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浅析高考阅读理解篇章结构命题思路及答题技巧一、“篇章结构”题型的命题分析现在，全国多个省市都采用“篇章结构”型阅读理解题（即七选五），试题模式为：给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。
《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
”阅读理解选择题部分的文章是完整的，在通读文章或查读细节时，思路不会被打断。
而此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。
而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。
另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供7个选项，因此有2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。
该题型要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。
二、篇章结构的考查要点这一考查题型对阅读理解提出了更高层次的要求，即不仅要有阅读速度，要对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次。
不过，只要了解了这种新题型所考查的要点，出题位置，在阅读文章时有意识地加强对文章写作思路和结构组织安排的理解，掌握英语文章常见的几种写作结构，对迅速增强此类新题型的应对能力还是非常有帮助的。
三、篇章结构解题步骤1在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。
首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。
语文试卷样式及命题意图语文试卷样式及命题意图本试卷共包括日积月累” 畅所欲言”、“开卷有益” 妙笔生花”四个板块，采取书面笔答，闭卷考试的形式，答题时间为100分钟，满分100分，其中包括卷面书写3分。
为落实课标中对学生书写的要求，故设3分卷面分，强调卷面整洁，书写工整，引导学生关注书写。
书写分数题不再单列，因为学生的书写情况如何，从整张试卷看便一目了然，尤其是习作。
第一部分日积月累这一部分共有三道大题，14道小题，主要是选择较有代表性的（典型）拼音、汉字、词语、句式进行考查。
所谓代表性、典型性就是指所考查内容是否常用、重点、精彩还是易混易错、能有效的以课内带动课外，起举一反三的作用。
一、读下面的短文，在括号里填上合适的词语。
这学期我们跟随作者欣赏了山野的j n g m（静谧）,聆听了PUb Q瀑布）的唱和，一路走来，心旷神怡。
《唯一的听众》里那位h ec ik e q in （和蔼可亲）的老人教会我们用美丽的谎言Shd（I d d（善待）身边的人。
《最后一头战象》嘎羧披挂象鞍的y In g W 1英武）豪迈似乎就在眼前。
q mg y αu（清幽）的茅屋里，贝多芬正按下qn ji m （琴键）,盲姑娘t do zu （陶醉）在《月光曲》的美妙旋律中……一篇篇美文伴我们走过又一个学期，它们像无声的细雨，滋润着我们的心灵。
意图：采用情境的方式，一是考查学生易写错的字词；二是考查了学生理解词语、运用词语的能力。
二、请按要求把正确答案的字母填写在括号里。
1 ?下面加点字的读音完全正确的一组是（ C ）。
A.肖像（Xi血）喝彩（h$ 横遭不幸（h e g）B.咳嗽（SQU ）纤弱（qi m）养尊处优（Ch U）C.憎恶（Z mg）入场券（qu d）绷着脸（b e n g）2.下列词语中无错别字的一组是（C ）。
A.漫不经心余音绕粱刻骨铭心迫不急待B.阴谋诡计络绎不绝一唱一合莫名奇妙C.兴高采烈津津乐道自作自受焦躁不安3.下面句子中关联词语用的不正确的一句是（B）OA.这本书不仅内容生动，插图也很精美。
第三部分阅读理解B部分命题的特点和规律一、阅读理解B部分总体分析（一）命题的基本指导思想根据2006年《英语考试大纲》修订部分的内容，阅读理解B部分现有三种备选题型（包括2005年增加的选择搭配新题型）。
每次考试从这三种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
备选题型有：1.一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2.在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。
要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
3.在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。
要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。
（二）试题特点阅读理解B部分试题主要考查考生对连贯性、一致性、逻辑性等语篇、语段整体性特征以及文章结构的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上把握文章的整体和微观结构。
考生既要理解和掌握文章总体结构和写作思路，又要弄清上下文之间的逻辑关系。
这一新题型的增设，使文章长度从传统阅读理解中的400词左右增加到500～600词，大大增加了阅读的总量。
这就要求考生在提高阅读速度的同时，还要能够准确的猎取文章的具体信息，并概括出文章的主旨要义，尤其是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并能把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次。
新题型考查重点从较低的语言基础知识即词汇和语法、句子的层次提高到段落和篇章这些较高层次的语言知识上来。
因此，考生不仅需要了解文章的主干内容还要把握文章结构上的逻辑关系和整体布局，从而准确无误地将选项部分和文章某个部分一一对应，并可以与空白处的上下文有机地衔接起来。
新题型更加突出了阅读与写作之间的密切关系，因为在英语文章的写作过程中有其表达上的语言规律和篇章结构上的层次安排，所以，如果在进行英文写作时可以做到主题突出、段落层次鲜明、行文自然流畅、衔接手法多样、文字连贯，在做此类阅读新题型时必然有所裨益。
