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英语诗歌鉴赏chapter45Chapter 4 John MiltonAlliteration(头韵): Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound within a line or a group of words, as in these two lines from “Helen”:The weary, wayworn wanderer boreTo his own native shore.In poetry, alliteration can be a good musical device to achieve sound effect, and it is often used with rhyme and other sound devices.Assonance(元音韵): Assonance is the repetition of similar vowel sounds situated in a sentence, a verse line or a series of words, for example, “as deep as the sea”. Like alliteration, assonance is often employed to please the ear and to emphasize certain sounds.Consonance(辅音韵): Consonance is the repetition of final consonants but with different preceding vowels, e.g. heart/light, flag/plug. Unlike alliteration and assonance, consonance can serve as end rhyme.On His BlindnessJohn Milton (1608-1674)When I consider how my light is spent1Ere half my days2 in this dark world and wideAnd that one talent3 which is death to hideLodged with me useless,4 though my soul more bentTo serve therewith5 my Maker, and presentMy true account,6 lest he returning chide;"Doth God exact7 day labor, light denied?"I fondly8 ask. But Patience,9 to preventThat murmur, soon replies,. "God doth not needEither man's work or his own gifts.10 Who bestBear his mild yoke,11 they serve him best. His stateIs kingly; thousands at his bidding speed,.And post12 o'er land and ocean without rest;They also serve who only stand and wait.13Notes1.light is spent: This clause presents a double meaning: (a) how I spend my days, (b) how it is that my sight is used up.2.Ere half my days: Before half my life is over. Milton was completely blind by 1652, the year he turned 44.3.talent: See Line 3: Key to the Meaning./doc/6e1033773.html,eless: Unused.5.therewith: By that means, by that talent; with it6.account: Record of accomplishment; worth7.exact: Demand, require8.fondly: Foolishly, unwisely9.Patience: Milton personifies patience, capitalizing it and having it speak.10.God . . . gifts: God is sufficient unto Himself. He requires nothing outside of Himself to exist and be happy.11. yoke: Burden, workload.12. post: Travel.米里顿：目盲自咏世茫茫兮，我目已盲。
中英文诗歌的特色《英文诗歌》英语诗歌的韵律dasha英诗节奏(Rhythm)构成英诗节奏的基础是韵律(metre)。
在希腊语中，“metre”这个字是“尺度(标谁)”的意思。
英诗就是根据诗行中的音节和重读节奏作为“尺度(标准)”来计算韵律的。
英诗的特点之一是与其他文体不同的排列格式。
各诗行不达到每页页边，每行开始词首大写。
几行成为一节(stanza)，不分段落。
各行都要讲究一定的音节数量，行末押韵或不押韵，交错排列。
……音节重读(stressed)，非重读(unstressed)。
……这就是一种正规的重读形式，在诗歌中即体现为韵律。
研究诗歌韵律规则的科学叫作韵律学(Prosody)。
1．音步(Foot)：英诗中这种重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。
一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节，但不能少于两个或多于三个音节，而且其中只有一个必须重读。
分析英诗的格律就是将它划分成音步，并区分出是何种音步以及计算音步的数量。
这种音步划分叫scansion。
根据一首英诗组成的音步数量，每一诗行一个音步称“单音步”(monometer)；每一诗行有两个音步的，称“双音步”(dimeter)；含有三个音步的，称“三音步”(trimeter)；此外还有四音步(tetrameter）、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octometer)。
Is this | a fast, | to keqpThe lard | or leanAnd clean? (Herrick)2．韵律(Metre)：英诗的韵律是依据音步包含音节的数量及重读音节的位置而加以区分的。
传统英诗的音步有六种：即抑扬格(Lambus)、扬抑格(Trochee)、抑抑扬格(Anapaest)、扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及抑扬抑格(Amphibrach)：(Anapaest)、扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及抑扬抑格(Amphibrach)：“⌒”非重读音节；“／”重读音节。
