下载文档原格式
中考英语专题-定语从句知识归纳+随堂练习中考英语专题讲解-《定语从句》【相关概念】1. 功能：在句中作定语，相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词。
2. 位置：放在被修饰名词之后。
3. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词为先行词。
（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some, any, every,no与body, thing ,one的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
（2）先行词与关系词是对等关系。
必须注意两点：①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词决定。
He is the person who was praised by captain yesterday.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
They are the persons who the captain praised yesterday.4. 关系词：引导定语从句的词都叫关系词。
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词：when, where, why。
【关系词的确定】1. 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which。
（1）先行词被形容词最高级，序数词，数词几种词修饰或被only，any，few，little，no，all，one of等修饰时。
（2）先行词为all，much，little，none，few，one，something，anything等不定代词时。
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
He often recalls the persons and things that he experienced in university.（4）先行词在主句中作表语或关系词在从句中作表语时。
The school is no longer the one that was 3 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。
2020年中考英语定语从句知识点整理总结（名师总结必考知识点，值得下载背诵）对于很多初中学生来说，是一个难点。
大部分成绩中上的同学（96+/120）题目会做，但是你让他在作文中应用定语从句还是有一定难度。
如果无法掌握透彻定语从句，也不用担心，毕竟中考直接考察定语从句的分值还是比较小的。
思维导图：一、基本概念1.定语：修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的句子成分。
比如：a handsome boy, 那么我们这边的handsome 就是用来修饰名词boy的，所以handsome这个词是定语记忆：定语是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。
也就是定语它只围绕着名词或代词转。
2.定语从句（relative clause)：修饰名词或代词的句子（用一个句子来充当定语）。
比如：He is a boy who is handsome.这边的who is handsome 就是定语从句，当然这个句子没有任何意义，如果出现写作中，我们会认为这是一个凑数的定语从句，像这样的简单表达我们直接用handsome形容词做定语即可（可能学生在写作中会写出这样完全没有营养的定语从句）。
I used to live in the house which was surrounded by flowers and birds. 像这样的句子就一个简单的句子来表示，所以我们会认为这是一个恰当好处的定语从句。
注意：到了系统的学了非谓语动词之后，这个句子也可以用一个简单句表示I used to live in the house surrounded by flowers and birds.这里就是用非谓语动词（过去分词）做定语。
3.先行词被修饰的词比如上文中的boy/house注意：定语从句中的先行词一般是名词/代词（大家在记单词的时候，最好也记下单词的词性）4.关系词（引导词）引出定语从句的词如：上文中的who/which那么定语从句中，最重要的就是掌握关系词的用法二、关系词1.关系代词(代表先行词，在从句中作一定的成分）在把握具体关系代词用法时，首先了解定语从句中的主语和宾语I used to live in the house which was surrounded by flowers and birds.I used to live in the house which my grandfather had lived in.这两个句子中的先行词都是house，但是他们在定语从句中充当的成分是不一样的。
一、限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。
非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。
在形式上，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。
Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present. 最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝，它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。
二、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。
That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已被传得沸沸扬扬。
三、除which外，还可用when，where，who，whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。
After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。
【注意】that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
四、在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。
as和which的区别as/which在句末，若有否定as错；句首只能用as，还有认知猜想词；固定结构用as, the same/such/so/as；so/such...that宾不离，so/such...as...宾要弃。
一、同义句转换。
（每空一词）1. He is a good comrade with whom you can work.He is a good comrade ______________ ______________ ______________.2. The meeting, which was held in the park, was attended by 1,000 people.The meeting was attended by 1,000 people, ______________ ______________ was held in the park.3. I don’t like the boy, since he is very lazy.I don’t like the boy, ______________ is very lazy.4. Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods and people are still suffering from its effects.Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, ______________ ______________ effects people are still suffering.5. Small computers need small amount of power. That means you use less electricity.Small computers need small amount of power, ______________ means you use less electricity.二、单项选择。
重难点05 定语从句【命题趋势】定语从句是中学英语语法中的重点内容，也是中考中常考查的一个考点。
定语从句，顾名思义，就是在整个句子中充当定语的句子，他的作用就是用来修饰和限定名词的。
【满分技巧】1. 在解题过程中，首先要正确判断是不是定语从句，若是疑问句要将其恢复为陈述句，尤其注意标点符号、和是否已有并列连词(如but, and)和从属连词如(if, when)，还要注意是否是强调结构。
