英语专业八级词汇表

专业英语八级词汇-18(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Everyone knows that human language can be a superb meansof communication. Therefore, it can be damnably misleading (1)a barrier to people's understanding with each other, and never (2)more so than when names given for the ease of classification (3)are taken to mean more than they do. If, for instance, they saythat this man is white and that man coloured, we say no morethan truth as long as we understand that we are speaking only ofthe colour of the skin. We can also make neutral and honest comments (4)such as that "A" is above average height, has little than the average (5)intelligence, is red-haired, is born in the north, and is left-handed.The danger raises when we find other men who are white or coloured, (6)who are tall, stupid, red-haired, northerners, or sinister. It isthen we begin to correlate one fact with another and to make assumptions (7)about other characteristics, which we believe are linked to the (8)features we first observe. So that when we talk about the white (9)or the coloured, we are apt to imply and believe that each adjectivetells us more about the person in the question than it can. We (10)are making them into portmanteau words into which we havepacked our hopes, our wishes, our prejudices and our fears.（分数：20.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Therefore→However）解析：[解析] 原文中的“人类语言是交流的极好工具”和“它可能造成误导”之间应该是轻微的转折关系，因此将表因果关系的therefore改为however。

词汇表说明：1. 本表共收约3500个单词。

2. 带*号的单词为八级要求掌握的词汇。

3. 本词汇表不列词组和短语。

4. 本词汇表不列语法术语。

5. 部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等不单列。

6. 国家名称及相关信息单独列出。

7. 数字（含基数词、序数词）、星期、月份等词单独列出。

A ability na(n) art able a* abandon v * abnormal aaboard prep accurate a* abolish v accuse v* abortion n * accustomed aabout ad & prep ache v & nabove prep, a & ad achieve vabroad a & ad achievement n* abrupt a acid a*absence n * acknowledge vabsent a * acquaintance n* absolute a * acquire vabsorb v * acquisition n* abstract a & n acre n* absurd a across prep* abundant a act n & v* abuse v action nacademic a& n active a* academy n activity n* accelerate v actor naccent n actress naccept v actual a* access n & v *acute a* accessible a AD naccident n ad = advertisement n * accommodation n * adapt v* accountant n * adaptation n* accomplish v add vaccount n * addicted a* accountant n * addition n* accumulate v address n* accuracy n * adequate a* adjust v again ad* adjustment n against prep administration n age n* admirable a * agency nadmire v * agenda n* admission n * agent nadmit v * aggressive a* adolescence n ago ad* adolescent n agree v* adopt v agreement n* adore v * agricultural a adult n * agriculture n advance v & n ahead ad advantage n aid n & v adventure n AIDS nadvertise v aim n & v advertisement n air nadvice n aircraft nadvise v airline n*advocate v airmail naffair n airplane n* affect v airport n*affection n airspace nafford v * alarm n & vafraid a *album n Africa n alcohol n African a & n * alcoholic a & n after ad prep & conj * algebra n afternoon n alike ad afterward (s) ad alive aall ad, a & pron among prep allergic a amoun v & v* alley n * ample a* allocate v * amuse v allow v amusement n* allowance n analyse v almost ad analysis n alone a ancestor n along ad & prep * anchor v & n * alongside ad ancient aaloud ad and conj alphabet n * anecdote n already ad anger nalso ad angle n alternative a angry a although conj animal n altitude n ankle n altogether ad * anniversary n aluminium n announce v always ad annoy vam v (be) *annual aam. /am, AM. /AM n another a & pron * amateur a answer n& v amaze v ant namazing a Antarctic n America n * antique n ambassador (ambassadress) n anxiety n* ambiguous a anxious a* ambition n any pron & a ambulance n anybody pronanyhow ad * arbitrary a anyone pron * arch nanything pron architect n anyway ad * architecture n anywhere ad Arctic n* apart ad & a are v(be) apartment n area napologize v argue vapology n argument n* apparent a arise (arose, arisen) v * appeal v & n arithmetic n appear v arm n & v appearance n armchair n appendix n army n* appetite n around ad & prep* applaud v & n arrange v* apple n arrangement n applicant n arrest v application n arrival napply v arrive v* appoint v arrow n appointment n art nappreciate v article n* appreciation n * artificial a approach n & v artist n*appropriate a as ad, conj & prep * approval n ash n* approve v ashamed a approximately ad Asia napron n Asian a & naside ad attract vask v * attraction n asleep a attractive a aspect n audience n* assess v aunt n* assessment n * authentic a* assist v author n* assistance n * authority nassistant n automatic a* associate v * autonomous a association n autumn n* assume v available a*assumption n avenue n* astonish v average a & nastronaut n * avoid vastronomer n awake (awoke, awoken) v & a astronomy n award nat prep aware aathlete n away ad* athletic a * awesome aAtlantic a awful aatmosphere n * awkward aatom nattach v Battack v & n baby n* attain v * bachelor nattempt v & n back ad, a & n* attend v background nattention n backward (s) adattitude n bacon n* bacterium (pl bacteria) n basis nbad (worse, worst) a basket nbadminton n basketball nbag n bat nbaggage n bath n* bakery n bathe vbalance n bathroom n* balcony n bathtub nball n battery n* ballet n battle nballoon n * bay nbamboo n BC n* ban n & v be (am, is, are, was, were,) banana n being, been) vband n beach n* bandage n bean nbank n * bean curd nbar n bear nbarbecue n bear v* barber n beard n* barbershop n beast n* bare a beat (beat, beaten) v & n bargain n & v beautiful abark v & n beauty n* barrier n because conjbase n become (became, become) v baseball n bed nbasement n * beddings nbasic a bedroom nbasin n bee nbeef n big abeer n bike = bicycle nbefore prep, ad. & conj bill nbeg v * bingo nbegin (began, begun) v * biochemistry n* behalf n * biographybehave v biology nbehaviour n bird nbehind prep & ad birth n* being n birthday nbelief n birthplace nbelieve v biscuit nbell n * bishop n* belly n bit nbelong v bite (bit, bitten) vbelow prep bitter abelt n black n & abench n blackboard nbend (bent, bent) v blame n & vbeneath prep blank n & a*beneficial a blanket nbenefit n & v bleed v* bent a & n * bless vbeside prep blind abesides prep & ad block n & v* betray v blood nbetween prep blouse nbeyond prep blow (blew, blown) v bicycle n blue n& a* bid v & n board n & vboat n boxing nbody n boy nboil v * boycott vbomb n & v brain n* bond n & v brake n & vbone n branch nbonus n brand nbook n & v brave a* boom n & v * bravery nboot n bread n* booth n break (broke, broken) v & n * border n breakfast nbored a * breakthrough nboring a breast nborn a breath nborrow v breathe vboss n * breathless a* botanical a * brewery n* botany n *brick nboth a & pron bride nbother v bridegroom nbottle n bridge nbottom n brief a* bounce v bright a* bound a brilliant a* boundary n bring (brought, brought) v* bow v & n broad abowl n broadcast (broadcast, broadcast 或) bowling n -ed, -ed) vbox n * brochure nbroken a button n & vbroom n buy (bought, bought) vbrother n by prepbrown n & a bye int* brunch nbrush v & n C* Buddhism n * cab nbudget n cabbage n* buffet n cafénbuild (built, built) v & n * cafeteriabuilding n cage nbunch n * calculate v* bungalow n cake n* burden n call n & v* bureaucratic calm a & vburglar n camel nburn (burnt, burnt或–ed, -ed) camera nv & n camp n & v* burst v * campaignbury v can (could); can’t = cannot modal v bus n can nbush n * canal nbusiness n cancel vbusinessman /woman cancer n(pl businessmen / women) n * candidate nbusy a candle nbut conj & prep candy nbutcher n & v canteen nbutter n cap nbutterfly n capital n* capsule n cattle ncaptain n cause n & v* caption n * caution ncar n cautious a* carbon n cave ncard n CD = compact diskcare n & v ceiling ncareful a celebrate vcareless a * celebration ncarpenter n * cell ncarpet n cent ncarriage n centigrade a* carrier n centimetre (Am centimeter) n carrot n central acarry v centre (Am center) n cartoon n century n* carve v ceremony ncase n certain acash n & v * certificate ncassette n chain n* cast (cast, cast) v chair ncastle n chairman /woman* casual a (pl chairmen / women) n cat n chalk n* catalogue n challenge n* catastrophe n challenging acatch (caught, caught) v * champion n* category n chance n* cater v change n & v* catholic a * changeable achannel n choice nchant v & n * choir n* chaos n * choke n & vcharacter n choose (chose, chosen) v * characteristic a chopsticks ncharge v & n * chorus nchapter n * Christian nchart n Christmas nchat n & v church ncheap a cigar ncheat n & v cigarette ncheck n & v cinema ncheek n circle n & vcheer n & v * circuit ncheerful a * circulate v* cheers int * circumstance n cheese n circus nchef n citizen nchemical a & n city nchemist n civil achemistry n * civilian ncheque (Am check) n civilization nchess n clap vchest n * clarify vchew v class nchicken n classic achief a & n * classify vchild (pl children) n classmate n childhood n classroom n chocolate n claw n* clay n collar nclean v & a * colleague ncleaner n collect vclear a * collection nclerk n college nclever a * collision n* click v colour (Am color) n & v climate n comb n & vclimb v * combine vclinic n come (came, come) v clock n * comedy nclone v comfort nclose a & ad comfortable a cloth n * command n & v clothes n comment n clothing n * commercial a cloud n * commit v cloudy a * commitment n club n committee n* clumsy a common acoach n communicate v coal n communication n coast n * communism n coat n * communist n & a cocoa n companion n coffee n company ncoin n compare v* coincidence n * compass ncoke n * compensate v cold a & n compete v* competence n connection n competition n * conscience n complete a & v * consensus n* complex a & n consequence n* component n * conservation n composition n * conservative a comprehension n consider v* compromise v * considerate a* compulsory a consideration n computer n consist v concentrate v * consistent a concept n constant a concern v & n * constitution n concert n * construct v conclude v construction n conclusion n consult v* concrete a * consultant n condition n * consume v* condemn v contain vconduct v * container n conductor n contemporary a confident