博士入学考试英语模拟题

XX博士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：1001 科目名称：英语请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试题上无效）in law and medical school classrooms in rece nt years.A) subord in ati on B) participatio n C) impact D)assumpti on3. It has been proven innumerable times that the various types ofbehavior, emoti ons, and in terests that _______ being masculi neand feminine are patter ned by both heredity and culture.A) con struct B) assig n C) con stitute D)approve4. Our guess said some very things about the meal I ' d cooked.subtleon the test.A ) complimentaryB ) complimentedC ) complementaryD ) complement5. He has some ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.A) vulgar B)vague C) delicate D)6. The teacher gave me a on the b ack for gett ing an “A” A) clap B) hit C) pat D) padgatheri ng.A) reas oningB)reas on able C) n eutral D)mutual18. Some people tell jokes very well while others __________________ say someth ing funny.A) attempt to B) tempt to C) appeal to D) struggle to 19. I was jealous of the football player ' s ________ in school.A) popularity B) curiosity C) familiarity D) professi on20. It was only when I saw the painting on sale for half the priceI paid for it that I realized IA) in trigued B) steered bothered H . Reading Comprehensionfollowed by somequestions or unfinished there are four choices marked A., B., C. andD. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.d been ________ C) cheated D)Directi ons:There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage isstatements. For each of themPassage OneAn 82-year-old manwhoshot a burglar who was trying to break into his allotme nt shed was ordered to pay him £ 4000 damages yesterday.Ted Newbery had bee n sleep ing in the shed to try to stop van dals destro ying his allotme nt. He fired through a hole in the door whe n he heard voices outside. Mark Revill, 28, was hit in the chest and arm by 50 shotg un pellets as he and ano ther man tried to smash their way into the shed. They had gone there to steal, knowing that the pensioner had a televisi on set and a washi ng machi ne in the shed.Mr. Newbery had slept in the shed every ni ght for four yearsbecause of van dalism, the court was told by the defe nse. That ni ght, he heard a loud banging on the door, and a voice say ing “ If the oldman s in there, we ' ll do him. ” He was absolutely terrified, and fired the gun in self-defense. As a result of the incident, Mr. RevillA) He tried to break in. B) He was shot dead.C) He was a n eighbor of Mr. Newbery. D) He lived onpension.2. Mr. Newbery said he shot at Mr. Revill _____ .A) out of panic B) through the windowC) to frighte n him away D) because he wasangry with him3. Which of the following opinions did the court most probably agree withA) It was Mr. Revill ' s own fault if he was injured.B) Mr. Newbery had pla nned the shooti ng.C) Mr. Newbery should have bee n sent to pris on for what he did.D) A home owner is entitled to shoot a burglar under any circumsta nces.4. The Mayor of Erewash started a fund to help Mr. Newbery becausehe thought _____ .A) Mr. Newbery was right in trying to defe nd himself6. This passage implies that war is nowc. believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent ward. does not doubt the truth of any ideologiessemester. A typical course con sists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years atte nding two semesters each year.It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a Ion ger period. It is also possible for a student to move between one uni versity and ano ther duri ng his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in stude nt orga ni zati ons arouse much en thusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipli ne is usually performed by stude nts who advise the academic authorities. Any stude nt who is thought to have broke n the rules, for example, by cheati ng has to appear before a stude nt court. With the en ormous nu mbers of stude nts, the operati on of the system does invo Ive a certa in amount of activity. A stude nt who has held one of these positions of authority is muchrespected and it will be of ben efit to him later in his career. 11. Normally a stude nt would at least atte nd classes eachweek.A. 36B. 12C. 20D. 1512. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed .a. to live in a different universityb. to take a particular course in a different university.c. to live at home and drive to classesd. to get two degrees from two different universities13. America n uni versity stude nts are usually un der pressure of workbecause .a. their academic performanee will affect their future careersb. they are heavily invoIved in student affairesc. they have to observe university disciplined. they want to run for positions of authority14. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in studentorga ni zati ons probably becausea. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study估计了本大题共1小题，本大题共25分。

博士研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及详解（13）Part I Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are 4 answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passagecarefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.(1)The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation industry, has recommended that all airlines ban such devices from being used during “critical” stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft’s computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation, whichaffects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable to interference raises the task that terrorists may use radio system in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who can’t hear t he instructions to turn off his radio because the music’s too loud.1. The passage is mainly about ______.A. a new regulation for all airlinesB. the defects of electronic devicesC. a possible cause of aircraft crashesD. effective safety measures for air flight2. Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices, because ______.A. they don’t belie ve there is such a danger as radio interferenceB. the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be provedC. most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette playersD. they have other effective safety measures to fall back on3. Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane’s computers?A. Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.B. Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.C. Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs.D. Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.4. It can be inferred from the passage that the author ______.A. is in favor of prohibiting passengers’ use of electronic devices completelyB. has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interferenceC. hasn’t formed his own opinion on this problemD. regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight【答案与解析】1.C 通篇文章讲述的都是portable electronic devices可能对飞机的安全造成影响。

