考博英语模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)

考博士英语试题及答案一、词汇和语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. DuplicateD. Annihilate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has been working here since she graduated.B. She has been working here since she graduated from university.C. She has been working here since she graduated university.D. She has been working here since she was graduated.答案：B3. The correct usage of the word "subsequent" is demonstrated in which sentence?A. The subsequent event was unexpected.B. The subsequent events were unexpected.C. The subsequent event was not expected.D. The subsequent events were not expected.答案：B4. What is the antonym of "abundant"?A. ScarceB. AbundantC. PlentifulD. Ample答案：A5. The phrase "at the mercy of" means:A. To be in a position of power.B. To be controlled by someone or something.C. To show mercy to someone.D. To be in a state of uncertainty.答案：B...二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇阅读5题，每题2分）Passage 1[文章内容略]6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]8. The author's attitude towards the subject can be best described as:A. SkepticalB. OptimisticC. NeutralD. Pessimistic答案：[正确答案]9. What does the term "paradigm shift" refer to in the context of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]10. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案][其他Passage及问题略]三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）[文章内容略]11. The blank [ ] should be filled with:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]12. The word that best completes the sentence is:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]...四、翻译（共20分，每题5分）13. Translate the following sentence into English: [中文句子]答案：[英文翻译]14. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: [英文句子]答案：[中文翻译]...五、写作（共10分）15. Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Education".[写作指导略][学生作文略]注意：以上试题及答案仅为示例，实际考试内容会有所不同。

考博英语模拟试卷301(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．In the bar, snacks are served, and the visitor can relax with a drink or a cup of coffee, while the______VIP Lounge offers more private and undisturbed seating for meetings and conversations.A．doggedB．secludedC．rhythmicD．noisy正确答案：B解析：A项意为“顽强的”；B项意为“隐蔽的，僻静的”；C项意为“有节奏的，有韵律的”；D项意为“喧闹的，嘈杂的”。

因此，B项符合题意。

2．Your blunt treatment of disputes would put other people in a negative frame of ______, with the result that they would not be able to accept your proposal.A．intentionB．ideaC．mindD．wish正确答案：C解析：A项意为“意图，目的”；B项意为“想法，主意”；C项意为“智慧，思想，思维方式”，in a：positive／negative fraine of mind为固定词组，意为“怀有正／邪念”；D项意为“祝愿，希望”。

因此，C项符合题意。

3．Before he accepts and attends daily or weekly meetings, he understands the ______and goal of the meeting and how they mesh with his current intent.A．occupationB．careerC．maniaD．agenda正确答案：D解析：A项意为“职业，占有”；B项意为“职业”；C项意为“狂热，热衷”；D项意为“议程”。

2013年厦门大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．______one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.A．OnB．ByC．AtD．Of正确答案：C解析：at one time为固定词组，意义为“曾经”。

句意是，曼彻斯特曾经是世界上最大的纺织厂基地。

所以正确答案是C选项。

2．If you come to Tokyo, I can put you______in an apartment near my company.A．acrossB．downC．outD．up正确答案：D解析：四个选项的意思分别是put across使……被理解；put down放下，镇压；put out熄灭，赶走；put up供给……住宿。

句意是，如果你来东京，可以住在位于我公司附近的一处公寓里。

所以正确答案是D选项。

3．It seems oil______from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A．had leakedB．is leakingC．leakedD．has been leaking正确答案：D解析：现在完成进行时表示在一段时间内持续进行的动作，并对现在产生一定的影响。

句意是，似乎石油从管道泄漏已有一段时间了。

我们将不得不把机器拆开修理。

所以正确答案是D选项。

4．He will agree to do what you require______him.A．ofB．fromC．toD．for正确答案：A解析：四个选项的意思分别是require of sb．要求某人；require sth．from sb．要求某人某事；require to do sth．要求做某事。

攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及答案攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题APart I: Vocabulary (20 points)1. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other .A. bruisesB. blundersC. handicapsD. drawbacks2. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was _ _ in tropic countries.A. prospectiveB. prevalentC. provocativeD. perpetual3. After several nuclear disasters, a has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A. quarrelB. suspicionC. verdictD. controversy4. He is a(n) and well-behaved child, but his parents worry about him for he talks too little.A. obedientB. transientC. consciousD. passionate5. Mary once with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.A. mergedB. collaboratedC. coincidedD. constituted6. A man has to make for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old.A. supplyB. assuranceC. provisionD. adjustment7. Earl was balancing himself on top of the fence when he lost his and fell off.A. equilibriumB. equivalenceC. equivalentD. equation8. The of a society, club, etc, are the records of its doings, especially as published each year.A. proceduresB. processesC. proceedingsD. projects9. Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves know where to look.A. virtuallyB. initiallyC. invariablyD. infinitely10. Outsiders have the success of Eastern Asia's economics with admiration, wonderment andsometimes hostility.A. gazedB. glancedC. contemplatedD. peered11. It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an plan.A. inherentB. ingeniousC. infectiousD. indulgent12. There are some between their two descriptions; we are puzzled which we should believe.A. discrepanciesB. distractionsC. diversionsD. discretion13. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to dreams were likely to behighly respected.A. interpretB. interveneC. inheritD. impact14. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainlyon .A. consciousnessB. impulseC. instinctD. response15. Equipment not official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.A. conforming toB. consistent withC. predominant overD. providing for16. According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically to construct a pioneeringspace colony, powered by solar energy.A. practicalB. flexibleC. feasibleD. beneficial17. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly _ _ to hot, dry winds.They are what we call weather-sensitive people.A. subjectiveB. subordinateC. liableD. vulnerable18. These areas rely on agriculture almost , having few mineral recourses and a minimum ofindustrial development.A. respectivelyB. extraordinarilyC. incrediblyD. exclusively19. There is no doubt that the of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestige 'B. superiorityC. priorityD. publicity20. Military orders are and cannot be disobeyed.A. defectiveB. conservativeC. alternativeD. imperative21. Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of grouping is advisable.A. homogenousB. instantaneousC. spontaneousD. anonymous22. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloonsslowly into the sky.A. ascendingB. elevatingC. escalatingD. lingering23. He obviously displayed a great for some of your poems.A. consentB. admirationC. respectD. pleasure24. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause of vegetables in the coming days.A. rarityB. scarcityC. invalidityD. variety25. The continuous unrest was _____________ the nation’s economy.A. exaggeratingB. aggravatingC. amendingD. fastening26. With a wave of his hand, the magician made the duck .A. scatterB. vanishC. abandonD. fly away27. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this __________ producesartificial cold surrounding it.A. absorptionB. transitionC. consumptionD. interaction28. They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to it because of the rainyweather.A. cancelB. eliminateC. delayD. prolong29. This dictionary is intended for American learners of Chinese.A. especiallyB. particularlyC. specificallyD. uniquely30. A UN official said that aid programs would be until there was adequate protection for reliefconvoy.A. dependedB. suspendedC. postponedD. expended31. The problem is that most local authorities lack the ____to deal sensibly in this market.A. anticipationB. perceptionC. prospectD. expertise32. Awards provide a(n)____for young people to improve their skills.A. incentiveB. initiativeC. fugitiveD. captive33. The physician had to visit his patient six ___________days before the patient could be considered in a faircondition.A. consequentB. consecutiveC. consistentD. conservative34. Oil is derived from the ____of microscopic sea creatures, and is even older, according to most geologists.A. layoutsB. remindersC. remainsD. 1eftovers35. Successful students sometimes become so ____with grades that they never enjoy their school years.A. passionateB. involvedC. immersedD. obsessed36. Apparently there were ____between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times.A. distortionsB. discrepanciesC. disordersD. distractions37. It had been a terrible afternoon for Jane, ____at about six o’clock in her father’s sudden collapse intounconsciousness.A. convergingB. culminatingC. finalizingD. releasing38. The 12-year-old civil war had____1.5 million lives.A. declaredB. proclaimedC. claimedD. asserted。