a content n* confidential a content a conference n continent nconfirm v continue v* conflict n * contradict v confuse v * contradictory a* congratulate v contrary n & a congratulation n * contribute v connect v contribution ncontrol v & n couple n* controversial a courage n convenience n course nconvenient a court n* conventional a courtyard n conversation n cousin n* convey v cover n & v* convince v cow ncook n & v * crash v & ncooker n crayon ncookie n crazy acool a * cream ncopy n & v create vcorn n creature ncorner n credit ncorporation n * crew ncorrect v & a crime ncorrection n criminal n* correspond v * criterion (pl criteria) n * corrupt a & v crop ncost n cross n & vcosy a * crossing ncottage n crossroads ncotton n & a crowd n & vcough n & v cruel acould modal v cry n & vcount v * cube n* counter n * cubic acountry n * cuisine n countryside n culture ncup n date n & vcupboard n daughter n* cure n & v * dawn n* curious a day n* currency n dead a* curriculum n * deadline ncurtain n deaf a* cushion n deal ncustom n dear acustomer n death n* customs n * debate n & vcut (cut, cut) v & n debt ncycle v * decade ncyclist n decide vdecision nD * declare vdad = daddy n * decline vdaily a, ad & n decorate v* dam n * decoration ndamage n & v decrease vdamp a & n deed ndance n & v deep a & addanger n deer ndangerous a defeat vdare v & modal v defence (Am defense) n dark n & a defend vdarkness n degree n* dash v & n * delay n & vdata n * delete v & n* database n * deliberately ad* delicate a dial vdelicious a dialogue (Am dialog) n *delight n diamond ndelighted a diary n* deliver v dictation ndemand v dictionary ndentist n die vdepartment (Dept.) n diet n* departure n differ vdepend v difference n* deposit v & n different a* depth n difficult adescribe v difficulty n description n dig (dug, dug) vdesert vt & n * digest vdeserve v * digital adesign n, v & n * dignity ndesire v & n * dilemma ndesk n * dimension n* desperate a dinner ndessert n dinosaur n* destination n * dioxide ndestroy v dip vdetective n * diploma n determine v direct a & vdevelop v direction n development n director ndevote v *directory n devotion n dirty a* diagram n disability ndisabled a * diverse v disadvantage n divide vdisagree v division n disagreement n divorce vdisappear v * dizzy a* disappoint v do (did, done) vdisappointed a doctor ndisaster n document ndiscount n dog n* discourage v doll ndiscover v dollar ndiscovery n * donate v*discrimination n door ndiscuss v dormitory (dorm) n discussion n * dot ndisease n double a & n*disgusting a doubt n & vdish n down prep & addisk = disc n *download n & vdislike v downstairs addismiss v downtown ad, n & adistance n dozen ndistant a Dr = doctor ndistinction n * draft n & vdistinguish v drag v* distribute v draw (drew, drawn) vdistrict n * drawback ndisturb v drawer n* disturbing a dream (dreamt, dreamt或-ed, -ed) dive v n & vdress n & v earn vdrill n & v earth ndrink (drank, drunk) v earthquake ndrive (drove, driven) v east a, ad & ndriver n Easter ndrop n & v eastern adrug n easy adrum n eat (ate, eaten) vdrunk a * ecology ndry v & a edge nduck n * edition n* due a editor n* dull a educate v dumpling n educator n during prep education ndusk n * effect ndust n effort ndustbin n egg ndusty a eggplant nduty n either a, conj & ad DVD = digital versatile disk n elder n* dynamic a * elect v* dynasty n electric aelectrical aE electricity n each a & pron * electronic a* eager a * eleganteagle n elephant near n else adearly a & ad e-mail n & v embarrass v envy v & n embassy n equal a & v emergency n * equality n* emperor n * equip v employ v equipment n empty a eraser n encourage v error n encouragement n * erupt vend n & v escape n & v* ending n especially ad* endless a essay nenemy n Europe n energetic a European a & n energy n * evaluate v engine n even ad engineer n evening nenjoy v event n enjoyable a * eventually ad* enlarge v ever adenough n, a & ad every a* enquiry n everybody pron enter v everyday a* enterprise n everyone pron* entertainment n everything pron enthusiastic a everywhere ad entire a evidence n entrance n * evident a* entry n * evolution n envelope n exact a environment n exam = examination n examine v extra aexample n extraordinary a excellent a extreme aexcept prep eye nexchange n eyesight nexcite vexcuse n & v Fexercise n & v face n & v exhibition n facial aexist v fact nexistence n factory nexit n * fade v* expand fail v & nexpect v failure n expectation n fair a* expense n fair nexpensive a * faith n experience n fall (fell, fallen) v experiment n fall (Am) = autumn expert n false aexplain v familiar a explanation n family n* explicit a famous aexplode v fan n* explore n * fancy n, v & aexport n & v fantastic a* expose v * fantasy nexpress v & n far (farther, farthest或further, expression n furthest) a* extension n fare nfarm n fight (fought, fought) n & v farmer n * figure n & vfast a & ad file n* fasten v fill vfat n & a film n & vfather n final afault n * financefavour (Am favor) n find (found, found) v favourite (Am favorite) a & n fine afax n & v fine vfear n finger n* feast n * fingernail nfeather