语文阅读理解答题方法语文阅读理解答题方法（精选5篇）语文阅读理解答题公式11、标题作用：（1）全文的线索，推动情节发展（2）总结文章内容，点名主旨（突出主题）（3）形式新颖，吸引读者（4）反映人物情感变化2、动词理解：生动表现了人（事）物的特点（情状）（或描绘出一幅的场景），反映了人物的心情3、句子分析：（1）分析句子里词语的表达效果（2）分析：修辞+修辞作用例题：请问文中划线部分用了怎样的修辞手法，表达了作者怎样的心情？比喻：用比喻，表现了（事物）的特点，表达了（人物）拟人：把拟人化（或赋予人的情感），生动形象的表现了（或描绘出的画面，写出了事物的特点）排比：使句式更整齐，气势更强调了（事物）的突出了（事物）的特点反问：这个反问句的意思是以强烈的语气表达了（人物）的感情设问：开头出现，其作用通常为“设置悬念，吸引读者”文中或结尾出现，其作用通常为“引起了对的问题的关注（或引人深思），给人以启迪，突出了文章的主旨”借代：用代，使被借代的更加具体，生动表达了什么感情或特点引用：引用诗句，其作用通常为“增强文章的诗情画意，使文章语言更优美（或引用诗句是为了说明）”引用故事，神话传说，其作用通常为“增强文章的趣味性，吸引读者”4、文章运用表现手法作用：例题：请问这题用了怎样的写作手法，读文章有何好处（意义）？（1）对比，作用：和形成鲜明对比，突出人（事）物的特点（2）象征，作用：使文章立意深远，含蕴深刻（3）伏笔，作用：对将要出现的事物作暗示，为情节发展作铺垫（4）照应，作用：使文章结构严谨，使文章主题更加鲜明，使文章更加严密（5）烘托、渲染，作用：表现环境，营造氛围，抒发情感，突出主题5、某段起什么作用：（1）开头，作用：A、引起下文B、点名所要描写的对象C、照应文章标题D、设置悬念，吸引读者E、为情节发展埋下伏笔（2）此段在文中，作用：A、承上启下的过渡作用B、为情节发展埋下伏笔，推动情节发展（3）结尾，作用：A、总结全文B、揭示文章主旨C、照应前文D、照应题目E、引人深思6、文中画线句、段运用何种描写方法，有何作用：（1）人物：外貌、语言、动作、心里、神态、正面、侧面描写（2）坏境：自然环境、社会环境作用：（1）人物：表现人物的特点，突出人物的性格（品质、思想）（2）环境：烘托一中的气氛，表达一种的思想感情7、用简洁的言语概括文章（或文段）内容：谁+干什么+结果怎么样8、本文（某段）运用什么表达方式：记叙、描写、议论、说明、抒情9、简要概括文中事物特点：首先分析文章的结构，注意文中的连接词（首先、其次、还、然后、也、最后、此外），这些词语外面的句子往往就是事物的特点。
同等学力英语阅读理解一、概述阅读理解部分共设五篇短文，每篇300-400词，每篇设6个问题，共30题，每题1分。
考试时间为45分钟左右。
总阅读量在2500-3000之间。
相当于每分钟读60多个单词。
阅读理解试题的目的是测试考生通过阅读获取所需信息的能力，既要求准确，更要求速度。
二、能力要求(1)主旨大意(2)事实细节(3)判断推理(4)词语意义(5)观点态度三、命题形式阅读理解部分要求考生能够综合运用英语知识和阅读技能来理解英语书面材料。
一般而言，阅读理解的出题形式主要有完成句子(Sentence completion)和回答问题(Questions)两种。
如：1．The author intends to tell the readers that in the year 2040 ________.2．According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？四、命题类型：1)主旨大意题2)细节题3)词汇题4)推论引申题5)作者态度题阅读理解题中，细节题所占比例最大，约占50％多，其他题型各约占10％左右。
五、解题方法不同的题型要求不同的阅读方法。
(一) 主旨大意题1.指示词：常含有“main idea，subject，purpose，topic，summary”等。
2.命题规律：1)文章或段落大意；2)文章标题；3)文章目的。
3.阅读方法：找主题句，注意文章的或段落的首尾部分。
Human beings have adapted to the physical world not by changing their physical nature, but by adjusting their society. Animals and plants have made adjustments, over long periods, by the development of radical changes in their very organisms. Hereditary differences meet needs of various environments. But among humans, differences in head form and in other physical features are not, in most cases, clearly adaptive. Nor is it clear that mental capacities of races are different. As far as we know, the races are equally intelligent and equally capable of solving their problems of living together. The varying ways of life, itseems, are social and learned differences and not physical and inherited differences. It stands to reason therefore, that man's adjustment to his surroundings should be studied in custom and institution, not in anatomy and neural structure.QuestionThe main point of the passage isA) Animals and plants change their organisms to adapt to the physical worldB) Human beings not only change their organisms but also adjust their society to adapt to the physical worldC) Human beings adjust their society to adapt to the physical worldD) Animals and plants change their society to adapt to the physical world但是有的文章没有主题句，例如：Although stage plays have been set to music since the era of the ancient Greeks when the dramas of Sophocles and Aeschylus were accompanied by lyres and flutes, the usually accepted date for the beginning of opera as we know it is 1600. As part of the celebration of the marriage of King Henry IV of France to the Italian aristocrat Maria de Medici, the Florentine composer Jacopo Peri produced his famous Euridice, generally considered to be the first opera. Following his example, a group of Italian musicians called the Camerata began to revive the style of musical story that had been used in Greek tragedy. QuestionThis passage is a summary of ______.A) Greek tragedyB) the first operaC) the development of operaD) Euridice(二) 细节题1.需要关注：who，what，when，where，how和why2.命题规律：题干和答案：使用不同的表达方式。
