【精品】2020高考英语语法专题汇总倒装
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高考英语高中英语语法之倒装山东重点中学山东重点中学是高中阶段的重要学校之一,其教育质量一直备受关注。
在高考英语考试中,语法部分是考生需要重点掌握的内容之一。
其中,倒装句是考试中常见的语法结构之一。
本文将对山东重点中学高考英语语法中的倒装进行详细讲解和分析。
一、倒装的概念及基本用法倒装指的是将正常语序中的主语和谓语动词调换位置,从而达到强调某一部分信息的目的。
在英语语法中,主要存在三种情况的倒装用法。
1. 完全倒装当句子以副词或短语开头时,为了使句子语义更加鲜明或突出某一部分信息,我们可以使用完全倒装结构。
具体的句子结构为“副词/短语+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+谓语动词+其他成分”。
例句1:Out rushed the students as the bell rang.(铃声一响,学生们纷纷冲出教室。
)例句2:In the distance could be seen a beautiful lake.(远处可以看到一个美丽的湖。
)2. 部分倒装当否定词位于句首时,为了强调否定的含义,我们可以使用部分倒装结构。
具体的句子结构为“否定词+谓语动词+主语+其他成分”。
例句3:Not until I arrived at the station did I realize that I had left my bag at home.(直到我到达车站,我才意识到我把包落在了家里。
)例句4:Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset before.(我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
)3. 半倒装当句子以表地点、方式、原因或时间的介词短语开头时,为了突出这些状语的作用,我们可以使用半倒装结构。
具体的句子结构为“状语+谓语动词+主语+其他成分”。
例句5:Up the hill went the old man, with a smile on his face.(老人一边笑着,一边沿着山坡走去。
高考倒装句知识点总结倒装句是英语语法中的一种特殊句型,其主语与谓语的语序颠倒。
在高考英语中,倒装句是一个常考的知识点。
掌握倒装句的使用方法和规则,对于理解和运用英语语法的规范性是非常重要的。
1. 完全倒装在一般疑问句中,倒装句的谓语动词放在主语之前,帮助我们形成问句。
例如,“Do you like coffee?”、“Can I help you?”等。
2. 部分倒装当句子以否定词开头或表示方位的副词放在句首时,也需要使用倒装句。
例如,“Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.”、“Around the corner stands a small coffee shop.”3. 地点状语倒装当句子以表示地点的副词或介词短语作为状语放在句首时,也需要使用倒装句。
例如,“In the classroom sat a group of students.”、“On the tree hung a bird's nest.”4. 条件状语倒装当句子以表示条件的副词或介词短语作为状语放在句首时,需要使用倒装句。
例如,“Should you need any assistance, pleaselet us know.”、“Were it not for his help, I would havefailed the exam.”5. 否定副词倒装在句子中用否定副词放在句首时,也需要使用倒装句。
例如,“Not only did she finish her homework, but she also tidiedup her room.”、“Seldom have I seen such a tale nted musician.”6. 句首状语从句倒装在句子的开头出现状语从句时,常常使用倒装句。
例如,“If only I could turn back time.”、“When I saw her, sobeautiful was she that I couldn't take my eyes off her.”总结起来,倒装句的使用规则主要包括完全倒装、部分倒装、地点状语倒装、条件状语倒装、否定副词倒装和句首状语从句倒装。
含有as, though的部分倒装(要点精讲)as / though 引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构,即as / though引导的让步状语从句必须将表语或状语(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词)提前,构成“形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词/ 分词+ as / though + 主语+ 谓语的其它部分”的形式。
一、名词+ as / though + 主语+ 动词King as he was, he was unhappy. 他虽是国王,但他并不幸福。
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 他虽是个孩子,但却知道很多。
Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. 他虽然是老师,但也不可能什么都懂。
【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词,也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。
另外,要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词,即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。
比较:Boy as / though he is, he likes to play with girls.= Though / Although he is a boy, he likes to play with girls.他虽是男孩,却喜欢与女孩子玩。
Strong man as / though he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though / Although he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test d uring the past few weeks.波赛将军虽然坚强,但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。
二、形容词+ as / though + 主语+ 动词Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽然成功,但不骄傲。
含有虚拟语气条件句的倒装句(要点精讲)在虚拟结构中,条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should 这三个词时,可省去if,将这些词移至主语之前。
如:Had we got here earlier, we would have caught the train.=If we had got here earlier, we would have caught the train. 如果我们能早一点到那里,我们就能赶上火车了。
Had I time, I would go and help you.= If I had time, I would go and help you. 如果我有时间,我会去帮你的。
Were I you, I would go abroad.= If I were you, I would go abroad. 如果我是你,我会出国的。
Should he come, tell him to call me up.=If he should come, tell him to call me up. 如果他来,告诉他给我打电话。
(典例剖析)【例题1】_______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you beD. Might you be【答案】B【解析】该句中条件句为非真实条件句,省略if且表示与将来事实相反。
故正确答案为B。
【难度】一般【例题2】______ for the free ticket, I would not have gone to see the film.A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not【答案】C【解析】该条件句中省略if, 且表达与过去事实相反。
高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句:主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实:我不可能是你)If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。
(事实:不知道)If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。
(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+ had + done主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她(事实:去晚了)。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。
