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2021年《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(2)

2021年《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(2)

青年人的四种选择Lesson 2 Four Choices for Young People

在毕业前不久,斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆?宾司给我写了一封信,信中谈及他的一些不安。

Shortly before his graduation,Jim Binns,president of the senior class at Stanford University,wrote me about some of his misgivings.

他写道:“与其他任何一代人比拟,我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑……同时越来越倾向于全盘否定成人世界。”

“More than any other generation,” he said,“our generation views the adult world with great skepticism… there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world.”

很明显,他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。

Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries.

在过去的几年里,我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话,他们有的还在大学读书,有的已经毕业,他们对于成人的世界同样感到不安。

During the last few years,I have listened to scores of young people,in college and out,who were just as nervous about the grown world.

大致来说,他们的态度可归纳如下:“这个世界乱糟糟的,到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。对此该负责的大概应是那些办理这个世界的成年人吧。如果他们不能做得比这些更好,他们又能拿什么来教育我们呢?这样的教导,我们根本不需要。”

Roughly,their attitude might be summed up about like this:“The world is in pretty much of a mess,full of injustice,poverty,and war. The people responsible are,presumably,the adults who have been running thing. If they can’t do better than that,what have they got to teach our generation?That kind of lesson we can do without.”

我觉得这些结论合情合理,至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。

There conclusions strike me as reasonable,at least from their point of view.

对成长中的一代人来说,相关的问题不是我们的社会是否完美(我们可以想当然地认为是这样),而是应该如何去应付它。

The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect (we can take that for granted),but how to deal with it.

尽管这个社会严酷而不合情理,但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界。

For all its harshness and irrationality,it is the only world we’ve got.

因此,选择一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必需作出的第一个决定,这通常是他们一生中最重要的决定。

Choosing a strategy to cope with it,then,is the first decision young adults have to make,and usually the most important decision of their lifetime.

按照我的发现,他们的基本选择只有四种:

So far as I have been able to discover,there are only four basic alternatives:

1)脱离传统社会

1)Drop Out

这是最古老的方法之一,任何年龄的人无论在任何地方,也无论是否使用迷幻剂都可以采用。

This is one of the oldest expedients,and it can be practiced anywhere,at any age,and with or without the use of hallucinogens.

那些认为这个世界残酷、复杂得令人难以忍受的人通常会选择这个办法。

It always has been the strategy of choice for people who find the world too brutal or too complex to be endured.

本色上,这是一种寄生式的生活方式,采取此策略的人通过这样或那样的方式寄生于这个他们蔑视的社会,并且拒绝对这个社会承担责任

By definition,this way of life is parasitic. In one way or another,its practitioners batten on the society which they scorn and in which they refuse to take any responsibility.

我们中的一些人对此很厌恶——认为这种生活方式很不但彩。

Some of us find this distasteful – an undignified kind of life.

但对于那些卑微、懒惰又缺乏自尊的人来说,这也许是可行的最可以忍受的选择了。

But for the poor in spirit,with low levels of both energy and pride,it may be the least intolerable choice available.

2)逃避现实社会

2)Flee

这个策略早在远古就有先例。

This strategy also has ancient antecedents.

自文明诞生以来,就有人企图逃避文明社会,希望寻求一种更为朴素、更富田园风情、更为安好的生活。

Ever since civilization began,certain individuals have tried to run away from it in hopes of finding a simpler,more pastoral,and more peaceful life.

与那些脱离传统社会的人不同,这些人不是寄生者。他们愿意白手起家,愿意为社会作出贡献,可是他们就是不喜欢这个文明世界的环境。确地说,不喜欢这充满丑恶和紧张的大都市。

Unlike the dropouts,they are not parasites. They are willing to support themselves and to contribute something to the general community,but they simply don’t like the environment of civilization;that is,the city,with all its ugliness and tension.

这种方法的问题在于无法大规模地进行实践。

The trouble with this solution is that it no longer is practical on a large scale.

不幸的是,在我们的地球上,高尚的野蛮人和未被破坏的自然景色已越来越少;除了两极地区以外已经没有未开发的土地了。

Our planet,unfortunately,is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscaped;except for the polar regions,the frontiers are gone.

