培根《论读书》译文比较赏析

【原文】Of Studies——Francis Bacon Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling ofaffairs come best from those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for naturalabilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; butthat is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some booksare to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meanersort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for theyare cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.谈读书——王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。

培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏阅读是我们获取知识的重要手段，下面是培根著名的关于读书的一篇美文——论读书，并奉上另外两个版本的译文。

对于好的书，可以多加研读，对于普通书籍，知其大意即可，就像在快速阅读中，阅读是弹性的，你可以选择对内容把握程度的深浅。

“有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以生吞，而有少数书应该细嚼慢咽，融会贯通”——谈读书——王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。

其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。

读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。

书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。

换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。

书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。

读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。

人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。

滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。

如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。

【原文】Of Studies——Francis Bacon Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and somefew to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove andillustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.谈读书——王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。

培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏阅读就是我们获取知识的重要手段,下面就是培根著名的关于读书的一篇美文——论读书,并奉上另外两个版本的译文。

对于好的书,可以多加研读,对于普通书籍,知其大意即可,就像在快速阅读中,阅读就是弹性的,您可以选择对内容把握程度的深浅。

“有些书可以浅尝辄止,有些书可以生吞,而有少数书应该细嚼慢咽,融会贯通”——谈读书——王佐良译读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。

其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其博彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。

练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。

读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。

有一技之长鄙读书,无知者慕读书,唯明智之士用读书,然读书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。

读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。

书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。

换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。

书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏,淡而五味矣。

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。

因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。

读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,论理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。

人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。

滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类。

如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演算须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖就是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。

Francis Bacon's "Of Studies"王佐良和廖运范两种译本分析比较：1）Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.王佐良译文：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。

廖运范译文：读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。

分析：王的译文准确的再现了原文的排比句式，廖的译文虽然也把原作的意思表达了出来，但缺少了原文的气势，这一点上王的稍好。

2）Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.王佐良译文：其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中，其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

廖运范译文：人们独居或退隐的时候，最能体会到读书的乐趣；谈话的时候，最能表现出读书的文雅；判断和处理事物的时候，最能发挥由读书而获得的能力。

分析：两者都传达了原作的意思，而王的译文用句型：“其…也，最见于...”和三个四字成语简单而有力的传达的原作的思想，更忠实于原作，读起来琅琅上口；廖的译文有点白话文的感觉，虽然也是使用的排比，但排比不如王的气势和对称，有点冗长，这一点王略胜一筹。

3）For expert men can execute （实施，实彳亍;执彳亍;履行），and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots, and marshalling （1.封送处理 2.砌体 3.编组）of affairs, come best from those that are learned.王佐良译文：练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

论读书两种译文翻译赏析《论读书》翻译赏析班级：姓名:学号：confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.《论读书》弗朗西斯·培根王佐良译读书足以怡情, 足以博采, 足以长才。

2352018年42期总第430期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS《论读书》译本对比赏析文/宁德香一、引言弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacon)的《论读书》是一篇哲理性散文，本文选取王佐良和曹明伦的两个译本，主要使用比较、定量及定性的研究方法，从文体特征、选词和句式三个方面，对王译和曹译进行对比赏析。

二、译文赏析1.文体特征。

《论读书》创作于17世纪早期，在词汇上，作者不仅使用了大量的古英语词汇，如marshalling, sloth等,还使用了正式程度极高的拉丁词，如:Abeunt studia in mores。

在句式上，多短句，使用了一些古典句法的表达形式：动词第三人称单数加th；had与情态动词need连用；teach not表示否定等。

这些词汇和句法特征赋予原文一种正式、古雅的风格，下面从词汇和句子长度两个方面分析两译本的文体特征。

表1词数文言词口语词四字格数句数平均字数/句原文5030001926.5王译612710711736曹译753714811262.8从表中可以看出，两译文在用词上，都大量使用文言词和四字词语，符合原文正式、典雅的用词特点，但在句子长度上，王译本多用文言句式，句子短小精炼，比曹译本更胜一筹，更接近原文的文体风格。

2.选词。

(1)Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.曹译：读书之用有三：一为怡神旷心，二为增趣添雅，三为长才益智。

王译：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。

作者用三个抽象名词 “delight”，“ornament”，“ability”描绘了读书的三个境界，曹译采用增词法，表明“读书之用有三”，并用三个四字词语翻译名词，读起来琅琅上口，节奏感强，但与原文相比不够精炼。

王译则利用了古汉语的优势，惜墨如金，精简干练，仅用“怡情”、“傅采”、“长才”六字便把原文的意义传达地淋漓尽致，成功地保留了原文简练的风格。

培根美文论读书原文及三种译文鉴赏培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏阅读是我们获取知识的重要手段，下面是培根着名的关于读书的一篇美文——论读书，并奉上另外两个版本的译文。

对于好的书，可以多加研读，对于普通书籍，知其大意即可，就像在中，阅读是弹性的，你可以选择对内容把握程度的深浅。

“有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以生吞，而有少数书应该细嚼慢咽，融会贯通”——谈读书——王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。

其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。

读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。

书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。

换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须 Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。

书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。

读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。

人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。

滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。

培根《论读书》的两种汉语译文比较赏析作者：张梦颖来源：《文学教育·中旬版》2015年第08期内容摘要：众所周知，《论读书》（Of Studies）出自英国著名哲学家，文学家培根培根之手。

其原文全文风格典雅，简洁明快。

而好的作品离不开好的翻译，当通览优秀译者所翻译的译文时，会对整篇文章的条理脉络更加的清晰了解。

因此，本文在这里将选取翻译名家王佐良先生及水天同先生的译文进行对比赏析，从词句两个方面领略翻译的魅力。

关键词：Of Studies 说理性散文翻译对比赏析一.用词首先谈谈用词，上面说到Of Studies词语都很古雅，比如：例1：“Studies serve for delight， for ornament，and for ability.”王译为：“读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。

”水译为：“读书为学底用途是娱乐、装饰和增长才识。

”我们不难看出，原文三个“for”，此处王译以三个“足以”代替，不仅保留了句式的一致即排比句同时表明读书的目的;而对“delight”，“ornament”，“ability”也是化名词为动词，译为“怡情”，“博彩”，“长才”，尤其是“ornament”，从柯林斯词典可得原意为“装饰，美化”，但王译为“博彩”，非常的形象生动，读起来也是朗朗上口;而水译则相对直接，用“为......”字翻出目的，后面的三个词语长短未统一，名词动词结构也不一致。

故而王先生对词语的把握更加准确，在英语静态词语和汉语动态词语的平衡转换中，恰到好处的诠释了原文的词义，也使整个句子更加流畅。

二.选句其次说说选句，之前也曾说到Of Studies的句式以排比句，对偶句见长，句式干净流畅。

比如这一句：例2：“Their chief use for delight， is in privateness and retiring; for ornament， is in discourse; and for ability， is in the judgement，and disposition of business.”王译为：“最见于独处幽居之时;其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。