第三部分模拟试题考博英语模拟试题及详解（一）I.Vocabulary:(10points)Directions:Choose answer A,B,C or D that best defines the underlined part.1.Experts are continuing their efforts to determine the cause of Wednesday’s crash.A.decideB.discoverC.defineD.defend2.These sanctions will have a deterrent effect upon the actions of the government.A.encouragingB.constructiveC.destructiveD.discouraging3.In spite of his sophistication and diplomatic expertise,he has antagonized important sections of the public.A.simplicityB.dignityC.eagernessD.experience4.The ancient Ankar inhabitants in South America were nomadic huntergatherers.A.romanticB.skilfulC.wonderingD.wandering5.The history of the exploration of Antarctica recounts many tales or perseverance and suffering.A.wearinessB.enduranceC.tirednessD.duration6.The police are looking for a man who is molesting young women.A.disturbingB.avoidingC.delightingD.urging7.An expert in any field may be defined as a person who possesses specialized skills and is capable of rendering very competent services.A.masteringB.providingC.financingD.obtaining8.Murtala Mohammed,Head of State,was killed during an attempted coup.Many Nigerians suspected foreign complicity.A.interferenceB.intrusionC.invasionD.partnership9.This autumn’s electricity privatization alone is reckoned to have generated about47letters.A.assessedB.estimatedC.balancedD.forecasted10.If there are civilizations on other planets,they are likely to be radically different from ours.A.partiallyB.basicallyC.approximatelyD.exactly Directions:Choose answer A,B,C or D that best fills in the blank.11.The Wright brothers the design of the first successful motor-powered plane.A.confrontedB.concealedC.convertedD.conceived12.Generally speaking,his test was very good;he only made a few mistakes.A.trivialB.messyC.quantitativeD.regular13.I was in the middle of my call because I had no more pennies to put in the box.A.broken inB.cut offC.hung upD.cut down14.Accuracy and expressiveness are the two in translation;the first is toexpress the exact thought of the original article and the second is to make the translation readily understood.A.acquisitionsB.requisitesC.requestsD.inquiries15.Now that we have lost all the money,it’s no use me and saying it’s all my fault.A.talking oning onC.counting onD.turning on16.The lady complained about the air-conditioner she bought from the market.A.inefficientB.defectiveC.indignantD.incorporate17.Anyone who can study abroad is fortunate;but,of course,it is not easy to make thefrom one culture to another.A.transactionB.transitionC.transmissionD.transportation18.The knowledge that a rescue team would be searching for them the trapped miners.A.sustainedB.suspectedC.attainedD.obtained19.It is as one of the greatest pieces of engineering work in the world.A.characterizedB.characteristicC.classicD.clarified20.The loss of some of his did not stop him from being a useful member of society.A.abilitiesB.facultiesC.capacitiesD.capabilitiesII.Cloze Test:(10points)Directions:Read the passage through.Then go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A,B,C or D for each blank in the passage.This book provides you with the simple basics for being physically fit.21your age or present state of fitness,you will find within these pages all the22 you want or need to help you begin and23a program of healthy and enjoyable exercise.24will you find it easy to25charts for walking,running,swimming, cycling,and many more healthy exercise activities,you will also find the26 information27why such exercise is good for you and28an active lifestyle will29your health and well-being.You will learn the important particulars about being properly tested.Exercise30that have been used in the Ball State Adult Fitness Program over the years are provided.These charts are included for you31at a32and safe intensity—an effort level that helps you reap the33of becoming physically fit.This book represents a sifting of knowledge and experience I have34 leading exercise programs for more than two decades.The35of this book may surprise you,36Wayne Anderson and I have assembled in this book as concisely and clearly as possible.Instead of being enrolled in our adult physical fitness program,you are reading this book that puts me37in trying to help you to become physically fit.We all know that teaching by the printed page is not 38.The most effective instruction39personal attention.But since this is not possible,I’m40that the information on the pages that follow will bring you as close as any absence can get to actually enrolling in our program.21.A.At the mercy of B.Regardless of C.By reason of D.In light ofrmation B.references C.resources D. examples23.A.involve B.operate C.carry D.maintain24.A.No sooner B.Not only C.Hardly D.Seeing that25.A.render B.imitate C.follow D.improvetter ter tely test27.A.on B.in C.at D.over28.A.what B.how C.when D.that29.A.affect B.retard fort D. improve30.A.charts B.tests C.programs D. schedules31.A.following B.follow C.followed D.to follow32.A.reasonable B.sustainable C.negligent D. maximum33.A.advantages B.benefits C.formation D. strategy34.A.witnessed B.inquired C.acquired D. abandonedplexity B.simplicity C.illustration D.content36.A.for B.so C.thus D.and37.A.at a disadvantage B.on the grounds C.at a stake D.tn the contrary38.A.difficult B.smooth C.easy D.fluent39.A.calls off B.brings up C.calls for D.turns down40.A.doubtful B.confused C.pleased D. confidentIII.Reading comprehension:(30points)Passage1Superman fans will know the hero spent most of his time disguised as Clark Kent,mild-mannered and hard-working reporter for the DaiiyGlobe.When called upon to perform a superhuman teat,Kent would duck into a phone booth and in a split second whirl out of his suit into the blue body-stocking and red cape that were Superman’s uniform.The whirling kept bystanders from witnessing the transformation.Cartoonist Tony Auth reverses Superman’s routine to make a tongue-in-cheek comment on Cahfornia’s new governor,56-year old muscleman Arnold Schwarzenegger.On October7,Governor Gray Davis was ousted from office;the body building champion,Austrian immigrant and action film star was elected to replace him.In a flash Annie was transformed from a film superhero into the leader of a state bedeviled by complex financial problems,a hemorrhage of jobs and political gridlock in the state legislature.。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As a general rule, Dad is generous, but as a merchant, he usually drives a hard（）.问题1选项A.bargainB.dealC.transactionD.negotiation【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。

drive a hard bargain“讨价还价” 。

句意：一般来说，父亲是慷慨的，但是作为一个商人，他通常会讨价还价。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions.问题1选项A.conferencesB.conversationsC.practicesD.formations 【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：国务院将制定新的规则来使得管理与国际惯例一致。

conference “会议”；conversation “（非正式）交谈，谈话”；practice “实践，惯例”；formation “组成”。

根据前面的“lay down new rules” 可推测出划线单词的意思是“规则”，因此选项C符合题意。

3.单选题As ordinary people, scientists are by no means more honest or（）than other people, but as scientist, they attach special value to honest while they are in their working sphere.问题1选项A.ethicalB.ethnicC.aestheticD.esthetic【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

考博英语词汇语法题考前恶补、全真模拟试题1. Although ______ Spanish, he attended the course.A. he was knowingB. he is knowingC. having a knowledge ofD. knows2. You ______ that letter to James. However, you didn’t.A. ought to writeB. ought to have writtenC. should writeD. should be writing3. Joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.A. to escapeB. to have escapedC. to escapingD. to be escaping4. Bread and butter ______ liked by Westerners.A. isB. areC. wereD. be5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______ very pleasant to sit on in summer.A. which isB. which it isC. it isD. where it is6. He set up in business ______ his own and was very successful.A. inB. ofC. onD. by7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______ last night.A. must studyB. should have studiedC. must have studiedD. is sure to study8. Frank almost never received any education, ______ ?A. would heB. did heC. didn’t heD. wouldn’t he9. Even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______ too late to do anything.A. will arrive...isB. should arrive...wereC. arrives...will beD. arrives...would be10. We can hear ______ from the back of the room.A. just as goodB. just as easyC. just as wellD. easily as well11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______ of paint on a clean surface.A. coatsB. levelsC. timesD. courses12. The small mountain village was ______ by the snow for more than one month.A. cut backB. cut outC. cut offD. cut away13. Miss Green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking.A. finedB. chargedC. punishedD. posed14. Modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.A. techniqueB. technologyC. tacticsD. tendency15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ______ when she was trying to go to sleep.A. soundingB. ringingC. tickingD. humming16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.A. intensiveB. weightyC. intenseD. bulky17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ______ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.A. maximumB. minorityC. majorityD. minimum18. Nancy was surprised that they have ______ . They seemed to be a happy couple.A. split upB. broken downC. fallen throughD. knocked out19. The beach is in an ideal ______ to draw tourists.A. conditionB. situationC. stateD. publicity20. Our ______ sensitivity decreases with age.By age60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and50 percent of their taste buds.A. sensibleB. senselessC. sensitiveD. sensory21. The eldest child is thoroughly ______ because they always give him whatever he wants.A. wastedB. spoiledC. destroyedD. uneducated22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ______a gas.A. give intoB. give overC. give offD. give away23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ______ with him at once.A. peaceB. largeC. easeD. best24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?—Well, I’ll have to get ______ from my boss.A. permissionB. permitC. allowanceD. possession25. The ______ in Janet’s c haracter has hindered her from advancement in her career.A. weaknessB. meritC. defectD. shortcoming您的得分率为:/ 25 试题答案与解析1. C) 【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语,但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。

考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷120(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionTo us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun. Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century B.C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn’t until the twentieth century that women’s umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.1．The first use of umbrella was as ______.A．protection against rainB．a shade against the sunC．a symbol of powerD．a symbol of honor正确答案：B解析：本题的依据句是第1段最后一句：Its first use was a shade against the sun。