少数富有的乡绅还可以逃避现实去过田园生活——但总的说来,迁移的潮流是向相反的标的目的流动。

A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life – but in general the stream of migration is flowing the other way.

3)策划革命

Plot a Revolution

在对民主进程单调乏味的运作方式毫无耐心或相信只有武力才能改变基本社会制度的那些人中,这一策略颇受欢迎。

This strategy is always popular among those who have no patience with the tedious working of the democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can only be changed by force.

它吸引了每一代年轻人中那些更为活跃和更具抱负主义的人。

It attracts some of the more active and idealistic young people of every generation.

对他们来说,这种策略具有浪漫的吸引力,通常以某位魅力不凡且令人振奋的人物为其象征。

To them it offers a romantic appeal,usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure.

这一策略简单明了并具有更大的吸引力:“既然这个社会已经无可救药,那就让我们砸碎它,在它的废墟上面建一个更好的社会。”

It has the even greater appeal of simplicity:“Since this society is hopelessly bad,let’s smash it and build something better on the ruins.”

我最好的伴侣中有些是革命者,他们中的一些人过得相当满足。

Some of my best friends have been revolutionists,and a few of them have led reasonably satisfying lives.

这部分人其实是那些革命并未成功的人,他们可以继续兴致勃勃地策划大搏斗,直至齿豁头童。

These are the ones whose revolutions did not come off;they have been able to keep on cheerfully plotting their holocausts right into their senescence.

别的一些人年纪轻轻就死了,死在监狱里或街垒旁。

Others died young,in prison or on the barricades.

但最不幸的是那些革命成功的人。

But the most unfortunate are those whose revolutions have succeeded.

他们极度失望,看到他们推翻的权力机构又被新机构所替代,而新机构依旧是那样冷酷,那样毫无生机。

They lived in bitter disillusionment,to see the establishment they had overthrown replaced by a new one,just as hard-faced and stuffy.

当然,我并不是说革命一无所成。

I am not,of course,suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing.

一些革命(美国革命,法国革命)确实将事情变得越来越好。

Some (The American Revolution,the French Revolution)clearly do change things for the better.

我只是想说革命无论成败,那些策划革命的革命者们都注定要失望。

My point is merely that the idealists who make the revolution are bound to be disappointed in either case.

因为胜利的曙光无论如何也不会照耀在他们梦想中的阿谁摆脱了人类一切卑劣的明媚的新世界上。

For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of,cleansed of all human meanness.

相反,它照在了一个熟悉的平庸的地方,这个地方仍旧需要食品杂货和污水排放。

Instead it dawns on a familiar,workaday place,still in need of groceries and sewage disposal.

无论贴着什么样的政治标签,革命后的国家都不是由激进的浪漫主义者来治理,而是由市场营销、卫生工程和办理官僚机构的专家来治理。

The revolutionary state,under whatever political label,has to be run-not by violent

romantics-but by experts in marketing,sanitary engineering,and the management of bureaucracies.

对一些决心改造社会,但同时又希望能找到一种比武装革命更可行的方法的抱负主义者来说,还有别的一种选择。

For the idealists who are determined to remake society,but who seek a more practical method than armed revolution,there remains one more alternative.

4)循序渐进,逐步改变社会

Try to Change the World Gradually,One Clod at a Time

乍一看,这一途径毫无吸引力。

At first glance,this course is far from inviting.

它缺乏魅力,并且见效很慢。

It lacks glamour. It promises no quick results.

它依靠劝说和民主决策这些令人恼火且不成靠的方法来实现。

It depends on the exasperating and uncertain instruments of persuasion and democratic decision making.

它需要耐心,可我们却总是缺乏耐心。

It demands patience,always in short supply.

它惟一的好处是有时这方法行得通——在这个特定的时间和地点,它比其他的任何策略都更有可能避免世界上的某些恶行。

About all that can be said for it is that it sometimes works – that in this particular time and place it offers a better chan ce for remedying some of the world’s outrages than any other available strategy.