刘禹锡《陋室铭》英文版An Eulogium on a Humble CellA mount needs not be high; it becomes noted when on it fairiesdwell.A body of water needs not be deep; it would be ensouled, if a dragonmakes it its resting whereabouts.This hut of mine is a humble one, but I make it virtuously fragrant inrepute.The green moss creeping on the stepping stones and the verdure in the courtyard peeing through the screen do tell the presence of spring. Here could be heard the table-talks and laughters of renowned scholars, but the rough and gross come not hither their wares to sell. Here plain table-heptachord could be plucked and golden classics read the worldly cares to quell. But there are without riotous strings and pipes to confuse the ears, and tedious official documents to ring quietude's knell.Zhuge's recluse cottage at Nanyang and Yang Xiong's hermit arbour in West Shu, — according to Confucius, wherefore could either one ofthem be branded as a humble cell?刘禹锡《陋室铭》英文版山不在高，有仙则名。
中外文学比较与鉴赏自古以来，诗歌是表达作者情绪和艺术精神表达最好的载体。
下面我讲通过比较纳兰容若的诗词风格与雪莱最著名的《西风颂》来探寻中外抒情诗人的相同与差别。
所谓文学的审美理想是指作家在创作过程中自觉遵守的诸种创作标准与价值追求。
文学创作是极为复杂的精神活动，作家的各种知识、观念、情感、意愿都要参与其中，社会生活的各种普遍原则、规定、习惯、风俗也会通过作家的意识而参与其中。
从比较文学的角度看，中外文学的审美理想既是相似的，又各自具有不同的表现形式。
纳兰容若落拓无羁的性格，以及天生超逸脱俗的秉赋，加之才华出众，功名轻取的潇洒，与他出身豪门，钟鸣鼎食，入值宫禁，金阶玉堂，平步宦海的前程，构成一种常人难以体察的矛盾感受和无形的心理压抑。
加之爱妻早亡，后续难圆旧时梦，以及文学挚友的聚散，使他无法摆脱内心深处的困惑与悲观。
对职业的厌倦，对富贵的轻看，对仕途的不屑，使他对凡能轻取的身外之物无心一顾，但对求之却不能长久的爱情，对心与境合的自然合谐状态，他却流连向往。
在纳兰性德的诗词中，写景状物关于水、荷尤其多。
首先其别业就名为“渌水亭”。
无论目前关于渌水亭所在地点的争议怎样，无论它是在京城内什刹海畔，还是在西郊玉泉山下，亦或在其封地皂甲屯玉河之浜，都没能离开一个水字。
是一处傍水的建筑，或是有水的园囿。
对于水，纳兰性德是情有独钟的。
中国传统文化中，把水认作有生命的物质，认为是有德的。
并用水之德比君子之德。
滋润万物，以柔克刚，川流不息，从物质性理的角度赋与其哲学的内涵。
这一点被纳兰性德这位词人尤为看重。
纳兰性德的诗词中，对荷花的吟咏，描述很多。
以荷花来比兴纳兰公子的高洁品格，是再恰当不过的。
出污泥而不染是文人雅士们崇尚的境界。
它起始于佛教的有关教义，把荷花作为超凡脱俗的象征。
而在中国传统文化中，把梅、竹、兰、菊“四君子”和松柏、荷花等人格化，赋予人的性格、情感、志趣，使其具有了特定的文化内涵和哲学意蕴。
郑板桥的竹、金农的梅、曹雪芹的石，都成了寄托文人心态、情感的文化图腾。
【导语】英语诗歌是⼀个包含丰富社会⽣活内容、语⾔艺术和⽂化内涵的世界,是基础英语教学的⼀块很有潜⼒的教学资源。
下⾯是由带来的中英⽂诗歌欣赏，欢迎阅读!【篇⼀】关于中英⽂诗歌欣赏 A Song for the Night Daniel Henry Deniehy ?O the Night, the Night, the solemn Night, When Earth is bound with her silent zone, And the spangled sky seems a temple wide, Where the star-tribes kneel at the Godhead's throne; O the Night, the Night, the wizard Night, When the garish reign of day is o'er, And the myriad barques of the dream-elves come In a brightsome fleet from Slumber's shore! O the Night for me, When blithe and free, Go the zephyr-hounds on their airy chase; When the moon is high In the dewy sky, And the air is sweet as a bride's embrace! O the Night, the Night, the charming Night! From the fountain side in the myrtle shade, All softly creep on the slumbrous air The waking notes of the serenade; While bright eyes shine 'mid the lattice-vines, And white arms droop o'er the sculptured sills, And accents fall to the knights below, Like the babblings soft of mountain rills. Love in their eyes, Love in their sighs, Love in the heave of each lily-bright bosom; In words so clear, Lest the listening ear And the waiting heart may lose them. O the silent Night, when the student dreams Of kneeling crowds round a sage's tomb; And the mother's eyes o'er the cradle rain Tears for her baby's fading bloom; O the peaceful Night, when stilled and o'er Is the charger's tramp on the battle plain, And the bugle's sound and the sabre's flash, While the moon looks sad over heaps of slain; And tears bespeak On the iron cheek Of the sentinel lonely