考博英语模拟试卷118(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Reading Comprehension Structure and V ocabulary1．With her last child having left home, she felt a ______ need to fill her time.A．tenseB．thoroughC．pressingD．small正确答案：C2．it is generally thought that as teachers work with students, psychology course work is ______ to teacher-training.A．indispensableB．inviolateC．indisposedD．invariable正确答案：A3．The announcement of the death of their leader caused thereafter a feeling of great despair to ______ their lives.A．overflowB．scatterC．permeateD．manipulate正确答案：C4．Fear of pirate ______ led the French to fortify their coastline.A．excursionsB．incursionsC．transmigrationsD．transmogrifications正确答案：B5．During the oil crisis of the 1970s, many states ______ speed limits to reduce gasoline use.A．implantedB．imposedC．impairedD．impressed正确答案：B6．Over-taxation, many argue, impedes initiative, so that government income may actually ______.A．mushroomB．capsizeC．shrinkD．dispel正确答案：C7．The assassin hid himself carefully from view before ______ his future victim.A．drawing fromB．drawing upC．drawing withD．drawing on正确答案：D8．He never exerts himself to aid those trying to ______ a difficult situation.A．rectifyB．modifyC．solidifyD．verify正确答案：A9．His alibi was fishy, yet ______ to close scrutiny.A．stood stillB．withstoodC．stood upD．stood off正确答案：C10．Practitioners of law and medicine are esteemed in many countries which seems to indicate that ______ depends on profession or title.A．prestigeB．superiorityC．privilegeD．merit正确答案：A11．The majority of the observers at the conference, in contradistinction to the delegates, were opposed to ratification.A．adjournmentB．distributionC．tablingD．approval正确答案：D12．Although it was none of my business I asked her if the one she was lamenting for was in any way kin.A．speaking forB．running risks forC．pleading forD．mourning for正确答案：D13．I could never spend the time that he does pouring over sports magazines, compiling intricate lists, and calculating averages.A．delicateB．incomprehensibleC．meaninglessD．complicated正确答案：D14．In England, Latin appears never to have superseded the old Gaelic speech among the people.A．joinedB．replacedC．influencedD．given way to正确答案：B15．Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall impeded our best attempts at rescuing the victims.A．encouragedB．hinderedC．nullifiedD．crowned正确答案：B16．Death ensued as a result of suffocation.A．heart failureB．an accidentC．diseaseD．asphyxiation正确答案：D17．We must safeguard against coerced confessions.A．bribedB．emotionalC．unprofitableD．forced正确答案：D18．My attention was engaged by the article’s caption.A．graphB．authorC．contentsD．title正确答案：D19．The report was unusual in that it insinuated corruption on the part of the minister.A．deniedB．suggestedC．proposedD．stated正确答案：B20．When a newspaper prints an inaccurate date for an event, universal chagrin results.A．discomfitureB．amusementC．reprisalD．loss of profit正确答案：AGrammar21．______ sugar ______ salt is oil water.A．Not as... asB．No more than... asC．Not more than... isD．Not more than... as正确答案：B22．His mother frequently denies him permission to do things, and that is ______.A．everB．thisC．thatD．over正确答案：C23．The staff in pediatrics ______ rushed whereas the geriatric ward is not busy at all.A．is nearly alwaysB．nearly is alwaysC．always is nearlyD．is always nearly正确答案：A24．Anais Nin’s diaries are often scandalous, probably because she describes herself as she is rather than ______.A．others define herB．as others define herC．her definition by othersD．she is defined by others正确答案：B25．______ , the mayor conceded defeat in his bid for re-election.A．Having racked up a lead of some 150000 votesB．Having been racked up a lead of some 150000 votesC．His opponent having racked up a lead of some 150000 votesD．His opponent racking up a lead of some 150000 votes正确答案：C26．Never has a scientific explanation emerged, ______ someone somewhere has objected to it.A．thatB．whichC．whomD．but正确答案：D27．Your mentor and friend ______ to support me in my financial, undertaking.A．have consentedB．has consentedC．have been consentingD．are consented正确答案：B28．Due in large part to the complexity of its structure--over two hundred bones ______ together by ligaments--the human skeleton is a marvel of architectural construction.A．bindingB．boundC．boundedD．bind正确答案：B29．In as much as a year does not elapse without a certain number of villagers falling victim to the ferocity of a tiger, its roar is ______ heard by the natives ______ feelings of terror.A．not... withB．not... withoutC．seldom... withD．always... without正确答案：B30．I regret to say that your thesis requires more thinking than ______ for the problem is exceedingly complex.A．to be put inB．has been put inC．being put inD．have been put in正确答案：B31．One of the (more intriguing) theories about the destruction of Ur is his contention that the population (may destroy) their ziggurats and (abandoned) their metropolis in anger against the deities that permitted (so long) a famine.A．more intriguingB．may destroyC．abandonedD．so long正确答案：B32．In the bush, the ill (took it to be) only logical (if) the one who could dure an illness (should also possess) the ability of causing it, and (that) even at a distance.A．took it to beB．ifC．should also possessD．that正确答案：B33．Ores which (are occurred) naturally (as) elements, such as gold (are of) extreme rarity and (are occasionally) of high value.A．are occurredB．asC．are ofD．are occasionally正确答案：A34．Unless (they are so permitted) by the attending (physician), no visitors or relatives (can) enter, the (patient’s) roomA．they are so permittedB．physicianC．canD．patient’s正确答案：C35． A rigorous alertness (must be) (adhered) when (notetaking) with the inessential ignored (and) the superfluous eliminated.A．must beB．adheredC．notetakingD．and正确答案：B36．It is (largely) through perspiration, (or) the evaporation of water (through) the pores, that humans(rid them) of excess moisture.A．largelyB．orC．throughD．rid them正确答案：D37．(Provided) the computer is (given) correct information (to start), accuracy (is) another outstanding advantage.A．ProvidedB．givenC．to startD．is正确答案：C38．And (so early) every morning (therefore), but not before the infant (bathed), (did she betake) herself to the outhouse.A．so earlyB．thereforeC．bathedD．did she betake正确答案：C39．He (stood) on tiptoe, (stretching) as far as he could, (however), still, he (could not reach) the book.A．stoodB．stretchingC．howeverD．could not reach正确答案：C40．(As gentle as possible), and (with help from) an assistant, the veterinarian examined the hippo to determine (if) (she) was pregnant.A．As gentle as possibleB．with help fromC．ifD．she正确答案：AReading ComprehensionResearchers disagree whether the “use it or lose it”philosophy holds for cognitive aging, but there is one evidence that keeping mentally active can slow age-related declines. At Pennsylvania State University, Sherry Willis and her husband, K. Warner Schaie, have studied 5000 people, some since 1956. People lucky enough to avoid chronic diseases may also fare better in intellectual function, they find, perhaps because chronic diseases can restrict lifestyle and reduce mental stimulation. Similarly, those lucky enough to be relatively affluent also fare better, perhaps because money can buy intellectually stimulating things like travel. Education helps, too, researchers say because of instills the conviction that you can always learn something new. The Schaie-Willis team also has some other observations. Being in a stable marriage with a stimulating spouse, they say, helps maintain intellectual vigor. Flexibility counts too. People who stay mentally vibrant are often those who do not insist that “they must do things today as they did before”Schaie says. In neuropsychological terms, the ability to see problems in new ways often yields higher scores on tests of-mental function. And people satisfied with life also stay more mentally fit, he says. If you find your mental skills sagging, consider working on specific deficits. When Willis gave 5-hour tutorials on inductive reasoning or spatial skills to about 200 people whose skills had declined in the previous 14 years, 40 percent regained lost abilities. That advantage held up seven years late when they were retested. Other ways to stay sharp, Schaie says, are doing jigsaw puzzles to hone visuo-spatial skills, working crossword puzzles for verbal skills, playing bridge for memory and simply matching wits at home with players on TV game shows. Finally, remember this. Even though you may lose some mental skills with normal aging, you also gain in one key area: wisdom. The growth of wisdom continues throughout the 40s, 50s and even 60s.41．In the passage, the author mainly discuss ______.A．the role mental stimulation in preventing mental aging,B．gradual loss of mental skills with normal aging.C．the relationship between mental function and spatial skills.D．effective ways to keep intellectual vigor.正确答案：D42．The word “it” in the saying “use it or lose it” (paragraph 1) refer to ______.A．brain powerB．cognitive developmentC．mental stimulatingD．intellectual function正确答案：A43．According ;to the researchers, which of the following factors affects cognitive aging?A．EducationB．Chronic illnessC．Standard of livingD．All of the above正确答案：D44．From this passage we may safely infer that ______ might help prevent mental declines.A．physical exercisesB．social interconnectionsC．rigid daily routinesD．a healthy diet正确答案：A45．According to the author, all of the following can truly be said about wisdom EXCEPT that ______.A．wisdom may be thought of as a special form of abilities and knowledge completely developed with life experience.B．wisdom may still grow even when the process of mental aging started.C．wisdom is superior in importance to mental skills such as inductive reasoning and spatial skills.D．wisdom makes up an important part of brain power.正确答案：CGeneration gaps are nothing new. Imperfect communication between age groups plagued the ancient Greeks and current works alike. Many an older worker chafes at an under-30 colleague who surfs the Internet, listens to his Sony Walkman and chats on the phone or with his desk mate, all while working on a projectdue in an hour. Sometimes, of course, he isn’t corking, and that’s a whole different issue. But sometimes he is getting lots of great stuff done. In the meantime, the different work styles create a case of “Would you please shut up” vs. “Lighten up. Get a life”Marc Prensky, vice president of Bankers Trust and founder of its interactive learning subsidiary, Corporate Gameware, was on point in Across the board, a publication of the conference board. The business research organization titled Prensky’s article “Twitch Speed,”a reference to the fast pace of video game play. Today under-30 workers likely grew up in a multimedia, technology-rich, twitch-speed environment. Prensky says they simultaneously did homework, watched TV and listened to music; this exposure changed the ways they receive and process information. Baby boomers and older workers may or may not have done homework by TV, but much else has changed. Sociologists say the over-30s are more likely to want room doors close. TV off, one thing happening at a time, quiet, please! When the two heritages clash in the workplace, it pits comfort with speed and “multitasking”against comfort with deliberation and focused concentration. Sound familiar? If the gap has become a chasm in your workplace, it’s time to talk. Both work styles can be productive, but both sides need to make accommodations so the other’s productivity isn’t impaired.46．This passage is mainly talking about ______.A．generation gapsB．work styles of different age groupsC．lack of mutual understanding between the old and the youngD．imperfect communication between old and young workers正确答案：B47．From the context we may figure out that the word “plagued” (paragraph 1 ) means ______.A．annoyedB．infectedC．damagedD．affected正确答案：C48．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A．Older workers often feel annoyed about their young colleagues’attitudes towards work.B．