2015绵阳一诊英语(word含答案)

1 / 13机密★启用前初2012级中考适应性检测试题（游仙三诊）英 语（2015-5）本试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分。

试卷共8页，答题卡共2页。

满分140分，考试时间120分钟。

注意事项： 1.0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔准确涂写在答题卡上，并认真核对条形码上的姓名和考号。

2.再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。

3．考试结束后，交卷时只交机读卡和答题卡。

第I 卷（选择题,共100分）第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节：单项填空（共20小题.A B.C.D.每小题1分，满分20分）从(A 、B 、C 、D) 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. _________ eleven-year-old girl behind me can play ________ chess wonderfully.A. An, theB. A, theC. The, /D. An, /2.--- How about an outing ?-- But I‟m afraid that not _________ like outdoor activities.A. anybodyB. ecerybodyC. nobodyD. somebody3. More and more personal _________ about him appeared on the internet.A. departmentsB. programsC. importanceD. information4. Some kids are unhealthy because they eat _________ vegetables but much meat.A. fewB. littleC. muchD. many 5. Experts keep trying ways ____________ the roblem.A. sovlingB. sovleC. of sovlingD. to solve6. ---What a terrible storm we experienced last night.--- So it was. I ________ back when it started.A. am drivingB. droveC. was drivingD. have driven7. Tina __________ as a physics teacher for over twenty years.A. has workedB. workedC. workingD. works8. Spring comes and all flowers____________ in the field.A. come outB. put outC. go outD. take out9. The people in the earthquake area_____________ with food and worter in time.A. providedB. were providedC. have providedD. will provde10.-- Come on, take a photo of me on the grass.--- We can‟t . Hre‟s a sign “ ________” nearby. We should take care of the grass .A. No photos!B. Keep off the grass!C. No running!D. Don‟t talk loudly!11.-- Mr. Lee is an able man.-- Yes. He can make almost everything_________ he has enough time.A. as soon asB. even ifC. as long asD. as far as12. --__________he works!-- Just like a bee. And he never stops.A. WhatB. WhenC. WhichD.How13. --- We‟re supposed tokeep rules to __________ accident?A. preventB. protectC. prepareD. promise14. She has a lot of work to do,___________ she hardly ever stays up late.A. andB.soC. orD. but15. ------ __________ I surf the internet for a while,mum?---- No, you ________. I need you to help me with dinner.A. Can, may notB. May, can‟tC. Must, needn‟tD. Need, mustn‟t16. Can you tell me everything about my son ___________ you‟ve know?A. whatB. whichC. thatD. who17. Mike very soon decided_________ and started.A. what he would do nextB. when would he leaveC. how would he spend the holidayD. where would he live18. He is always careless, but this time he looks a lot __________.A. more carefullyB. more carefulC. carefullyD. careful19. ------ Which would you like, blacktea or milk tea?----_________ . I‟m just thirsty.A. NeitherB. EitherC. NoneD. All20. ---- Hasn‟t the bus come yet?----- ___________A. Very wellB. No problemC. Thank youD. Don‟t worry第二节：完形填空（共15小题. 每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的(A、B、C、D) 四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

保密★启用前【考试时间：11日15:00-17:00】绵阳市高中2020级第一次诊断性考试英语本试题卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题），第I卷1至8页，第II 卷9至10页。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

考生作答时，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。

考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共90分）注意事项：1．必须使用2B铅笔在答题卡上将所选答案对应的标号涂黑。