(事实:没有听我的话)3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。
(事实:不可能来)If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰。
高考英语倒装句知识点总结在高考英语中,倒装句是一个常见但容易出错且易混淆的语法知识点。
在理解和运用倒装句时,我们需要掌握一些关键规则和特殊情况。
本文将系统总结常见的高考英语倒装句知识点,帮助考生更好地应对这一考点。
一、完全倒装完全倒装是指将助动词、情态动词、系动词、动词原形或短语放在主语前。
常见的情况有以下几种:1. 情态动词+主语+其他。
例如:Can he swim?(他会游泳吗?)2. 出现否定词,如never,not,nor等。
例如:Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.(我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
)3. Only引导的倒装句。
例如:Only when you face your fears can you overcome them.(只有当你面对恐惧时,你才能克服它们。
)二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语前,而动词原形放在主语后。
常见的情况有以下几种:1. 祈使句倒装。
例如:Open the window, please.(请打开窗户。
)2. So引导的倒装句。
例如:He was late for the meeting, so was I.(他迟到了会议,我也是。
)3. 强调句倒装。
例如:It was in Paris that I met my true love.(我在巴黎遇到了我的真爱。
)三、介词短语倒装在以介词短语开头的句子中,常常用倒装结构来强调一些信息。
例如:Out of the classroom ran the excited children.(兴奋的孩子们跑出了教室。
)四、条件句倒装在条件句中,如果主句表达的是命令、建议、要求或愿望,那么条件句中即使是虚拟语气的情况下,也要采用部分倒装。
例如:Should you need any assistance, please feel free to contact us.(如果你需要任何帮助,请随时联系我们。
【导语】英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前⾯。
如果将句⼦的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,这称之为完全倒装。
如果只将助动词或情态动词移⾄主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后⾯,这称之为部分倒装。
下⾯⽆忧考为⼤家总结⼀下倒装的⼏种常见的类型:疑问句和特殊疑问句要倒装Are you cold?Does he go to school by bike?注意:若疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语时,不倒装。
Who is your English teacher?Whose father is a worker?There be 句型在There+助动词/情态动词+be+主语+地点/时间的句型中,主语在谓语be动词后⾯,因此这是倒装。
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk.桌上有⼀个⼿机和⼀些书。
There are thousands of people gathering on the square.⼴场上聚集着成千上万的⼈注意:引导词there 还可以接appear,exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等词。
There lived an old fisherman in the village.村⾥住着⼀位⽼渔夫。
There stand two white houses by the river.河滨矗⽴着两座⽩房⼦。
There existed some doubt among the students.学⽣中有些怀疑。
直接引语在句⾸“May I come in and take a rest?” asked the poor girl.“Get out of the room!” shouted the angry woman.虚拟条件句的倒装当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前,构成倒装句:Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来,你就会见到他了。
高考英语倒装句总复习一、考点分析:倒装句概念:将某些句子成分移至句首而引起主语和谓语词序的颠倒,称为倒装(Inversion)。
e.g. Here comes the bus.(完全倒装)Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
(部分倒装)二、专题精讲:倒装句的作用:可以平衡句子结构,丰富句式,强调部分内容等。
倒装句概述倒装句知识清单罗列知识点一:全部倒装(有时表地方)全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
1.(有)there 引导的存在句属于完全倒装,常见动词包括:be, come, lie, happen, appear, seemThere is a book on the deskThere comes the bus.公交来了2.(时)表示时间的副词now, then 放在句首,句子的谓语动词是come,主语是名词(不能是代词)。
Now comes your turn.Then came a new difficulty.3.(表)分词短语放在句首,做表语,谓语动词是be,主语是名词。
Lying on the floor was a boy aged 17.Seated on the ground are a group of young people.4.(地)介词短语放在句首作状语,句子的谓语动词不是及物动词(如lie, stand, sit, exist, stretch, come)或系动词be,主语是名词。
In the doorway stood a man with a gun.5.(方)表示方位的副词(如up, down, in ,away, round, here, there)放在句首,句子的谓语动词是表示动作的不及物动词(如go, come, run, rush, fly),主语是名词。
解密12特殊句式(强调,倒装,祈使句,感叹句等)考点详解【考点解读】1. 掌握倒装的必备条件及倒装的具体应用。
2. 熟知强调句的基本结构及其疑问句句式、特殊疑问句式,注意其与结构相似的主从复合句的区别。
3. 掌握省略的一些基本原则,在行文中正确地使用省略。
4. 掌握祈使句、感叹句的基本形式及用法。
5. 掌握反意疑问句的构成和用法。
【命题趋势】近两年高考试卷中的语篇型语法填空题对特殊句式的考查很少,但强调句型、倒装句、there be 句型等均为高中教学的重点内容,所以在高考备考中,考生仍然需要掌握这部分内容,以便有充分的知识储备和较强的综合能力应对高考。
考向1 倒装倒装是英语中常见的一种语言现象,它具有强调、修饰等作用。
倒装可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
一、完全倒装完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
常见的结构有:1. There be句型:其中be可换成live, lie, stand, remain, exist, come, go, seem (appear/ happen/ used) to be等表示"存在"意义的词。
☛There entered a strange little man. 走进来一个奇怪而身材矮小的人。
☛Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前,海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
2. 以here, there, off, out, in, up, down, away, now, then, on等表示方向、位置或时间、地点的副词开头的句子,谓语是come, go, be等动词时,并且其主语为名词时,通常使用完全倒装。
☛Now, here goes the story. 现在,这个故事是这样的。
☛Then came another question. 然后又一个问题被提出来了。
精品高考英语一. 完全倒装完全倒装又可称为全部倒装。
完全倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
常见的结构有:(1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等表示来去或状态的动词。
例如:Then came the teacher. 那时老师来了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
(2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
例如:Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老大妈。
注意:上述全部倒装句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