Younger workers always do a good job of their work though they prefer to listen to music or chat with others while working.C．The different work styles may sometimes lead to an unnecessary argument.D．Older workers are used to working in a comfortable and quiet environment sothat they can fully concentrate on what they are doing.正确答案：B49．The author agrees with Marc Prensky on the point that younger workers prefer a “multitasking” style because ______.A．they are smart and energeticB．they have the special ability to perform several tasks at the same time.C．brought up in a special cultural background, they have developed a behavioral pattern different from that of their older colleagues.D．they have been trained to receive and process information in a special way.正确答案：C50．The author maintains that both sides should ______ if the two pattern work styles clash headlong.A．be patientB．realize that both work styles are productiveC．make efforts to avoid doing damage to the other’s productivityD．make compromise to bridge the gulf between them正确答案：CA child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed test, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often g0.ilty of cruelty than those who had not. Every child has aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises form the child having heard the story once. familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into other pleasure of the fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that faints, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc, do not exist, and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their ease were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering atelephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external work and no sane child had ever believed that it was.51．The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ______.A．repeated without variationB．treated with reverenceC．adapted by the parentD．set in the present正确答案：C52．Some people dislike fairy stories they feel that they ______.A．tempt people to be cruel to childrenB．show the primitive cruelty in childrenC．lend themselves to undesirable experiments with childrenD．increase a tendency by which children’s impulses may be正确答案：D53．Fairy stories are a means by which children’s impulses may be ______.A．beneficially channeledB．given a destructive tendencyC．held back until maturityD．effectively suppressed正确答案：A54．The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ______.A．makes them come to terms with their fearsB．develops their power of memoryC．convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD．encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs正确答案：C55．The author’s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ______.A．fairy stories are still being made upB．there is confusion about different kinds of truthC．people try to modernize old fairy storiesD．there is more concern for children’s fears nowadays正确答案：BNo other country spends what we do per capita for medical care. The care available is among the Best technically, even if used too lavishly and thus dangerously, but none of the countries that stand above us in health status have such a high proportion of medically disenfranchised persons. Given the evidence that medical care is not that valuable and access to care is nor that had, it seems most unlikely that our bad showing is caused By the significant proportion who are poorly served. Other hypotheses have greater explanatory power: excessive poverty, both actual and relative, and excessive affluence. Excessive poverty is probably more prevalent in the U. S. than in any of the countries that have a better infant mortality rate and female life expectancy at birth. This is probably true also for all but four or five of the countries with a longer male life expectancy. In the notably poor counties that exceed us in male survival, difficult living conditions are a more accepted way of life and in several of them, a good basic diet, basic medical care and basic education, and lifelong employment opportunities are an everyday fact of life. In the U. S. a motional unemployment level of 10 percent can be 40 percent in the ghetto while less than 4 percent elsewhere. The countries that have surpassed us in health do not have such severe or entrenched problems. Nor are such a high proportion of their people involve in them. Excessive affluence is not so obvious a cause of ill health, but, at least until recently, few other nations could afford such unhealthful ways of living, excessive intake of animal protein and fats, dangerous intake of alcohol and use of tobacco and drugs (prescribed and proscribed), and dangerous recreational sports and driving habits are all possible only because of affluence. Our heritage, desires, opportunities, and our machismo, combined with the relatively low cost of had foods and speedy vehicles, make us particularly vulnerable to our affluence. And those who are not affluent try harder. Our unacceptable health status, then, will not be improved appreciably by expanded medical resources nor by their redistribution so much as by a general attempt to improve the quality of life for all.56．All of the following are mentioned in the passage as factors affecting the health of the population EXCEPT ______.A．the availability of medical care servicesB．the genetic endowment of individualsC．the nation’s relative position in health statusD．an individual’s own behavior正确答案：C57．The author is primarily concerned with ______.A．condemning the U. S. for its failure to provide better medical care to the poor.B．evaluating the relative significance of factors contributing to the poor healthstatus in the U.S.C．comparing the general health of the U. S. population with world averagesD．advocating specific measures designed to improve the health of U. S. population正确答案：B58．The passage best supports which of the following conclusions about the relationship between per capita expenditure of the health of a population?A．The per capita expenditure for medical care has relatively little effect on the total amount of medical care available to a population.B．The genetic makeup of a population is a more powerful determinant of the health of a population than the per capital expenditure for medical care.C．A population may have very high per capita expenditures for medical care and yet have a lower health status than other populations with lower per capita expenditures.D．The higher the per capita expenditure on medical care, the more advanced is the medical technology; and the more advanced the technology, the better is the health of the population.正确答案：C59．The author refers to the excessive intake of alcohol and tobacco and drug use in order to ______.A．show that some heath problems cannot be attacked by better medical care.B．demonstrate that use of tobacco and intoxicants is detrimental to health.C．cite examples of individual behavior that have adverse consequences for health status.D．illustrate ways in which affluence may contribute to poor health status.正确答案：D60．The passage provides information m answer which of the following questions?A．Which is the most powerful influence on the health status of a population?B．Which nation in the world leads in health status?C．Is the life expectancy of males in the U. S. longer than of females?D．What are the most important genetic factors influencing the health of an individual?正确答案：AIn the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that anymajor change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member”were high on the list but so were some positive life-changing events like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress, it only shows how much you have chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness.”“If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy,” the articles said, “avoid stressful events.” But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many, like the death of a loved one, are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity. But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom and mental strain.61．The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tell us ______.A．the way you handle major events may cause stressB．what should be done to avoid stressC．what kind of event would cause stressD．how to cope with sudden changes in life正确答案：C62．The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ______.A．widespread concern over its harmful effectsB．great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC．intensive research into stress-related illnessesD．popular avoidance of stressful jobs正确答案：A63．The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ______.A．how much pressure you are underB．how positive events can change you lifeC．how stressful a major event can beD．how you can deal with life-changing events正确答案：A64．Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line Par A.3) impossible to follow?A．No one can stay on the same job for longB．No prescription is effective in relieving stressC．People have to get married somedayD．You could be missing opportunities as well正确答案：D65．According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ______.A．nervous when faced with difficultiesB．physically and mentally strainedC．more capable of coping with adversityD．indifferent toward what happens to them正确答案：C“Most episodes of absent-mindedness--forgetting where you lift something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by a simple lack of attention,”says Schacter, “you are supposed to remember something but you haven’t encoded deeply.” Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you are involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter, “rather you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”Laek of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.’ Women have slightly better memories than men possibly because they pay more attention to their environment and memory relies on just that. “Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness.”says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,”he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table--don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absent-mindedness like walking into a room and wondering why you’re there is most likely because you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,’ says Zelinske. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room and you will likely remember.66．Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?A．It helps us understand our memory system better.B．It enables us to recall something from our memory.C．It expands our memory capacity considerably.D．It slows down the process of losing our memory.正确答案：B67．One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ______.A．they have a wider range of interestsB．they are more reliant on the environmentC．they have an unusual power of focusing their attentionD．they are more interested in what’s happening around them正确答案：D68．A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ______.A．it will easily get lostB．it’s not clear enough for you to readC．it’s out of your sightD．it might get mixed up with other things正确答案：C69．What do we learn from the last paragraph?A．If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.B．Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.C．Repetition helps improve our memory.D．If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.正确答案：B70．What is the passage mainly about?A．The process of gradual memory loss.B．The causes of absent-mindedness.C．The impact of the environment on memory.D．A way of encoding and recalling.正确答案：BIt is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, Which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior. So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中央美术学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and（）.问题1选项A.privilegesB.possibilitiesC.possessionsD.preferences【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。

