复合宾语--及物动词之后的复合宾语

初中英语语法：宾语补足语【2 】一.宾语补足语的概念某些及物动词的宾语后面还须要有一个补足语,意思才完全,宾语和它的补足语组成复合宾语.而复合宾语的第一部分平日由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份.特点等,称为宾语补足语.句子构造是：主+谓+宾+宾补I'm going to paint it pink.句子中的it显然是宾语.主语将要做的并不是it,而是paint it pink.pink 是句子中的宾语补足语.它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是履行了paint的动作. 二.宾语补足语与双宾语的差别宾语补足语是用来补充解释宾语的,双宾语是一致地位的宾语,二者在本质上是不同的.1.比如pass me the book中,me是间接宾语,指人,也是近宾语;the book是直接宾语,指物,也是远宾语.又如：They gave him a watch. 这里的him 是间接宾语, a watch 是直接宾语,这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时消失的情形叫双宾语.常用宾语：常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave,sell, show, read等.2.在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完全,还须要有一个其他的句子成分来补充解释宾语的意义.状况等,称为宾语补足语,简称宾补.比如说： I heard Jean singing this morning. 句子中的Jean显然是宾语.但是主语I听到的并不是Jean,而是Jean singing.singing 是句子中的宾语补足语.它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是Jean履行了singing的动作.句子中的singing是如今分词做宾语补足语.三.宾语补足语的各类情势可以或许充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式,如今分词,曩昔分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等.一般情形下,宾补平日紧跟在宾语之后.比如：I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补）I saw the kite up and down. （up and down是副词做宾补）Tom made the girl cry. (cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式）1.名词或代词宾格+名词They named the baby Jim.We call him Tom.2.名词或代词宾格+形容词They painted the wall white.I always find her happy and gay(高兴).3.名词或代词宾格+介宾短语People praised（赞扬）him as a national hero.The next morning I found him at his machine again.☆4.名词或代词宾格+动词不定式We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again.The teacher helped him(to)see his error(错误).☆5.名词或代词宾格+分词（如今分词或曩昔分词）I heard somebody knocking at the door.He had his ankle sprained while playing football.他踢足球时把脚踝扭伤.请思虑：为什么第一句用的是如今分词而第二句用的是曩昔分词呢四.什么动词后可有宾语补足语：1.在表示心理状况的动词后作宾语补足语.这类动词有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等.这类动词后的不定式平日是"to be+形容词或名词"构造,think, consider, find后的to be常可省略. We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们以为他是一个好师长教师.He proved that theory(to be) very important. 他证实谁人理论是很主要的.I thought her(to be) nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见到她的时刻就以为她人很好,很说谎.2.在表示情绪状况的动词后作宾语补足语.这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等.I'd prefer you to leave him alone. 我愿望你不要打搅他.☆3.留意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语.I hope you can give me a hand. （宾从）我愿望你能帮我一把.I wish you to give me a hand. 我愿望你能帮我一把.Mr. Li suggested that she should not go there alone. （宾从）李师长教师建议她不要独自去那边.He required us to be present at the meeting. 他请求我们出席会议.☆不定式作宾语补足语的情形：1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等;2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等.如：She often asks me to help her.We don't allow such things to happen again.Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.I often see him play football.（to省略了）3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种解释：①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to.如：I often help my mother(to) do some housework.②在使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式不带to.这些动词有：一感二听三让四不雅看.一感：feel二听：hear, listen to三让：let, have, make 四不雅看：observe, see, watch, look at .这类动词还有：make, let, have等.转为被动语态时,厥后平日都用带to的不定式 (have没有被动语态).What would you have me do?你要我做什么？She made him give up smoking.她让他戒了烟.Let him do whatever he wishes to do.他想干什么就让他干吧.Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.（变成被动语态要把to加上）固然经常是他弄哭小妹妹,但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了☆分词作宾语补足语用如今分词作宾补,解释宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用曩昔分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的推却者,组成逻辑上的动宾关系.1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等.例如：There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard.因为十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音.When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.他醒来的时刻发明一位老迈娘正在照料他.2. 几种用曩昔分词作宾语补足语的情形解释：①表示“意欲;敕令”的动词如 like, want, wish, order 等,可用曩昔分词作宾语补足语.The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴.②感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, 等后,可用曩昔分词作宾语补足语.例如：Isaw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 适才我看到一位白叟被车撞倒了.③使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep 等后,可用曩昔分词作宾语补足语.例如： Have you got your films developed? 你拿菲林去冲洗了没有？☆控制“使役动词 have + 宾语＋曩昔分词”的几种寄义在“ have ＋宾语＋曩昔分词”构造中,曩昔分词作宾语补足语, have 也可用 get .这一构造具有以下几种寄义：①意为“主语请别人做某事”.例如：He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去检讨眼睛.（“检讨”的动作由大夫来进行）②意为“主语遭受.遭受某一不高兴.不测的工作”.例如：Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心,不然会弄伤手的.③意为“使完成某事”,工作既可所以别人做完,也可以由主语参与完成.He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了.（主语本身可能参与）。