n finish v & n* federal a fire n & vfee n * fireworks nfeed (fed, fed) v firm nfeel (felt, felt) v firm afeeling n fish n & vfellow n fisherman nfemale a & n fist nfence n fit a &v* ferry n fix vfestival n & a flag nfetch v flame nfever n flash nfew pron & a flashlight n* fibre (Am fiber) n flat n* fiction n flat afield n * flee (fled, fled) vfierce a * flexible aflesh n foreign aflight n foreigner n* float v * foresee (forsaw, forseen) v flood n & v forest nfloor n forever adflour n forget (forgot, forgot/forgotten) v flow v * forgetful aflower n forgive (forgave, forgiven) v flu n fork n* fluency a form n & vfluent a *format nfly (flew, flown) v * former afly n * fortnight nfocus v & n fortunate afog n * fortune nfoggy a forty numfold v forward adfolk a found vfollow v * fountain nfond a fox nfood n franc nfool n & v * fragile afoolish a * fragrant afoot (pl feet) n * framework nfootball n free afor prep & conj freedom n* forbid (forbade, forbidden) v freeway nforce v freeze (froze, frozen) v forecast n & v * freezing aforehead n frequent afresh a game n* friction n garage nfridge = refrigerator n garbage nfriend n garden nfriendly a garlic nfriendship n * garment nfrighten v gas nfrog n gate nfrom prep * gather vfront a & n * gay a* frontier n general a & nfrost n generation nfruit n generous afry v gentle afuel n gentleman nfull a geography nfun n & a * geometry n function n & v gesture n* fundamental a get (got, got) v* funeral n gift nfunny a gifted afur n giraffe n* furnished a girl nfurniture n give (gave, given) v future n glad a* glance vG * glare vgain v glass n* gallery n * globe n* gallon n glory nglove n * graph nglue n grasp vgo (went, gone) v grass n* goal n * grateful agoat n * gravity ngod n great a & adgold n & a greedy agolden a green a & ngolf n greengrocer n good (better, best) a * greet v* goods n greeting ngoose (pl geese) n grey (Am gray) a* govern v * grill n government n * grocer ngrade n grocery n* gradual a ground ngraduate v group ngraduation n grow (grew, grown) v grain n * growth ngram n * guarantee v grammar n guard n* grand a guess vgrandchild n guest n granddaughter n guidance ngrandma = grandmother n guide ngrandpa = grandfather n guilty a grandparents n guitar ngrandson n gun ngranny n gym = gymnasium n grape n gymnastics nH hat nhabit n * hatch vhair n hate v & n* haircut n have (has, had, had) v half a & n he pronhall n head n & vham n headache n hamburger n * headline n hammer n headmaster / mistress n hand n & v health nhandbag n healthy a* handful n hear (heard, heard) v handkerchief n * hearing nhandle n & v heart nhandsome a heat nhandwriting n heaven n* handy a heavy ahang (hung, hung或-ed, -ed) v heel nhappen v height nhappiness n helicopter nhappy a hello intharbour (Am barbor) n * helmet nhard ad & a help n & vhardly ad helpful a* hardship n hen nhardworking a her pronharm n & v * herb nharmful a here ad* harmony n hero nharvest n & v hers pronherself pron horse nhesitate v hospital nhi int host n & vhide (hid, hidden) v hostess nhigh a & ad hot ahighway n hotdog nhill n hotel nhim pron hour nhimself pron house nhire v housewife nhis pron housework nhistory n how adhit (hit, hit) n & v however ad & conj hobby n * howl vhold (held, held) v hug vhole n huge aholiday n human a & n* holy a human being nhome n & ad humorous a homeland n humour (Am humor) n hometown n hunger n homework n hungry ahonest a hunt vhoney n hunter nhonour (Am honor) n & v * hurricane n* hook n & v hurry vhope n & v hurt (hurt, hurt) v hopeful a husband n hopeless a * hydrogen n horrible aI independence n I pron independent a ice n indicate vice-cream n industry nidea n influence n & v identity n * inform v* identification n information n idiom n * initial aif conj injure v* ignore v injury nill a ink nillegal a inn nillness n innocent a imagine v insect n immediately ad insert v* immigration n inside prep & ad * import v & n insist v importance n inspect v important a * inspire v impossible a instant a* impress v instead ad impression n institute n improve v * institution nin prep & ad instruct vinch n instruction n incident n instrument n include v insurance n income n * insure v increase v & n intelligence n indeed a * intend vintention n jeep ninterest n * jet n interesting a jewellery n international a job nInternet n * jog v interpreter n join vinterrupt v joke n* interval n journalist n interview n & v journey ninto prep joy nintroduce v judge n & v introduction n judgement n invent v juice n invention n jump n & v invitation n * jungle ninvite v junior airon n & v just a & ad* irrigation n justice nisland nit pron Kits pron kangaroo nitself pron keep (kept, kept) vkettle nJ key njacket n keyboard njam n kick v & njar n kid njaw n kill vjazz n kilo njeans n kilogram n kilometre n last a & vkind n late a & adkind a * latter n kindergarten n laugh n & v kindness n laughter nking n * laundry nkingdom n law nkiss n & v lawyer nkitchen n lay (laid, laid) v kite n lazy aknee n lead (led, led) v & n knife (pl knives) n leader nknock n & v leaf (pl leaves) n know (knew, known) v * league n knowledge n leak vlearn (learnt, learnt) L least nlab = laboratory n leather nlabour (Am labor) n leave (left, left) v * lack n & v lecture nlady n left a, ad & nlake n leg nlamb n legal a* lame a lemon n & alamp n lemonade nland n & v lend (lent, lent) v language n length n* lantern n lesson nlap n let (let, let) vlarge a letter nlevel n load n* liberty n * loaf n* liberation n local a* librarian n lock n & vlibrary n lonely alicense n long a & adlid n look n & vlie n & v link v & nlie v loose alife (pl lives) n lorry nlift v & n * loss nlight n, v & a lose (lost, lost) vlightning n lot nlike v & prep loud alikely a * lounge nlimit v love n & vline n & v lovely alink v low a & adlion n luck nlip n lucky aliquid n & a luggage nlist n & v lunch nlisten v lung nliterature nliterary a Mlitre (Am liter) n machine nlitter v mad alittle (less, least) a madam / madame nlive v & a magazine nlively a magic a* maid n material nmail n & v mathematics = math / maths n mailbox n * matter n & vmain a * mature amainland n * maximum a & nmajor a may modal vmajority n maybe admake (made, made) v me pronmake n meal nmale a & n mean (meant, meant) vman (pl men) n meaning nmanage v * means nmanager n * meanwhile admankind n measure v* manner n meat nmany (more, most) pron & a medal nmap n * media n* maple n medical a* marathon n medicine n* marble n * medium nmarch n & v meet (met, met) v & nmark n & v meeting nmarket n * melon nmarriage n member nmarry v * memorial n* mask n & v memory n* mass n mend vmaster v mental amat n mention n & vmatch v & n menu n* merchant a & n minute n* merciful a mirror nmercy n miss v* merely ad miss nmerry a missile n* mess n * mist nmessage n mistake (mistook, mistaken) v & n * messy a mistaken ametal n & a misunderstand (misunderstood, method n misunderstood) vmetre (Am meter) n mix v* microscope n mixture n* microwave n mm = millimetre nmiddle n * mobile amidnight n model nmight modal v modem nmild a modern amile n modest amilk n & v mom = mum nmillionaire n moment nmind n & v mommy = mummy nmine pron money nmine n & v monitor n* mineral n monkey nminibus n month n* minimum a * monument n* minister n moon n* ministry n * mop n & vminority n moral a & nminus prep & a more (much, many) a, ad & n morning n must modal v* Moslem n * mustard nmosquito n * mutton nmother n my pronmotherland n myself pron* motivation n* motor n Nmotorcycle n nail n* motto n name n & vmountain n narrow a* mountainous a nation n* mourn v national amouse (pl mice) n nationality nmoustache n * nationwide admouth n native amove v natural amovement n nature nmovie n * navy nMr. (mister) n near a, ad & prepMrs. (mistress) n nearby aMs. n nearly admud n neat amuddy necessary amultiply v neck nmurder v necklace nmuseum n need n & modal v mushroom n needle nmusic n * negotiate v* musical a & n neighbour (Am neighbor) n musician nneighbourhood northern a (Am neighborhood) n northwest n neither a nose nnephew n not adnervous a note n & vnest n notebook nnet n nothing n, ad & v network n notice n & v never ad novel nnew a * novelist n news n now ad newspaper n nowadays ad next a & ad nowhere adnice a nuclear aniece n * numb anight n number nno ad & a nurse nNo. = number n nursery n* noble a nut nnobody n & pron * nutrition n nod vnoise n Onoisy a obey vnone pron object nnoodle n observe vnoon n * obtain vnor conj * obvious a normal n & a * occupation n north a, ad & n occupy v northeast n * occur v ocean n operator n Oceania n opinion no’clock n* oppose vof prep opposite n & a off prep & ad optimistic a* offence n * optional aoffer n & v or conjoffice n oral aofficer n orange n & aofficial n & a * orbit n* offshore a order n & voften ad ordinary aoh int * organ noil n & v organize (Am organize) v * oilfield n organization nO.K. ad * origin nold a other pron & a Olympic(s) a & n otherwise adon prep & ad ought modal vonce n, ad & conj our pronone pron ours prononeself pron ourselves prononion n out adonly a & ad * outcome nonto prep outdoors adopen a & v outer a* opening n outgoing a* opera n outing noperate v * outline noperation n * output noutside n, ad & prep painting n* outspoken a pair n* outstanding a palace n* outward (s) ad pale a* oval n & ad * pan nover prep & ad * pancake novercoat n panda novercome v * panic a & v* overhead a paper n* overlook v * paperwork n* overweight a paragraph n* owe v * parallel nown a & v parcel nowner n pardon n* ownership n parent nox (pl oxen) n park noxygen n park vparking nP parrot npace n part n, a & v pacific a *participate v pack n & v * particular a package n * partly ad* packet n partner n* paddle n part-time a & ad page n party npain n pass vpainful a passage npaint n & v passenger n painter n * passer-by n* passive a perfect a passport n * perform v past ad, n & prep * performance n * patent n * performer n path n * perfume n patience n perhaps ad patient n period n patient a * permanent a pattern n permission n* pause n & v * permit v & n pavement n person npay (paid, paid) v & n personal aP.E. = physical education n * personnel n P.C. = personal computer n personally ad pea n persuade v peace n * pest n peaceful a pet npeach n petrol n。