pacing, Thoughts which roll Through his fearless soul, Day's sterner mood replacing. O the sacred Night, when memory comes With an aspect mild and sweet to me, But her tones are sad as a ballad air In childhood heard on a nurse's knee; And round her throng fair forms long fled, With brows of snow and hair of gold, And eyes with the light of summer skies, And lips that speak of the days of old. Wide is your flight, O spirits of Night, By strath, and stream, and grove, But most in the gloom Of the Poet's room Ye choose, fair ones, to rove. ⿊夜啊⿊夜，庄严的夜， ⼤地沉⼊寂静的世界， 灿烂的天空像恢宏的圣殿， 星星的族类朝着神坛跪拜参谒; ⿊夜啊⿊夜，魔幻的夜， 耀眼的⽩昼不再肆虐， 梦幻精灵扬起⽆数⽩帆， 船队驶离睡眠海岸冰清⽟洁! 啊，欢乐、⾃由我的夜， 驾驭清风去天际追猎; 空⽓如新娘的拥抱⼀样甜蜜， 滴露的夜空挂起⼀轮明⽉! ⿊夜啊⿊夜，迷⼈的夜， 长春花丛中喷泉倾泻， 在催眠的氛围⾥温柔流淌， ⼩夜曲奏响，振奋、激越。
U4短语1. an expression of one's will(P43) 意愿的表达2. a lecture transcript 演讲稿3. give a poetry recital 举办一场诗歌朗诵会4. a significant form of literature 一种重要的文学形式5. the fallen flowers 落花6. hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想，把握梦想7. a broken－winged bird 折断翅膀的鸟8. (be) frozen with snow 被雪冻住了9. hesitate about(P44) 对……犹豫不决10. better understand and appreciate poems 更好地理解和欣赏诗歌11. a bination of “sound” and “sense” “声音”和“意义”的结合12. a deeper meaning beyond the words 超越字面意义的更深层含义13. reveal this hidden dimension 揭示这个隐藏的含义14. beyond one's grasp 某人无法理解15. read aloud 大声朗读16. repeated words 重复的单词17. special effects 特别效果；特效18. lead sb to … 引导某人……19. an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape 一个探索陌生风景的探险家20. the caged bird(P45) 笼中鸟21. sing with a fearful trill 用可怕的颤音唱歌22. long for 渴望23. struggle to do sth 争取做某事，努力做某事24. interpret the meaning of a poem解读诗歌的意义25. with much painstaking effort 经过艰苦的努力26. a lifelong job 终身工作27. go on a journey to … 去……旅行28. make one's great discovery 有重大发现29. fill up with snow 积满雪，银装素裹30. abandon logical thinking 放弃逻辑思维31. perceive another level of meaning 感知另一层含义32. be worth one's effort 值得努力，值得一试33. the everlasting beauty 永恒的美34. have a dialogue in one's head with the author(P46) 在脑海中与作者进行对话35. relate … to … 把……与……联系起来36. build up 逐步增长，逐步建立，增进37. form one's own opinion 形成某人自己的意见38. (be) covered with mist(P47) 笼罩着薄雾39. the hidden beauty of simple and ordinary things 简单平凡的事物所隐藏的美40. out of place 不在正确的位置；格格不入；不相称，不适当，不适时41. stick out 伸出；探出；显眼；坚持到底，忍耐到底42. solve a riddle 解谜43. a treasure map 藏宝图44. look … up in the dictionary 查字典45. that is to say 也就是说，即46. an introduction to Romantic poetry(P48) 浪漫主义诗歌介绍/概论47. a cultural movement 文化运动48. the mid－19th century 19世纪中叶49. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事50. follow rigid rules 遵守死板的规则51. put emphasis on … 强调，重视；把重点放在……52. lie in … 在于……53. undergo a process 经历一个过程54. Romantic poets 浪漫主义诗人55. be pleased with … 对……满意/喜欢56. the improvements in science 科学的进步57. advocate (doing) sth 提倡(做)某事58. go back to nature 回归自然59. celebrate the beauty of nature 歌颂大自然之美60. a mon theme 常见的主题61. explore the world of emotion 探索情感世界62. experiment with … (P49) 以/对……做试验63. natural scenes 自然风光，自然场景64. be filled with 充满着65. rich sensory details 丰富的感官细节66. one of the leading poets 杰出的诗人之一67. be perfect for … 非常适合……68. receive one's degree 获得学位69. close friends 亲密的朋友，密友70. have a huge impact on … 对……有巨大影响71. a collection of poems 诗集72. mark the start of the Romantic era 标志着浪漫时代的开始73. return to nature 回归自然，返璞归真74. make all the difference(P50) 结果大不相同75. writing style(P51) 