宾语从句，是名词性从句的一种。

在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。

宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。

谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动词现在分词、过去式、过去分词后面都能带宾语从句。

有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。

特点宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。

宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。

连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成分，口语中一般可以省略。

whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。

当if/whether引导宾语从句时，在从句中不做任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。

if/whether不能省略。

如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.补充：从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.分类：宾语从句分为三类:（1）动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.时态：1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时。

2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。

3.当为客观事实和科学真理时，从句为一般现在时。

（2）宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他将在下一年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won this game?你知道谁赢了这一局游戏吗I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Huawei or Apple smart phone?你决定好是买华为还是苹果的手机了吗?连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.（3）动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team arestronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保 keep in mind 牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been t o the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.（when引导时间状语从句，it是代词，代指这种情况） I hate it that i love you.我讨厌我爱你。

第三讲宾语的类型1.宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。

在英语中只有及物动词（vt.）才能接宾语,而且不接不行;不及物动词不能接宾语, 如非要接宾语,一定要用上介词.Don’t drop rubbish about.I accepted your wise advice.Pass me the ink, please.Make hey while the sun shines.2.按接在不同的词性之后, 宾语可分为动词宾语和介词宾语( 名, 代, doing )介词后必须接宾语In our school about three-fourths of the students are from the north.英语中某些形容词如worth, able, sure, careful等也可以有宾语This book is worth readingOur factory is able to produce rayon, vinyl on and other chemical fibersAre you sure that he will come?She is always careful what she does.3.可用作宾语的词性有: 名, 代, 数动词的.to do / 疑问词+to do / doing , the + adj , 带连词的句子( 宾语从句)He takes a cold bath every morning.Miss Smith teaches the second grade.All of us like him.Give me four.He began to learn English a year ago.Every one of us likes to go the circus.He is used to working at night.They teach the blind to read Braille.We should help the handicapped.He did not know what to say.Gladys learnt how to play the piano when she was quite young.I think he is right.I wonder if you’d like to go with us.4. 双宾语: 直接宾语+间接宾语. 有些及物动词, 如give, tell, show, pass, send, lend, bring, take, carry, teach, 可以有两个宾语. 一个指物, 叫直接宾语; 一个指人, 叫间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前.Lend me your pen-knife, please.Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the post office?I showed them some pictures of Guilin.I gave him my address.Miss Smith teaches us English.]Will you teach us how to swim?Can you tell me when the next train leaves?5. 如果直接宾语是人称代词, 就须在间接宾语之前加介词to, 并把这个带to 的间接宾语放在直接宾语之后.Do you see the hammer there? Hand it to me, please.I’ve got three tickets here. Please give them to LiPass / send / take / carry /teach / show / toMake / buy / draw / paint / cook / get / for6.复合宾语: 宾语+ 宾语补足语英语有些及物动词,除了要有一个直接宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语,句子的意义才算完整.宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语.复合宾语中的宾语和它的补足语在逻辑上有主语和谓语的关系.如:Call me John.I like to keep everything tidy.7.宾语补足语表示法在复合宾语中,能作宾语补足语的有名词和形容词,以及其他某些相当于名词和形容词的词语.现将复合宾语的各种形式举例说明如下:(1)名词或代词宾格+名词We make it our dining –room.We consider Mr. Collins a good friend.The government appointed him ambassador.They named the baby Jim.(2)名词或代词宾格+形容词They painted the wall white.Be sure to get everything ready by seven.I always find her happy and gay.Let’s keep our classroom clean.We’ll work hard to make our country strongI think it easy.She found it difficult to learn English well.(3)名词或代词宾格+介词短语The next morning I found him at his machine again.People praised him as a national hero.Make yourself at home.(4)名词或代词宾格+动词不定式We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again.Let’s go.The teacher helped him see his error.(5)名词或代词宾格+分词I heard somebody knocking at the door.They felt the train moving.He had his ankle sprained while playing football.This tape-recorder does not work. I will get it repaired in town.8.同源宾语: 有些不及物动词, 如live, die, sleep, smile, dream, fight, laugh,后可有一个与他同出一源意义相同的宾语.这样的宾语叫做同源宾语.这种宾语之前常有一定语所修饰.如:Dong Cun rui died a martyr’s death.His grandfather lived a happy life before death.Sleep a sound sleep / dream a happy dream.Exercise I 改写下列句子,去掉to 与for, 如果介词后面是名词,将其改为代词1. I sent a Christmas card to my parents.2. He’ll get some paper for me.3. Get an apple for me, please.4. Would you find a seat for my mother, please?5. Show your painting to my brother, please.6. I’m buying a ticket for Mary, too.7. Pass the butter to me, will you?8. My mother taught the piano to me when I was young.9. I owned a lot of money to his father.10. They’ve promised a rise in salary to all the staff.Exercise II. 挑出宾补, 并说明是什么词类或短语1.They painted the kitchen yellow.2.What make you think so?3.I watched my sister arrange some flowers.4.I had the TV fixed.5.They elected Wang monitor of the class.6.The children saw the policeman directing the traffic.7.We could hear somebody singing in the next room.8.I had my hair cut yesterday.9.They called the baby Cathy.10.I think the boy honest.11.I helped my mother clean the kitchen.12.We chose Li our representative.13.Do you want me to go? No, I like you to stay.14.Our teacher made difficult lessons easy to understand.15.The Wangs have kept us waiting half an hour already.宾语从句一．概念：在复合句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。

