常用英语修辞格的翻译方法

修辞格的翻译方法修辞格一般都具有形式独特新颖、内容丰富、功能生动鲜明等特点。

翻译英语修辞格力求译文能有效地再现原文的精神和风格。

英译汉中常见的修辞格，包括音韵修辞格、词义修辞格、句法修辞格等，本文着重介绍了修辞格的翻译方法，包括直译、加注、意译法、替换法、归化、切分等，并通过一些实例来阐述。

一般说来，修辞格的翻译原则是形似不如神似重要，因为英汉两种语言在修辞手法修辞格的翻译上存在许多差异，为了使译文符合译入语的语言规范和表达习惯。

总的来说，英语修辞格的译法主要有直译、加注、意译、归化、切分、数种译法并用等。

（一）直译法在英汉两种语言的修辞手法和比喻形象无甚差异的情况下，就可采用直译。

直译既可传达原文的意义，又可保持原文的修辞风格，丰富译文的语言表达能力。

His present hunger awoke and gnawed at him.这会儿，他肚子里的饥饿又苏醒过来撕咬着他。

（二）加注法加注也是丰富译文语言表达的一种有效方法。

它既能传达原文的意思和神韵，又能扩展读者的知识面，尤其原文所用的典故在上下文中起比较重要的作用时，使用加注能收到比较好的效果。

Christ，to hear some of th ose sailor’s myths，you’dthink bloody Fort know was on every ship that sailed.天哪，要是听信有些水手的胡说八道，你会以为每条出海的船上都有该死的诺克斯堡哩。

（注：诺克斯堡是美国一个军事保留地，是美国黄金仓库的所在地。

）（三）意译法由于许多英语修辞手法或比喻形象本身是特有的，如保留其形象就会危害其义。

如英语的头韵法，其搭配可以千变万化，很难碰巧找到这样的汉语搭配，即使勉强凑韵，也不一定能表达原文的意思。

在这种情况下，必须首先保证译文能正确传达原文的思想内容，然后尽一切可能去表现原文的节奏和旋律。

safe and sound安然无恙now and never机不可失（1）He is the mouth of the House in its relations with the crown.他是议会对王室的发言人。

Байду номын сангаас
拟人（Personification） 拟人（Personification）
拟人就是把动物和没有生命的事物当成有思想感 情的人类来描写，甚至让它们具有人的行为。这 些事物可以是无生命的实体，还可以是抽象的概 念， 如：a smiling moon（微笑的月亮），a 如：a moon（微笑的月亮），a crying city（哭泣的城市），to strangle justice city（哭泣的城市），to （扼杀正义）等。 英汉两种语言中都有这种修辞手法，在翻译的时 候一般可采取直译的方法再现原文的生动形象。
3）We must work to live, and they give us such mean wages that we die. (Oscar Wilde, The Young King) King) 我们不得不做工来养活自己，可是他们只给我们那么少的 工钱，我们简直活不下去。 （巴金译） 4）Nay, he said—yes you did—deny it if you can, that said— did— you would not have confessed the truth, though master had cut you to pieces. (Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling) Foundling) 他还说——你是这么说的，有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说， 他还说——你是这么说的，有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说， 就是老师把你剁成肉酱，你也绝不招出实情。（萧乾译）
修辞格翻译（2 修辞格翻译（2）
转喻（Metonymy） 转喻（Metonymy）
转喻就是借与人或事物有关联的事物来指代人或事物。根 据上下文，既可以直译，也 可以意译。首先请看下面的例句： 1）Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? 生命当真如此可贵，和平当真如此甜蜜，竟值得以枷锁和 奴役为代价去换取吗？ 在这里，chains（枷锁）指代“束缚”，直译既可以保留 在这里，chains（枷锁）指代“束缚”，直译既可以保留 原文的感染力，又可以为读者理解。但并不是在所有情况 下直译都是最好选择，例如：John 下直译都是最好选择，例如：John spent many years in chains beforehe saw his family again. Chains 在这里指 代“囚禁”，若译成“约翰在枷锁中过了许多年才又见到 他的家人”则嫌不够自然，可意译成“约翰在监牢里呆了 很多年才又见到他的家人”。