写作风格76. stand for 代表，表示；支持；主张77. take the difficult path 走艰难的路78. PPT slides PPT幻灯片79. give the outline of the lecture 给出讲课提纲80. stress a certain word 强调某个词81. (be) faced with 面对，面临着82. have no choice but to do sth 除了做某事别无选择，不得不做某事83. make a decision 做决定84. get … across to sb(P52) 把……向某人说清楚85. a poetry review 诗评86. the symbolic meaning of the words 词语的象征意义87. one's personal experience 某人的个人经历88. in one's opinion 在某人看来89. from one's point of view 在某人看来，依某人之见，从某人的角度看90. in one's eyes 在某人看来；在某人眼里91. in a clear way 以明确的方式92. reach out for(P53) 伸手去够，伸手去拿93. for fear of 为了避免，唯恐94. in one's teenage years 在青少年时期95. striking imagination 惊人的想象力96. display signs of a romantic style 展示浪漫风格的迹象97. from an early age 从小，从很小的时候98. at the age of ten 10岁时99. familiarize sb with sth 使某人熟悉某物100. acquire the wisdom of previous generations 汲取前人的智慧101. (be) driven by a burning desire for … 被强烈的……欲望驱使102. nourish one's love of nature 培养对大自然的热爱之情103. inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事104. write numerous poems 写了许多诗105. be deeply rooted in 深深扎根于106. the social and historical context 社会历史背景107. in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty 在唐朝最辉煌的时期，在盛唐时期108. a time of economic boom and social stability(P54) 经济繁荣和社会稳定的时期109. this open and tolerant atmosphere 这种开放和宽容的氛围110. allow sb sth 给予，提供某人某物111. develop a free and unconstrained personality 养成了自由不羁的个性112. in turn 继而，转而，反过来；依次，轮流地113. given one's personal experiences 考虑到某人的个人经历114. the historical background 历史背景115. the most uninformed reader 最无知的读者，最没有文化的读者116. the figures in legends 传说中的人物；传奇人物117. a vehicle for one's imagination 某人想象力的载体118. breathe vitality into the lifeless objects 给无生命的物体注入活力119. distinguish … from … 使……区别于……120. be inseparable from … 与……息息相关121. be cast into the mirror 被投射在镜子里122. mastery of language 语言的掌握123. be widely recognized as 被广泛认可为124. the greatest romantic poet 最伟大的浪漫主义诗人125. owe a debt to … 欠……的情126. inspirational poems 启发灵感的诗歌；励志诗127. one such poet 一个这样的诗人128. a 20th－century American poet 20世纪的美国诗人129. be fascinated by … 对……着迷130. countless readers 无数读者131. at dawn 黎明时分，拂晓时132. (be) crowned with cloud 满天云彩133. read with a full, clear voice(P55)用饱满、清晰的声音朗读134. read with emotion 动情地朗读，有感情地读135. body language 身势语，肢体语言136. blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人137. deal in lies 用谎言去应付谎言(以牙还牙)138. give way to 让自己陷于(某种情绪等)；屈服于139. this timeless art form(P56) 这种永恒的艺术形式140. from different perspectives 从不同的角度。
中英文对照外国诗歌鉴赏(2)Continuous as the stars that shine 不断地像发光的星斗And twinkle on the milky way, 闪烁在银河中，They stretch'd in never-ending line 无涯无际地延伸Along the margin of a bay: 在海湾之滨;Ten thousand saw I at a glance 一瞥间，我看到成千上万的水仙，Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. 摇晃着它们的小脑袋快乐地起舞。
(3)The waves beside them danced, but they 海水在它们的身旁澎湃，Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:--- 但它们比闪耀的海波更为愉快：-A poet could not but be gay 诗人不得不由衷欣喜In such a jocund company! 在这样愉悦的友伴之中!I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought 我看了又看-可是很少想到What wealth the show to me had brought; 这景象带给我多么宝贵的财富;(4)For oft, when on my couch I lie 在心境空虚或沉思之际，In vacant or in pensive mood, 我常仰卧在沙发上，They flash upon that inward eye 它们掠过我的心灵Which is the bliss of solitude; 那是我孤寂中的无上喜乐;And then my heart with pleasure fills, 于是，我心充满喜悦，And dances with the daffodils. 与水仙共享舞足之乐。