第三讲│推理判断题一、题型解读高考英语《考试大纲》指出，阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即理解作者所要传达的信息。
高考英语阅读理解试题命制形式多样，其中推理判断题属于高层次的阅读理解题，解答此类题目要从整体上把握语篇内容，在理解语篇的表面意义与隐含意义的基础上进行深层推理，透过字里行间去体会作者的“弦外之音”。
推理判断主要包括：此类题目在高考题中的数量所占比例较大，是高考阅读理解考查的重点，应引起考生的重视。
具体来说，针对不同的推理判断题，寻找线索时要使用不同的方法。
二、设问方式一般来说，推理判断题题干中常出现know about，learn from，infer，imply，suggest，conclude，intend，mean，indicate等词语。
1.细节推断题常见的命题形式·It can be inferred from the passage that ________.·It can be concluded from the passage that ________.·The author strongly suggests that ________.·The writer implies but not directly states that ________.·The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________.·Which of the following statements does the passage support?2.态度倾向推断常见的命题形式·The attitude of the author towards something is ________.·The writer of the passage seems to think that ________.·What’s the writer’s attitude towards...?·What is the author’s opinion on...?·What does the author think about...?3.写作意图推断题常见的命题形式·What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?·The purpose of the text is to get more people to ________.·The writer of the story wants to tell us that ________.·The writer talks about...in order to ________.·The author writes the last paragraph in order to ________.4.文章来源或读者对象推断题常见的命题形式·This passage would most likely be found in ________.·In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed? ·The passage is probably taken out of ________.·Where does this text probably come from?·Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?5.对文章内容预测常见的命题形式·What do you think will happen when/if...?·At the end of this passage，the writer might continue to write ________.·The paragraph following the passage will probably be about ________.·Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?三、选项特征1.推理判断题正确选项的特征(1)“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。
押河南卷第26—30题阅读理解B篇记叙文2020 • 河南卷• 阅读理解B篇第26—30题"Are you listening, Simon?" Simon's teacher asked. It was a pretty usual question.Simon shook his head, smiling. He hardly listened or tried hard in class. Talking was so much fun. He wanted to be heard rather than listen."Listen, and you'll learn something." Mrs. Jacobs tried every day, but Simon never paid attention.That evening, his throat really hurt. The next morning, when he opened his mouth to say "Good morning", nothing came out but a croak.Simon's mother looked at him. "Honey, you've lost your voice.""Can I stay home?" He tried to ask, but words didn't come out. Instead, his mother checked him for a fever and decided it was good for him to go to school, even if he couldn't talk.When he got to school, Mrs. Jacobs said "Hello" to