翻译修辞的技巧
修辞的技巧是为了通过巧妙的运用语言手段，使文章或言辞具有感染力和艺术性。

以下是一些常见的修辞技巧的翻译：
1. 比喻(Metaphor): 将一个事物或概念直接比较和类比于另一个事物，以便更好地传达意义和形象。

2. 暗喻(Metonymy): 使用一个相关的词语代替所要表达的概念，以便使语言更具隐喻性和形象感。

3. 拟人(Personification): 赋予无生命的事物或抽象概念人的特质，以便更好地表达其含义和人情。

4. 反问(Rhetorical Question): 使用一个问题表达自己立场或观点，而不是真正期望得到答案。

5. 反复(Repetition): 重复某个词语、短语或句子，以增强语气、强调重要性或创造韵律效果。

6. 排比(Parallelism): 使用相似的语法结构和节奏来进行排列，以增强节奏感和强调一系列事物的重要性。

7. 夸张(Hyperbole): 蓄意夸大事物的程度或情况，以吸引读者或听众的注意力，并加强表达的效果。

8. 对称(Symmetry): 运用平衡、对称的结构来表达观点，以增强文章的整体美感和表达的力量。

9. 省略(Ellipsis): 在语句中有意省略一个或多个字词，以创造悬念或增加一种蛛丝马迹的效果。

10. 比较(Simile): 使用"像"或"如同"等词语，将一个事物直接比较和类比于另一个事物，以增强表达的效果。

以上是一些常见的修辞技巧的翻译，但值得注意的是，修辞是一种艺术性的表达方式，翻译时需要根据上下文和语境进行恰当的转换和运用。

Roads became roaring oceans. C. 拟人 personification
e.g. The thirsty soil drank in the rain. 干燥的土壤大口大口地喝着雨水。
6）A群nn山a肃wa立s，gi江ve河n a挥b泪la，ck辽m阔ar的k l祖as国t w大ee地k沉fo浸r b在ei巨ng大la的te悲 f痛or之w中or。k.
e.g. 樱花红陌上，柳叶绿池边。
The pathways red with cherry blossoms;
The lakeside green with willow trees. Beauty, strength, youth, are flowers but fading seen;
Duty, faith, love, are roots, and every green.
然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。 7）WeMaisrernaobtlegwoirningktloeslebt ehgimanbtroinagpspheaamr beeotwn eoeunr theiasm.
eye-brows and round his mouth.
LOGO
如H.呼e.g告.祖A国po啊str，op可he见你是一切神圣美丽东西的总称！你不能不 让人乐于为你生，勇于为你而死，为了你而奋发前进！
I came, I saw, I conquered.
我只身前往，我明察秋毫，我旗开得胜。
LOGO
如2.在意英译汉法两种语言中不少辞格利用了各自语言的特点，要译成另
一种语言相当困难，这类辞格之所以难译，是因为他们的语法语
音语言形式不为译文读者所接受。这种情况犹见于汉译英。

翻译中常见的修辞格由于我们精通汉语，所以英语写作中有各种各样的修辞手法。

今天，我将向你介绍20种最常见的英语修辞格。

仔细体验它们，并尝试在您的作文中使用它们:1、Simile 明喻明喻是指具有共同特征的不同事物的比较，共同特征存在于人的内心而非事物的自然属性。

标志词常用：like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。

举个例子1. I wandered lonely as astay dog.我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。

2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷，就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。

2、metaphor 隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。

举个例子1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐，但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。

2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读，另一些需要被“狼吞虎咽”般地阅读；很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。

3、metaphor 隐喻，暗喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.举个例子1. 以容器代替内容，例如：1）The kettle boils.水开了。

2）The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。

2. 以资料、工具代替事物的名称，例如：Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。

3. 以代替作品，例如：a plete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集4. 以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。

第九章英语修辞格的译法（教学安排：2课时）修辞格(figure of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。

它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。

要翻译好英语修辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。

翻译英语修辞格力求译文能有效地再现原文的修辞效果，否则译文即使在大意上与原文差不多，也会使原文的精神和风格受损，削弱语言的表达力。

一般说来，修辞格的翻译原则是形似不如神似重要。

要做到这一点有时可以采取直译，因为英汉两种语言在修辞手法上存在某些惊人的相似之处；但有时仅靠直译是不行的，因为英汉两种语言还存在着许多差异。

无视这些差异而采用直译不但不能保持原文中修辞格的神韵，反而会歪曲原作的意思，造成译文语言晦涩难懂。

这时译者就得借助其他翻译技巧，根据具体情况灵活地改换原文的某些修辞手法，使译文符合译入语的语言规范和表述习惯。

大致说来修辞格的翻译法有三：直译法、意译法和直译加注法。

但是，不管采用什么方法，都应尽量保留原修辞格的语言文化特色，努力传递出各种辞格的结构美、意韵美和音韵美。

一、Simile（明喻）simile与汉语的明喻基本相同，用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境，使其变抽象为具体、化深奥为浅显、化陌生为熟悉，使描写更加生动形象。