双宾语和宾语补足语的区别?英语中，有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。

句子结构为："主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语"。

如：My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑.用来说明宾语的部分叫做宾语补足语.什么时候会出现宾语补足语呢?当一个句子有了（主+谓+宾）后,句意仍不清楚,这时补充一部分,句意就清楚了.如果这部分和宾语之间有逻辑上的“主+谓”的关系.也就是说,假设用宾语作主语,与后面的内容重新组成一个句子,其意义与原句的意义相符合,这时这部分就是宾语补足语.如果与原句意义不相符合,就是“双宾语”.如：1.We call her?这时主谓宾都有了,但句意不清楚,加上Sister Li后就完整了.如果我们用宾语做主语,就可写成She is Sister Li.此时,意义与原句相符合,所以Sister Li就是宾语补足语.2.I shall give you这时句子有了主谓宾,意义不完整.加上a dog?就完整了.但我们不能说You are dog,所以这时a dog是直接宾语.you是间接宾语.双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示的行为的人.例如:They gave him a watch.这里的him 是间接宾语,a watch 是直接宾语,这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语.在英语中,有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整,还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作,这种“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语.We call him Jack .我们叫他杰克.这里him 是宾语,Jack 是宾语补足语They appointed him chairman.他们任命他为主席.这里的him是宾语,chairman 是宾语补足语.如何区分双宾语和复合宾语某些及物动词后面能跟双宾语（即：间接宾语＋直接宾语）或复合宾语（即：宾语＋宾语补足语）,这两种宾语的形式虽然相似,但结构与意义却不同.那么如何区分双宾语和复合宾语呢?（1）从动词上区分.一些动词后面常跟双宾语,这类动词有give, show, bring, read, pass, lend, tell, leave, teach, write, buy, sing等.例如：The teacher gives each of them an eraser．老师给他们每人一块橡皮. They teach us Chinese and we teach them English．他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语. The old man told us a story yesterday．那位老人昨天给我们讲了一个故事.一些动词后面常跟复合宾语,这类动词有let, see, watch, hear, help, feel, keep, call, make, find, tell, ask, think, want 等.例如：We must keep the classroom clean．我们必须保持教室清洁.He didn’t let me go．他不让我走.They call the bird“Polly”．他们叫这鸟“波利”.（2）从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分.在双宾语中,能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词.而在复合宾语中,能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多,如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）.例如：She showed us （ pron．） a new TV set（n．）．（双宾语）He gave Tom（n．） a piece of paper（n．）．（双宾语）We call him Lao Li（n．）．（复合宾语）Don’t keep the light on（adv．）．（复合宾语）They must keep their hands behind their backs（介词短语）．（复合宾语）I won’t let you try again（不定式短语）．（复合宾语）The other students in the class keep their eyes closed（过去分词）．（复合宾语）（3）从构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系上区分.