him, and he just nodded. When his friends asked him what TV shows he watched last night, he just shrugged. By the time the bell rang for class, almost everyone was looking at him as if he'd grown a third eye.Penny raised her hand. "Mrs. Jacobs, why isn't Simon talking?""He never stops talking." Richard said worriedly.Everyone started talking at once. They were excited, worried, and surprised.Simon sat in class bored. He watched them talk to each other as if the teacher wasn't there, but he couldn't even do that. In math class he could hold up fingers if the answer was less than 10, but that wasn't fun. He decided to try to pay attention.He could do his homework that night. It gave him TV and game time with his work all done.The next day, even though his voice was coming back, he stayed quiet again. The third day, he could talk fine,but he listened and raised his hand to speak.What a difference that one day made!1．What did Mrs. Jacobs want Simon to do in class?A．To talk. B．To listen. C．To sit up. D．To stay awake.2．What was the problem with Simon that day?A．He got a cough. B．He was late for school.C．He lost his voice. D．He lost interests in school.3．Why was almost everyone looking at Simon?A．Because he grew a third eye. B．Because Mrs. Jacobs praised him.C．Because he talked with nobody. D．Because Mrs. Jacobs nodded to him.4．Why could Simon do his homework that night?A．Because he already got his voice back.B．Because he paid much attention in class.C．Because he was given easier homework.D．Because he learnt to use fingers in class.5．What is the best title for the text?A．Are you talking? B．Are you listening?C．Is your voice OK? D．Is your school fun?【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲爱说话的Simon突然有一天不能说话了，他在学校安静了一天并开始把注意力放在课堂上，之后他开始认真听讲，不再一直说话。
阅读理解试题的常用命题形式熟悉命题形式和常用句型有助于正确审题，提高答题速度。
因为各种题型的命题方式虽然不同，但是题干和选择项有其规律可寻，明确题目要求，就能够有选择地运用不同的技巧解答涉及各类题材和体裁的试题。
1情境型1）查找细节题：查找细节的命题形式随内容不同千变万化。
虽然问题涉及的内容变化无穷，但是所提问题都具体明确。
该类试题出题方式具有以下特点：（1）根据文章的某一部分或某一句的内容设题；（2）以who，what，when，where，which，why，how等词引出疑问句，询问细节。
常见的命题方式有：（1）According to the passage，why．．．？（2）From the passage we know# b4 L" _' D6 M. @; K3 B# r" s* r) S．（3）In which of the following chapters can you get information about．．．？（4）Which chapter is likely to contain the most information about．．．？（5）From the article，we know that at the beginning the writer regarded．．．as3 L+ r4 H' J) W4 o: }" V．（6）The author mentions that．．．（7）Which of the following is mentioned as an example of．．．？（8）The author says．．．because．．．2）计算数字题这种题型测试能否根据有关信息进行计算，从而检验对文章的真正理解。
常见的命题方式有：（1）How long did．．．take？（2）How much did．．．cost？（3）How long did．．．spend on．．．？（4）How much did．．．spend on．．．？（5）How many（workers stayed away from work during the labor crisis）？（6）The value of（cash and goods stolen）amounted$ U( V- t. B ^* K9 v．（7）According to the passage，most heat-resistant structural metals and alloys can stand heat up to9 X1 J4 i8 J- l- v8 E- g6 N/ i．（8）The author's estimate of（population）is that at present4 x3 i2 w! ~. A! g% W0 ^6 Q% F．2语义型1）解释词义词汇与篇章犹如砖瓦与大厦，它是阅读理解成为可能的先决条件。
阅读理解中词义题的设计，与词汇部分试题的测试目的不完全相同。
阅读理解中的词义题着重测试特殊语境中词汇的转义，或句中的关键词（可能是超纲词）。