2．第I卷共两部分，共计90分。

第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分40分）第一节单项填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）1. —Darling, make a careful budget for our son at university.—_______, he wasn’t born yesterday.A. Come onB. Look outC. That’s settledD. That’s great2. The Great Wall leaves visitors a puzzle _______ early Chinese peoplemanaged to build it without modern tools.A. whyB. whenC. whereD. how3. I bought my wife the dress for a lot of money, but hardly _______ her wear it.A. I seeB. do I seeC. see ID. I do see4. Lessons, when _______ in fun ways, will certainly inspire the students’interest.A. organizingB. to be organizedC. to organizeD. organized5. He is a typical couch potato _______ his wife likes to go outdoors.A. sinceB. whileC. whenD. as6. Recently I met him for the project, but I don’t know if he _______ his mind.A. changedB. had changedC. has changedD.would change7. —I don’t think the medicine has magic power for my trouble. —Anyhow, you’d better try — it _______ help some way.A. mustB. shouldC. mayD. shall8. We expect you to become someone _______ we’ll feel very proud in the future.A. of whomB. for whomC. whoD. that9. Mr. Clark didn’t explain very clearly. In fact, _______ students really understood.A. quite a fewB. quite a littleC. just a fewD.just a little10. My teacher used to give me helpful advice. Now I do regret _______ it.A. not takingB. not to takeC. not takeD. not taken第二节完形填空阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）英语本试题卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

考生作答时，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草纸上答题不小。

考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共90分）注意事项：1.必须使用2B铅笔在答题卡上将所选答案对应的标号涂黑2.第Ⅰ卷共两部分，共计90分。

第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，共40分）第一节单项填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）1. —Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.—__________ Mike can do it later..A. No wayB. Take your timeC. Nothing seriousD. You're welcome2. You __________ be careful with the camera. It costs!A. mustB. mayC. canD. will3. The books on the desk, __________ covers are shiny,are prizes for us.A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. that4. More expressways __________ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A .are being built B. will be builtC. have been builtD. had been built5. Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be __________ Beethoven.A. aB. anC. theD. 不填6. There is only one more day to go __________ your favorite music group play live.A. sinceB. untilC. whenD. before7. Andy is content with the toy.It is __________ he has ever got.A. a betterB. the betterC. a bestD. the best8. The exhibition tells us __________ we should do something to stop air pollution.A. whereB. whyC. whatD. which9. Little Tom sat __________ watching the monkey dancing in front of him.A. amazeB. amazingC. amazedD. to amaze10. Niki is always full of ideas,but __________ is useful to my knowledge.A. nothingB. no oneC. neitherD. none第二节完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一)试题及答案详细解析Section I Use of English :Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。

(10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1％of genes。

That is _（1）_a study，published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，has__（2）_。

The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __（4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1％may seem_（6)_，it is not so to a geneticist。

As James Fowler，professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego，says, “Most people do not even _（7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8）_our kin.”The study_(9）_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity 。

四川省中考数学试题四川省绵阳市2015年中考英语试题(word版,含答案)导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“四川省绵阳市2015年中考英语试题(word版,含答案)”的资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对的支持!机密★启用前绵阳市2015年初中学业考试暨高中阶段学校招生考试英语本试卷分为试题卷和答题卡两部分，试题卷共8页，答题卡共2页。

满分140分。

考试时间120分钟。

注意事项：1。

答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡上,并认真核对条形码上的姓名和考号。

２。

选择题使用2B铅笔铅填涂在答题卡对应题目位置上，非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔书写在答题卡的A. refused B. refuse C. have refused D. will refuse 14. – Look! Here comes your mom’s car.-- It ______ be hers. She sold her car yesterday.A. mustB. can’tC. needn’tD. might 15. Jeff pleased everybody by making his dog walk ________.A. byB. overC. fromD. on 16. –Would you like to go to the movie with me this evening ? -- __________, but I promised to go swimming with Eric.A. Never mindB. I don’t think soC. I’d love toD. It’s not a big deal17. Books are everywhere, but it’s not easy to find one__________ is really interesting. 对应框内。