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%)(略）Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)　Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through the center.21. The__________of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter22. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperousB. secretiveC. slackD. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment24. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary25. Some linguists believe that the__________age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A. optimisticB. optionalC. optimalD. oppressed26. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the__________of their cities.A. paradisesB. omissionsC. orchardsD. outskirts27. The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.A. presumedB. proposedC. presentedD. presided28. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB. overthrewC. overpassedD. overflew29. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes__________over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrentB. transientC. tensileD. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.A. winkB. withholdC. witherD. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscription35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. relayedD. reproached36. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a __________event.A. cholesterolB. charcoalC. catastrophicD. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes38. All the music instruments in the orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilizedB. chatteredC. chamberedD. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be__________.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated40. She made two copies of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationallyB. simultaneouslyC. strenuouslyD. simplyPartⅢ Reading Comprehension (40%)　Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush” device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.A. ground waterB. rainwaterC. drinking waterD. fresh water42. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?　A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.　B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries.C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform.D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.43. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrierB. a wire screenC. a first-flushD. a storage tank44. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insectsB. a fitted coverC. a first-flush deviceD. sunlight45. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank.B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage: Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill―the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.46. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________.　A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the community D . a r e d e s i g n e d t o p r o m o t e t h e c h i l d ' s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 2 " > h a p p i n e s s Q u e s t i o n s 5 1 t o 5 5 a r e b a s e d o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a s s a g e : / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 3 " > 0 0 M o r e t h a n h a l f o f a l l J e w s m a r r i e d i n U . S . s i n c e 1 9 9 0 h a v e w e d p e o p l e w h o a r e n ' t J e w i s h . N e a r l y 4 8 0 , 0 0 0 A m e r i c a n c h i l d r e n u n d e r t h e a g e o f t e n h a v e o n e J e w i s h a n d o n e n o n - J e w i s h p a r e n t . A n d , i f a s u r v e y c o m p i l e d b y r e s e a r c h e r s a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a a t L o s A n g e l e s i s a n y i n d i c a t i o n , i t ' s a l m o s t c e r t a i n t h a t m o s t o f t h e s e c h i l d r e n w i l l n o t i d e n t i f y t h e m s e l v e s a s J e w i s h w h e n t h e y g e t o l d e r . T h a t s u r v e y a s k e d c o l l e g e f r e s h m e n , w h o a r e u s u a l l y a r o u n d a g e 1 8 , a b o u t t h e i r o w n a n d t h e i r p a r e n t s ' r e l i g i o u s i d e n t i t i e s . N i n e t y - t h r e e p e r c e n t o f t h o s e w i t h t w o J e w i s h p a r e n t s s a i d t h e y t h o u g h t o f t h e m s e l v e s a s J e w i s h . B u t w h e n t h e f a t he r w a s n ' t J e w i s h , t h e n u m b e r d r o p p e d t o 3 8 p e r c e n t , a n d w h e n t h e m o t h e r w a s n ' t J e w , j u s t 15 p e r c e n t o f t h e s t u d e n t s s a i d t h e y w e r e J e w i s h , t o o . I t h i n k w h a t w a s s u r p r i s i n g w a s j u s t h o w l o w t h e J e w i s h i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w a s i n t h e s e m i x e d m a r r i a g e f a m i l i e s . L i n d a S a x i s a p r o f e s s o r o f e d u c a t i o n a t U C L A . S h e d i r e c t e d t h e s u r v e y w h i c h w a s c o n d u c t e d o v e r t h e c o u r s e o fm o r e t h a n a d e c a d e a n d w a s n ' t a c t u a l l y a b o u t r e l i g i o u s i d e n t i t y s p e c i f i c a l l y . B u t P r o f e s s o r S a x s a y s t h e a n s w e r s t o q u e s t i o n s a b o u t r e l i g i o n w e r e p a r t i c u l a r l y s t r i k i n g , a n d d e s e r v e a m o r e d e t a i l e d s t u d y . S h e s a y s i t ' s o b v i o u s t h a t i n t e r f a i t h m a r r i a g e w o r k s a g a i n s t t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f J e w i s h i d e n t i t y a m o n g c h i l d r e n , b u t s a y s i t ' s n o t c l e a r a t t h i s p o i n t w h y t h a t ' s t h e c a s e . T h i s n e w s t u d y i s n e c e s s a r y t o g e t m o r e i n - d e p t h a b o u t t h e i r f e e l i n g s a b o u t t h e i r r e l i g i o n . T h a t ' s s o m e t h i n g t h a t t h e s t u d y t h a t I c o m p l e t e d w a s n o t a b l e t o d o . W e d i d n ' t h a v e i n f o r m a t i o n o n h o w t h e y f e e l a b o u t t h e i r r e l i g i o n , w h e t h e r t h e y h a v e a n y c o n c e r n a b o u t t h e i r i s s u e s o f i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , h o w c o m f o r t a b l e t h e y f e e l a b o u t t h e i r l i f e l o n g g o a l s . I t h i n k t h e n e w s t u d y ' s g o i n g t o c o v e r s o m e o f t h a t , s h e s a y s . J a y R u b i n i s e x e c u t i v e d i r e c t o r o f H i l e l , a n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n t h a t w o r k s w i t h J e w i s h c o l l e g e s t u d e n t s . M r . R u b i n s a y s J u d a i s m i s m o r e t h a n a r e l i g i o n , i t ' s a n e x p e r i e n c e . A n d w i t h t h a t i n m i n d , H i l l e l h a s c o m m i s s i o n e d a s t u d y o f J e w i s h a t t i t u d e s t o w a r d s J u d a i s m . R e s e a r c h e r s w i l l c o n c e n t r a t e p r i m a r i l y o n y o u n g a d u l t s , a n d t h o s e w i t h t w o J e w i s h p a r e n t s , a n d t h o s e w i t h j u s t o n e , t h o s e w h o s e e t h e m s e l v e s a s J e w i s h a n d t h o s e w h o d o n o t . J a y R u b i n s a y s H i l l e l w i l l t h e n u s e t h i s s t u d y t o f o r m u l a t e a s t r a t e g y f o r m a k i n g J u d a i s m m o r e r e l e v a n t t o t h e n e x t g e n e r a t i o n o f A m e r i c a n J e w s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 4 " > 5 1 . T h e b e s t t i t l e o f t h i s p a s s a g e i s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 5 " > A . J e w i s h a n d N o n - J e w i s h i n A m e r i c a n B . J e w i s h I d e n t i t y i n A m e r i c a / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 6 " > C . J u d a i s m - a R e l i g i o n ? D . C o l l e g e J e w i s h S t u d e n t s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 7 " > 5 2 . A m o n g t h e f r e s h m e n a t U C L A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t h o u g h t t h e m s e l v e s a s J e w i s h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 8 " > A . m o s t B .9 3 % o f t h o s e w h o s e p a r e n t s w e r e b o t h J e w i s h / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 9 " > C . 