离合器总成详解

简述离合器的工作过程离合器是汽车动力传动系统中的重要部件，它的主要作用是在发动机和变速器之间实现传动连接与分离。

离合器的工作过程可以分为离合、瞬时分离和连合三个阶段。

1.离合：当汽车发动机运转时，输出轴与传动轴相连，在离合器连杆轴向压力的作用下，离合器总成的发动机侧压盘受到压力而与发动机同转，离合器总成的变速器侧压盘与壳体一起静止不动。

同时，操纵离合器踏板时，压力脚缓慢放松，压力脚脱开离合器分离器弹簧，离合器压盘受到螺旋弹簧作用，压盘与传动轴分离，即完成离合状态。

此时发动机的转矩通过压盘、压离簧静止不动，无法传递给传动装置，车辆不再运动。

2.瞬时分离：当车辆需要换档时，驾驶员操作离合器（通常是踩下离合器踏板），离合器压盘受到离合器分离器弹簧压力的作用而分离。

在瞬间，发动机与变速器之间断开了动力连接，传动轴和变速器之间断开了传动连接，此时离合器总成上的压盘与传动轴分离，离合器总成的发动机侧压盘受到继续转动的发动机转矩作用而继续转动，但发送到响应器上的转矩降低到零，并且能够输出转矩的传动装置不再转动。

在这种状态下，虽然发动机的转矩没有传递到传动装置上，但发动机旋转速度没有改变，不影响发动机的继续运转和提供动力输出。

3.连合：当驾驶员选择正确的档位，并适当给油门时，离合器踏板逐渐松开，离合器分离器弹簧释放的并不是全部力量，一部分力量继续使离合器分离器弹簧紧抱住压盘，使其与车速逐渐增大的传动轴一起开始共同转动。

此时，发动机的转矩通过压盘、离合器分离器弹簧传递给传动轴，传动轴带动车辆正常行驶。

当离合器踏板完全松开时，离合器完全连合，发动机的转矩完全传递给传动装置，车辆正常行驶。

总的来说，离合器的工作过程是通过操作离合器踏板实现离合和连合过程，通过离合器压盘、离合器分离器弹簧的合作来实现发动机和传动装置之间的动力传递或断开连接。

离合器的工作过程是一个协同作用的过程，需要驾驶员准确地操作离合器踏板，以控制离合器的分离和连合，从而实现汽车的起步、换挡和行驶等动作。

目录1前言 (1)2总体方案论证 (2)2.1离合器总成的结构和有关组件的结构 (2)2.1.1从动盘数及干、湿式的选择 (2)2.1.2压紧弹簧的结构型式及布置 (2)2.1.3 压盘的驱动方式 (4)2.1.4分离杠杆的结构型式 (4)2.1.5分离轴承的类型 (5)2.1.6离合器的通风散热措施 (5)2.1.7从动盘的结构型式 (6)2.1.8 离合器的操纵机构选择 (6)2.2 结论 (7)3汽车离合器的设计计算 (9)3.1离合器主要参数的选择 (9)3.2摩擦离合器主要零件的设计计算....................... 错误!未定义书签。