例如:Here he comes. 他来了。
Away they went. 他们走开了。
二. 部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装放到主语之前。
如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
(1)句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。
例如:Never have I seen such a performance.从未见过如此糟糕的表演。
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.母亲一直到孩子入睡后才离开房间。
(2)当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。
其结构为:Not until+从句状语从句或表时间的词语+助动词主句主语+谓语+...例如:Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会。
典型例题1. Why can’t I smoke here?At no time ______ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit答案A。
这是一个倒装问题。
当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。
这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,not only,not until等。
本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2. Not until the early years of the 19th century ______ what heat is.A. man did knowB. man knowC. didn’t man knowD. did man know答案D。
看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C、D中选一个。
该句的正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 如果将not和until提到句子前时,就用倒装句。
三. 以否定词开头作部分倒装如有结构:Not only…but also, Hardly / Scarcely…when, No sooner… than 等,要用倒装句。
例如:Not only did he refuse the gift, but also he severely criticized the sender.他不但没有收下礼物,而且还狠狠地批评了送礼的人。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.她刚出门,就有个学生来访。
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.她刚出门,就有个学生来访。
典型例题No sooner ______ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game beganB. has the game begunC. did the game beginD. had the game begun答案D。
具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。
这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及not only…but(also),no sooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when 等等。
注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,第一个分句才用倒装结构。
如果置于句首的Not only…but also只连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构,如:Not only you but also I am fond of music。
四. so, neither, nor作部分倒装用这些词表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒装。
例如:Tom can speak French. So can Jack.汤姆会讲法语,杰克也会。
If you won’t go, neither will I.你不去,我也不去。
典型例题— Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?—I don’t know, _____.A. nor don’t I careB. nor do I careC. I don’t care neitherD. I don’t care also答案:B。
nor为增补意思“也不关心”,因此句子应倒装。
A答案中错在用don’t再次否定,C答案中neither用法不对,且缺乏连词。
D答案缺乏连词。
注意:当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。
意为“的确如此”。
例如:Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.汤姆邀我去踢球,我去了。
—It’s raining hard. 雨下得真大— So it is.。
是呀。
五. only在句首倒装的情况例如:Only in this way, can you learn English well.只有这样,你才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次,他才来参加会议。
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。
例如:Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病得很重时,他才卧床休息。
六. as, though 引导的倒装句as / though引起的倒装分三种情况:表语、动词原形及状语的倒装。
(1)表语的倒装一般直接将表语提前到句首,若表语是带不定冠词a / an的单数可数名词,倒装后,不定冠词a / an须被省略。
如:Fine as / though he looks, he is ill with some serious diseases. Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.(2)原形动词的倒装A. 动词前面带有情态动词may,might,will,would,can,could等时,只将行为动词提到句首,而这些情态动词保留在原处。
B. 若动词前面没有情态动词时,应在动词原来的位置加上助动词do的适当形式。
C. 用于这一句型的动词一般是不及物动词,而不能是系动词或及物动词。
如:Swim as / though he can, he can’t swim so far. 尽管他会游泳,但是他游得不那么远。
Run as / though he did, he didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus. 虽然他跑,但是他跑得不够快而没有赶上汽车。
(3)状语倒装In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesn’t read his texts. 尽管他待在教室里,但他不读书。
Carefully as / though he worked, he made some mistakes. 尽管他工作很细心,但还是出了一些差错。
七. 其他部分倒装(1)so… that句型中的so位于句首时,需倒装。
例如:So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.他害怕得很,动也不敢动。
(2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中。
例如:May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。
(3)在虚拟语气条件句中,从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词,可将if 省略,把were,had,should移到主语之前,用部分倒装形式。
例如:Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话,就再试一次。
典型例题:1. Not until the early years of the 20th century ______ what a computer is.A. man did knowB. man knewC. didn’t man knowD. did man know答案为D。
否定词Not在句首,要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.A. didn’t I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realize答案为B。
3. Do you know Tom bought a new car?I don’t know, ______.A. nor don’t I careB. nor do I careC. I don’t care neitherD. I don’t care also答案为B。