2017、2018年春考&秋考语填、词汇、完型专项（一）2017年春II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.“Zootopia” Broke Disney RecordsLast weekend, the latest Disney movie, “Zootopia,” broke records. The movie had the largest opening weekend for a Disney animation（动画片）. People across the United States bought more then $75 million worth of tickets.“Zootopia” is a city of animals. The movie stars a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal (21) team up to find a missing otter（水獭）.He is among several animals that have suddenly disappeared from the city.“Zootopia” (22) (praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release. The film explores racism and other issues in its description of relations (23) two kinds of animals in the city.Jared Bush and Phil Johnston wrote “Zootopia.” They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie (24) (set) in several different contexts. But they changed the story (25) they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to (26) something like this. “What’s this world like? What’s the history of this world?” And then, Bush said, they went to the experts. Not only (27) the writers speak with people who study couture and group behavior, but also they talked with animal experts like zookeepers.The creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy (28) (produce) in drawings. In the movie, 64 species live in multiple neighborhoods (29) (represent) different animals’ living environments. Disney says “Zootopia” is its (30) (complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Does “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password? What about “adgjmptw”? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most 31 used, which of course means they are not secure at all.When ten million passwords were leaked on to the internet, they appeared to 32 that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even if, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they are also completely pointless.While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to 33 . The problem was that people seemed to doso in the same way.“Users are becoming slightly more 34 of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?”But 35 no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this---and in 20 per cent of those all people did was put the number “1” at the end.Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, had have a single use passwords texted to it each time they want to 36 on.Although the services is voluntary, Dylan Casey an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was “the first step to 37 passwords”. He said it was a(n) 38 that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said.It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than same people’s improving upon “password” by using “wasspord” or, tran5p053d numb3r5 f0r 13tt3r5.“We are, for the most part, predictably 39 when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups,” said WP Engine. “We love taking a(n) 40 , and so do password crackers.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ever been just about to call someone when the phone rings and the person in question is on the other end? Or have you experienced a sudden feeling of unease or danger even though you’re in a(n) 41 situation? If you don’t believe in it, you’ll put it down to 42 and on overactive imagination. But some people believe it is 43 that there is a sixth sense beyond smell, taste, touch, hearing and sight. Now, scientists are carrying out experiments not only to prove that it exists, but also to find out how you can 44 it to your advantage.Dean Radin, a researcher in California, has set up the Boundary Institute in Los Altos and is currently using its website to recruit（招募）4,000 people in 57 countries to find out if there are any 45 instances of sixth sense or, as he calls it, “precognition”—the ability to predict outcomes. The results so far are 46 . In a card test, where you have to 47 which of the five cards on a computer screen will be turned over to reveal a picture, the top scorers hit the right card 48% of the time—the 48 of this happening are 2,669 to 1.49 , Radin’s most famous study involves participants looking at a variety of images that are designed to stimulate a specific responses. In the experiment, participants sit alone in a room in front of a computer, with devices attached to their bodies to measure changes in skin resistance and blood flow, which are measures of emotional arousal. Radin has found that one in six people has a rise in arouse before they see the road accident-type pictures, while remaining 50 before the tree-type pictures.But even if you do accept that a sixth sense exists, the question is, does it actually 51 ? Radin says it does. “the future of our civilisation depends on 52 that are being made now,whether it’s about how we farm our food, how we get rid of our waste or whether we allow chemicals to be included in everyday products. We don’t have answers to these important questions, yet what we decide on will 53 our lives for decades or longer. Anything we can do to improve our ability to predict future events is well worth the 54 ,” he says. “If it turns out that some people can genuinely forecast the future some of the time, as I believe the data shows, then 55 this ability is as important as cutting-edge science.41. A. unfamiliar B. tough C. harmless D. ridiculous42. A. coincidence B. resistance C. innovation D. distraction43. A. mystery B. evidence C. falsehood D. innocence44. A. alter B. define C. find D. use45. A. historical B. strange C. mistaken D. true46. A. extraordinary B. inevitable C. alarming D. disappointing47. A. ask B. guess C. recall D. learn48. A. figures B. methods C. scores D. chance49. A. However B. Otherwise C. Meanwhile D. Consequently50. A. active B. calm C. silent D. alert51. A. serve any purpose B. take any advantage C. make any progress D. win any support52. A. inquiries B. decisions C. donations D. comparisons53. A. ruin B. improve C. affect D. wait54. A. expense B. risk C. effort D. wait55. A. proving B. challenging C. limiting D. understanding2017、2018年春考&秋考语填、词汇、完型专项（二）2017年秋II.. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In the presence of animalsA professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care. As far back as the1790s, the elderly at a senior citizens' home in England 21___________ (encourage) to spend time with farm animals. This would help patients' mental state more than the cruel therapies 22__________ (use) on the mentally ill at the time. In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof 23__________ contact with animals can increase a sick person's chance of survival and has been shown 24___________(lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.Scientist think that animal companionship is beneficial 25___________animals are accepting and attentive, and they don't criticize or give orders. Animals have the unique ability to be more social. For example, visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions.Not only do people seem 26___________ (anxious) when animals are nearby, but they may also live longer. Studies show that a year 27___________ heart surgery, survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets. Elderly people with pets make fewer trips to doctors than those without animal companions, possibly because animals relieve loneliness. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, 28___________(result) in a favourable environment for everyone.Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children. They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29___________ company they tend to calm down more easily. They involve 30___________ in playing with animals and the presence of animals comforts them greatly.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in theII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Fa mous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to “do what you love.” But mastering a skill, even one that you deeply love, (41) ______ a huge amount of dull work. Anyone who wants to master a skill must run through the cycle of practice, (42)______ feedback, modification, and increasing improvement again, again, and again. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take pleasure in their gradual improvement. Yet others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be (43) ______ or boring. Why?The difference may turn on the ability to enter into a state of “flow,” the feeling of being completely (44) ______ in what you are doing. Wh ether you call it being “in the zone,” or something else, a flow state is a special experience. Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the (45) ______ of flow in the 1970’s, it has been a mainstay of positive-psychology research. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has well-defined goals and is at a(n) (46) ______ skill level, and where the individual is able to (47) ______ their performance to clear and immediate feedback.Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most (48) ______ entered into flow states had an “autotelic personality(自带目的性人格)”—a disposition to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills. Autotelic individuals are receptive and open to new challenges. They are also (49) ______ and have low levels of self-centeredness. Such people, with their capacity for “disinterested interest” have a great (50) ______ over others in developing their innate abilities.Fortunately for those of us who aren’t (51) ______ blessed with an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be (52) ______ by environmental factors. (53) ______, the learning framework prescribed by Montessori schools seems to encourage flow states.While there isn’t (yet) a pill that can turn dull practice into a thrilling activity for anyone, it is heartening that we seem, at least to some (54) ______, to be able to push ourselves toward flow states. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimal (55) ______, and a task set at a moderate level of difficulty, we may be able to love what we’re doing while we put in the hard work practicing the things we love doing.2017、2018年春考&秋考语填、词汇、完型专项（三）2018年春Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Kid-Free LifeI had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and Alex, each left for college, and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) ______ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) ___________ (little) laundry.When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) __________ (spend) all the hours before they were born. (24) ______ ______ I have those hours back, I can focus on my own needs.I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射)? Will they remember the talks about "good choices"? On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) ______ vigorously they grow without me.Do I miss them? Yes. Both more and less than I'd guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life? No, because over the years, I took great pride (26) ______ the fact my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. (27) ___________ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now.The missing comes at unexpected moments: seeing the school bus drive by, starting to put too many plates on the table… When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects, I can only say, “I'm sure you will figure it out.”And yet, the spaces (28) ___________ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I've found. I now have the chance (29) ___________ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create.The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. I knew they would leave, but they will find their way back.My home is empty, but overflowing.