至少历史事实似乎证明了这一点。

So at least the historical evidence seems to suggest.

我大学毕业的时候,我们这一代人也发现世界乱得一团糟。

When I was graduating from college,my generation also found the world in a mess.

几乎所有地方的经济机构都已崩溃,在美国几乎四分之一的人口失业。

The economic machinery had broken down almost everywhere:In this country nearly a quarter of the population was out of work.

一场大战似乎在所不免。

A major was seemed all too likely.

当时作为校报编纂,对这些我曾经猛烈地抗议过,像今天的学生积极分子一样。

As a college newspaper editor at that time,I protested against this just as vehemently as student activists are protesting today.

与此同时,我们这一代人渐渐发现改造世界有点像在亚平宁山区兵戈一样。你刚刚占领一条山脉,另一条山脉又在前方隐现。

At the same time,my generation was discovering that reforming the world is a little like fighting a military campaign in the Apennines,as soon as you capture one mountain range,another one looms just ahead.

当20世纪30年代的大问题刚刚勉强得到控制,新的问题又出现了——富足社会中出现的崭新问题,如种族平等,包管城市环境适于居住,应付各种陌生伪装下的战争等等。

As the big problems of the thirties were brought under some kind of rough control,new problems took their place –the unprecedented problems of an,affluent society,of racial justice,of keeping our cities from becoming uninhabitable,of coping with war in unfamiliar

guises.

最令人不安的是我们发现了人口爆炸这一问题。

Most disturbing of all was our discovery of the population explosion.

我们突然意识到我们这艘载人小飞船上的乘客数目大约每40年翻一倍。

It dawned on us rather suddenly that the number of passengers on the small spaceship we inhabit is doubling about every forty years.

只要地球上的人口持续地按这个可怕的速度增长,其他所有问题都将无法解决。

So long as the earth’s population keeps growing at this cancerous rate,all of the other problems appear virtually insoluble.

我们的城市会变得越来越拥挤,景色会变得更加杂乱,空气和水也会变得愈发肮脏。

Our cities will continue to become more crowded and noisome. The landscape will get more cluttered,the air and water even dirtier.

所有人的生活质量都会不竭恶化。

The quality of life is likely to become steadily worse for everybody.

如果过多的人必需为了争夺日益减少的食物份额和保存空间而争斗的话,战争的升级看来是无法避免的。

And warfare on a rising scale seems inevitable if too many bodies have to struggle for ever-dwindling shares of food and living space.

因此吉姆?宾司这代人要承担一项艰巨的任务。

So Jim Binns青年人的四种选择

Lesson 2:Four Choices for Young People

在毕业前不久,斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆?宾司给我写了一封信,信中谈及他的一些不安。

Shortly before his graduation,Jim Binns,president of the senior class at Stanford University,wrote me about some of his misgivings.

他写道:“与其他任何一代人比拟,我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑……同时越来越倾向于全盘否定成人世界。”

“More than any other generati on,” he said,“our generation views the adult world with great skepticism… there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world.”

很明显,他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。

Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries.

在过去的几年里,我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话,他们有的还在大学读书,有的已经毕业,他们对于成人的世界同样感到不安。

During the last few years,I have listened to scores of young people,in college and out,who were just as nervous about the grown world.

大致来说,他们的态度可归纳如下:“这个世界乱糟糟的,到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。对此该负责的大概应是那些办理这个世界的成年人吧。如果他们不能做得比这些更好,他们又能拿什么来教育我们呢?这样的教导,我们根本不需要。”

Roughly,their attitude might be summed up about like this:“The world is in pretty much of a mess,full of injustice,poverty,and war. The people responsible are,presumably,the adults who have been running thing. If they can’t do better than that,what have they got to teach our generation?That kind of lesson we can do without.”

我觉得这些结论合情合理,至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。

There conclusions strike me as reasonable,at least from their point of view.

对成长中的一代人来说,相关的问题不是我们的社会是否完美(我们可以想当然地认为是这样),而是应该如何去应付它。

The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect (we can take that for granted),but how to deal with it.

尽管这个社会严酷而不合情理,但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界。

For all its harshness and irrationality,it is t he only world we’ve got.