绵阳市高中2015级第二学年末教学质量测试英语参考答案第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）1-5 CBABC第二节（共15小题，满分15分）6-10 BAACA 11-15 CBACB 16-20 BCABB第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)21-25 CBDAB26-30 ABDBC31-35 BDCDD第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)36-40 DECGA第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分20分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）41-45 BCADB 46-50 DBCDA 51-55 ACCAB第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）56. that 57. built 58. for/a 59. changes 60. it第四部分写(共两节，满分20分)第一节短文改错(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)Tommy is four years old, an age that children usually have a lot of questions. Every timewhenwhen he goes out with^ parents, he asks a million questions. Some are embarrassed. Last week he his embarrassingasked a middle-aged woman, “How old are you?” She didn’t answer. Maybe when he grew up, hegrows won’t ask so many questions.第二节书面表达(15分)One possible versionHello, boys and girls!I’m Lihua, a senior two student. I am here today to introduce our English reading club and extend sincere welcome to you.As we all know, reading books can increase our intellectual ability, broaden our minds and improve our taste. My friend and I have set up an English reading club recently to encourage us to read more. Of course we’ll hold varieties of reading activities. We’ll provide chances for members of the club to exchange opinions on certain books so that they can learn from each other. Besides, we’ll r ecommend good books to members of the club.Such are our plans. If you are fond of reading and can spare some time to read with us, don’t hesitate to join us!Thank you!高二英语答案第1页（共1页）。

四川省中考数学试题四川省绵阳市20XX年中考英语试题(word版,含答案)导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下―四川省绵阳市20XX 年中考英语试题(word版,含答案)‖的资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对的支持!机密★启用前绵阳市20XX年初中学业考试暨高中阶段学校招生考试英语本试卷分为试题卷和答题卡两部分，试题卷共8页，答题卡共2页。

满分140分。

考试时间120分钟。

注意事项：1。

答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡上,并认真核对条形码上的姓名和考号。

２。

选择题使用2B铅笔铅填涂在答题卡对应题目位置上，非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔书写在答题卡的A. refused B. refuse C. have refused D. will refuse 14. – Look! Here comes your mom’s car.-- It ______ be hers. She sold her car yesterday.A. mustB. can’tC. needn’tD. might 15. Jeff pleased everybody by making his dog walk ________.A. byB. overC. fromD. on 16. –Would you like to go to the movie with me this evening ? -- __________, but I promised to go swimming with Eric.A. Never mindB. I don’t think soC. I’d love toD. It’s not a big deal17. Books are everywhere, but it’s not easy to find one__________ is really interesting. 对应框内。

四川省达州市2025届高三12月第一次诊断性测试英语试题(本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟)2024.12注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的班级、姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔填写在答题卡上，并检查条形码粘贴是否正确。

2.选择题使用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡对应题目标号的位置上，非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔书写在答题卡的对应题框内，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

3.考试结束以后，将答题卡收回。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.15.C.£9.18.答案是B.1. Why did Claudie go to Chengdu again?A. To visit her friends.B. To taste delicious food.C. To chair a meeting.2. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a travel agency.B. At a phone store.C. At home.3. What is the man still suffering from?A. Sore eyes.B. A stuffy nose.C. A headache.4. What is Harrison doing?A. Giving suggestions.B. Having a yoga class.C. Asking for help.5. Why is Mom upset according to the girl?A. Dad has got a low salary.B. Dad came home too late.C. Dad forgot Mom's birthday.第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