在双宾语中,两个宾语间的关系比较松散,有的句子去掉其中一个宾语,句子仍然成立.双宾语一般表示“为谁（for sb．）或给谁（to sb．）……”,即“及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词＋直接宾语＋for sb．或to sb．”的结构.例如：Please show me your new book．→Please show your new book to me．请给我看看你的新书.She bought me some tomatoes．→She bought some to matoes for me．她给我买了一些西红柿.宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密,去掉其中一个成分,句子就不能成立或句意不完整.而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”；当不定式（短语）或分词（短语）作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”.例如：We made Tom monitor．（Tom is monitor．）We will make our country more beautiful．（Our country will be more beautiful．）You should keep your dog in．（Your dog should be in．）I found him in Room 201．（He was in Room 201．）He makes us work ten hours a day．（We work ten hours a day．）we heard her singing in the room．（She was singing in the room．）带双宾语动词记忆口诀带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。

跟双宾语与宾补结构的动词Verb:分为及物vt和不及物vi两种及物动词后面必须跟宾语。

有些动词后面常跟双宾语或复合宾语，复合宾语也就是宾补结构1.后面常跟双宾语结构的及物动词accord给予bring带来buy 买deny不给予grant同意给予、准许promise答应、允诺pass传递pay支付hand递leave留、交付teach tell throw wish希望write owe欠send送show展示return归还offer提供lend借给refuse拒绝take带去、带走He wrote his mother a check 他给母亲开了一张支票。

The general granted us permission to visit the military base 将军准许我们参观那个军事基地I have promised Susan the book by Monday 我己经答应周一前给苏珊那本书。

His friends accorded Tom their sincere thanks 他的朋友们对汤姆表示了诚挚的谢意。

注：1、双宾语结构经常可以引入介词to或for把间宾引出保留直宾而变成单宾语结构。

用to表示动作对谁而做，间宾是实际承受者；用for表示动作为谁而做，间宾是预定承受者。

用to的动词：allow bring cause give sell hand lend show offer owe pass promise pay read refuse return teach throw tell throw send take等用for的动词：book build buy call choose cook（bake boil fry）fetch find keep make find找到order save spare等2.后面带复合宾语，也就是宾补结构的及物动词1）宾语+名词构成的宾补结构appoint任命call称作choose选择designate 选派、授予elect选举count认为name称作、取名crown加冕find发现leave使keep 保持consider认为nominate提名等等They crowned him king 他们立他为国王。

【关键字】句子高中英语语法通霸2：简单句的五种基本结构主谓宾主系表双宾语复合宾语正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。

英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。

英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。

英语五种基本句型结构如下：主语谓语用符号表示为：①ＳＶ（主＋谓）②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）表语（predicative）考点1.基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。