英语专业八级语言学总结1、语言的区别性特征：Design of features of language任意性 arbitrariness 指语言符号和它代表的意义没有天然的联系二重性 duality 指语言由两层结构组成创造性 creativity 指语言可以被创造移位性 displacement 指语言可以代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、时间、观点2、语言的功能信息功能 informative人际功能 interpersonal施为功能 performative感情功能 emotive function寒暄功能 phatic communication娱乐功能 recreational function元语言功能 metalingual function3、语言学主要分支语音学 phonetics 研究语音的产生、传播、接受过程，考查人类语言中的声音音位学 phonology 研究语音和音节结构、分布和序列形态学 morphology 研究词的内部结构和构词规则句法学 syntax 研究句子结构，词、短语组合的规则语义学 semantics 不仅关心字词作为词汇的意义，还有语言中词之上和之下的意义。

如语素和句子的意义语用学 pragmatics 在语境中研究意义4、宏观语言学 macrolingustics心理语言学 psycholinguistics 社会语言学 sociolinguistics 人类语言学 anthropological lingui stics 计算机语言学 computational linguistics5语言学中的重要区别规定式和描写式：规定式：prescriptive说明事情应该是怎么样的描写式：descriptive 说明事情本来是怎么样的共时研究和历时研究：共时：synchronic 研究某个特定时期语言历时：diachronic 研究语言发展规律语言和言语：语言：langue指语言系统的整体言语：parole指具体实际运用的语言语言能力和语言运用：乔姆斯基(chomsky提出)能力：competence用语言的人的语言知识储备运用：performance 真实的语言使用者在实际中的语言使用二、语音学1、语音学分支发音语音学articulatory phonetics研究语言的产生声学语言学acoustic phonetics 研究语音的物理属性听觉语音学 auditory phonetics 研究语言怎样被感知2 IPA（国际音标）是由daniel Jones琼斯提出的三、音位学1、最小对立体minimal pairs2、音位 phoneme3 音位变体 allophones [p h] span 和[p =]4 互补分布 complementary distribution5 自由变体 free variation6 区别特征 distinctive features7 超音段特征 suprasegmental feature音节 syllable 重音stress 语调tone 声调intonation四形态学1 词的构成语素morpheme 自由语素free morpheme 粘着语素bound morphemeRoot 词根词缀affix 词干stem屈折词汇和派生词汇 inflectional affix and derivational affix屈折词汇是指比如表复数的-s，所有歌的’s，表时态的-ing,-ed派生词汇有一定的意义，往往能改变词性，如-er，re-2特有的词汇变化lexical change proper新创词语invention 混拼词blending 缩写词abbreviation(clipping)首字母缩写词 acronym 逆构词汇back-formation例：editor—edit类推构词analogiacal creation 例：work-worked,,slay-slayed外来词 borrowing复合法compounding 派生法derivation 转化conversionOpen class of word: 名词动词形容词五句法学1传统句法：Traditional syntax范畴category (主谓一致)数number 性gender 格case时tense体aspect一致关系concord支配关系govenrment简单句simple sentence 并列句coordinate sentence 复合句complex sentence2 结构主义学派the structure approach组合关系 syntagmatic relation词和词组合在一起聚合关系 paradigmatic 具有共同的语法作用的词聚在一起结构和成分 construction and constituents :句子不仅是线性结构liner structure还是层级结构hierarchical structure (句子或短语被称为结构体，而构成句子或短语即结构体的称为成分)3直接成分分析法 immediate constitutional analysis IC analysis指把句子分成直接成分－短语，再把这些短语依次切分，得到下一集直接成分，这样层层切分，直到不能再分4向心结构和离心结构endocentric and exocentric constructions向心：指一个结构中有中心词，例an old man ,中心为man离心：指结构中没有明显的中心词。

