高级会计学英文课件(4)

► (1) unearned rent ► (2) tuition ► (3) annual retailer fee ► (4) premium ► (5) magazine subscriptions
► Accruals --------- are created by an unrecorded expense that has been incurred or an unrecorded revenue that has been earned.
► (1) supplies ► (2) prepaid insurance ► (3) prepaid advertising ► (4) prepaid interest
► ㈡ Deferred revenues (unearned revenue) → become revenues over time
► ㈢ Accrued expenses (accrued liabilities) →
► expense have been incurred but not recorded
► (1) accrued wages
► (2) accrued interest on notes payable
► (3) accrued taxes
► Current accounting period → ► ( cash received or paid )
( revenue or expense incurred ) ► →future accounting period ► ( revenue or expense incurred )
► The journal entries that bring the accounts up to gate at the end of the accounting period are called adjusting entries.

A financial statement that shows the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents over a period of time
The process of calculating and interpreting financial ratios to assess a company's performance, financial position, and liquidity
Understand and apply international accounting standards: Learners should gain a through understanding of international accounting standards and be able to apply them in practice
Enhance critical thinking and problem solving skills: Through the study of accounting professional English, learners should develop critical thinking and problem solving skills that are essential for success in the accounting field
The Learning Objectives of Accounting
Professional English
01
02
03
Develop language skills for effective communication: Learners should be able to communicate confidently and effectively in English, both orally and in writing, in accounting related contexts

Cui Zhe School of Business Nantong University
OBJECTIVE
• To ensure you have the skills necessary to produce an excellent dissertation
STRUCTURE
• From developing the idea to presenting the completed piece of research
COURSE OUTLINE
Part 1:Research Methods in ACC/FIN
Part 2: Basic Theoretical Issues in ACC/FIN
Part 3: Special Topic in ACC/FIN
ACC/FIN RESEARCH METHODS
INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
• Findings will be tentative • Human beings are complex we can only model part of
their behaviour • They are not consistent • They learn • Data are always difficult and expensive to obtain • Linearity is often misleading asymmetry, big vs small
GETTING STARTED
• Don’t rush • Choose something you are interested in • Something which is useful to the rest of your

Management accounting (next page)
Management accounting:
use both historical data in assisting management daily operations and in planning future operations.
concepts one more time. • Combine both freely but English is more
important.
二 Improve English by ….
– Read textbook in class and after class – Remember new words – Answer questions in exercise is important – Overlook some parts while emphasizing some
• Financial accounting: provides external reports o outsiders, financial information.
2 Reporting management information to internal users
Internal users are senior management-level personnel.
• What do you think?
二 Functions
1 Reporting financial information to outside interested users
• Outside users are:investors,banks and other creditors,government agencies,general publics

Cash Defined in the Context of the
Cash Flow Statement
Cash is a non-productive asset, and therefore companies strive to keep their immediately accessible cash balance at a minimum. Instead of carrying large cash balances, companies place their cash in term deposits, or other money market instruments so that they can earn interest. For purposes of the cash flow statement, therefore, cash includes cash on hand ，cash on deposit, and highly liquid short-term investments——cash equivalents.
The Uses of a Cash Flow Statement
The cash flow statement reveals not only the operating cash flow of the company, but also enables the user to reconcile the cash flows to net income. Users can thereby see just how a company can have a cash flow that is different from the reported net income.

C4 - 14
Advantages of Using Periodic Inventory
• The accounting records for inventory and
cost of goods sold are updated only at the end of the accounting period (month, year, etc.). • Thus, in the middle of the period, there is no record that shows how much inventory is on hand or how much has been sold (COGS). • This is an easy, inexpensive method.
C4 - 10
COGS Schedule
Assume that each unit cost $6
Units
Beg. Inventory + Purchases = Goods Available - End. Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold 3 8 11 5 6
Cost
C4 - 12
4-2 Two inventory systems
P110
• Two main systems for keeping merchandise inventory records:
–Perpetual inventory system - a system that keeps a running, continuous record that tracks inventories and the cost of goods sold on a day-to-day basis –Periodic inventory system - a system in which the cost of good sold is computed periodically by relying solely on physical counts without keeping day-to-day records of units sold or on hand.