2. 在确定是定语从句后，就要找准先行词，看它是指人还是指物，是时间还是地点。
3. 要弄清先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，再根据关系词各自的用法特点去确定恰当的关系词。
【易错点】引导定语从句的关系代词有：that（指人或物），which（指物），who（指人）。
指人时可用that或who，指物时可用that或which，但有时只能用that不能用which。
常见的情况有下列四种：1. 当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。
2. 当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
3. 当先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。
4. 当先行词既有人又有物时，用that不用which。
【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）定语从句难度：★★建议用时：30分1. 【2019 • 黑龙江省大庆市】The book __________ I read last night was fantastic.A. thatB. whatC. whoseD. who【答案】A【解析】句意：我昨晚读的那本书真是太棒了。
此句考查定语从句的关系词。
A. that先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B. what不能引导定语从句；C. whose先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语；D. who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。
本句的先行词book指物，用that来引导，故答案为A。
从句类1. --- Could you tell them ?--- Of course, she lives in Shanghai Road.A. where Lily livesB. Where Lily lived【解析】答案为A。
易错选B，学生一看到could，就认为应该选过去时lived。
但此题中的could表示委婉语气，并不表示过去式。
故用一般现在时。
如---Could you help me?—Yes,I can.2. I didn't buy the dictionary yesterday my aunt would give me one.A. untilB. because【解析】答案为B。
易错选A，学生只是根据固定搭配not…until来选择，而没有去理解该句的意思。
句意为因为姑姑要给我买一本，所以我不买了，是因果关系，不是时间关系。
3. I didn't understand ，so I raised my hand to ask...A. what my teacher saysB. what my teacher said【解析】答案为B。
本题为宾语从句，由于需要用陈述语序,另外，主句时态为一般过去时，则从句也要用对应的过去时态，故还可排除A。
4. I didn’t buy the dictionary yesterday my aunt would give me one.A. UntilB. Because【解析】答案为B。
选择A的同学要注意语境。
不要习惯性的见到not 就选择until。
5. I’m going to look for another job the company offers me more money.A. AfterB. Unless【解析】答案为B。
选择其它三项的同学要注意语境, 这里是指除非公司给我更多工资,否则我就要找其它工作。
2020年中考英语定语从句语法复习【名师精选全国真题，值得下载练习】定语从句1、关系代词/ 关系副词的选择。
2、只用that不用which的情况。
3.只用which不用that的情况。
一、定语。
1、定义：定语可翻译为“....的”，主要用来修饰名词（和代词）。
2、分类。
前置定语：定语放在名词前定语后置定语：定语放在名词后3、可充当定语的东西。
①、形容词。
例： a red pen / a tall girl1、简单名词。
例：an apple tree②、名词。
例：an apple tree two apple trees2、sports 例：a sports shoetwo sports shoes3、man/woman 例：one man shoetwo men shoes③、介词短语。
例： a house with a big gardenthe girl in redthe people in Beijing④、动词的过去分词。
例：I have a book written by Luxun.(表被动)比较：The book is written by Luxun.练习:(1)There is a boy _____ (call) Lilei.(2)There is no time ________ (leave).⑤、形容词短语。
例：I have a bottle full of water.⑥、句子。
例：I know the girl who is beautiful.二、定语从句。
1、结构：名词+ 句子（用来修饰前面的名词）I know the girl / who is beautiful.名词句子2、关系代词的选择。
（1）、先行词：被修饰的名词（或代词）专业术语（2）、关系代词：that、which、who、whom、whose例：1）、I know the man who writes many books.2)、She lived in the house which is in front of the school.代替前面先行词的意思；先行词是什么意思，关系代词就是什么意思。
中考定语从句知识点总结一、定语从句的概念定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，通常用来说明这个名词或代词的特征、性质、身份、情况等。
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要知识点，也是中考语法中的重点内容之一。
二、定语从句的分类1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that 等。
例如：This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这就是我昨天买的书。
）2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词有：when, where, why 等。
例如：Do you still remember the day when we first met?（你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？）三、定语从句的结构关系代词引导的定语从句结构为：关系代词+谓语+其他成分。
例如：The man who is talking with my father is a famous writer.（和我父亲在谈话的那个人是一位著名的作家。
）关系副词引导的定语从句结构为：关系副词+谓语+其他成分。
例如：This is the place where we used to play when we were children.（这就是我们小时候经常玩耍的地方。
）四、定语从句的用法1. 修饰名词或代词定语从句常常用来修饰名词或代词，说明其特征、性质、身份等。
例如：The girl who wears a red dress is my sister.（穿红裙子的那个女孩是我姐姐。
）2. 引导并且限制先行词定语从句常常用来引导并且限制先行词的范围，使其具有特定的指代含义。
例如：I like the book that you lent me.（我喜欢你借给我的那本书。
）3. 用来说明特定情况定语从句还常常用来说明特定情况，以便更准确地描述或说明特定的情况。
例如：Do you know the reason why she left?（你知道她离开的原因吗？）五、定语从句的语法操练1. 先行词定语从句一般都有一个先行词，先行词前后所在的句子中都不可缺少，主要是为了给定语从句找到位置做准备。
备战2020中考英语专项练习定语从句观察下列一组句子：I know the most beautiful girl.I know the girl who is the most beautiful.【句子成分分析】I know the girl who is the most beautiful.the girl:who:is…class:一、定义在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词叫先行词。
定语从句放在先行词之后。
I like music that I can dance to.先行词（物）↘引导词She is a girl ( who has long hair.)先行词（人）↘引导词二、引导词定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词when，where，why等引出。