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.CastlesPalaces are known for their beauty and magnificence, but they offer little protection against attacks. By comparison, classic European castles are both ___31___ and well-fortified (防御坚固的) against attacks. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the ___32___ of English culture.Castles were ___33___ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As the invaders ___34___ through England, they fortified key positions to secure the land they had taken. The castles they built allowed the Norman lords (贵族) to move back to safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles also served as bases of operation for attacks. Troops were assembled and organized around castles. In this way castles served both ___36___ and defensive roles in military operations.Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord administered control over his land. That is to say, the lord of the land often held meetings in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord came to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay respect to the lord. They ___38___ arguments, handled business, feast, andenjoyed festivals. In this way castles served as important social centers in the Middle Ages in England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on high sites ___39___ the surrounding areas, castles were constantly there in the background of many peasants’ lives and served as a daily ___40___ of the lord’s strength.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The idea that “you get what you earn” is widely accepted as what is “fair” in most Western societies. __41__, this attitude appears very early in childhood: Children as young as three believe that hard work deserves more reward. But is this belief __42__?German psychologist Marie Schafer and her team decided to put this to the test, studying the __43__ of children, four to eleven years old, in three different cultures: Germany, Namibia and Kenya. The scientists asked the children to go fishing. In this case, the “fish” were metal balls, which the children tried to “catch” with magnetized fishing rods (磁性钓鱼竿). The idea was to test how much the children valued merit (值得嘉奖的成果). So each child was given a number of sweets equal to the total number of fish in the catch, and was told to __44__ the sweets any way he or she wanted. If they valued merit, children should divide up the sweets according to shares of the catch. This is, if they caught the same number of fish, they would choose to reward each one __45__, but if one did a better job of fishing, rewards would also be disproportionate.__46__ matters. That’s the main finding from the study published in the journal Psychological Science. The German children divided up the rewards exactly in proportion to __47__, even when this meant a very unbalanced distribution of rewards. __48__, children from Namibia and Kenya, the two rural African societies, barely took merit into consideration at all. These findings suggest that the basic concept of merit and distributive justice is far from universal in our species, and that __49__ is culturally defined.But __50__? The scientists offer some thoughts on this. It could be that in large-scale societies like Germany, merit is __51__ for regulating interactions between people who don’t know each other and may not interact again. In small-scale societies, however, most exchanges take place between people who are __52__ with one another. It may be more important in such societies to build long-term relationships based on equity (公道)---rather than to insist on equity in a single __53__. In societies like the one where the group of children from Namibia came from, sharing is an important approach to __54__ differences in wealth and increasing harmony. Children may accept these social values early on, and apply them even when the fishing trip is __55__.41. A. On the contrary B. First of all C. In addition D. What’s more42. A. universal B. old-fashioned C. childish D. deep-rooted43. A. intelligence B. growth C. behavior D. emotion44. A. contribute B. distribute C. move D. claim45. A. specially B. additionally C. generously D. equally46. A. Quality B. Relationship C. Culture D. Justice47. A. status B. productivity C. difficulty D. progress48. A. For instance B. In particular C. By contrast D. On average49. A. success B. fairness C. tradition D. diligence50. A. how B. where C. when D. why51. A. crucial B. inadequate C. debatable D. vague52. A. patient B. satisfied C. familiar D. honest53. A. interaction B. society C. individual D. factor54. A. highlighting B. exploring C. indicating D. balancing55. A. imaginary B. boring C. occasional D. informal2017、2018年春考&秋考语填、词汇、完型专项（四）2018年秋Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.S&A’s plan to fight theftThe S&A Supermarket is the only place where residents in Boise can go shopping. It’s also the most frequently (21) __________ (visit) shop for local police. In the first six months of 2016,14% of the city’s reports originated there, most for shoplifting(商店货物扒窃)---a figure that would be even higher if S&A called the police for every minor theft.(22) __________ (ease) that burden and reduce shoplifting losses, S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees (23) __________ (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. As part of a program called Justice, they will work with existing employees to manage some small crimes internally. If an employee catches a thief (24) _______ name is not in the police database---that is, a first-time offender---that person will get a choice: pay to take an online course about the consequences of their actions, or face charges. This idea, according to S&A, is to educate lawbreakers (25) _______ involving the police.But the efforts (26) __________ (raise) concerns. For one, it’s unclear (27) _______ the online courses are as helpful as they seem. It is because one of the administrative organizations is being accused of both overcharging and falsely (28) __________ (send) so-called shoplifters to prison. And ______ ______ there are extra staff members, S&A will remain difficult to secure because of its size and accessibility, especially during late-night hours, when fewer employees are working.Still, there are signs (30) _______ the program could work. The local police department says the program reduced police calls to the store by 40.5% from last October through July. But something truly transformational will likely take years---and more police runs in the meantime.