2015年考研英语一真题答案（完整版）Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, "Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin."The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there ismore 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similarfriends 13 than "functional kinship" of being friendswith 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply corroborate people's 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.Sec1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.TEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted"kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep." But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" polities and "embody" a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchy's continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe's monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy's reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-asnon-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]eased his relationship with his rivals.[B]used to enjoy high public support.[C]was unpopular among European royals.[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[B] Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobility's adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles[A]takes a tough line on political issues.[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats[D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs21.Dended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all MonarchiesTEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted"kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep." But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following theend of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" polities and "embody" a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchy's continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe's monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy's reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-asnon-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]eased his relationship with his rivals.[B]used to enjoy high public support.[C]was unpopular among European royals.[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[B] Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobility's adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles[A]takes a tough line on political issues.[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats[D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs21.Dended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all MonarchiesText 3The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announced today. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the Published research findings."Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,"writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with theAmerican Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the Journal's editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review theseAsked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,"The creation of the'statistics board'was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."Giovanni Parmigiani，a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to "play primarily on advisory role." He agreed to join because he "found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science."John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is "a most welcome step forward"and "long overdue,""Most journals are weak in statistical review，and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,"he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research，according to David Vaux，a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012，but journals should also take a tougher line，"engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process."Vaux says that Science's idea to pass some papers to statisticians "has some merit，but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify'the papers that need scrutiny'in the first place."31. It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase "flagged up "(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science's circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers' worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papersText4Two years ago. Rupert Murdoch's daughter, spoke at the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the mechanism"in society should be profit and the market we the people who create the society we want, not profit."Driving her point home, she continued"It's increasingly absence of purpose，of a moral language with in government, could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom." This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies, such as International, she thought,making it more likely that it would fore had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding the predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge-the wide dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalistsgot their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions-nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. Accordign to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B) companies' financial loss due to immoral practices(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defence(A) revealed a cunning personality.(B) centered on trivial issues.(C) was hardly convincing.(D) was part of a conspiracy.39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows(A) generally distorted values.(B) unfair wealth distribution.(C) a marginalized lifestyle.(D) a rigid moral code.40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.(C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.36. A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. Bmore journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. A generally distorted values40. C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)______________ You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved.Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)_________________ Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or "true" meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text totheworld.(43)___________Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44)________________________This doesn't, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_______________________Such dimensions of reading suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading. It doesn't then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity-inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author's own thoughts.[G] Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text's formal structures(so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.41.C 42.E 43.G 44.B 45.APart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attemptedto transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." Thecolonists' first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