【例1】 ---- Do you know Mo Yan?------ Of course. He is the famous writer ______won the Nobel Prize in 2012.A．who B．whom C．which D. whereIs he the man who wants to see you？他是想见你的那个人吗？He is the man who/whom I saw yesterday. 他是昨天我看到的那个人。
从句中缺少宾语，引导词可用who或whom，如：Is this the man with ______ you went to the zoo yesterday?A. whoB. whomC. whichHe is a man _______ we can learn.A. whomB. from whichC. from whom先行词是人，且介词提前用whom【练一练】He is a boy（______ is confident.）(The boy is confident.)主语He is the teacher for _____ you are waiting.(介词提前)He is the teacher ( ______ you are waiting for.)(You are waiting for the teacher)宾语A. whoB. whomC. whose先行词是人：①引导词在句中作主语，引导词用who②引导词在句中作宾语，引导词用whom【解题关键步骤】1. 确定主句和从句2. 从句缺少的是主语还是宾语3. 判断先行词是指人还是指物【练一练】1. Is this the man ______ you talk to yesterday?A. whoB. whatC. which2. He is the man _______ teaches us English.A. whoB. from whichC. which【例2】 Please pass me the cartoon book ______has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.A．whom B．whose C．who D．which解析：先行词是book，指物，因此关系词用which.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
中考英语一轮复习定语从句考点聚焦精讲及练习（含解析）1.定语从句的定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.定语从句的先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间状语，地点状语，原因状语。
3.定语从句的关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句。
2.代替先行词。
3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
4.定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
5.关系代词引导的定语从句The woman who visited our factory yesterday is an Australian friend.昨天参观我们工厂的女士是一位澳大利亚朋友。
1.This is the student who I met yesterday.这是我昨天见到的那个学生。
2.Who’s that man(whom)you just talked to?刚才与你谈话的那个男人是谁？3.The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.你刚刚遇见的那个人是我的朋友。
1.The shoe shop is a shop which sells shoes.鞋店是销售鞋的商店。
2.The book(which)I read last night was wonderful.我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾1.She is one of the students that works very hard.她是最用功的学生中的一个。
2.A library is a place that people like very much.图书馆是一个人们非常喜欢的地方。
【英语】中考必刷题英语定语从句题含解析一、定语从句1．Teenagers like reading the books ________ are written by Guo Jingming.A．who B．what C．whose D．that【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】试题分析：句意：青少年喜欢读郭敬明写的书。
who先行词是人； what 不能引导定语从句；whose 先行词是人或物，作定语； that先行词是人或物。
此句先行词books表示物，关系代词该用that，所以选D。
2．—Who was the student ____ was absent yesterday?—Mary was.A．that B．who C．whom D．which【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——昨天旷课的那名学生是谁？——是玛丽。
that引导此处定语从句，修饰人或事物；who引导定语从句，修饰人，作主语，表语或宾语；whom引导定语从句，修饰人，作宾语或表语；which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语，宾语或表语。
修饰先行词the student，表示人，故排除D项。
作定语从句的主语，因为主句是who引导的特殊疑问句，因此句中的定语从句用that引导，故选A。
3．Children like stories _______have happy endings, and so do many old people.A．who B．which C．what【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：孩子们喜欢有美满结局的故事，许多老人也是。
who引导定语从句，修饰人；which 引导定语从句，修饰事物；what引导名词性从句。
此处修饰先行词stories的定语从句，修饰事物，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
故选B。
4．This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.A．which B．what C．whose D．whom【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：这是那本母亲给我作为生日礼物的字典。
冲刺2020中考英语复习提分必备中考英语定语从句复习在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that, as ;引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why;关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.关系副词在定语从句中做状语.一.由who, 引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),修饰表示人的先行词. 例如:This is the man who helped me.Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ?The boy who//whom we saw yesterday is John’s brother.二.whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,口语中可以省略.The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后whom不能省略)The babies whom the nurses are looking for are very healthy.(固定短语中的介词一般不省略,介词仍放在动词之后)三.whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词. Do you know the woman whose name is Mary.Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.四.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词, 作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.The letter (that//which) I received was from my father.I can’t find the letter that//which came this morning.Do you still remember the days (that//which)we spent together ?This is the man that//who helped me.The house (that//which) we live in is not large.=The house in which we live is not large.The doctor (that//whom //who)you are looking for is in the room.五. which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语, 修饰表示物的先行词. 先行词可以是词、短语、句子。