因此,选择一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必需作出的第一个决定,这通常是他们一生中最重要的决定。

Choosing a strategy to cope with it,then,is the first decision young adults have to make,and usually the most important decision of their lifetime.

按照我的发现,他们的基本选择只有四种:

So far as I have been able to discover,there are only four basic alternatives:

1)脱离传统社会

1)Drop Out

这是最古老的方法之一,任何年龄的人无论在任何地方,也无论是否使用迷幻剂都可以采用。

This is one of the oldest expedients,and it can be practiced anywhere,at any age,and with or without the use of hallucinogens.

那些认为这个世界残酷、复杂得令人难以忍受的人通常会选择这个办法。

It always has been the strategy of choice for people who find the world too brutal or too complex to be endured.

本色上,这是一种寄生式的生活方式,采取此策略的人通过这样或那样的方式寄生于这个他们蔑视的社会,并且拒绝对这个社会承担责任

By definition,this way of life is parasitic. In one way or another,its practitioners batten on the society which they scorn and in which they refuse to take any responsibility.

我们中的一些人对此很厌恶——认为这种生活方式很不但彩。

Some of us find this distasteful – an undignified kind of life.

但对于那些卑微、懒惰又缺乏自尊的人来说,这也许是可行的最可以忍受的选择了。

But for the poor in spirit,with low levels of both energy and pride,it may be the least intolerable choice available.

2)逃避现实社会

2)Flee

这个策略早在远古就有先例。

This strategy also has ancient antecedents.

自文明诞生以来,就有人企图逃避文明社会,希望寻求一种更为朴素、更富田园风情、更为安好的生活。

Ever since civilization began,certain individuals have tried to run away from it in hopes of finding a simpler,more pastoral,and more peaceful life.

与那些脱离传统社会的人不同,这些人不是寄生者。他们愿意白手起家,愿意为社会作出贡献,可是他们就是不喜欢这个文明世界的环境。确地说,不喜欢这充满丑恶和紧张的大都市。

Unlike the dropouts,they are not parasites. They are willing to support themselves and to contribute something to the general community,but they simply don’t like the environment of civilization;that is,the city,with all its ugliness and tension.

这种方法的问题在于无法大规模地进行实践。

The trouble with this solution is that it no longer is practical on a large scale.

不幸的是,在我们的地球上,高尚的野蛮人和未被破坏的自然景色已越来越少;除了两极地区以外已经没有未开发的土地了。

Our planet,unfortunately,is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscaped;except for the polar regions,the frontiers are gone.

少数富有的乡绅还可以逃避现实去过田园生活——但总的说来,迁移的潮流是向相反的标的目的流动。

A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life – but in general the stream of migration is flowing the other way.

3)策划革命

Plot a Revolution

在对民主进程单调乏味的运作方式毫无耐心或相信只有武力才能改变基本社会制度的那些人中,这一策略颇受欢迎。

This strategy is always popular among those who have no patience with the tedious working of the democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can only be changed by force.

它吸引了每一代年轻人中那些更为活跃和更具抱负主义的人。

It attracts some of the more active and idealistic young people of every generation.

对他们来说,这种策略具有浪漫的吸引力,通常以某位魅力不凡且令人振奋的人物为其象征。

To them it offers a romantic appeal,usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure.

这一策略简单明了并具有更大的吸引力:“既然这个社会已经无可救药,那就让我们砸碎它,在它的废墟上面建一个更好的社会。”

It has the even greater appeal of simplicity:“Since this society is hopelessly bad,let’s smash it and build something better on the ruins.”

我最好的伴侣中有些是革命者,他们中的一些人过得相当满足。

Some of my best friends have been revolutionists,and a few of them have led reasonably satisfying lives.

这部分人其实是那些革命并未成功的人,他们可以继续兴致勃勃地策划大搏斗,直至齿豁头童。

These are the ones whose revolutions did not come off;they have been able to keep on cheerfully plotting their holocausts right into their senescence.

别的一些人年纪轻轻就死了,死在监狱里或街垒旁。

Others died young,in prison or on the barricades.