privilege“特权”；possibility“可能性”；possession“拥有，财产”；preference“偏爱，优先权”。

句意：调查结果描绘了一幅关于顾客购物习惯的独特画面，以及他们的动机和偏好。

D项符合题意。

2.单选题I bought an alarm clock with a(n)（） dial, which can be seen clearly in the dark.问题1选项A.supersonicB.luminousC.audibleD.amplified【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。

supersonic“超音速的，超音波的”；luminous“发光的，明亮的”；audible“听得见的”；amplified“放大的，扩充的”。

句意：我买了一个带有发光钟面的闹钟，这样在黑暗中也能看清时间了。

由后半句句意可知B项符合题意。

3.单选题He was so angry that he just couldn’t（）from telling them what he thought.问题1选项A.hold offB.hold onC.hold backD.hold up【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。

hold back from意为“抑制…阻止…”。

句意“他非常生气，忍不住把自己的想法告诉了他们。

”选项C符合句意。

4.单选题When I make a promise, I always（）it.问题1选项A.keepB.holdC.catchD.carry【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。

英语考博试题及答案一、词汇与结构（共20分）1. The _______ of the project will depend on the availability of funds.A) initiationB) implementationC) terminationD) qualification答案：B2. Despite his _______ efforts, he failed to convince the committee.A) trivialB) futileC) sincereD) superficial答案：C3. The _______ of the new policy has been widely discussed in the media.A) implicationsB) complicationsC) ramificationsD) repercussions答案：A4. She is a _______ of her father, showing great talent in music.A) descendantB) successorC) inheritorD) progeny答案：C5. The _______ of the old building was a significant event in the community.A) demolitionB) renovationC) constructionD) destruction答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。