3.2.1压紧弹簧的设计计算............................... 错误!未定义书签。

3.2.2压盘的设计计算................................... 错误!未定义书签。

3.2.3从动片与从动盘毂的设计计算....................... 错误!未定义书签。

3.2.4分离杠杆的设计计算............................... 错误!未定义书签。

3.2.5离台器盖的设计计算............................... 错误!未定义书签。

3.3离合器操纵机构设计................................. 错误!未定义书签。

3.3.1离合器操纵机构的结构型式选择..................... 错误!未定义书签。

3.3.2离合器分离行程及性能计算......................... 错误!未定义书签。

4结论................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

参考文献 ........................................... 错误!未定义书签。

在上述工作完成之后，通过计算机SolidWorks软件的学习运用，对离合器总体装配图、从动盘总成、压盘、膜片弹簧、摩擦片进行了绘制，在绘制的过程中对离合器的装配又有了进一步的理解，并且完善了计算部分的遗漏。
这次的设计，可以对原有离合器的设计提出优化和修改的建议，对其以后的设计过程起参考作用。通过这次设计达到了优化改进原有离合器，提高该型汽车使用性，舒适性，并提高了汽车的工作效率的目的。
关键词：离合器、从动盘、膜片弹簧、扭转减震器、SolidWorks
第二章
摩擦片或从动盘的外径是离合器的重要参数，它对离合器的轮廓尺寸有决定性的影响，并根据离合器能全部传递发动机的最大转矩来选择。为了能可靠地传递发动机最大转矩 ，离合器的静摩擦力矩 应大于发动机最大转矩 ，而离合器传递的摩擦力矩 又决定于其摩擦面数Z、摩擦系数f、作用在摩擦面上的总压紧力PΣ与摩擦片平均摩擦半径Rm，即
1)为可靠传递发动机最大转矩， 不宜选取太小；
2)为减少传动系过载，保证操纵轻便， 又不宜选取太大；
3)当发动机后备功率较大、使用条件较好时， 可选取小些；
4)当使用条件恶劣，为提高起步能力、减少离合器滑磨， 应选取大些；
5)汽车总质量越大， 也应选得越大；
6)发动机缸数越多，转矩波动越小， 可选取小些；
最大总质量为6-14t的商用车
挂车
后备系数
1.20～1.75
1.50～2.25
1.80～4.0
本设计是基于日产天籁汽车的离合器设计，该车型属于轿车类型，故选择本次设计的后背系数β在1.20～1.75之间选择。因为该车型为轿车，不需要太大的后备系数，取 =1.75 可得离合器的静摩擦力矩 为190X1.75=332.5N·m
膜片弹簧工作点位置

关键字：螺旋弹簧离合器
螺旋弹簧 离合器 摩擦片 减振盘
Abstract
To the internal combustion engine as the driving force in the mechanical transmission car, the clutch is the assembly as an independent existence. Clutch is usually packed in between the engine and transmission, the active part connected with the engine flywheel, driven in part connected with the transmission. For various types of motor vehicles is widely used in friction clutch, in fact, is a kind of rely on their owners, driven in part to friction between the transmission power can separate agencies. The main function of the clutch is cut off and the engine and transmission system to achieve smooth joint, to ensure that a smooth start; in the shift will be separated from the engine and power train to reduce the transmission of shocks between the gear shift; in its work by the larger dynamic load when the transmission system to limit the burden of the maximum torque to prevent the powertrain components of the damage due to overload; effectively reduce the transmission lines of the vibration and noise. The design uses a single car coil spring clutch. The car used clutch friction because of its simple structure, reliability, maintenance convenience, the majority of vehicles currently using this form of clutch. The use of drytype clutch is because most of the wet clutch is a multi-disc clutch, for the need for greater torque transmission clutch, and the model is not included. The use of coil spring coil spring clutch because the clutch has many advantages: First, the coil spring has nonlinear characteristics, it can be designed to wear when the friction plate, the spring pressure can be maintained almost unchanged, and reduce the separation of the clutch pedal at the time of ability to manipulate light; Secondly, the coil spring on the installation location of the centerline of the clutch shaft is right, so the pressure is not in fact the effects of centrifugal force, stable performance, or balance; In addition, the coil spring itself, and from compress the spring and split the role of leverage, so that greatly simplified the structure of the clutch, spare parts to reduce the number, quality and significantly reduced to reduce the size of its axial; In addition, as a result of coil spring and the pressure plate contacts the entire circumference, so that the pressure distribution, good contacts with friction plate, wear uniform, but also easy to achieve good heat ventilation. As the spiral spring clutch with a series of advantages of the above, and coil spring manufacturing process has been to raise the level, so that the clutch in the car and micro, light bus has been widely used, and gradually extended to the cargo vehicle . Follower plate choice of single-chip set is a follower of its simple structure, convenient adjustment. Platen drive transmission chip used is not too much because of its obvious shortcomings and to simplify the structure, assembly requirements and reduces the pressure plate will be in favor of. Pull-type clutch choice because of its parts than the number of pull-type clutch less, more streamlined structure, the axial size smaller, the quality of even smaller; and a greater separation of the lever so that it is relatively small pedal manipulation.