英语simile 的比喻词一般是like, as（……as）等, 汉语明喻的比喻词通常是“好像”、“仿佛”、“一样”、“犹如”、“若”、“似”等。

例如：例1原文：They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails.译文：1．直译当英语和汉语明喻中的喻义和喻体相对应时，可以采取直译。

例2原文：Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water.译文：例3原文：Mrs. Macbeth has a heart as hard as flint.译文：例4原文：Previously, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decide, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar.译文：例5as cold as ice as light as feather as bold as a lionas rapid as lightening as hungry as a wolf applause like thundersas sly as a fox as slow as a turtle as busy as a bee as dirty and greedy as a pig 2．改变喻体当英汉明喻中的喻义相同而喻体不同时，翻译时需要改变喻体。

英语修辞手法12级商务英语1班高腾学号02011) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.1.In his dream he saw the tiny figure fall as a fly 在他的梦中他看见那小小的人影像苍蝇一般地落了下来。

————《英语文摘》2015-2比喻形象生动，把人影比作苍蝇突出其渺小。

2.The old man’s hair is as white as snow.老人的头发雪白。

———The Washington Post2)Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.1.Life is an isthmus between two eternities. 生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道——《21 century》2014-32.I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.————《英语文摘》2015-2这里用肌肉代指力气，肌肉的功能也就是出力气，直接用肌肉来代表则用了暗喻手法，加强表达效果。

heart. 那次长谈之后，吉姆成了她心中的太阳。第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
汉语的暗喻和英语的暗喻都不露比喻的 痕迹，把甲直接说成 “ 是”乙或“变成 了”乙，常用的喻词在汉语里有 “是”、 “变成”、“变为”、“成为”、“成 了”、“当作”等，英语里常用 “be”作 喻词，也用 “become”，“turn into”等 词语。暗喻在翻译中一般也可采取直译。
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
夸张； Hyperbole 1）我从乡下跑到京城里，一转眼已经六年
了。（鲁迅：《一件小事》）Six years have passed by in a twinkle since I
came to the capital city from the countryside.
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
英语里 as ... as ...结构的明喻大多可以 直译 ：
as cold as ice 冰冷 as hot as fire 火热 as hard as rock 坚如磐石 as light as feather 轻如鸿毛
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
下面的直译生动形象，也能被中国读者 所理解接受：
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
折绕；Periphrasis 1) “孔乙己，你脸上又添上新伤疤了!”（鲁迅：
《孔乙己》）（“ 添上新伤疤”意为 “又挨
打了”。）“Kong Yiji! You’ve got fresh scars
on your face!” 2) 胡思乱想，一夜也不曾合眼。（曹雪芹：
1) He has provided the poor with jobs，with opportunity，with self-respect. （在 with selfrespect 之前省去了连词 and。）他给穷人提 供了工作，提供了机会，提供了自尊。

（三）音韵修辞格(phonetic stylistic devices) 顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创 造出来的修辞手法。

双声,叠韵Alliteration 拟声Onomatopoeia
1 直译法 ——对可译的辞格，尽可能直译

明喻；暗喻；拟人；夸张 讳饰；转喻；省略； 移就；递升；递降；反语 排比； 设问； 反问；



反复Repetition 顶真Anadiplosis 排比parallelism 对偶antithesis, 设问rhetoric question, 倒装anastrophe, 递升climax, 递降Anti-climax 脚韵Rhyme 摹形Graphic 列锦
拟人；Personification
eg:每条岭都是那么温柔，虽然下自山脚，上至岭 顶，长满了珍贵的林木，可是谁也不孤峰突起， 盛气凌人。（老舍：《小花朵集》） 译文：All the ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance， though their slopes were fully covered with precious trees.
省略；Ellipsis

eg：妈妈让他洗碗，她就不洗。 译文：Mother tells her to wash the dishes， but she will not（do it）
移就；Transferred Epithet