但最不幸的是那些革命成功的人。

But the most unfortunate are those whose revolutions have succeeded.

他们极度失望,看到他们推翻的权力机构又被新机构所替代,而新机构依旧是那样冷酷,那样毫无生机。

They lived in bitter disillusionment,to see the establishment they had overthrown replaced by a new one,just as hard-faced and stuffy.

当然,我并不是说革命一无所成。

I am not,of course,suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing.

一些革命(美国革命,法国革命)确实将事情变得越来越好。

Some (The American Revolution,the French Revolution)clearly do change things for the better.

我只是想说革命无论成败,那些策划革命的革命者们都注定要失望。

My point is merely that the idealists who make the revolution are bound to be disappointed in either case.

因为胜利的曙光无论如何也不会照耀在他们梦想中的阿谁摆脱了人类一切卑劣的明媚的新世界上。

For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of,cleansed of all human meanness.

相反,它照在了一个熟悉的平庸的地方,这个地方仍旧需要食品杂货和污水排放。

Instead it dawns on a familiar,workaday place,still in need of groceries and sewage disposal.

无论贴着什么样的政治标签,革命后的国家都不是由激进的浪漫主义者来治理,而是由市场营销、卫生工程和办理官僚机构的专家来治理。

The revolutionary state,under whatever political label,has to be run-not by violent romantics-but by experts in marketing,sanitary engineering,and the management of bureaucracies.

对一些决心改造社会,但同时又希望能找到一种比武装革命更可行的方法的抱负主义者来说,还有别的一种选择。

For the idealists who are determined to remake society,but who seek a more practical method than armed revolution,there remains one more alternative.

4)循序渐进,逐步改变社会

Try to Change the World Gradually,One Clod at a Time

乍一看,这一途径毫无吸引力。

At first glance,this course is far from inviting.

它缺乏魅力,并且见效很慢。

It lacks glamour. It promises no quick results.

它依靠劝说和民主决策这些令人恼火且不成靠的方法来实现。

It depends on the exasperating and uncertain instruments of persuasion and democratic decision making.

它需要耐心,可我们却总是缺乏耐心。

It demands patience,always in short supply.

它惟一的好处是有时这方法行得通——在这个特定的时间和地点,它比其他的任何策略都更有可能避免世界上的某些恶行。

About all that can be said for it is that it sometimes works – that in this particular time and place it offers a better chance for remedying some of the world’s outrages than any other available strategy.

至少历史事实似乎证明了这一点。

So at least the historical evidence seems to suggest.

我大学毕业的时候,我们这一代人也发现世界乱得一团糟。

When I was graduating from college,my generation also found the world in a mess.

几乎所有地方的经济机构都已崩溃,在美国几乎四分之一的人口失业。

The economic machinery had broken down almost everywhere:In this country nearly a quarter of the population was out of work.

一场大战似乎在所不免。

A major was seemed all too likely.

当时作为校报编纂,对这些我曾经猛烈地抗议过,像今天的学生积极分子一样。

As a college newspaper editor at that time,I protested against this just as vehemently as student activists are protesting today.

与此同时,我们这一代人渐渐发现改造世界有点像在亚平宁山区兵戈一样。你刚刚占领一条山脉,另一条山脉又在前方隐现。

At the same time,my generation was discovering that reforming the world is a little like fighting a military campaign in the Apennines,as soon as you capture one mountain range,another one looms just ahead.

当20世纪30年代的大问题刚刚勉强得到控制,新的问题又出现了——富足社会中出现的崭新问题,如种族平等,包管城市环境适于居住,应付各种陌生伪装下的战争等等。

As the big problems of the thirties were brought under some kind of rough control,new problems took their place –the unprecedented problems of an,affluent society,of racial justice,of keeping our cities from becoming uninhabitable,of coping with war in unfamiliar guises.

最令人不安的是我们发现了人口爆炸这一问题。

Most disturbing of all was our discovery of the population explosion.

我们突然意识到我们这艘载人小飞船上的乘客数目大约每40年翻一倍。

It dawned on us rather suddenly that the number of passengers on the small spaceship we inhabit is doubling about every forty years.