Passage 1The rise of the internet has transformed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has opened up new opportunities and challenges for individuals and organizations alike.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The history of the internet.B) The impact of the internet on society.C) The technical aspects of the internet.D) The future of the internet.答案：B7. What does the author imply about the internet?A) It has only positive effects.B) It has both opportunities and challenges.C) It is a threat to traditional businesses.D) It is outdated and no longer relevant.答案：BPassage 2In recent years, there has been a growing interest in renewable energy sources due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development.8. What is the main reason for the interest in renewable energy?A) Economic benefits.B) Environmental concerns.C) Technological advancements.D) Government policies.答案：B9. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Renewable energy is widely adopted.B) Renewable energy is too expensive.C) There is a need for sustainable development.D) Environmental concerns are a recent issue.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

考博英语模拟试题Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points) (略)Part II Reading Comprehension (40 % )Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on thebest choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Eight times within the past million years, something in the Earth's climatic equation has changed, allowing snow in the mountains and the northern latitudes to accumulate from one season to the next instead ofmelting away. Each time, the enormous ice sheets resulting from this continual buildup lasted tens of thousands of years until the end of each particular glacial cycle brought a warmer climate. Scientists speculatedthat these glacial cycles were ultimately driven by astronomical factor: slow, cyclic changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit and in the tilt and orientation of its spin axis. But up until around 30 years ago, the lackof an independent record of ice-age timing made the hypothesis untreatable.Then in the early 1950's Emirian produced the first complete record of the waxwings and awnings of firstglaciations. It came from a seemingly odd place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms called "foraminifera'' house themselves in shells made from calcium carbonate. When the foraminifera die, sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sediments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain characteristics ofthe seawater they inhabited. In particular, the ratio of a heavy isotope of oxygen (oxygen- 18) to ordinaryoxygen (oxygen - 16) in the carbonate preserves the ratio of the two oxygen’s in water molecules.It is now understood that the ratio of oxygen isotopes reflects the proportion of the world's water lockedup in glaciers and ice sheets. A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly sooner than molecules containingthe lighter isotope. Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans moves away from its source, its oxygen - 18 returns more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen - 16. What falls as snow on distant icesheets and mountain glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen -18. As the oxygen -18 -poor ice builds up,the oceans become relatively enriched in the isotope. The larger the ice sheets grow, the higher the proportionof oxygen - 18 becomes in seawater -- and hence in the sedimentsAnalyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, Mililani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell inrough accord with the Earth's astronomical cycles. Since that pioneering observation, oxygen isotope measurements have been made on hundreds of cores. The combined record enables scientists to show that the record contains the very periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past 800, 000 years, the global ice volume peaked every 100,000 years, matching the period of the orbital eccentricity variation. In addition,"wrinkles" superposed on each cycle -- small decreases or surges in ice volume -- have come at intervals ofroughly 23, 000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the precession and tilt frequencies of the Earth's spinaxis.16. In opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________A. unfolding a phenomenon.B. posing a contrast.C. refuting a speculation.D. testifying a hypothesis.17. The expression "waxings and wanings" (Paragraph 2) most probably means ________A. regularities and eccentricities.B. vaporizations and sediments.C. variants and constants.D. maximizations an minimizations.18. As pointed out in the text, the ratio of oxygen - 18 to oxygen - 16 in seafloor sediments and that of these isotopes locked in glaciers and ice-sheets are________A. irrelevant.B. correlated.C. corresponding.D. identical.19. Single-cell marine organisms referred to as "foraminifera" as mentioned in the text might serve as_________A. a proof against the existence of oxygen.B. a testimony to sediment formation processes.C. a valid record justifying glacial periodic cycles.D. an indicator of the ratio of the two oxygen’s.20. What can we safely infer from the text?A. Many a phenomenon might be caused by astronomical factors.B. Any hypothesis should be abandoned unless supported by solid records.C. Glaciers are the records keeping Earth's astronomical cycles.D. Oxygen isotopes are evenly distributed throughout the earth surface.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:If you smoke and you still don't believe that there's a definite between smoking and bronchial troubles,heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, thegovernments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governmentshave taken timid measures. In Britain, for example, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. Theconscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerousdeath.You don't have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been solukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It's almost like a tax onour daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for itsentire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn't do to shout too loudly about it.This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vastsums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent oncancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In thelong run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.Of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestlyconcerned about the welfare of their peoples, you'd think they'd conduct aggressive antismoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertisingis as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early inthe morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. Theysuggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life,with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!For a start, governments, could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should thenconduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places liketheatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the direconsequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning -- say, a picture of a death's head -- should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.21. The best title of the text may be _______A. give up the habit of smoking immediately.B. word governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.C. go on with anti-smoking lobby vigorously.D. world governments should allocate more funds on cancer researches.22. As pointed out in the text, governments are reluctant to exercise total ban on cigarette and tobacco advertising _____A. in the interests of financial rewards.B. for the sake of the public's welfare.C. without regard to tax collections.D. in anticipation of smokerslobbying.23. The word "hypocrisy" ( Paragraph 2) denotes ______A. dishonesty.B. predicament.C. indecision.D. intimidation.24. It can be concluded that anti-smoking campaigns should be conducted_______A. insidiously and discreetly.B. vividly and attractively.C. aggressively and drastically.D. disinterestedly and bravely.25. The author is most critical of________A. anti-smoking lobbyists.B. tobacco advertisers.C. world governments.D. tax collectors.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:It is the staff of dreams and nightmares. Where Tony Blair's attempts to make Britain love the Euro havefallen on deaf ears, its incarnation as notes and coins will succeed. These will be used not just in the Euro area but in Britain. As the British become accustomed to the Euro as a cash currency, they will warm to itpaving the way for a yes note in a referendum.The idea of Euro creep appeals to both sides of the Euro argument. According to the pros, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those in favor are bound towin. According to the antis, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those opposed must mobilize for the fight.Dream or nightmare, Euro creep envisages the single currency worming its way first into the British economy and then into the affections of voters. British tourists will come back from their European holidaysladen with Euros, which they will spend not just at airports but in high street shops. So, too, will foreignvisitors. As the Earn becomes a parallel currency, those who make up the current two-o-one majority willchange their minds. From there, it will be a short step to decide to dispense with the pound.Nell Kinnock, a European commissioner and former leader of the Labor Party, predicts that the Eurowill soon become Britain's second currency. Hans Eichel, the German finance minister, also says that it willbecome a parallel currency in countries like Switzerland and Britain. Peter Hain, the European minister whois acting as a cheerleader for membership, says the Euro will become "a practical day-to-day reality and thatwill enable people to make a sensible decisionabout it". As many as a third of Britain's biggest retailers,such as Marks and Spencer, have said they will take Euros in some of their shops. BP has also announcedthat it will accept Euros at some of its garages.But there is less to this than meet the eye. British tourists can now withdraw money from cash point fromEuropean holiday destinations, so they are less likely than in the past to end up with excess foreign money. Even if they do, they generally get rid of it at the end of their holidays, says David Southwell, a spokesman for the British Retail Consortium (BRC).26. According to the writer, once the British get used to the Euro,__A. there will be no obstacle for it to be a currency in Britain.B. it will take the place of pound in whatever aspects in Britain.C. the British will accept it as a cash currency gradually.D. it will become a symbol of reunification for European countries.27. The writer seems_________A. to be over-enthusiastic about the success of the Euro.B. to launch a vigorous campaign against the Euro creep.C. to hold a hostile attitude towards Euro expansions.D. to take a matter-of-face attitude towards the issue.28. The word "cheerleader" ( Paragraph 4) can best be replaced by ________A. "voter".B. "advocator".C. "critic".D. "prophet".29. What does the writer intends to illustrate with Marks and Spencer.9A. A kind of professional service.B. Objections to the Euro creep.C. A type of subjective brand loyalty.D. Expansions of the Euro in Britain.30. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. The Prospect of the Euro in Britain.B. A New Currency under Attack.C. The Popularity of the Euro in Britain.D. A Theme of Dreams and Nightmares. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struckby the appearance of the women taking part. Their hairstyles and make-up look dated; their skirts look eithertoo long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film,on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men have successfullyresisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each yeara few so-called top designers' in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over msh toobey. The doctrines of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitraryfashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out,, Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because theyshudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually blackmailed by the designers and the big stores, Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standingin front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vastsums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Woman who cannot afford to discardclothing in this way waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hemlines are taken up or letdown; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested inoutward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at thesight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deepsnow in dainty shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Dothe constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness andinstability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging stylesof dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.31. In the opening paragraph, the writer introduced his topic by________A. introducing an illusion.B. making a comparison.C. depicting a vivid scene.D. posing a sharp contrast.32. In the eyes of the author, the dictates of fashion probably means a sort of design characterized by ________A. obsolescence and sensibility.B. uniqueness and stability.C. creativity and hypocrisy.D. inconstancy and irrationality.33. The word "blackmailed" most probably means ________A. "taken advantage of"B. "given thought to".C. "taken into account".D. "born in mind".34. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the _______ of clothing.A. suitabilityB. comfortC. appearanceD. fabric35. It can be inferred from the passage that women should________A. see through the very nature of fashion myths.B. boycott the products of the fashion industry.C. avoid following fashion doctrines too closely.D. blame designers for their waste of money.Part III Vocabulary (10 % )Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlinedword. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36. The recovery and ________ of the country' s economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites in 'attractive locations.A. renewalB. revivalC. recessionD. relief37. In fact tho purchasing power of a single person's pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the ______ Singapore pension.A. equivalentB. similarC. consistentD. identical38. It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be ______ as to their motive inmaking contact.A. seen throughB. checked outC. touched onD. accounted to39. According to BBC boxing reporter Mike Costello ,just as there is worldwide _______ with boxing, so thereis worldwide opposition.A. passionB. attractionC. emotionD. fascination40. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar intheir _______ aspects.A. potentialB. socialC. essentialD. partial41. ________ any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving yourpresentation and qualifications.A. Take the most ofB. Keep the most ofC. Have the most ofD. Make the most of42. There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly_______A. let aloneB. let outC. let downD. let on43. Japan remains tied to the Western camp partly because the relationship has become __ to her economy and politics over forty years' association.A. integralB. unilateralC. rationalD. hierarchical44. With most online recruitment services,jobseekers must choose their words 'carefully;________ the searchengine will never make the correct match.A. thereforeB. whereasC. providedD. otherwise45. The child should always ______ the same basic procedure:seeing the whole word-heating and pronouncing-writing from memory.A. go throughB. take overC. respond toD. carry off46. That MGM Grand Youth Center is open to children 3 - 12 years old _______ what hotel they are stayingin.A. regardless inB. regardless ofC. regardless onD. regardless from47. Ever since Geoffrey sent a sizeable cheque to a well-known charity he's been _______ with requests formoney from all sides.A. devastatedB. smashedC. bombardedD. cracked48. Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, feel sure that I have no _________ but toreport him to the local police.A. timeB. chanceC. authorityD. alternative49. Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to regret.A. teem withB. brim withC. come withD. look with50. They are always ready to heavy responsibilities.A. take inB. take onC. put onD. put in51. There is only one difference between an old man and a young onethe young one has a glorious futurebefore him and the old one has a ________ future behind him.A. splendidB. conspicuousC. uproariousD. imminent52. That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only______necessity.A. within reach ofB. for fear ofC. by means ofD. in case of53. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand or express the emotion that it ______ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A. reflectsB. retainsC. rousesD. radiates54. _______ the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8 - 10 minutes or until most of the waterhas evaporated.A. Turn offB. Turn overC. Turn downD. Turn up55. Banks shall be unable to _______,or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt leftwith them.A. write offB. put asideC. shrink fromD. come overPart IV Cloze (10 % )Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet.Every second, 56 hectare of the world's rainforest is destroyed. That's one to two football fields.This 57 rate of destruction has serious consequences 58 the environment. Scientists estimate,forexample, that 137 59 of plant, insect or animal become 60 every day due to logging. In British Columbia, 61 , since 1990,thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear cut, 142 species of salmon have alreadybecome extinct, and the 62 of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging, 63 , provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so thegovernment is 64 to restrict or control it. Much of Canada's forestry production 65 making pulp andpaper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada 66 34% of the world's wood pulpand 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be 67 . Recently, a possible 68 way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists:a plant called hemp. Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands ofyears. It produces fore which can be 69 paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For many centuries, itwas essential to the economies of many countries 70 it was used to make the ropes and cables used onsailing ships;colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading 71 would not have beenpossible 72 hemp. Nowadays, ships' cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientistsare now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be 73 for the production of paper and pulp. Accordingto its proponents, four-times as 74 paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, andmany environmentalists believe that the 75 scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure onCanada's forests.56. A. matching B. equivalent C. mounting D. reaching57. A. great B. wonderful C. imaginary D. alarming58. A. for B. on C. at D. to59. A. types B. categories C. species D. classes60. A. extinct B. distinct C. dead D. exhausted61. A. when B. who C. where D. which62. A. territory B. land C. habitat D. inhabitant63. A. however B. furthermore C. otherwise D. instead64. A. willing B. likely C. reluctant D. intended65. A. goes up B. goes towards C. goes into D. goes at66. A. supplies B. offers C. presents D. provides67. A. maintained B. sustained C. preserved D. held68. A. optional B. potential C. promising D. alternative69. A. made into B. made for C. made up D. made of70. A. since B. because C. as D. while71. A. link B. exchange C. network D. site72. A. except B. without C. with D. besides73. A. resumed B. renewed C. refreshed D. revived74. A. much B. many C. few D. more75. A. great B. large C. immense D. massivePart V Translation from English into ChineseDirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET.What, then, does Drucker suggest are the new knowledge-based industries on which economic growthwill depend? He discusses three categories of such industries. The first of these is the information industry. This industry collects, stores, spreads, and applies knowledge. It depends on the computer. In the future,however, the computer itself will probably become less important than communicating and applying knowledge. Dmcker foresees a central computer that will make information available to everyone. Another sourceof new industries is the science of the oceans. New technologies may help to supply food and minerals fromthe seas. A third new source of economic growth is the materials industry. This industry provides the materialsfor making objects. One such industry that has already become economically important is the plastic industry. Dmcker explains that throughout history our traditional materials have been metals, glass, natural fibers,and paper. Today, with the help of modem science, industries can make many new materials to meet specificneeds. Because they will be created to fit a certain product, they will be highly efficient. Consequently, hepoints out, industries that supply traditional materials such as steel or glass Will have trouble competing withthose that produce these new materials.Part VI Writing( 15 % )Directions:A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:( 1 ) describe the picture and interpret its meaning.(2) point out the problem and give your comments.C. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)参考答案与解析16．A 题干问：“在文章开头作者通过什么方式引入话题?”正确选项为A“揭示一种自然现象”。