把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于同人有关的抽象物 或具体物，这种貌似错误、实为妙用的修辞格叫做 “移就”（Transferred Epithet），它通过词语巧妙 的“移植”，来取得常规搭配所无法得到的效果。

英语19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句修辞是能够让语言变得更加富有表达性的工具，同时也是让语言变得更加复杂的一种语言现象，了解修辞手法，能够让我们更加容易了解作者或者说话者想要来表达的情感和想法。

英语和汉语一样，也有着丰富的修辞手法。

今天我们来了解一下英语中的修辞手法，帮助我们更好的学习英语。

英语中有19种修辞手法,它们分别是：Simile明喻、Metaphor隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia通感,联觉,移觉、Personification拟人、Hyperbole夸张、Parallelism排比,平行、Euphemism委婉,婉辞法、Allegory讽喻,比方、Irony反语、Pun双关、Parody仿拟、Rhetoricalquestion修辞疑问、Antithesis对照,对比,对偶、Paradox隽语、Oxymoron反意法,逆喻、Climax渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax渐降法。

下面和大家一一介绍一下这19种修辞手法，同时也给出全部解释和例句：1、Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like,as,seem,as if,as though,similar to,such as 等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wan dered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked ou t of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be taste d, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, orto create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the worldis a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. Itachieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or thewhole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressedin silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mindis figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, orapplying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity,like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleeplessnights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movementExplanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。

Hyperbole
It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool.
01
“He is really strange,” his friends said when they heard he had divorced his pretty and loving wife.
Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、 成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些渊源流长的谚语、格言等。例如： Grammar may be his heel of Achilles. 语法是他的大弱点。（Achilles是希腊神话中的一位勇士。除了脚踵处，他身上其他地方刀枪不入。） The project is an economic Albatross from the start. 这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。(Albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后， 全船陷入灾难中。)
这些人犹如街上的有轨电车， 满足于在自己的轨道上运行。
Simile
Metaphor兼有汉语隐喻、借喻及拟物的特点，即把甲事物当作乙事物来描写。
（1）Experience is the mother of wisdom. 经验为智慧之母。（隐喻） （2）She is shedding crocodile tears. 她在掉鳄鱼眼泪。（借喻） （3） Mark my words, the first woman who fishes for him, hooks him. 瞧着吧， 不管什么女人钓他， 他就会上钩。（拟物）

他清清楚楚地看见一条丁字街，横在他 眼前。 He saw distinctly the cross-road ahead of him. After that long talk, Jim became the sun in her heart. 那次长谈之后，吉姆成了她心中的太阳。



权曰：“今听臣言，则西蜀有泰山之安， 不听臣言，则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”




With this faith we will be able to hoe out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. 抱有这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山凿出希望 之石。抱有这个信念，我们就能把我们这个民 族中那些刺耳的噪音变成一部歌颂手足之情的 美妙交响曲。
常见的修辞格翻译
一、比喻（figure of speech）

比喻无处不在，为各语言文化共有。 比喻有四个要素：本体（tenor），喻体 （vehicle），比喻词（comparative word）及相似点（point of resemblance）。这里主要谈谈明喻 （simile）和暗喻（metaphor）的翻译。

as brave as lion as black as crow
as sharp as knife
Hale Waihona Puke • 但这种译法仅限于在用词和修辞结构上与原文 一致情况下使用，但是在有些场合却不能墨守 原文的修辞手法，也不能照搬原文的比喻形象 。 理由是英汉两个民族的历史沿革、风俗习惯和 思维方式各不相同。在这种情况下，就需要采 用意译。我们可以通过增加词语、引申词意、 转换修辞格或转换比喻形象等方法来确切地表 达原文修辞格所表现的感染力。
2.增词法
• His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down with a dismissal speech rehearsed.
• 他的上司大概在一边踱步，一边构思着 解雇他的言辞。
3.溶合法
• I have questioned husbands of long standing about the color of their wives’ eyes, and often they express embarrassed confusion and admit that, they do not know. • A.我曾向一些结婚多年的丈夫询问他们的妻子 的眼睛是什么颜色，他们常常窘迫地表示出迷 惑，随后承认不知道。 • B.我曾向一些结婚多年的丈夫询问他们的妻子 的眼睛是什么颜色，他们常常表示出窘迫的迷 惑，随后承认不知道。
1.移植法
• 英语用矛盾修辞法的地方，译成汉语后 仍用矛盾修辞法 。 • beautiful tyrant • a damned saint 美丽的暴君 可恶的圣人
2.拆译法
• 把英语矛盾修辞法中两个互相矛盾的词 语拆开，根据原文的意思，分别用适当 的汉语词语表达出来。 • fiend angelical •是天使，也是魔鬼