只要地球上的人口持续地按这个可怕的速度增长,其他所有问题都将无法解决。

So long as the earth’s population keeps growing at this cancerous rate,all of the other problems appear virtually insoluble.

我们的城市会变得越来越拥挤,景色会变得更加杂乱,空气和水也会变得愈发肮脏。

Our cities will continue to become more crowded and noisome. The landscape will get more cluttered,the air and water even dirtier.

所有人的生活质量都会不竭恶化。

The quality of life is likely to become steadily worse for everybody.

如果过多的人必需为了争夺日益减少的食物份额和保存空间而争斗的话,战争的升级看来是无法避免的。

And warfare on a rising scale seems inevitable if too many bodies have to struggle for ever-dwindling shares of food and living space.

因此吉姆?宾司这代人要承担一项艰巨的任务。

So Jim Binns’generation has a formidable job on its hands.

但我认为这并不是无法克服的困难。

But not,I think,an insuperable one.

过去的事实证明,处理这项艰巨任务完全可采用以前解决困难问外时使用的方法——从实际效果出发,一点一滴,通过大家不懈的努力来完成。

On the evidence of the past,it can be handled in the same way that hard problems have been coped with before-piecemeal,pragmatically,by the dogged efforts of many people.

generation has a formidable job on its hands.

但我认为这并不是无法克服的困难。

But not,I think,an insuperable one.

过去的事实证明,处理这项艰巨任务完全可采用以前解决困难问外时使用的方法——从实际效果出发,一点一滴,通过大家不懈的努力来完成。

On the evidence of the past,it can be handled in the same way that hard problems have been coped with before-piecemeal,pragmatically,by the dogged efforts of many people.

高级英语2第三版unit2课文翻译+课后英译汉部分划线

Unit 2 Marrakech 马拉喀什见闻 1、As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later. 尸体被抬过去的时候,成群的苍蝇嗡嗡地飞离了餐馆的饭桌,尾随尸体去,几分钟后又嗡嗡地飞了回来。 —threade 2、The little crows of mourners - all me and boys, no women their way across the marker place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flied is that the corpses here are never put into coffins; they are merely wrapped in a piece of ray and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying- ground they hack an oblong hole afoot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth. Like a derelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried. 一支人数不多的送葬队伍- 其中老老小小全是男的,没有女人——挤过一堆堆的石榴,穿行在出租车和骆驼之间,迂回着穿过市场,嘴里还一遍遍地哀号着一支短促的悲歌。真正令苍蝇感兴趣的是这里的尸体从来都不装进棺材,而是只用一块破布裹着,放在一副粗糙的木制担架上,有死者的四位朋友抬去送葬。达到坟场后,朋友们首先挖出一块一两英尺深的长方形的坑,将尸体扔入坑中,再在上面丢一些像碎砖头一样的干土块。没有墓碑,没有留名,也没有任何身份标志,坟场只不过是一片巨大的如同一块废弃的建筑工地般土丘林立的荒原。一两个月之后,就谁也找不到自己亲人的坟墓之处了。 3、When you walk through a town like this - two hundred thousand in habita nts of whom at least twenty thousa nd own literally no thi ng except the rags they stand op in - when you see how the people live, and still more how easily they die, it is always difficult to believe that you are walk ing

(完整版)高级英语第二册课文翻译

高级英语第二册课文翻译 Unit1 Pub Talk and the King's English 酒吧闲聊与标准英语 亨利?费尔利 人类的一切活动中,只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊,而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流,不论其方式何等复杂,也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌,时而奔腾起伏,时而火花四射,时而热情洋溢,话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”,那定会大煞风景,使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论,不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上,真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲,但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了,插话的机会随之而失,他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧,我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解,他们只是临时凑到一起来的,彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂,或恋爱失败,或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿,但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样,虽然日夕相处,却从不过问彼此的私事,也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉,从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题,事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处,中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的,那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前,我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语,指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出,谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成,也有人怒斥,还有人则不以为然。最后,当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样,由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是,问题便解决了。不过,酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题,大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情,有些人便说起刻薄话来了,说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样,在五分钟内,大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里,“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时,总会遭到下层人民的抵制 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错,并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知,但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词,而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig,饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore);地里放牧着的牛叫cattle,席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf);Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet);calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语,我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜,自己出产的肉自己却吃不起,全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜,诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此,活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit

高级英语第二次课文需背诵翻译部分原文+译文

Lesson2 The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flies is that the corpses here are never put into coffins, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried.(翻译) 一小队送葬者——所有送葬者均为男子——迂回穿行于集贸市场,从一堆堆石榴以及出租汽车和骆驼间挤道而行,一边走一边悲痛地重复着一支短促的哀歌。四个朋友抬着一个薄薄的木制停尸架,上面放着一具破布包裹的尸体,苍蝇因而群起追逐。这里的人去世后尸体从不入殓。朋友们到了安葬场后,便在地上凿出一个一至两英尺深的长方形坑洞,将尸体往坑里一倒,再草草洒上一些像碎砖头一样的干土块。他们既不立墓碑,不刻名字,也不作任何标记。坟场只不过是一大片土丘林立的荒野,恰似废弃的建筑工地。一两个月过后,谁也说不准亲人究竟葬于何处。 When you go through the Jewish Quarters you gather some idea of what the medieval ghettoes were probably like. Under their Moorish Moorishrulers the Jews were only allowed to own land in certain restricted areas, and after centuries of this kind of treatment they have ceased to bother about overcrowding. Many of the streets are a good deal less than six feet wide, the houses are completely windowless, and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. Down the centre of the street there is generally running a little river of urine. 当你走过这儿的犹太人聚居区时,你就会知道中世纪犹太人区大概是个什么样子。在摩尔人的统治下,犹太人只能在划定的一些地区内保有土地。受这样的待遇经过了好几个世纪后,他们已经不再为拥挤不堪而烦扰了。这儿很多街道的宽度远远不足六英尺,房屋根本没有窗户,眼睛红肿的孩子随处可见,多的像一群群苍蝇,数也数不清。街上往往是尿流成河。 It is only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. But where the human beings have brown skins their poverty is simply not noticed. What does Morocco mean to a Frenchman? An orange grove or a job in Government service. Or to an Englishman? Camels, castles, palm trees, Foreign Legionnaires, brass trays, and bandits. One could probably live there for years without noticing that for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil. 正因如此,贫穷至极的亚非国家反倒成了旅游观光的胜地。没有谁会有兴趣到本地的贫困地区去作依次毫无价值的旅行。但在那些居住着褐色皮肤的人的地方,他们的贫困却根本没有人能注意大批。摩洛哥对于一个法国人来说意味着什么呢?无非是一个能买到橘子圆或者谋取一份政府差使的地方。对于一个英国人呢?不过是骆驼、城堡、棕榈树、外籍兵团、黄铜盘子和匪徒等富于浪漫色彩的字眼而已。就算是在那儿呆过多年的人也未必会注意得到,对于当地百分之九十的居民来说,现实生活只意味着永无休止、劳累至极的斗争,其目的是从贫瘠的土壤中费力地弄出点吃的来。

(完整版)高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中,只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊,而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流,不论其方式何等复杂,也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌,时而奔腾起伏,时而火花四射,时而热情洋溢,话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”,那定会大煞风景,使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论,不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上,真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲,但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了,插话的机会随之而失,他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧,我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解,他们只是临时凑到一起来的,彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂,或恋爱失败,或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿,但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样,虽然日夕相处,却从不过问彼此的私事,也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉,从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题,事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处,中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的,那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前,我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语,指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出,谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成,也有人怒斥,还有人则不以为然。最后,当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样,由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是,问题便解决了。不过,酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题,大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情,有些人便说起刻薄话来了,说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样,在五分钟内,大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里,“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时,总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错,并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知,但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词,而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig,饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore);地里放牧着的牛叫cattle,席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf);Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet);calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语,我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜,自己出产的肉自己却吃不起,全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜,诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此,活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示,而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时,我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想,新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言,从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时,他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。 那晚闲聊过后,第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说:

高级英语第二册句子翻译

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