Consolidated Entity
Company S2
Profit (loss) that has not been realized through subsequent sales to third parties must be eliminated in the preparation of consolidated financial statements.
Slide 6-4
LO 4 Upstream and downstream sales.
Elimination of intercompany sales of goods
Group
Purchases 10
P Comp
Sales 15
S Comp
Sales 20
Downstream Sales
Elimination of intercompany sales of goods
Slide 6-1
6
Elimination of Unrealized Profit on Intercompany Sales of Inventory
Advanced Accounting, Fourth Edition
Slide 6-2
Learning Objectives
1. 2. 3. Describe the financial reporting objectives for intercompany sales of inventory. Determine the amount of intercompany profit, if any, to be eliminated from the consolidated statements. Understand the concept of eliminating 100% of intercompany profit not realized in transactions with outsiders, and know the authoritative position.

- Service Charge - NSF Checks
± Book Adjustments
= Adjusted Balance
7-11
• The July 31 bank statement for Simmons Company
indicated a cash balance of $9,610
income statement accounts.
7-26
At the end of each month, management should estimate the probable
amount of uncollectible accounts and adjust the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts to this new
Each age grouping has a
different likelihood of being uncollectible.
Ž Compute a separate allowance
for each age grouping.
7-28
7-10
Balance per Bank + Deposits in Transit - Outstanding Checks ± Bank Adjustments = Adjusted Balance
Balance per Depositor
+ Deposits by Bank (credit memos)
Readily Marketable
Capital Stock Investments
Marketable
Securities
are . . . Current Assets

3. 常见三大的存货成本 核算假设(方法) • 先进先出法：假设先放置 入库的存货先售出。 • 后进先出法：假设后放置 入库的存货先售出。 • 平均成本法：假设存货的 成本计价以本期存货的平 均成本为计价标准。
4-11
MODULE 2 手不释卷
实用会计英语 / Practical Accounting English
A. Look at the pictures and fill the blank with correct English words.
学 以 致 用
4-5
实用会计英语 / Practical Accounting English
MODULE 1
学 以 致 用
4-6
实用会计英语 / Practical Accounting English
4-12
MODULE 2 手不释卷
实用会计英语 / Practical Accounting English
B. Learn the new words and phrases in the passage and try to use them to make sentences. New Words
制造业企业通过使用机 器和雇佣工人将材料转换成 产成品，并通过销售产品获 取销售收入
4-8
MODULE 2 手不释卷
实用会计英语 / Practical Accounting English
2. Inventory of merchandise business V.S. manufacturing business The merchandise held by a merchandising business is recorded as current asset called merchandise inventory. Merchandise Inventory sold becomes cost of merchandise sold. In contrast to a merchandising company, a manufacturing company has three types of inventory: materials inventory, work in process inventory and finished goods inventory. The costs of work in process inventory include the direct materials, director labor and factory overhead.

4-2
实用会计英语 / Practical Accounting English
Guidance 学习指导
Contents
04
【Unit 04】
Accounting for Manufacturing Business
1 2 3
4-3
【 LESSON 】
MANUFACTURING BUSINESS AND ITS OPERATING CYCLE
MODULE 1
A. Reading material
1. Operation cycle of a manufacturing business The major operational activities of manufacturing businesses are purchase, manufacturing and sale of products. Examples of manufacturing business include General Motors produces automobiles, Nike produces Athletic shoes, Coca-cola produces beverages and Sony produces stereos, televisions and radios, etc. Most of the accounting procedure discussed in previous lessons applies equally to manufacturing business.
1. 制造企业的经营活动 制造业企业的主要经营 活动包括采购、生产和销售 产品。前面课程中所讲到的 大部分内容对制造业的会计 核算都适用。4ຫໍສະໝຸດ 7MODULE 2 手不释卷