2020专业八级英语词汇表摘要：一、前言二、专业八级英语词汇的重要性三、2020 年专业八级英语词汇表概述1.词汇量及难度2.词汇的分类3.新增词汇及热点词汇四、如何高效学习和使用专业八级英语词汇1.制定学习计划2.多渠道学习3.结合实际应用场景五、总结正文：一、前言随着全球化的发展和国际交流的日益频繁，英语作为国际通用语言在我国的地位日益重要。

专业八级英语作为英语学习的一个较高层次，对词汇量的要求较高。

为此，我们整理了2020 年专业八级英语词汇表，以帮助广大英语学习者更好地掌握和运用英语词汇。

二、专业八级英语词汇的重要性专业八级英语词汇是英语学习者掌握英语语言的基础，只有掌握了足够的词汇，才能在听、说、读、写、译等各方面取得更好的成绩。

同时，丰富的词汇量也是提高英语实际应用能力的关键。

三、2020 年专业八级英语词汇表概述1.词汇量及难度2020 年专业八级英语词汇表共收录词汇约8000 个，相较于以往年份略有增加。

词汇难度较高，涵盖了政治、经济、科技、文化、社会等多个领域。

2.词汇的分类词汇表按照词性、主题等进行分类，方便学习者查找和记忆。

同时，每个词汇都附有中文解释、例句及常用短语，帮助学习者更好地理解和运用。

3.新增词汇及热点词汇2020 年专业八级英语词汇表中新增词汇主要包括近年来出现的新词、热词及一些常用短语。

这些词汇反映了时代的发展和社会的变化，学习者应重点关注和掌握。

四、如何高效学习和使用专业八级英语词汇1.制定学习计划学习者应根据自己的实际情况，制定合理的学习计划，确保按部就班地学习词汇。

同时，要合理安排时间，避免临时抱佛脚。

2.多渠道学习学习者可以通过词汇书、在线课程、手机APP 等多种途径学习专业八级英语词汇，充分利用各种资源，提高学习效果。

3.结合实际应用场景学习者应在实际场景中运用所学词汇，如参加英语角、观看英语电影、阅读英文文章等。

这样既能检验自己的词汇水平，又能提高英语实际运用能力。

英语八级单词
英语八级单词通常指的是指英语水平考试中的高级水平，有时也称为英语八级考试（CET-8，College English Test Level 8）。

这个考试是中国教育部主管的英语水平考试之一，旨在评估考生的英语能力，尤其是对于大学生或专业人士来说，这是一个重要的英语水平证书。

英语八级考试所涉及的词汇范围非常广泛，一般包括各种主题和领域的词汇。

以下是一些可能涉及的八级考试的词汇范围的示例：
1.日常生活：包括基础的日常用词、动词、名词等。

2.学术词汇：涉及各种学科领域的专业词汇，如科学、技术、医学、经济、法律等。

3.实用表达：常用于正式场合或商务交流的表达方式、习语和俗语。

4.时事话题：与时事、政治、经济、文化等相关的词汇。

5.文学作品：一些常见的文学作品、作者、文学术语等。

八级词汇量通常要求达到一定程度，可以流利地表达和理解各种主题，并能够阅读和理解各种类型的文章。

考生可以通过阅读英文报纸、杂志、文学作品，背诵单词表和参加模拟考试等方式来积累和巩固词汇量。

需要指出的是，这些词汇只是参考范围，具体的词汇表和内容可能根据考试要求有所不同。

曲根英语专业八级词汇精讲主讲：曲根第一节如何记忆单词阅读记忆生词圈出，反复研读句子，勾画词组，了解替换，熟词辟意词根、词缀、词源、字母组合规律记单词前缀：确定肯定、否定和方向后缀：确定词性词根：确定词义regress v后退，退步-gress: to goprogress v.进步re- 再一次；向后ingress n.进入in-: intoimprovise vi.即兴创作vis-: to seeim-: into; notbenefactor n. 行善者，施主fact-: to make一、词源记忆法（如何找词源：看读音，看拼写，看意思）如果单词没有词根词缀，则依据单词词源（etymology）。