6 2 % o f t h o s e o n l y w h o s e f a t h e r w e r e J e w i s h D . 1 5 % o f t h o s e o n l y w h o s e m o t h e r w e r e J e w i s h / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 0 " >5 3 . T h e p h r a s e i n t e r f a i t h m a r r i a g e i n t h e P a r a g r a p h 3 r e f e r s t o t h e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f id = " 1 3 1 " > A . m a r r i a ge of p e o p l e b a s e d o n m u t u a l b e l i e f B . m a r r i ag e o f p e o p l e f o r th e c o m m o n f ai t h / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 2 " > C . m a r r i a g e o f p e o p l e o f d i f f e r e n t r e l i g i o u s f a i t h s D . m a r r i a g e o f p e o p l e w h o h a v e f a i t h i n e a c h o t h e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 3 " > 5 4 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s N O T t r u e a b o u t p r o f e s s o r S a x ' s r e s e a r c h ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 4 " > A . T h e r e s e a r c h i n d i c a t e s t h a t m o s t s t u d e n t s w i t h o n l y o n e J e w i s h p a r e n t w i l l n o t t h i n k t h e m s e l v e s a s J e w i s h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 5 " > B . T h e s u r v e y w a s c a r r i e d o u t a m o n g J e w i s h F r e s h m e n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 6 " > C . T h e r e s e a r c h s u r v e y d i d n ' t f i n d o u t w h a t a n d h o w t h e s e J e w i s h s t u d e n t s t h i n k a b o u t t h e i r r e l i g i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 7 " > D . T h e r e s e a r c h p r e s e n t s a n e w p e r s p e c t i v e f o r t h e f u t u r e s t u d y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 8 " > 5 5 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r u e a c c o r d i n g t o t h e l a s t p a r a g r a p h ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 9 " > A . M r . R u b i n i s t h e f o u n d e r o f H i l l e l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 0 " > B . M r . R u b i n t h i n k s t h a t J u d a i s m i s n o t a r e l i g i o n a n d i t ' s a n e x p e r i e n c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 1 " > C . H i l l e l i s a n o r g a n i z a t i o n c o n c e r n e d w i t h J e w i s h c o l l e g e s t u d e n t s i n t h e w o r l d . / p > p b d s f i d = "1 42 " > D . H i l l e l h a s a s k e d c e r t a i n p e o p l e t o c a r r y o u t a s t u d y a b o u t J e w i s h a t t i t u d e s t o w a r d s J u d a i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 43 " > Q u e s t i o n s 5 6 t o 6 0 a r e b a s e d o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a s s a g e : / p >。

医学博士外语模拟试卷56(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. PartⅠListening Comprehension 2. PartⅡV ocabulary 3. PartⅢCloze 4. PartⅣReading Comprehension 5. PartⅤWritingPartⅠListening ComprehensionSection A听力原文：W: You need to cut down on your sugar intake. M: I find it very hard to resist. Q: What does the woman suggest that the man should do?1．A．Cut the sugar cubes into smaller pieces.B．Put sugar in his coffee.C．Reduce the amount of sugar he ingests.D．Eat more sugar.正确答案：C解析：cut down为“削减”的意思，女士建议男士减少糖分的摄入量，reduce 意为“减少”，是对cut down的同义替换，故选C。

听力原文：W: The doctor said I had to go for a test on my ankle to see if I tore any ligaments. M: Sounds a bit more serious than I thought. Q: What does the man mean?2．A．He thought it was very serious.B．He didn’t think it was that serious.C．He thinks it is worth getting a second opinion.D．He is not surprised, since he thought it was quite bad.正确答案：B解析：由男士说的话“Sounds a bit more serious than I thought”可知，女士的情况听起来比他所想象的要更严重一点，故而可知他认为并没有那么严重，故选B。

攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及答案攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题APart I: Vocabulary (20 points)1. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other .A. bruisesB. blundersC. handicapsD. drawbacks2. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was _ _ in tropic countries.A. prospectiveB. prevalentC. provocativeD. perpetual3. After several nuclear disasters, a has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A. quarrelB. suspicionC. verdictD. controversy4. He is a(n) and well-behaved child, but his parents worry about him for he talks too little.A. obedientB. transientC. consciousD. passionate5. Mary once with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.A. mergedB. collaboratedC. coincidedD. constituted6. A man has to make for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old.A. supplyB. assuranceC. provisionD. adjustment7. Earl was balancing himself on top of the fence when he lost his and fell off.A. equilibriumB. equivalenceC. equivalentD. equation8. The of a society, club, etc, are the records of its doings, especially as published each year.A. proceduresB. processesC. proceedingsD. projects9. Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves know where to look.A. virtuallyB. initiallyC. invariablyD. infinitely10. Outsiders have the success of Eastern Asia's economics with admiration, wonderment andsometimes hostility.A. gazedB. glancedC. contemplatedD. peered11. It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an plan.A. inherentB. ingeniousC. infectiousD. indulgent12. There are some between their two descriptions; we are puzzled which we should believe.A. discrepanciesB. distractionsC. diversionsD. discretion13. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to dreams were likely to behighly respected.A. interpretB. interveneC. inheritD. impact14. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainlyon .A. consciousnessB. impulseC. instinctD. response15. Equipment not official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.A. conforming toB. consistent withC. predominant overD. providing for16. According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically to construct a pioneeringspace colony, powered by solar energy.A. practicalB. flexibleC. feasibleD. beneficial17. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly _ _ to hot, dry winds.They are what we call weather-sensitive people.A. subjectiveB. subordinateC. liableD. vulnerable18. These areas rely on agriculture almost , having few mineral recourses and a minimum ofindustrial development.A. respectivelyB. extraordinarilyC. incrediblyD. exclusively19. There is no doubt that the of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestige 'B. superiorityC. priorityD. publicity20. Military orders are and cannot be disobeyed.A. defectiveB. conservativeC. alternativeD. imperative21. Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of grouping is advisable.A. homogenousB. instantaneousC. spontaneousD. anonymous22. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloonsslowly into the sky.A. ascendingB. elevatingC. escalatingD. lingering23. He obviously displayed a great for some of your poems.A. consentB. admirationC. respectD. pleasure24. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause of vegetables in the coming days.A. rarityB. scarcityC. invalidityD. variety25. The continuous unrest was _____________ the nation’s economy.A. exaggeratingB. aggravatingC. amendingD. fastening26. With a wave of his hand, the magician made the duck .A. scatterB. vanishC. abandonD. fly away27. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this __________ producesartificial cold surrounding it.A. absorptionB. transitionC. consumptionD. interaction28. They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to it because of the rainyweather.A. cancelB. eliminateC. delayD. prolong29. This dictionary is intended for American learners of Chinese.A. especiallyB. particularlyC. specificallyD. uniquely30. A UN official said that aid programs would be until there was adequate protection for reliefconvoy.A. dependedB. suspendedC. postponedD. expended31. The problem is that most local authorities lack the ____to deal sensibly in this market.A. anticipationB. perceptionC. prospectD. expertise32. Awards provide a(n)____for young people to improve their skills.A. incentiveB. initiativeC. fugitiveD. captive33. The physician had to visit his patient six ___________days before the patient could be considered in a faircondition.A. consequentB. consecutiveC. consistentD. conservative34. Oil is derived from the ____of microscopic sea creatures, and is even older, according to most geologists.A. layoutsB. remindersC. remainsD. 1eftovers35. Successful students sometimes become so ____with grades that they never enjoy their school years.A. passionateB. involvedC. immersedD. obsessed36. Apparently there were ____between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times.A. distortionsB. discrepanciesC. disordersD. distractions37. It had been a terrible afternoon for Jane, ____at about six o’clock in her father’s sudden collapse intounconsciousness.A. convergingB. culminatingC. finalizingD. releasing38. The 12-year-old civil war had____1.5 million lives.A. declaredB. proclaimedC. claimedD. asserted。

2024年全国医学博士英语统一考试模拟测试卷2024 National Medical Doctorate English Unified Examination Mock Test PaperSection 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The Importance of VaccinesVaccines are one of the greatest inventions in medical history. They have played a crucial role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies to fight off harmful viruses and bacteria. By doing so, vaccines help to protect individuals from getting sick and prevent the spread of diseases within communities.Vaccines have been responsible for the eradication of smallpox and the near-elimination of diseases such as polio, measles, and rubella. Vaccines have saved millions of lives and prevented countless cases of disability and suffering. They have also been instrumental in reducing healthcare costs associated with treating preventable diseases.Despite the overwhelming evidence of the benefits of vaccines, there are still individuals and groups who are hesitant or opposed to vaccination. Some concerns about vaccines include their safety, side effects, and the ingredients used in their production. It is important for healthcare professionals to address these concerns and provide accurate information to help individuals make informed decisions about vaccination.It is crucial that we continue to support vaccination efforts to protect the health of individuals and communities. By getting vaccinated, we not only protect ourselves but also contribute to the overall public health.Questions:1. What is the main purpose of vaccines?2. Name one disease that has been eradicated by vaccines.3. Why are some individuals hesitant to get vaccinated?4. What role do healthcare professionals play in addressing concerns about vaccines?5. What is the benefit of vaccination for public health?Section 2: Vocabulary and GrammarChoose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.1. The doctor recommended that he ___________ more water to stay hydrated.a) drinksb) drinkc) drinkingd) drank2. The patient ___________ his arm after the injection.a) rubb) rubbingc) rubbedd) rubs3. She has a ___________ in her thigh from a childhood accident.a) scarb) scrapec) cutd) bruise4. The nurse ___________ the patient's blood pressure before the surgery.a) checkedb) checkingc) checksd) check5. The laboratory results ___________ that the patient has a vitamin deficiency.a) indicateb) indicatesc) indicatedd) indicatingSection 3: WritingWrite an essay on the topic: "The Role of Telemedicine in Modern Healthcare". Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of telemedicine and how it has impacted the delivery of healthcare services. Include examples to support your arguments.Section 4: Listening ComprehensionListen to the audio file and answer the questions provided.We hope you found this mock test paper helpful in preparing for the upcoming National Medical Doctorate English Unified Examination in 2024. Good luck!。

复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure（15 points）Directions： There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰwith a single line through the center.1．Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not ______ to a close examination.A．keep up B．put up C． stand up D．look up2．When I bent down to tie my shoelace, the seat of my trousers______.A．split B．cracked C．broke D．holed3．His ______ thighs were barely strong enough to support the weight of his body.A． inanimate B．rustic C．malleable D．shrunken 4．To get my travellers' cheques I had to ______ a special cheque to the bank for the total amount.A．make for B．make out C．make up D．make off5．She described the distribution of food and medical supplies as a ______ nightmare.A．paranoid B．putative C．benign D． logistical6．A sordid, sentimental plot unwinds, with an inevitable ______ ending.A． mawkish B．fateful C．beloved D．perfunctory 7．Despite ______ efforts by the finance minister, inflation rose to 36 points.A．absurd B．grimy C．valiant D．fraudulent8．In ______ I wish I had thought about alternative courses of action.A．retrospect B．disparity C．succession D．dissipation 9．Psychoanalysts tend to regard both ______ and masochism as arising from childhood deprivation.A．attachment B．distinction C．ingenuity D．sadism 10．Fear showed in the eyes of the young man, while the old man looked tired and ______.A．watery B．wandering C．weary D．wearing11．The clash between Real Madrid and Arsenal is being ______ as the match of the season.A． harbinger B．allured C．congested D．lodged 12．What he told me was a ______ of downright lies.A．load B．mob C．pack D．flock13．We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ______.A．out of work B． out of stock C．out of reach D．out of practice14．______ I realized the consequences, I would never have contemplated getting involved.A．Even if B．Had C．As long as D． If15．They managed to ______ the sound on TV every time the alleged victim's name was spoken.A．deaden B．deprive C．punctuate D．rebuff16．He had been ______ to appear in court on charges of incitement of lawbreaking.A．illuminated B．summoned C．prevailed D．trailed17．The computer doesn't ______ human thought; it reaches the same ends by different means.A．flunk B．renew C．succumb D．mimic18．How about a glass of orange juice to ______ your thirst？A．quench B．quell C．quash D．