This is the book (which/that ) you want.The building which//that stands near the river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略) The house (which/that) we live in is not large.This is the watch (which/that ) he was looking for.(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前) 六、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that. ①. 先行词为不定冠词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等.All (that) you have to do is to practise every day.There isn’t much (that) I can do.②. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.③. 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时.I have read all the books (that) you gave me.④. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.The white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to read.This is the same book that I want to read. (同一本书)----This is the same book as I want to read.⑤. 当主句以who或which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导.Who is the man that is standing there ?Which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this ?⑥先行词既有人又有物时。
We talked about the persons and things that we could remember.⑦time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或last 来修饰时，定语从句用that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或last 来修饰时，既可用when 也可用that来引导。
This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972.It’s time ( that ) we got up.七、as 引导的定语从句，as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语、定语、表语、或状语，常与the same … as; such… as , so… as , as… as 连用。
I like the same book as you do.I want to have such a dictionary as he has.I shall do it in the same way as you did.He is the same age as you ( are ).He will give you such information as will help you.Such students as you have mentioned should be criticized.=Students such as you have mentioned should be criticized.在the same…后也可用that引导定语从句，但意义有所不同：that 引出的定语从句，指的是与先行词同一事物；而as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物。
I want to use the same tool that I used yesterday.I want to use the same tool as I used yesterday.八、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.( 介词＋which可以代替when)I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.[I remember the days which//that we spent together.]九、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。
This is the place where we lived for five years.The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.( 介词＋which可以代替where)[ This is a place which//that I wanted to visit. ]十、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。
I know the reason why he came late.The reason why he was late was that he was ill.============================================================= 非限定性定语从句1. who 指人，做主语。
Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.2. whom 指人, 作宾语.He had many friends, many of whom had been in the universities.3. whose 指人, 作定语.The Chairman’s daughter, whose name is Ann, gave Tom a smile.4. which 指物, 做主语,宾语.His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.The speech, which he had written on the paper, seemed endless.5. where 指地点, 作状语.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. 6. when 指时间,作状语.The meeting will be put off till next month, when we will have made all the preparations.7. as 做主语,表语,宾语; 先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.As we all know, he studies very hard.As 引导的定语从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情况下已经构成固定搭配.As everybody can see as was usualAs can be seen as I expectedAs is known to all，as may be imaginedas you know as is expectedas has been said before as is reportedas is often said as is announced限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别：限定性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。
