2018年高考英语二轮复习：专题一 语法知识 第三讲含答案

专题一单项填空注：由于个别题目涉及两个考点，故2016、2015均出现15个小题，16个考点的现象。

(对应学生用书第1页)[题型攻略]单项填空往往只是由一、两句话构成的一个微情景，都是在真实的情景中考查对词汇、语法的掌握情况以及对语句、语境的理解。

每一个单项填空题都是一个小小的语言世界，五脏俱全，各种语法穿插其中，真可谓是“步步有陷阱”。

然而做单项填空题还是有章可循，有法可依的。

攻略1化简法高考命题为了增加句子的难度，命题人常将起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语混在句子中，有意给学生造成理解和判断上的困难。

如：I think/suppose/believe，do you think/suppose/believe, you know, of course等。

学生在答题时可以采取用括号删除这些干扰项的方法，使句子变得更加简单，从而更容易地选出正确答案。

[典例1](2015·江苏高考卷)________Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.A．That B．Why C．Where D．How[点拨]句意：中国伟大的诗人李白出生在什么地方是众所皆知的，但是有些人就是不肯接受这个事实。

a great Chinese poet是插入语，如果去掉的话，句子结构就非常明朗，前面的Where Li Bai was born就是主语从句在句中作主语。

故选C[典例2](2016·江苏高考卷)More efforts，as reported，________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A．are made B．will be made C．are being made D．have been made [点拨]句意：正如报道的那样，未来几年会做出更大的努力来加强供给侧结构性改革。

题型组合练(三)Ⅰ.单项填空1．—ThankyouforyourKindle.I’llaskTonytotakeitbacktoyousoon.—.I’veboughtanewone.(2017·南开区四模，1)A．Nosense B．NohurryC．Noway D．Nouse答案 B解析nosense没感觉；nohurry不用着急；noway没门；nouse没有用。

根据“I’veboughtanewone.”可知选B。

2．Thestatementthatpeoplemustarriveatschool10minutesaheadofthebeginningofthefir stclassbothteachersandtheschoolheadmaster.A．goesagainst B．comesatC．appealsto D．goesfor答案 D解析句意为：第一节上课前十分钟必须到校的申明同时适用于教师和校长。

gofor意为“适用于”。

3．ItismehowyouandOscarcanshareanapartmentforsolong.You’retidywhilehe’ssomess y.A．against B．withC．beyond D．for答案 C解析句意为：你怎么能和奥斯卡同住一间公寓这么长时间，我真搞不懂。

你很爱干净而他却很邋遢。

beyondme超出我的理解范围，我无法理解。

故选C。

4．AsaChinesesayinggoes，amountainbetoohighoranoceantoodeep.Therefore，thereisnoendtoourself­improvement.(2016·天津一中月考，28)A．shallnever B．willeverC．cannever D．mustever答案 C解析句意为：正如一句中国的古话所说的那样：山不厌高，海不厌深。

课堂巩固训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·湖北荆门调研)Ifthatincident________(nothappen)，Iwouldn’thavemadenewfriendsinh ighschoolandmetthepeoplewhoaremybestfriendsnow.解析：句意为：如果没有发生那件事，在高中我不会交新朋友，也不会遇见现在我最好的朋友。

本题考查虚拟语气。

根据上下文逻辑可知设空处表示的行为与过去事实相反，故填hadn’thappened。

答案：hadn’thappened2．(2017·河北唐山一次调研)Knowinghisson’sdeathcould________(avoid) ifhehadonlycalledthedoctor，healwaysfelthewasguilty.解析：句意为：得知但凡他请了医生他儿子的死就可以避免，他总是感到很内疚。

hisson’sdeath 与avoid为被动关系，故设空处需用被动语态；设空处表示过去的事情，设空处前为情态动词，故需用“情态动词＋havebeen＋过去分词”形式，因此填havebeenavoided。

答案：havebeenavoided3．(2017·山东师大附中二模) Iwasdelightedandwasabouttoacceptherproposalwhenshesuggestedwefirst________(go) totheWestLakeandwalkalongtheBrokenBridge.解析：句意为：我非常高兴，刚要接受她的提议，这时她建议我们先去西湖游览断桥。

本题考查虚拟语气。

suggest“建议”后加宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词需用should＋动词原形，should可以省略，故填go或shouldgo。

答案：go/shouldgo4．(2017·江西新余一中、宜春一中联考)Youmightfeelasifyou________(be) inafairytale.解析：句意为：你可能感觉好像身处童话之中。

实用标准文档文案大全2018届二轮复习短文语法填空模拟训练10篇汇聚之三【1】Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia's biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top 61 (attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 63(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 64my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s，65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-pluspandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，70 other is with mum—she never suspects. 错误!61.答案attraction解析考查词性转换之动词变为名词。

语法项目五│非谓语动词1.(2017·江苏，21)Many Chinese brands，________their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.A.having developedB.being developedC.developedD.developing2.(2016·江苏，28)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.A.to hideB.hiddenC.hidingD.being hidden3.(2015·江苏，24)Much time ________ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A.being spentB.having spentC.spentD.spending1.A[句意：“发展了几个世纪，许多中国品牌正在面临现代市场的新挑战。

”Chinese brands 与develop构成主动关系，可将答案锁定在A与D之中；由于非谓语动词develop与谓语动词face之间存在时间先后关系，且发生于谓语动词之前，故选A。