2015年考研英语(一)真题+答案+分析Section I Useof EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Though not biologically related,friends are as “related”as fourth cousins,sharing about1%of genes. That is_(1)_a study,published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_(3)__1,932 unique subjects which__(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_(5)_.While1%may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says,“Most people do not even_(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Whythis similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that_(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship”of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last30,000years,with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by4.[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unbelievable[D] incredible7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know8.[A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D]surpass9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like12.[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit13.[A]according to[B]rather than[C]regardless of[D] along with14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]missions[D]benefits15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]express17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D] disruptive18.[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tellSection II Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted“kings don’t abdicate,they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So,does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals,with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime,monarchs can rise above“mere”politics and“embody”a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’continuing popularity polarized.And also,the Middle East excepted,Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world,with10kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia,most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be,their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today–embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles,not horses(or helicopters). Even so,these are wealthy families who party with the international1%,and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.Wh ile Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come,it is the British royalswho have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary(if well-heeled) granny style.The danger will come with Charles,who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service–as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charles ought to know that as English history shows,it is kings,not republicans,who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21.According to the first two Paragraphs,King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]used turn enjoy high public support[B]was unpopular among European royals[C]cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A]owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C]to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23.Which of the following is shown to be odd,according to Paragraph4?[A]Ar istocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B]The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C]The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24.The British royals“have most to fear”be cause Charles[A]takes a rough line on political issues[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C]takes republicans as his potential allies[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos,Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles,Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Carlos,a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles,Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsTEXT2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling,particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.It is hard,the state argues,for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice.Enough of the implications are discernable,even obvious,so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police,lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone-a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say,going through a suspect’s purse.The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook,of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home.A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history,financial history,medi cal history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.The development of“cloud computing.”meanwhile,has madethat exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole.New,disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections.Orin Kerr, a law professor,compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the20th:The justices hadto specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then;they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26.The Supreme court,will work out whether,during an arrest,it is legitimate to[A]search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant.[B]check suspects’phone contents without being authorized.[C]prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27.The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A]tolerance.[B]indifference.[C]disapproval.[D]cautiousness.28.The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable toA]getting into one’s residence.[B]handing one’s historical records.[C]scanning one’s correspondences.[D]going through one’s wallet.29.In Paragraph5and6,the author shows his concern that[A]principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B]the court is giving police less room for action.[C]phones are used to store sensitive information.[D]citizens’privacy is not effective protected. Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered. Text3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE).Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manus.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:“The creation of the‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the HarvardSchool of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group,says he expects the board to“play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he“f ound the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not??be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want t o model their approach after Science.”31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A]Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32、The phrase“flagged up”is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored3、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA.adds to researchers’worklosd.B.diminishes the role of reviewers.C.has room for further improvement.D.is to fail in the foreseeable future.35.Which of the following is the best title of the text?A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB.Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC.Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’DesksD.Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText4Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch’s daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the“unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.Integrity had collapsed,she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only“sorting mechanism”in society shou ld be profit and the market. But“it’s us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit”.Driving her point home,she continued:“It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson,for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to5,500people.This is hacking on an industrial scale,as was acknowledged by GlennMulcaire,the man hired by the News of the World in2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This saga still unfolds.In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishingrevelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. In today’s world,it has become norma l that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation,the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility,shareholder value,business-friendly, wealth generation,sales,impact and,in newspapers, circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice,fairness,tolerance,proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding,to be fair in what was written or to betrayy common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions,gave no instructions—nor received traceable,recorded answers.36.Accordign to the first two paragraphs,Elisabeth was upset by(A)the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B)companies’financial loss due to immoral practices(C)governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D)the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that(A)Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B)more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C)Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D)phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38.The author believes that Rebekah Brooks’s de fence(A)revealed a cunning personality.(B)centered on trivial issues.(C)was hardly convincing.(D)was part of a conspiracy.39.The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows(A)generally distorted values.(B)unfair wealth distribution.(C)a marginalized lifestyle.(D)a rigid moral code.40Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?(A)The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B)Common humanity is central to news reporting.(C)Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D)Journalists need stricter industrial regulations. Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed. For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)How does your reading proceed?Clearly you try to comprehend,in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them,drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar(41)______you begin to infer a context for the text,for instance,by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved:who is making the utterance, to whom,when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension.But they show comprehension toconsist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues(42) _______Conceived in this way,comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader.What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute,fixed or“true”meaning that can be readoff and clocked for accuracy,or some timeless relation of the text to the world.(43) _______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44)_______This doesn’t,however,make interpretation merely relative or even pointless.Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_______suchdimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will alsodo-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading.It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller,more advanced or more worthwhile than another.Ideally,different kinds of reading inform each other,and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A]Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course?Reading it simply for pleasure?Skimming it for information?Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B]Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading,our gender ethnicity,age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C]If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms,you guess at their meaning,using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later,you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect,you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence,image or reference might have had:These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences,for instance,about how the test may be significant to you,or about its validity —inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems,characters speak as constructs created by the author,not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather,we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures(so especially its language structures)and various kinds of background,social knowledge,belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Within the span of a hundred years,in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries,a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.46)This movement,driven by powerful and diverse motivations,built a nationout of a wilderness and,by its nature,shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47)The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs,and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity,colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48)But,the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,the interplay of the varied national groups uponone another,and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent caused significant changes.These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways,hada character that was distinctly American.49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the15th-and 16th-century explorations of North America.In the meantime,thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico,the West Indies,and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their six-to twelve-week voyage,they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them.Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease,and infants rarely survived the journey.Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course,and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.”said one recorderof events,“The air at twelve leagues’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists’first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture,ships and potash,dyes and naval stores. Section IV WritingPart A51.Directions:You are going to host a club reading session.Write an email of about100words recommending a book to the club members. You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay you should1)describe the drawing briefly2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET.(20points)一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart AText121.C ended his regin in embarrassment22.A owing to their undoubted and respectable status23.C the role of the nobility in modern democracy24.D fails to adapt himsself to his future role25.B Carlos,a lesson for all European MonarchiesText226.B check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.disapprovalgetting into one's residence29.D citizens'privacy is not effectively protected new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution Text3journals are strengthening their statistical checks marked33.D set an example for other journals34.C has room for further improvementscience joins Push to screen statistics in papersText436.A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37.B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38.C was hardly convincing39.A generally distorted values40.C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper Part Bif you are unfamiliar...you make further inferences...Rather,we ascribe meanings to...factors such as...are we studying that...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。