考博英语模拟试卷200(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comprehension 5. English-Chinese Translation 6. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．The government slated new elections in the spring, largely as a result of the public clamor.A．demandB．viewC．requestD．opinion正确答案：A解析：本题中，clamor的意思是“大声的要求”。

A项“demand(强烈的)要求”符合题意，如：Ives listened to the workers’ demand for more money．(艾大斯听了工人们增加工资的要求。

)其他三项“view观点，见解；request请求，(委婉的)要求；opinion意见，看法”都不正确。

2．The most prolific writer is not necessarily the best.A．written-aboutB．productiveC．artfulD．religious正确答案：B解析：本题中，prolific的意思是“多产的”。

B项“productive多产的”符合题意，如：a productive farm(肥沃的农场)。

written-about的意是“关于书面的”；artful的意思是“狡猾的”；religious的意思是“虔诚的”，都不正确。

3．Imagine my vexation when they said they would come to dinner and then didn’t show.A．enlightenmentB．astonishmentC．annoyanceD．contrariness正确答案：C解析：本题中，vexation的意思是“恼怒，烦恼”。

考博英语模拟试题Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points) (略)Part II Reading Comprehension (40 % )Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Eight times within the past million years, something in the Earth's climatic equation has changed, allowing snow in the mountains and the northern latitudes to accumulate from one season to the next instead of melting away. Each time, the enormous ice sheets resulting from this continual buildup lasted tens of thousands of years until the end of each particular glacial cycle brought a warmer climate. Scientists speculated that these glacial cycles were ultimately driven by astronomical factor: slow, cyclic changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit and in the tilt and orientation of its spin axis. But up until around 30 years ago, the lack of an independent record ofice-age timing made the hypothesis untreatable.Then in the early 1950's Emirian produced the first complete record of the waxwings and awnings of first glaciations. It came from a seemingly odd place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms called "foraminifera'' house themselves in shells made from calcium carbonate. Whenthe foraminifera die, sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sediments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain characteristics of the seawater they inhabited. In particular, the ratioof a heavy isotope of oxygen (oxygen- 18) to ordinary oxygen (oxygen - 16) in the carbonater molecules.preserves the ratio of the two oxygen’s in wateIt is now understood that the ratio of oxygen isotopes reflects the proportion of the world's water locked up in glaciers and ice sheets. A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly sooner than molecules containing the lighter isotope. Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans moves away from its source, its oxygen - 18 returns more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen - 16. What falls as snow on distant ice sheets and mountain glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen -18. As the oxygen -18 -poor ice builds up, the oceans become relatively enriched in the isotope. The larger the ice sheets grow, the higher the proportion of oxygen - 18 becomes in seawater -- and hence in the sedimentsAnalyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, Mililani found that the isotopic ratio roseand fell in rough accord with the Earth's astronomical cycles. Since that pioneering observation, oxygen isotope measurements have been made on hundreds of cores. The combined record enables scientists to show that the record contains the very periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past 800, 000 years, the global ice volume peaked every 100,000 years, matching the period of the orbital eccentricity variation. In addition, "wrinkles" superposed on each cycle -- small decreases or surges in ice volume -- have come at intervals of roughly 23, 000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the precession and tilt frequencies of the Earth's spin axis.16. In opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________A. unfolding a phenomenon.B. posing a contrast.C. refuting a speculation.D. testifying a hypothesis.17. The expression "waxings and wanings" (Paragraph 2) most probably means ________A. regularities and eccentricities.B. vaporizations and sediments.C. variants and constants.D. maximizations an minimizations.18. As pointed out in the text, the ratio of oxygen - 18 to oxygen - 16 in seafloor sediments andthat of these isotopes locked in glaciers and ice-sheets are________A. irrelevant.B. correlated.C. corresponding.D. identical.19. Single-cell marine organisms referred to as "foraminifera" as mentioned in the text might serve as_________A. a proof against the existence of oxygen.B. a testimony to sediment formation processes.C. a valid record justifying glacial periodic cycles.D. an indicator of the ratio of the t wo oxygen’s.20. What can we safely infer from the text?A. Many a phenomenon might be caused by astronomical factors.B. Any hypothesis should be abandoned unless supported by solid records.C. Glaciers are the records keeping Earth's astronomical cycles.D. Oxygen isotopes are evenly distributed throughout the earth surface.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:If you smoke and you still don't believe that there's a definite between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see noevil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain, for example, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.You don't have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It's almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn't do to shout too loudly about it.This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody wouldbe much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.Of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you'd think they'd conduct aggressive antismoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!For a start, governments, could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be bannedin all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning -- say,a picture of a death's head -- should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.21. The best title of the text may be _______A. give up the habit of smoking immediately.B. word governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.C. go on with anti-smoking lobby vigorously.D. world governments should allocate more funds on cancer researches.22. As pointed out in the text, governments are reluctant to exercise total ban on cigarette and tobacco advertising _____A. in the interests of financial rewards.B. for the sake of the public's welfare.C. without regard to tax collections.D. in anticipation of smokers lobbying.23. The word "hypocrisy" ( Paragraph 2) denotes ______A. dishonesty.B. predicament.C. indecision.D. intimidation.24. It can be concluded that anti-smoking campaigns should be conducted_______A. insidiously and discreetly.B. vividly and attractively.C. aggressively and drastically.D. disinterestedly and bravely.25. The author is most critical of________A. anti-smoking lobbyists.B. tobacco advertisers.C. world governments.D. tax collectors.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:It is the staff of dreams and nightmares. Where Tony Blair's attempts to make Britain love the Euro have fallen on deaf ears, its incarnation as notes and coins will succeed. These will be used not just in the Euro area but in Britain. As the British become accustomed to the Euro as a cash currency, they will warm to it paving the way for a yes note in a referendum.The idea of Euro creep appeals to both sides of the Euro argument. According to the pros, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those in favorare bound to win. According to the antis, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membershipwill start to look inevitable, so those opposed must mobilize for the fight.Dream or nightmare, Euro creep envisages the single currency worming its way first into the British economy and then into the affections of voters. British tourists will come back from their European holidays laden with Euros, which they will spend not just at airports but in high street shops. So, too, will foreign visitors. As the Earn becomes a parallel currency, those who make up the current two-o-one majority will change their minds. From there, it will be a short step to decide to dispense with the pound.Nell Kinnock, a European commissioner and former leader of the Labor Party, predicts thatthe Euro will soon become Britain's second currency. Hans Eichel, the German finance minister, also says that it will become a parallel currency in countries like Switzerland and Britain. Peter Hain, the European minister who is acting as a cheerleader for membership, says the Euro will become "a practical day-to-day reality and that will enable people to make a sensible decisionabout it". As many as a third of Britain's biggest retailers, such as Marks and Spencer, have said they will take Euros in some of their shops. BP has also announced that it will accept Euros atsome of its garages.But there is less to this than meet the eye. British tourists can now withdraw money from cash point from European holiday destinations, so they are less likely than in the past to end upwith excess foreign money. Even if they do, they generally get rid of it at the end of their holidays, says David South well, a spokesman for the British Retail Consortium (BRC).26. According to the writer, once the British get used to the Euro,__A. there will be no obstacle for it to be a currency in Britain.B. it will take the place of pound in whatever aspects in Britain.C. the British will accept it as a cash currency gradually.D. it will become a symbol of reunification for European countries.27. The writer seems_________A. to be over-enthusiastic about the success of the Euro.B. to launch a vigorous campaign against the Euro creep.C. to hold a hostile attitude towards Euro expansions.D. to take a matter-of-face attitude towards the issue.28. The word "cheerleader" ( Paragraph 4) can best be replaced by ________A. "voter".B. "advocator".C. "critic".D. "prophet".29. What does the writer intends to illustrate with Marks and Spencer.9A. A kind of professional service.B. Objections to the Euro creep.C. A type of subjective brand loyalty.D. Expansions of the Euro in Britain.30. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. The Prospect of the Euro in Britain.B. A New Currency under Attack.C. The Popularity of the Euro in Britain.D. A Theme of Dreams and Nightmares. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hairstyles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called top designers' in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over msh to obey. The doctrines of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out,, Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception,no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually blackmailed by the designers and the big stores, Clothes which have been worn onlya few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Woman who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way waste hours of their time altering the dressesthey have. Hem lines are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn'tat some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day,or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.31. In the opening paragraph, the writer introduced his topic by________A. introducing an illusion.B. making a comparison.C. depicting a vivid scene.D. posing a sharp contrast.32. In the eyes of the author, the dictates of fashion probably means a sort of design characterized by ________A. obsolescence and sensibility.B. uniqueness and stability.C. creativity and hypocrisy.D. inconstancy and irrationality.33. The word "blackmailed" most probably means ________A. "taken advantage of"B. "given thought to".C. "taken into account".D. "born in mind".34. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the _______ of clothing.A. suitabilityB. comfortC. appearanceD. fabric35. It can be inferred from the passage that women should________A. see through the very nature of fashion myths.B. boycott the products of the fashion industry.C. avoid following fashion doctrines too closely.D. blame designers for their waste of money.Part III Vocabulary (10 % )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36. The recovery and ________ of the country' s economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites in 'attractive locations.A. renewalB. revivalC. recessionD. relief37. In fact tho purchasing power of a single person's pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per centof the value of the ______ Singapore pension.A. equivalentB. similarC. consistentD. identical38. It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be ______ as to their motive in making contact.A. seen throughB. checked outC. touched onD. accounted to39. According to BBC boxing reporter Mike Costello ,just as there is worldwide _______ with boxing, so there is worldwide opposition.A. passionB. attractionC. emotionD. fascination40. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their _______ aspects.A. potentialB. socialC. essentialD. partial41. ________ any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.A. Take the most ofB. Keep the most ofC. Have the most ofD. Make the most of42. There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly_______A. let aloneB. let outC. let downD. let on43. Japan remains tied to the Western camp partly because the relationship has become __ to her economy and politics over forty years' association.A. integralB. unilateralC. rationalD. hierarchical44. With most online recruitment services, jobseekers must choose their words 'carefully;________ the search engine will never make the correct match.A. thereforeB. whereasC. providedD. otherwise45. The child should always ______ the same basic procedure: seeing the whole word-heating and pronouncing-writing from memory.A. go throughB. take overC. respond toD. carry off46. That MGM Grand Youth Center is open to children 3 - 12 years old _______ what hotel theyare staying in.A. regardless inB. regardless ofC. regardless onD. regardless from47. Ever since Geoffrey sent a sizeable cheque to a well-known charity he's been _______ with requests for money from all sides.A. devastatedB. smashedC. bombardedD. cracked48. Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, feel sure that I have no _________ but to report him to the local police.A. timeB. chanceC. authorityD. alternative49. Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to regret.A. teem withB. brim withC. come withD. look with50. They are always ready to heavy responsibilities.A. take inB. take onC. put onD. put in51. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a ________ future behind him.A. splendidB. conspicuousC. uproariousD. imminent52. That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only______necessity.A. within reach ofB. for fear ofC. by means ofD. in case of53. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand or express the emotion that it ______ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A. reflectsB. retainsC. rousesD. radiates54. _______ the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8 - 10 minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.A. Turn offB. Turn overC. Turn downD. Turn up55. Banks shall be unable to _______,or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.A. write offB. put asideC. shrink fromD. come overPart IV Cloze (10 % )Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Every second, 56 hectare of the world's rainforest is destroyed. That's one to two football fields.This 57 rate of destruction has serious consequences 58 the environment. Scientists estimate, for example, that 137 59 of plant, insect or animal become 60 every day due to logging. In British Columbia, 61 , since 1990,thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear cut, 142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and the 62 of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging, 63 , provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is 64 to restrict or control it. Much of Canada's forestry production 65 making pulp and paper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada 66 34% of the world's wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be 67 . Recently, a possible 68 way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp. Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fore which can be 69 paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For many centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries 70 it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading 71 would not have been possible 72 hemp. Nowadays, ships' cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be 73 for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four-times as 74 paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the 75 scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada's forests.56. A. matching B. equivalent C. mounting D. reaching57. A. great B. wonderful C. imaginary D. alarming58. A. for B. on C. at D. to59. A. types B. categories C. species D. classes60. A. extinct B. distinct C. dead D. exhausted61. A. when B. who C. where D. which62. A. territory B. land C. habitat D. inhabitant63. A. however B. furthermore C. otherwise D. instead64. A. willing B. likely C. reluctant D. intended65. A. goes up B. goes towards C. goes into D. goes at66. A. supplies B. offers C. presents D. provides67. A. maintained B. sustained C. preserved D. held68. A. optional B. potential C. promising D. alternative69. A. made into B. made for C. made up D. made of70. A. since B. because C. as D. while71. A. link B. exchange C. network D. site72. A. except B. without C. with D. besides73. A. resumed B. renewed C. refreshed D. revived74. A. much B. many C. few D. more75. A. great B. large C. immense D. massivePart V Translation from English into ChineseDirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET.What, then, does Drucker suggest are the new knowledge-based industries on which economic growth will depend? He discusses three categories of such industries. The first of theseis the information industry. This industry collects, stores, spreads, and applies knowledge. It depends on the computer. In the future, however, the computer itself will probably become less important than communicating and applying knowledge. Dmcker foresees a central computer that will make information available to everyone. Another source of new industries is the science ofthe oceans. New technologies may help to supply food and minerals from the seas. A third new source of economic growth is the materials industry. This industry provides the materials for making objects. One such industry that has already become economically important is the plastic industry. Dmcker explains that throughout history our traditional materials have been metals, glass, natural fibers, and paper. Today, with the help of modem science, industries can make many new materials to meet specific needs. Because they will be created to fit a certain product, they will be highly efficient. Consequently, he points out, industries that supply traditional materials such as steel or glass Will have trouble competing with those that produce these new materials.Part VI Writing( 15 % )Directions:A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:( 1 ) describe the picture and interpret its meaning.(2) point out the problem and give your comments.C. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)参考答案与解析16．A 题干问：“在文章开头作者通过什么方式引入话题?”正确选项为A“揭示一种自然现象”。