quieten19．The rain looked as if it had ______ for the night.A．set off B．set up C．set out D．set in20．My aunt lost her cat last summer, but it ______ a week later at a home in the next village.A． turned up B．turned in C．turned on D．turned out 21．As is known to all, a vague law is always ______ to different interpretations.A．invulnerable B．immune C．resistant D． susceptible 22．The manager ______ facts and figures to make it seem that the company was prosperous.A．beguiled B．besmirched C．juxtaposed D．juggled23．To our great delight, yesterday we received a（n） ______ donation from a benefactor.A．handsome B．awesome C．miserly D．prodigal 24．Students who get very high marks will be ______ from the final examination.A．expelled B．banished C． absolved D．ousted25．It ______ me that the man was not telling the truth.A． effects B．pokes C．hits D．stirs26．John glanced at Mary to see what she thought, but she remained ______.A．manifest B．obnoxious C．inscrutable D．obscene 27．My neighbor tended to react in a heat and ______ way.A．impetuous B．impertinent C．imperative D．impe rceptible28．This morning when she was walking in the street, a black car______ beside her.A．drew out B．drew off C．drew down D． drew up29．She decided to keep reticent about the unpleasant past and______ it to memory.A．attribute B．allude C．commit D．credit30．It did not take long for the central bank to ______ their fears.A．soothe B．snub C．smear D．sanctifyPart ⅡReading Comprehension（40 points）Directions： There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A,B, C and D．Choose the best answer and mark corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰwith a single line through the center.Passage OneJean left Alice Springs on Monday morning with regret, and flew all day in a “Dragonfly”' aircraft; and it was a very instructive day for her. The machine did not go directly to Cloncurry, but flew to and for across the wastes of Central Australia, depositing small bags of mail at cattle stations and picking up cattle-men and travelers to drop them off after a hundred or a hundred and fifty miles. They landed eight or ten times in the course of the day, at places like Ammaroo and Hatches Creek andmany other stations; at each place they would get out of the plane and drink a cup of tea and have a talk with the station manager or owner, and get back into the plane and go on their way. By the end of the day Jean Paget knew exactly what a cattle station looked like, and she was beginning to have a very good idea of what went on there.They got to Cloncurry in the evening, a fairly extensive town on a railway that ran eastward to the sea at Townsville．Here she wasin Queensland, and she heard for the first time the slow deliberate speech of the Queensland that reminded her at once of her friend Joe Harman. She was driven into town in a very old open car and deposited at the Post Office Hotel; she got a bedroom but tea was over, and she had to go down the wide，dusty main street to a café for her evening meal. Cloncurry, she found, had none of the clean attractiveness of Alice Springs; it was a town which smelt of cattle, with wide streets through which to drive them down to the stockyard, many hotels, and a few shops. All the houses were of wood with red-painted iron roofs; the hotels had two floors, but very few of the other houses had more than one.She had to spend a day here, because the air service to Normanton and Willstown ran weekly on a Wednesday． She went out after breakfast while the air was still cool and walked in one direction up the huge mainstreet for half a mile till she came to the end of the town, then came back and walked down it a quarter of a mile till she came to the other end. Then she went and had a look at the railway station, and, having seen the airfield,with that she had seen all there was to see in Cloncurry. She looked in at a shop that sold toys and newspapers, but they were sold out of all reading matter except a few books about dress-making; as the day was starting to warm up she went back to the hotel. She managed to borrow a copy of the Australian Women's Weekly from the manageress of the hotel and took it to her room, and took off most of her clothes and lay down on her bed to sweat it out during the heat of the day. Most of the other citizens of Cloncurry seemed to be doing the same thing.She felt like moving again shortly before tea and had a shower, and went out to the café for an ice. Weighed down by the heavy meal of roast beef and plum-pudding that the Queenslanders call “tea” she sat in a folding chair for a little outside in the cool of the evening, and went to bed again at about eight o'cock. She was called before daybreak, and was out at the airfield with the first light.31．When Jean had to leave Alice Springs, she ______.A．wished she could have stayed lodgerB．regretted she had decided to flyC．wasn't looking forward to flying all dayD．wished it had not been a Monday morning32．How did Jean get some idea of Australian cattle station？A．She learnt about them at first hand.B．She learnt about them from friends.C．She visited them weekly.D．She stayed on one for a week.33．Jean's main complaint about Cloncurry in comparison with Alice Springs, was ______.A．the width of the main street B．the poor service at the hotel C．the poor-looking buildings D．the smell of cows34．For her evening meal on the second day Jean had ______.A．only an ice-cream B．a lot of cooked foodC．some cold beer D．a cooling, but non-alcoholic drink35．Jean left Cloncurry ______.A． early on Wednesday morning B．late on Tuesday eveningC．after breakfast on Tuesday D．before breakfast on TuesdayPassage TwoIt was unfortunate that, after so trouble-free an arrival, he should stumble in the dark as he was rising and severely twist his ankle on a piece of rock. After the first shock the pain became bearable, and he gathered up his parachute before limping into the trees to hide it as best he could. The hardness of the ground and the deep darkness made it almost impossible to do this efficiently. The pine needles lay several inches deep so he simply piled them on top of the parachute, cutting the short twigs that he could feel around his legs, and spreading them on top of the needles. He had great doubts about whether it would stay buried, but there was very little else that he could do about it.After limping for some distance in an indirect course away from his parachute he began to make his way downhill through the trees. He had to find out where he was, and then decide what to do next. But walking downhill on a rapidly swelling ankle soon proved to be almost beyond his powers. He moved more and more slowly， walking in long sideways movements across the slope, which meant taking more steps but less painful ones. By the time he cleared the trees and reached the valley, day was breaking. Mist hung in soft sheets across the field. Small cottages and farm buildings grouped like sleeping cattle around a village church,whose pointed tower, pointed high into the cold winter air to welcome the morning.“I can't go no further，” John Harding thought.“Someone is bound to find me, but what can't I do？ I must get a rest before I go on. Ther'll look for me first up there on the mountain where the plane crashed. I bet they're out looking for it already and they're bound to find the parachute in the end. I can't believe they won't. So they'll know I'm not dead and must be somewhere. They'll think I'm hiding up there in the trees and rocks so they'll look for me, so I'll go down to the village. With luck by the evening my foot will be good enough to get me to the border.”Far above him on the mountainside he could hear the faint echo of voices, startling him after great silence. Looking up he saw lights like little pinpoints moving across the face of the mountain in the grey light. But the road was deserted, and he struggled along, still almost invisible in the first light, easing his aching foot whenever he could, avoiding stones and rough places, and limping quietly and painfully towards the village. He reached the church at last. A great need for peace almost drew him inside, but he knew that would not do. Instead, he limped along its wails towards a very old building standing a short distance from the church doors. It seemed to have been there for ever, as if it hadgrown out of the hillside. It had the same air of timelessness as the church. John Harding pushed open the heavy wooden door and slipped inside.36．It is known from the passage that John Harding was ______.A．an escaped prisonerB．a criminal on the run from the policeC．an airman who had landed in an enemy country areaD．a spy who had been hiding in the forest37．John Harding found it hard to hide his parachute because ______.A．he got his ankle twisted severelyB．the trees did not give very good coverC．the earth was not soft and there was little lightD．the pine needles lay too thick on the ground38．In spite of his bad ankle John Harding was able to ______.A．carry on walking fairly rapidlyB．walk in a direction that was less steepC． bear the pain without changing directionD．find out where he had landed39．When John Harding got out of the forest he saw that ______.A．it was beginning to get much lighterB．washing was hanging on the lines in the villageC．the fields were full of sleeping cowsD．some trees had been cleared near the village40．John Harding decided to go down to the village ______.A．to find a doctor to see to his ankle B． to be near the frontier C．to avoid the search party D．to find shelter in a buildingPassage ThreeA trade group for liquor retailers put out a press release with an alarming headlin e: “Millions of Kids Buy Internet Alcohol, Landmark Survey Reveals.”The announcement, from the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America received wide media attention. On NBC's Today Show, Lea Thompson said, “According to a new online survey, one in 10 teen agershave an underage friend who has ordered beer, wine or liquor over the internet. More than a third think they can easily do it and nearly half think they won't get caught.” Several newspapers mentioned the study, including USA Today and the Record of New Jersey. The news even made Australia's Gold Coast Bulletin.Are millions of kids really buying booze online？ To arrive at that jarring headline, the group used some questionable logic to pump up results from a survey that was already tilted in favor of finding a large number of online buyer.For starters, consider the source. The trade group that commissioned the survey has long fought efforts to expand online sales of alcohol; its members are local distributors who compete with online liquor sellers. Some of the news coverage pointed out that conflict of interest, though reports didn't delve more deeply into how the numbers were computed.The Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America hired Teenage Research Unlimited, a research company, to design the study. Teenage Research, in turn, hired San Diego polling firm Luth Research to put the questions to 1,001 people between the ages of 14 and 20in an online survey. Luth gets people to participate in its surveys in part by advertising them online and offering small cash awards—typically less than $ 5 for short surveys.People who agree to participate in online surveys are, by definition, internet users, something that not all teens are. （Also, people who actually take the time to complete such surveys may be more likely to be active, or heavy internet users. ） It's safe to say that kids who use the internet regularly are more likely to shop online than those who don't. Teenage Research Unlimited told me it weighted the survey results to adjust for age, sex, ethnicity and geography of respondents, but had no way to adjust for degree of internet usage.Regardless, the survey found that, after weighting, just 2.1 points of the 1,001 respondents bought alcohol online—compared, with 56 points who had consumed alcohol. Making the questionable assumption that their sample was representative of all Americans aged 14 to 20 with access to the internet—and not just those with the time and inclination to participate in online surveys—the researchers concluded that 551,000 were buying alcohol online.But that falls far short of the reported “millions of kids”. To justify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if they knew a teen who had purchased alcohol online. Some 12 points said they did. Of course, it's ridiculous to extrapolate from a state like that—one buyer could be known by many people, and it's impossible to measure overlap. Consider a high school of1,000 students, with 20 who have bought booze on line and 100 who know about the purchases. If 100 of the school's students are surveyed at random, you'd expect to find two who have bought and 10 who know someone who has—but that still represents only two buyers, not 10．（Not to mention the fact that thinking you know someone who has ordered beer online is quite different from ordering a six pack yourself. ）Karen Gravois Elliott, a spokeswoman for the wholesalers' group, told me, “The numbers are real,” but referred questions about methodology to Teenage Research. When I asked her about the potential problems of conducting the survey online, she said the medium was a strength of the survey: “We specifically wanted to look at the teenage online population.”Nahme Chokeir, a vice president of client service for SanDiego-based Luth Research Inc., told me that some of his online panel comes from word of mouth, which wouldn't necessarily skew toward heavy internet users. He added that some clients design surveys to screen respondents by online usage, though Teenage Research didn't.I asked Michael Wood, a vice president at Teenage Research who worked on the survey， whether one could say, as the liquor trade group did, that millions of teenagers had bought alcohol online. “You can't,” he replied, adding, “This is their press release.”41．Which of the following is the message that this passage is trying to convey？A．The severe social consequences of kids buying alcohol online.B．The hidden drawback of the American educational system.C．The influence of wide coverage of news media.D．The problems in statistic methodology in social survey.42．According to the author, what is wrong with the report about kids buying alcohol？A．It is unethical to offer cash awards to subjects of survey.B．The numbers in this report were falsified.C． The samples and statistic methods were not used logically.D．The study designers and survey conductors were bribed.43．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “extrapolate” in paragraph 8？A．Conduct. B． Infer. C．Deduct. D．Whittle.44．