]2.B[句意：“在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。

”句中message与hide是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后臵定语。

]3.C[句意：“大部分时间坐在办公桌前，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。

”time 与spend之间构成被动关系，另外该题实际考查了非谓语动词的独立主格结构。

]1.非谓语动词的句法功能2.分词作状语形式的选择3.下列动词(短语)后跟带to的不定式作宾补advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，intend，invite，like，love，order，persuade，prefer，require，teach，tell，want，warn，wish，wait for，call on，depend on等4.下列动词(短语)只能用不定式作宾语decide/determine，attempt，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，care，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help，afford，happen，wait等5.下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语consider(考虑)，suggest/advise，excuse/pardon，admit，delay，fancy，avoid，miss，keep，practice，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate，forbid，imagine，tolerate，risk，mind，allow/permit，escape等。

第三节题组训练A(2017·河北区一模)Afterbeingbornattheendof1932，MrCameronSeniorsufferedalotwithbothlegsshortenedbelowthekneeandhisfeettwisted.H ewentundernumerousoperationstoeasehispain，andeventuallybothlimbs(下肢) hadtobecutoff.Butdespitehisdisabilityandlaterlosingthesightinoneeye，MrCameronSeniorstillgainedasuccessfulcareerasastockbroker(股票经纪人)．AftermovingtoEnglandfromScotlandasachild，hemarriedMaryandthecoupleraisedfourchildrenatthefamilyhomeinPeasemore，Berks.Inaninterviewwith TheDailyTelegraph twoyearsago，theToryleaderdescribedtheexperienceofgrowingupwithafatherwithadisability.Hetold howoncetheywereonholidayinCornwall，heoverheardsomeonerudelysaying：“Thatguy’swearingfunnyboots.”MrCameron(英国前任首相卡梅伦) saidhethoughttohimself，“T hat’sodd，nooneeversaysthat.”InanITVinterviewbeforethegeneralelection，MrCameronsaidofhisfather，“He’sanamazinglybravemanbecausehewasbornwithnoheels—quiteadisability.Buttheg lasswithhimwashalf-full，normallywithsomethingalcoholic，IthinkIgotmysenseofoptimismfromhim.”MrCameronalsoappearedwithhisparentsataneventandsaidthattheyunderstoodhiside afor“ABigSociety”．“TheyshowedmehowabigsocietycouldworkeverydayIwasgrowingup，”hesaid，“Iknowwhataremyresponsibilities.”MrCameronSenior’sdisabilityisnotthoughttohaveplayedanypa rtinhisdeathaged77.Fri endssaidhewas“soproud”toseehissonbecomePrimeMinisterinMay，andhadvisited10DowningStreetandChequers.However，thefamily’svariousholidayplansmeantthathedidnotgettomeethislatestgranddaughter Florence，whowasdeliveredtothePM’swifeSamanthalastm onth.1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．ThelifeandcharacterofMrCameronSenior.B．Ahugeherofigureintheeyesofson.C．ThenewlyelectedPrimeMinister.D．Adisabledfatherandhiscareer.答案 B解析主旨大意题。

第十讲形容词与副词考点1形容词与副词的语境辨析1．OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs’death，smart-phonesdefeated________PCsinsales.(2017·江苏，29) A．controversial B．contradictoryC．confidential D．conventional答案 D解析考查形容词词义辨析。

句意为：仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年之后，智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。

语境提到smart-phones(智能手机)，与之对应的PCs(personalcomputers)应该用形容词conventional修饰，表示“传统的”。

controversial有争议的；contradictory自相矛盾的；confidential机密的。

故选D。

2．Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.But________exp lanationsarehardtofind.(2017·江苏，34)A．alternative B．aggressiveC．ambiguous D．apparent答案 A解析考查形容词词义辨析。

句意为：恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞，但也难以找到别的解释。

空格处与前面的“未必”(notnecessarily)呼应，这里用alternative表示“另外的，可替代的”。

aggressive好斗的，挑衅的；ambiguous模棱两可的，不明确的；apparent显而易见的，明白的。

3．—IwanttoseeMrWhite.Wehaveanappointment.—I’msorry，butheisnot________atthemoment，forthemeetinghasn’tended.(2017·天津，3) A．busy B．activeC．concerned D．available答案 D解析考查形容词词义辨析。

第三讲形容词和副词句子成分切莫忘Ⅰ示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用1．(2017·浙江卷6月)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ____________ (shine) object.shiny/shining解析：根据空格后的object可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining。

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ____________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.fairly解析：修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词。

3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.____________________steady→steadily解析：grow是谓语动词，故用副词修饰。

4．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.____________________seriously→serious解析：problem为名词，前面应用形容词修饰。

5．(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)There are plenty of jobs availably in the western part of the country.____________________availably→available解析：修饰名词jobs应用形容词，availably是副词。

2018届高考英语二轮专题复习语法部分情态动词用法归类情态动词用法归类（一）表达“情感、态度、语气”等方面的情态动词1. must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法：(1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须……，得……，要……”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。

另外，must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。

must表示一种主观的需要，而have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don’ have to。

-What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?--Well, it ______ be big--that's not important.A. mustn'tB. needn'tC. can'tD. won't(2) must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。

例如：When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matchesA. wouldn'tB. needn'tC. mustn'tD. daren't(3) must用于条件句或疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。

例如：①—May I smoke here ?—If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.A. shouldB. couldC. mayD. must②John, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour? A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need2. should(1) should应该，表示“责任和义务”。