北京林业大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析1.When workers are organized in trade unions,employers find it hard to lay them.(A)off(B)aside(C)Out(D)down2.The wealth of a country should be measured the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.(A)in line with(B)in terms of(C)in regard with(D)by means of3.He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any on what he promises.(A)faith(B)belief(C)credit(D)reliance Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.4.My students found the book it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.(A)enlightening(B)confusing(C)distracting(D) amusing5.Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will down the economy.(A)put(B)settle(C)drag(D)knock6.In this factory the machines are not regulated but are jointly controlled by a central computer system.(A)independently(B)individually(C)irrespectively(D) irregularly7.Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change,or causes energy to be in some form.(A)given off(B)put out(C)set off(D)used up8.If businessmen are taxed too much,they will no longer be motivated to work hard,with the result that incomes from taxation might actually.(A)shrink(B)delay(C)disperse(D)sink9.American companies are evolving from mass-production manufacturing to enterprises.(A)moveable(B)changing(C)flexible(D)varying10.If you know what the trouble is,why don't you help them to the situation?(A)simplify(B)modify(C)verify(D)rectify11.I can not what has happened to the vegetables,for they were freshly picked this morning.(A)figure out(B)draw out(C)look out(D)work out12.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with flat.(A)disapproval(B)rejection(C)refusal(D)decline13.From this material we can hundreds of what you may call direct products.(A)derive(B)discern(C)diminish(D)displace14.She had clearly no of doing any work,although she was very well paid.(A)tendency(B)ambition(C)intention(D)willingness15.What seems confusing or fragmented at first might well becomea third time.(A)clean and measurable(B)notable and systematic(C)pure and wholesome(D)clear and organic16.The public opinion was that the time was not for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr.Jones.(A)reasonable(B)ripe(C)ready(D)practical17.Hudson said he could not kill a living thing except for the of hunger.(A)sensation(B)cause(C)purpose(D)motive18.For the new country to survive,for its people to enjoy prosperity,new economic policies will be required.(A)to name a few(B)let alone(C)not to speak(D) let's say19.Foreing disinvestment and the of South Africa from world capital markets after1985further weakened its economy.(A)displacement(B)elimination(C)exclusion(D) exception20.When a number of people together in a conversational knot, each individual expresses his position in the group by where he stands.(A)pad(B)pack(C)squeeze(D)cluster1.本题的答案是(A)(A)(lay)off："解雇"。

同济大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析The war was the most peaceful period of my life.The window of my bedroom faced southeast.My mother had curtained it,but that had small effect.I always woke up with the first light and,with all the Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi responsibilities of the previous day melted,felt myself rather like the sun,ready to shine and feel joy.Life never seemed so simple and clear and full of possibilities as then.I stuck my feet out under the sheets-I called them Mrs.Left and Mrs.Right-and invented dramatic situations for them in which they discussed the problems of the day.At least Mrs. Right did;she easily showed her feelings,but I didn“t have the same control of Mrs.Left,so she mostly contented herself with nodding agreement.They discussed what Mother and I should do during the day,what Santa Claus should give a fellow for Christmas,and what steps should be taken to brighten the home.There was that little matter of the baby,for instance.Mother and I could never agree about that.Ours was the only house in the neighborhood without a new baby,and Mother said we couldn“t afford one till Fa ther came back from the war because if cost seventeen and six.That showed how foolish she was.The Geneys up the road had a baby,and everyone knew they couldn”t afford seventeen and six.It was probably a cheap baby,and Mother wanted something really good,but I felt she was too hard to please.TheGeneys“baby would have done us fine.Having settled my plans for the day,I got up,put a chair under my window,and lifted the frame high enough to stick out my head.The window overlooked the front gardens of the homes behind ours,and beyond these it looked over a deep valley to the tall,red-brick house up the opposite hillside,which were all still shadow,while those on our side of the valley were all lit up,though with long storage shadows that made them seem unfamiliar,stiff and painted.After that I wentsintosMother“s room and climbedsintosthe big bed.She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes.By this time, though I never seem to have noticed it,I was freezing in my nightshirt, but I warmed up as I talked until the last frost melted.I fell asleep beside her and woke again only when I heard her below in the kitchen, making breakfast.1、How did the author feel early in the morning?A、He felt frightened by the war.B、He felt cheerful.C、He felt puzzled by the dramatic situations around him.D、He felt burdened with responsibilities.2、When he woke up in the morning,he would____.A、visit Mrs.Left and Mrs.RightB、roll up the curtainsC、try to work out his plans for the dayD、make Mrs.Left argue with Mrs.Right3、What did the author think of his mother?A、She was stubborn.B、She was poor.C、She was not very intelligent.D、She did not love him very much.4、Where was the author“s father during the war?A、He was out on business.B、He was working in another town.C、He went traveling.D、He was fighting in the front.5、In which month did the story probably take place?A、In January.B、In September.C、In December.D、In November.Keys to Passage2B C A D C本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷101(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.02 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just 427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.11．According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because______.A．cost reduction is based On competitionB．services call for cross-trade coordinationC．outside competitors will continue to existD．shippers will have the railway by the throat正确答案：C解析：本题可参照文章的第2段。

从中可知，支持这种新型的超级铁路的人宣称，这些合并会考虑大幅度降低成本，并更好地协调货运服务。

他们认为，任何来自垄断的威胁都可以通过来自于汽车运输的激烈竞争而消除。

据此可知，支持铁路合并的人认为，来自于外面的激烈竞争会消除垄断的局面。

C项与文意相符，因此C项为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读理解12．What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?A．Indifferent.B．Supportive.C．Indignant.D．Apprehensive.正确答案：D解析：本题可参照文章的第3段。

考博英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答1-5题。

In recent years, the number of people who commute to work by bicycle has increased significantly. This trend can be attributed to several factors, including concerns about environmental pollution, the rising cost of fuel, and the desire for a healthier lifestyle. As a result, many cities have invested in bicycle lanes and other infrastructure to support this mode of transportation.1. What is the main reason for the increase in bicycle commuting?A. Environmental concernsB. High fuel costsC. Health benefitsD. All of the above2. What has been the response of cities to this trend?A. They have ignored it.B. They have invested in bicycle infrastructure.C. They have discouraged it.D. They have not taken any action.3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for the increase in bicycle commuting?A. Traffic congestionB. Environmental pollutionC. Rising cost of fuelD. Desire for a healthier lifestyle4. What does the passage suggest about the future of bicycle commuting?A. It will continue to increase.B. It will decrease.C. It will remain stable.D. It is uncertain.5. What type of infrastructure have cities invested in to support bicycle commuting?A. Public transportationB. Bicycle lanesC. Parking lotsD. Highways二、词汇与语法（共30分）Choose the correct word or phrase to fill in the blanks in the following sentences.6. The company has decided to ________ its operations to new markets.A. expandB. contractC. maintainD. abandon7. Despite the heavy rain, the marathon was still held as________.A. plannedB. planningC. to planD. was planning8. The new policy will come into ________ on January 1st.A. effectB. affectC. impactD. influence9. The professor's lecture was so ________ that I couldn't follow it.A. complicatedB. complexC. complicatedlyD. complexly10. She ________ the book to the library yesterday.A. returnedB. borrowedC. lentD. kept三、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentence into English.11. 随着科技的发展，远程工作变得越来越普遍。

2012年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．John made______keys for the house: one for his wife and one for himself.A．facilitatedB．sophisticatedC．duplicateD．intricate正确答案：C解析：本题考查形容词的语义，同时也是一道语境题。

A便利的；B老于世故的，复杂的、精密的；C复制的，完全一样的；D错综复杂的。

该句的大意为：约翰配了两把完全一样的家里钥匙：一把给他太太；另一把他自己留着。

2．It’s difficult to be great without being ______: a doctor should never belittle a patient’s concerns, regardless of how trivial they may seem to the doctor.A．patheticB．compassionateC．fussyD．sentimental正确答案：B解析：本题考查形容词的语义。

A引起怜悯的，可怜的；B有同情心的；C 易激怒的，爱挑剔的；D感情用事的。

该句的大意为：伟大的人都具有同情心：医生绝不应该轻视病人所担心的事，不管他们担心的事在医生看来有多么的不重要。

3．Marriage is based upon the complete willingness of the two parties. Neither party shall use ______and no third party is allowed to interfere.A．collisionB．compensationC．compulsionD．collaboration正确答案：C解析：本题考查题干中两句话的逻辑关系和名词语义，是一道语境题。