阅读时应根据上下文判断词义。
常见的命题方式有：（1）What is the meaning of“．．．”in the line X？（2）The word“．．．”in Line X is close to．（3）By“．．．”，the author refers to．（4）The word“．．．”in paragraph X can be best replaced by O; X0 J4 h( }. s% o ．（5）In the last paragraph，the term“．．．”most probably means．（6）The word“．．．”means most nearly the same as．（7）The expression“．．．”（in Line X）refers to．（8）The word“．．．”（in Line X）suggests that．（9）The author uses the word“．．．”（in Line X，Para．X）to mean ．．．．（10）The word ／phrase“．．．”（in Line X，Para．X）in this contest means．2）解释句义解释句义是考查对句子的理解程度，它通过试题中对句子的不同解释揭示出关键词组，短语或关键句型的含义。
常见的命题方式有：（1）The sentence“．．．”means that．（2）What．．．said means．（3）In this section，what is meant by ．．．？（4）By the sentence“．．．”（Lines 2-3），the writer means ．（5）Interpret the underlined phrase，clause or sentence．（6）The sentence“．．．”（Lines 6-8）probably implies．3是非型该类题解答时难度不大，只要能够迅速查到有关信息，读懂原文或关键句，便可以确定答案。
常见的命题形式有：1）Which of the following statements is correct ／true according to the passage？2）According to the passage，which of the following statements is not true ／correct？3）Which of the following is not implied in the passage？4）Which of the following aspects is not mentioned in the passage？5）Which of the following statements about ．．．can be found in the passage？6）The author would disapprove of the following actions EXCEPT ．7）In Paragraph X（the passage）the author doesn't mention ．8）Which of the following is not included in the passage？% n9 k- g6 y: K/ b$ D8 Y& ?4推理型推理型问题的答案不直接出现在文章中，常通过有关信息暗示或暗指，所提的问题可以针对某一个句子或某段文字，也可以针对全文。
常见的命题方式有：1）What is implied but not stated by the author is ．2）We can infer ／conclude from the passage that ．3）Which of the following was the immediate cause of the ？4）Which of the following is not required of eligible（适合的）for．．．？5）Which of the following statements would the author most likely disagree with？6）In the passage the author's attitudetoward．．．is．7）The author argues that ．8）The author's purpose of writing this passage is to ．9）The passage recommends ．10）The passage suggests that ．11）What can be inferred from this passage？12）It can be inferred from the passage that the author would disapprove of ．13）What is implied but NOT STATED by the author is that ．14）Which of the following is most directly suggested by the passage？15）Which of the following can only be inferred from the passage？16）From the first paragraph，we can infer that ．17）The author probably feels that．．．18）The passage is intended to．．．19）It can be inferred from this passage that．．．20）An inference which may not be made from this passage is ．．．感动每一天！回复引用TOP发短消息加为好友小贝(小贝)当前离线UID60077 帖子194 主题129 精华2 积分4462 威望值3795 点赛才币36499 枚贡献值3887 点魅力值1953 点经验值2035 点院校名称赛才学院阅读权限100 性别男来自福建在线时间16 小时注册时间2010-1-11 最后登录2010-5-17版主UID60077 精华2 积分4462 赛才币36499 枚院校名称赛才学院在线时间16 小时注册时间2010-1-11 板凳小贝发表于2010-3-15 15:42 | 只看该整理阅读理解题型简介下载：阅读理解题型简介.doc (59 KB)下载次数: 26022010-3-15 15:41下载消耗赛才币1 枚一、概述在人类社会的相互交流活动中，阅读是获取信息的重要途径。
对阅读在英语学习中的重要性人们早已达成共识。
阅读能力是学习英语必需的第一能力。
阅读能力提高后，就可以阅读各种英文出版物，获取必要的信息。
阅读理解测试是检查通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确性，也要求一定的速度。
阅读理解测试在水平测试及英语竞赛中所占的比重都比较大，分值很高。