顾名思义，指词的来源。

主要适用于单音节词汇，帮助考生解释词根。

如何寻找词源：首先需去掉词根与词缀。

其次，看读音，看拼写，最重要的是看意思。

EX: shelter n.v 避难所，保护shield n. 盾牌，保护Shell即为词源。

Shell是贝壳。

起保护作用。

在词源的结尾加辅音字母t或者d，并作相应变化，即为shield与shelter。

EX: fetter n. v. 束缚，脚镣。

词源为feet，去掉元音e，加词缀ter，构成fetter。

词源变化规则1.原音之间可以互换a,e,i,o,u,yEX: feasible a可行的例如：a feasible plan一个可行的计划feas=fac=fact原音和原音字母组合之间替换。

Fact本义是制造。

例如，factory工厂，manufacturing制造业。

此处，将元音字母a替换成ea，而c相当于s。

例如，advice与advise；practice与practise。

Ible=able。

2.辅音之间可以互换p/b, t/d, k/g/c/qu, f/v, s/z/x/thEX: wife（妻子）变复数形式为wives。

F与v之间发生替换。

EX: disburse v支付，付款= pay for。

英语专业八级词汇记忆技巧在学习英语的过程中，词汇是非常重要的一部分。

尤其对于英语专业的学生来说，八级词汇的记忆更是必不可少的。

本文将为大家分享一些有效的英语专业八级词汇记忆技巧。

一、积累与巩固首先，要把词汇的积累作为长期的目标进行。

每天抽出固定的时间，利用各种学习资源积极地记忆新单词。

可以通过阅读英文文章、听力材料、背诵词汇表等方式进行积累。

同时，记忆一些常用的词根、前缀和后缀也是很有帮助的，可以帮助我们更好地理解和记忆新的单词。

另外，记忆词汇时要注重巩固。

可以通过反复复习已学过的单词，帮助巩固记忆。

同时，还可以利用词汇卡片、词汇本等工具进行复习，将词汇分成若干个小组进行记忆。

二、联系与应用除了积累和巩固，联系和应用也是记忆词汇的重要环节。

单纯地记忆词汇表中的单词是远远不够的，还需要将其运用到实际的语境中，提高对单词的理解和记忆。

可以选择一些语境丰富的文章、故事或对话材料，将新学的单词融入其中。

通过读、写、听、说等方式进行联系和应用，帮助我们更好地掌握这些单词。

另外，也可以利用各种辅助工具进行联系和应用。

例如，使用英语学习APP，参加英语角或英语辩论社团等，都可以帮助我们积极地运用所学的词汇。

三、联想与记忆联想是记忆词汇的一种高效的方法。

通过将新学的单词与已经熟悉的内容进行联想，可以帮助我们更快地记住这些单词。

联想可以通过多种方式进行。

例如，可以将词汇与自己的经历、感受进行联想，将抽象的单词转化为具体的形象，帮助记忆。

同时，还可以通过构建词汇网络，将相关的单词进行联想和串连，形成记忆的框架。

四、技巧与方法除了以上的基本方法外，还有一些技巧和方法可以帮助我们更好地记忆英语专业八级词汇。

1. 制定学习计划：制定合理的学习计划，按计划进行词汇的积累和学习，避免盲目记忆和浪费时间。

2. 创造学习环境：营造一个良好的学习环境，远离干扰，并保持专注力。

可以选择一个安静的地方，集中精力进行学习。

3. 创造记忆场景：通过创造具体的记忆场景，将单词和场景联系起来，帮助记忆。