如:It is raining now. (ＳＶ)We’ve worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ)The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ)Time flies. (ＳＶ)练习1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face.( )3.He is smiling all over his face. ( )4.I did well in English. ( )5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.( )考点2.基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。

She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.练习2.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

宾语一般用在及物动词的后面，表示行为动词所涉及的对象。

一. 名词作宾语Show your passport, please. 请出示护照。

二. 代词作宾语She didn't say anything. 她什么也没说。

三. 数词作宾语How many do you want? - I want two. 你要几个？－我要两个。

四. 名词化的形容词作宾语They sent the injured to hospital. 他们把伤员送到医院。

五. 不定式或ing形式作宾语They asked to see my passport. 他们要求看我的护照。

I enjoy working with you. 我和你们一道工作很愉快。

六. 从句作宾语Did you write down what he said? 你把他的话记下了没有？编辑本段语法1) 宾语的格：Ich packe meine Buecher in die Mappe. (第四格，最常见)我把书装进书包。

Ich helfe meiner Mutter. (动词宾语第三格)我帮妈妈的忙。

Wem gehoert das Fahrrad. (动词宾语第三格)这车是谁的？Hol bitte ein Bier aus dem Kuehlschrank. (介词宾语第三格，常见)请从冰箱拿一瓶啤酒来。

Dieses Gesetz bedarf der Zustimmung des Bundesrats. (动词宾语第二格，极罕见)此法律须联邦议会同意。

Des Geldes wegen arbeitet sie noch immer. (介词宾语第二格，常见)为了钱，她还得工作。

2) 宾语的复合形式：Ich schenke meiner Freundin einen Mantel. (间接/第三格宾语 + 直接/第四格宾语)我送了我女友一件大衣。

英语主谓宾结构讲解一、主谓宾结构的定义及重要性主谓宾结构是英语句子中最基本、最常见的句型，由主语、谓语和宾语构成。

这一结构在英语表达中具有至关重要的作用，它清晰地表达了动作的执行者、动作本身以及动作的承受者。

主谓宾结构有助于我们理解和传达句子的核心含义，使得语言交流更加简洁明了。

二、主谓宾结构的基本要素及其作用1. 主语：作为句子的核心，主语代表了动作的执行者或者是动作所作用的对象。

主语通常由名词、代词、名词短语、代词短语等词语来充当。

例如：“他”（代词）、“这本书”（名词）等。

2.谓语：谓语是用来表示动作或状态的词语。

它说明了主语所处的状况或所进行的动作。

谓语通常由及物动词（需带有直接宾语）、不及物动词（不带直接宾语）、系动词（需带有表达状态的表补成分）等词语来充当。

例如：“吃”（动词）、“变得”（动词）等。

3.宾语：宾语表示动作的承受者或者是与动作相关联的人或事物。

宾语通常由名词、代词等词语来充当。

例如：“蛋糕”（名词）、“快乐”（名词）等。

三、主谓宾结构在英语句子中的应用在英语句子中，主谓宾结构具有极高的灵活性。

通过变化主语、谓语和宾语的词语和形式，我们可以表达各种各样的意思和场景。

以下是一些例子：1. 他吃了蛋糕。

("He" 主语，表示动作执行者；"ate"谓语，表示动作；"the cake"宾语，表示动作承受者。

）2.这本书变得老旧了。

("This book" 主语，表示动作所作用的对象；"has become"谓语，表示状态；"old and worn out"宾语，表示状态。

）3.她们都喜欢跳舞。

("They" 主语，表示动作执行者；"like"谓语，表示动作；"dancing"宾语，表示与之相关联的人或事物。

高中英语语法通霸2：简单句的五种基本结构主谓宾主系表双宾语复合宾语正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。

英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。

英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。

英语五种基本句型结构如下：主语谓语用符号表示为：①ＳＶ（主＋谓）②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语 (adverbial) 补语（complement）表语（predicative）考点1.基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。

如:It is raining now. (ＳＶ)We’ve worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ)The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ)Time flies. (ＳＶ)练习1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )3.He is smiling all over his face. ( )4.I did well in English. ( )5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.( )考点2.基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。

She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.练习2.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。