常见的修辞格翻译
一、比喻（figure of speech）

比喻无处不在，为各语言文化共有。 比喻有四个要素：本体（tenor），喻体 （vehicle），比喻词（comparative word）及相似点（point of resemblance）。这里主要谈谈明喻 （simile）和暗喻（metaphor）的翻译。


张飞听了，瞋目大叱曰：“我哥哥是金枝 玉叶，你是何等人，敢称我哥哥为贤弟！ 你来！我和你斗三百合！” The moment Zhang Fei heard this, his eyes widened and he shouted, “Our brother is a prince of the blood, a jade leaf on the golden branch. Who are you to call him ‘young brother’? Come out now and fight three hundred rounds with me. ”


后曰：“旦夕如坐针毡，似此为人，不 如早亡！妾看宦官中之忠义可托者，莫 如穆顺，当令寄此书。” “Day and night we sit on pins,” the Empress continued. “I prefer death to a life like this. Among our eunuchs Mu Shun is loyal and true. He could deliver the letter.”


权曰：“今听臣言，则西蜀有泰山之安， 不听臣言，则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”

英语常用语义修辞格的翻译英、汉两种语言在语义方面都有大量的修辞方式。

这两种语言中经常运用形象性手段来加强语言效果,从而达到修辞目的。

而这种比喻性手段在两种语言中的表达方式上与形象性的比喻上,有的相同,有的不尽相同。

有的形象性用法能为一种语言的读者有所了解、接受,而对另一种语言的读者则显得陌生或不能接受。

因此,在翻译英语语义修辞格时,不仅要注意形式上的对应,更应注意符合汉语的表达习惯。

本文拟讨论英语常用的语义修辞格的翻译。

一、明喻(simile)在翻译英语的明喻时,一般采用直译法,将其译成汉语的明喻。

但由于英汉两个民族的历史发展、生活环境、风俗习惯各不相同,思维方式和美学观念也有所差异,有的英语明喻和汉语明喻的比喻形象不尽相同。

因此,有时也用意译法、变通法和注释法。

如:He was like a cock who thought the sun hadrisen for him to crow. 他这人就像一只骄傲的公鸡,以为太阳升起是为了它的啼叫。

( simile →明喻。

直译法)Tom was as sober as a judge. 他十分清醒。

(simile →非修辞格。

意译法)He is as cunning as a dead pig. 他像狐狸一样狡猾。

(simile →明喻。

但不是“像死猪一样狡猾”。

变通法)Falstaff : I am as poor as Job , my lord , but not sopatient . 福斯塔夫: 我是像约伯(注) 一样穷的,大人,可是却没有他那样的好耐性。

(注:约伯(Job)《圣经》中的人物, 以忍耐贫穷而著称的圣徒。

)(simile →明喻。

但译文意义不清楚,故加了注释。

注释法)二、隐喻(metaphor)英语隐喻的翻译,一般采用修辞格转换法或直译法,将其译成汉语的明喻或隐喻。

但由于英汉两种文化的差异,有时需要转换表达或修辞方式、或改变喻体以符合汉语的习惯。

英语修辞手法12级商务英语1班高腾学号2012224102011)Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.To make the comparison,words like as,as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.For example,As cold waters to a thirsty soul,so is good news from a far country.明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like,as,seem,as if,as though,similar to,such as等.1.In his dream he saw the tiny figure fall as a fly在他的梦中他看见那小小的人影像苍蝇一般地落了下来。

————《英语文摘》2015-2比喻形象生动，把人影比作苍蝇突出其渺小。

2.The old man’s hair is as white as snow.老人的头发雪白。

2)Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile,also makes a comparison between two unlike elements,but unlike a simile,this comparison is implied rather than stated.For example,the world is a stage.隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.1.Life is an isthmus between two eternities.生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道——《21century》2014-32.I had the muscle,and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.————《英语文摘》2015-2这里用肌肉代指力气，肌肉的功能也就是出力气，直接用肌肉来代表则用了暗喻手法，加强表达效果。