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。 (2)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which，不用that。 (3)如果句中有两个定语从句，如果两个从句都可以用that引导，那么其中一个应改用which引导。 【考例】Many young people love the songs _________have great lyrics. [成都市] A. who B. those C. which 二、考查以who，whom与whose引导的定语从句 (1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody，one，ones，those，all(指人)等作先行词，作主语用who，作宾语用whom。who而不用which。 (2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who，作宾语用whom，who。 (3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose，它相当于the+名词+of +which／whom；非限制性定语从句中还有 “代词／数词+of +which／whom"结构。 【考例The man _________ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. [广东省] A. who B. whose C. which D. whom --Do you know the man __is running along the street? --Yes. He is our English teacher. [长沙市] A. who B. which C. whom 三、考查关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句 它们相当于“介词+which"，其中where=in／at +which；when=at／in／during +which；why=for +which。 (1)关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。 （2）关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。 (3)关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必 须是表示原因的名词。 【考例】 (绵阳中考)Disney is an amusement park you can find a11 the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters． A．which B．where C．that D ．when 五、对“介词+关系代词”的考查 当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”，指人则用“介词+whom"，且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。 【考例】Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking? (湖北黄石) A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which 【语法回顾】 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）或关系副词(when, where)，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。 关系代词、副词 作用 先行词 例句 that， who， whom(只做宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who／that is standing under a tree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?
that，which 主语、宾 语、表语 物、时 间、地 点、原 因 She got a computer which／that her parents bought for her． 她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。
whose 定语 人物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard．他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。 The classroom whose window is open is mine．窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。 when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing．我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works．这就是我妈妈 工作的学校。 why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?
二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)： 1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 This is the pen that you are looking for. 这是你要找的那支钢笔。(宾语) The girl that has long hair is my sister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。（主语） 2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津产的自行车销售很好。（主语） The fish which we bought were not fresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。(宾语) 3．who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗户的男孩叫Tom. （主语） The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语) 4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人) He lives in a house whose widows open to the south.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子。(指物) 三、只用which不用that的情况： 1．在介词后只用which，不能用that。 This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。 2．先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that。 The clock is that which tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。 四、只用that不用which的情况： 1．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。 This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我所见过的最美丽的山。 2．先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。 The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。 3. 先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修饰词时只能用that。 Here are all the books that I have. 这就是我所有的书。 This is the only book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。 4．先行词是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代词时，只能用that。 Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。 5．先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用that。 I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。 6．先行词是the one时，只能用that。 This is the one that you want. 这就是你想要的。 7．在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that。 Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那边的那个女孩是谁？ 五、在介词后只能用whom，不能用who。 The girl to whom I talked just now is from America. 我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的。 六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题： 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。