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Some Very “American” Words Come from ChineseMany of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. Some are from Cantonese(广东话).The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems ___31___. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one’s head as a sign of respect to ___32___. In 1793, Britain’s King set Lord George Macartney and other tradesmen to China to ___33___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the emperor. Lord Macartney refused for his ___34___ to do more than bend their knees. Soon after, the English word “kowtow” was born.Another borrowed word that came about through ___ 35___ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters “gong” and “he” together mean “work together, cooperate.” The original term---gongyehezuoshe---means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while in China. He was impressed, saying “…all the soldiers ___36___ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over.” He thenbegan using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to create the same spirit he had ___37___.In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ___38___ storm occurring around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. According to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were India and were called “touffons.” Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese world taifung, which means “great wind.” It is a coincidence that the word is ___39___ to touffon. The modern form of the word---typhoon---was influenced by the Cantonese but ___40___ to make it appear more Greek.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don’t drink beer or drive around with their dates. __41__, they stick to activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as signs of passage into __42__. The study found that the percentage of adolescents in America who have a driver’s license, who have tried alcohol, who date and who work for pay has dropped since 1976, with the most dramatic __43__ in the past decade. To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the __44__ have slimmed considerably. Between 1976, 86 percent of high school seniors had gone on a date; between 2010 and 2015, only 63 percent had, the study found.“People say, ‘Oh, it’s because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring,’ but they’re __45__ the larger trend,” said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study. Instead, she said, youths may be less __46__ activities such as dating or driving because in today’s society, they no longer need to be.According to an evolutionary-psychology theory, a person’s life strategy slows down or speeds up depending on the person’s __47__. Thus, exposure to a fierce and unpredictable environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the __48__ effect. In the first __49__, “you’d have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more __50__ and fewer resources,” said Twenge. A century ago, when life expectancy was lower and college education less common, “the goal back then was survival, not violin lessons by 5,” Twenge said. In that model, a teenage boy might be thinking more __51__ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important.But the United States is shifting more toward the __52__ model, and the change is apparent in socioeconomic terms, Twenge said. “Even in families whose parents have never been to college, the idea that children need to be carefully __53__ has become widely accepted.”The __54__ of “adult activities” could not be due to more homework or after-school activities, the study said, nothing that teens today spend fewer hours on homework than they did I the 1990s and the same amount of time on after-school activities. Nor could the use ofsmartphones and the Internet be entirely the __55__, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available.41. A. Rather B. Consequently C. Moreover D. Unfortunately42. A. adolescence B. work C. schooling D. adulthood43. A. effects B. conflicts C. decreases D. costs44. A. options B. majorities C. responsibilities D. resources45. A. predicting B. challenging C. analyzing D. missing46. A. interested in B. distracted from C. particular about D. disappointed in47. A. contributions B. virtues C. surroundings D. outlooks48. A. equivalent B. opposite C. insignificant D. immediate49. A. round B. place C. strategy D. case50. A. disease B. opportunities C. properties D. benefits51. A. regretfully B. hesitantly C. seriously D. innovatively52. A. smarter B. slower C. more scientific D. more responsible53. A. observed B. organized C. selected D. educated54. A. arrangement B. implementation C. postponement D. promotion55. A. cause B. burden C. trend D. pattern2017、2018年春考&秋考语填、词汇、完型专项Keys:2017年春II. Grammar21. who 22. has been praised 23. between 24. set 25. because 26. themselves 27. did 28. to produce 29. representing 30. most complexIII. Vocabulary 31-35 CDFEB 36-40 IGAKJIV. Cloze 41-45 CABDD 46-50 ABDCB 51-55 ABCCD2017年秋21. were encouraged 22. used 23. that 24. to lower 25. because/as/ since26. less anxious 27. after 28. resulting 29. whose 30. themselves41-55 BDACA BDCBC ADABD。