By saying “To justify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if theyknew a teen who had purchased alcohol online”, the author implies that ______.A．it is absurd to conduct a survey among teenagersB．the ways the wholesalers' group conducted surveys are statistically questionableC．this kinds of survey is preliminary, therefore undependableD．teenagers might not be honest since buying alcohol online is an indecent behavior45．Which of the following is more likely to be the source for problems in this survey？A．This survey is tilted in favor of local alcohol distributors, who have a conflict of interest with online sellers.B．The data collection and analysis are not scientific and logical.C．Subjects are not sampled in a right way and can not represent the whole American teenage population.D．The survey results are affected by gifts to subjects, which can be misleading.Passage FourI had visited the capital before although my friend Arthur had not, I first visited London as a student, reluctantly released from the bosom of a tearful mum, with a traveling trunk stuffed full of home-made fruit cakes and woolly vests. I was ill-prepared for the Spartan standards of the South. Through even the grimmest post-war days, as kids we had ploughed our way through corner cuts of beef and steamed puddings. So you can imagine my dismay when I arrived, that first day, atmy London digs to be faced with a plate of tuna-paste sandwiches and a thin slice of cake left curling under a tea-towel. And that was supposed to be Sunday lunch!When I eventually caught up with my extremely irritating landlady, I met with a vision of splendor more in keeping with the Royal Enclosure at the races than the area in which she lived. Festooned with jewels and furs and plastered with exclusive cosmetics, she was a walking advert for Bond Street.Now, we have a none too elegant but very apt phrase for this in the North of England, and it was the one my friend Arthur todescribe London after three days there: “All fur coat and nothing underneath.”Take our hotel. The reception area was plush and inviting, the lounge and diningroom poor enough to start Arthur speaking “properly”. Butjourney upstairs from one landing to the next, at the veneers of civilization fell away before your eyes. By the time we reached our room, all pretension to refinement and comfort had disappeared. The fur coat was off （back in the bands of the hire purchase company）, and what we were really expected to put up with for a small fortune a night was exposed in all its shameful nakedness. It was little more than a garret, a shabby affair with patched and peeling walls. There was a stained sink with pipes that grumbled and muttered all night long and an assortment of furnishings that would have disgraced Her Majesty's Prison Service. But the crowning glory was the view from the window. A peek behind the handsome facade of our fabled city, rank gardens choked with rubbish, all the debris of life piled against the back door. It was a good job the window didn't open, because from it all arose the unmistakable odor of the abyss.Arthur, whose mum still polishes her back step and disinfects her dustbin once a week, slumped on to the bed in a sudden fit of depression. “Never mind，” I said, drawing the curtains. “You can watch telly.” This was one of the hotel's luxuries, which in the newspaper ad had persuaded us we were going to spend the week in style. It turned out to be a yellowing plastic thing with a picture which rolled over and over like a floundering fish until you took your fist to it.But Arthur wasn't going to be consoled by any cheap technological gimmicks.He was sure his dad had forgotten to feed his pigeons and that his dogs were pining away for him. He grew horribly homesick. After a terrible night spent tossing and turning to a ceaseless cacophony of pipes and fire doors, traffic, drunks and low-flying aircraft, Arthur surfaced next day like a claustrophobic mole. London had got squarely on top of him. Seven million people had sat on him all night, breathed his air, generally fouled his living space, and come between him and that daily quota of privacy and peace which prevents us all from degenerating into mad axemen or reservoir poisoners.Arthur had to be got out of London for a while.46．When the writer first came to the capital ______.A．he had been very reluctant to leave his motherB． his mother had not wanted him to leave homeC．he had made no preparations for his journey southD．he had sent his possessions on ahead in a trunk47．The writer was surprised at what he received for Sunday lunch because ______.A． food had always been plentiful at homeB．he had been used to grimmer times at homeC．things had been difficult after the war up NorthD．beef had always been available from the butcher on the corner at home48．The landlady seemed to epitomize a phrase used in the North of England to indicate that things were ______.A．tender underneath the surface B． vulnerable to the outside worldC． more profound than they seemed D．beautiful but only superficially49．The room which the writer and his friend were to share ______.A． was more suited to housing prisoners than hotel guestsB．had a magnificent view from one of its windowsC．had a door which provided access to a rubbish tipD．was situated above some foul-smelling gardens50．The writer feels that in order to remain sane, one needs a certain amount of ______.A．physical exercise B．fresh airC．daily nourishment D． breathing space注意：以下各题的答案必须写在ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%)(略）Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)　Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through the center.21. The__________of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter22. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperousB. secretiveC. slackD. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment24. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary25. Some linguists believe that the__________age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A. optimisticB. optionalC. optimalD. oppressed26. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the__________of their cities.A. paradisesB. omissionsC. orchardsD. outskirts27. The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.A. presumedB. proposedC. presentedD. presided28. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB. overthrewC. overpassedD. overflew29. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes__________over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrentB. transientC. tensileD. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.A. winkB. withholdC. witherD. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscription35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. relayedD. reproached36. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a __________event.A. cholesterolB. charcoalC. catastrophicD. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes38. All the music instruments in the orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilizedB. chatteredC. chamberedD. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be__________.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated40. She made two copies of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationallyB. simultaneouslyC. strenuouslyD. simplyPartⅢ Reading Comprehension (40%)　Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush” device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.A. ground waterB. rainwaterC. drinking waterD. fresh water42. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?　A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.　B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries.C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform.D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.43. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrierB. a wire screenC. a first-flushD. a storage tank44. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insectsB. a fitted coverC. a first-flush deviceD. sunlight45. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank.B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage: Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to w a i t f o r t h i n g s , p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r f o o d , i s a v e r y i m p o r t a n t e l e m e n t i n u p b r i n g i n g , a n d i s a c h i e v e d s u c c e s s f u l l y o n l y i f t o o g r e a t d e m a n d s a r e n o t m a d e b e f o r e t h e c h i l d c a n u n d e r s t a n d t h e m . E v e r y p a r e n t w a t c h e s e a g e r l y t h e c h i l d ' s a c q u i s i t i o n o f e a c h n e w s k i l l t h e f i r s t s p o k e n w o r d s , t h e f i r s t i n d e p e n d e n t s t e p s , o r t h e b e g i n n i n g o f r e a d i n g a n d w r i t i n g . I t i s o f t e n t e m p t i n g t o h u r r y t h e c h i l d b e y o n d h i s n a t u r a l l e a r n i n g r a t e , b u t t h i s c a n s e t u p d a n g e r o u s f e e l i n g o f f a i l u r e a n d s t a t e s o f a n x i e t y i n t h e c h i l d . T h i s m i g h t h a p p e n a t a n y s t a g e . A b a b y m i g h t b e f o r c e d t o u s e a t o i l e t t o o e a r l y , a y o u n g c h i l d m i g h t b e e n c o u r a g e d t o l e a r n t o r e a d b e f o r e h e k n o w s t h e m e a n i n g o f t h e w o r d s h e r e a d s . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h o u g h , i f a c h i l d i s l e f t a l o n e t o o m u c h , o r w i t h o u t a n y l e a r n i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s , h e l o s e s h i s n a t u r a l z e s t f o r l i f e a n d h i s d e s i r e t o f i n d o u t n e w t h i n g s f o r h i m s e l f . L e a r n i n g t o g e t h e r i s a f r u i t s o u r c e o f r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n c h i l d r e n a n d p a r e n t s . B y p l a y i n g t o g e t h e r , p a r e n t s l e a r n m o r e a b o u t t h e i r c h i l d r e n a n d c h i l d r e n l e a r n m o r e f r o m t h e i r p a r e n t s . T o y s a n d g a m e s w h i c h b o t h p a r e n t s a n d c h i l d r e n c a n s h a r e a r e a n i m p o r t a n t m e a n s o f a c h i e v i n g t h i s c o - o p e r a t i o n . B u i l d i n g - b l o c k t o y s , j i g s a w p u z z l e s a n d c r o s s w o r d a r e g o o d e x a m p l e s . P a r e n t s v a r y g r e a t l y i n t h e i r d e g r e e o f s t r i c t n e s s o r i n d u l g e n c e t o w a r d s t h e i r c h i l d r e n . S o m e m a y b e e s p e c i a l l y s t r i c t i n m o n e y m a t t e r s , o t h e r s a r e s e v e r e o v e r t i m e s o f c o m i n g h o m e a t n i g h t , p u n c t u a l i t y f o r m e a l s o r p e r s o n a l c l e a n l i n e s s . I n g e n e r a l , t h e c o n t r o l s i m p o s e d r e p r e s e n t t h e n e e d s o f t h e p a r e n t s a n d t h e v a l u e s o f t h e c o m m u n i t y a s m u c h a s t h e c h i l d ' s o w n h a p p i n e s s a n d w e l l - b e i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 8 " > 4 6 . T h e p r i n c i p l e u n d e r l y i n g a l l t r e a t m e n t o f d e v e l o p m e n t a l d i f f i c u l t i e s i n c h i l d r e n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 0 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 9 " > A . i s t o s e n d t h e m t o c l i n i c s B . o f f e r s r e c a p t u r e o f e a r l i e r e x p e r i e n c e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 0 " > C . i s i n t h e p r o v i s i o n o f c l o c k w o r k t o y s a n d t r a i n s D . i s t o c a p t u r e t h e m b e f o r e t h e y a r e s u f f i c i e n t l y e x p e r i e n c e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 1 " > 4 7 . T h e c h i l d i n t h e n u r s e r y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 2 " > A . q u i c k l y l e a r n s t o w a i t f o r f o o d B . d o e s n ' t i n i t i a l l y s l e e p a n d w a k e a t r e g u l a r i n t e r v a l s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 3 " > C . a l w a y s a c c e p t s t h e r h y t h m o f t h e w o r l d a r o u n d t h e m D . a l w a y s f e e l s t h e w o r l d a r o u n d h i m i s w a r m a n d f r i e n d l y / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 4 " > 4 8 . T h e e n c o u r a g e m e n t o f c h i l d r e n t o a c h i e v e n e w s k i l l s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 5 " > A . c a n n e v e r b e t a k e n t o o f a r B . s h o u l d b e l e f t t o s c h o o l t e a c h e r s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 6 " > C . w i l l a l w a y s a s s i s t t h e i r d e v e l o p m e n t D . s h o u l d b e b a l a n c e d b e t w e e n t w o e x t r e m e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 7 " > 4 9 . J i g s a w p u z z l e s a r e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 8 " > A . t o o d i f f i c u l t f o r c h i l d r e n B . a k i n d o f b u i l d i n g - b l o c k t o y / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 9 " > C . n o t v e r y e n t e r t a i n i n g f o r a d u l t s D . s u i t a b l e e x e r c i s e s f o r p a r e n t - c h i l d c o o p e r a t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > 5 0 . P a r e n t a l c o n t r o l s a n d d i s c i p l i n e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 1 " > A . s e r v e a d u a l p u r p o s e B . s h o u l d b e a v o i d e d a s m u c h a s p o s s i b l e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 2 " > C . r e f l e c t t h e v a l u e s o f t h e c o m m u n i t y D . a r e d e s i g n e d t o p r o m o t e t h e c h i l d ' s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > h a p p i n e s s Q u e s t i o n s 5 1 t o 5 5 a r e b a s e d o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a s s a g e : / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > 0 0 M o r e t h a n h a l f o f a l l J e w s m a r r i e d i n U . S . s i n c e 1 9 9 0 h a v e w e d p e o p l e w h o a r e n ' t J e w i s h . N e a r l y 4 8 0 , 0 0 0 A m e r i c a n c h i l d r e n u n d e r t h e a g e o f t e n h a v e o n e J e w i s h a n d o n e n o n - J e w i s h p a r e n t . A n d , i f a s u r v e y c o m p i l e d b y r e s e a r c h e r s a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a a t L o s A n g e l e s i s a n y i n d i c a t i o n , i t ' s a l m o s t c e r t a i n t h a t m o s t o f t h e s e c h i l d r e n w i l l n o t i d e n t i f y t h e m s e l v e s a s J e w i s h w h e n t h e y g e t o l d e r . T h a t s u r v e y a s k e d c o l l e g e f r e s h m e n , w h o a r e u s u a l l y a r o u n d a g e 1 8 , a b o u t t h e i r o w n a n d t h e i r p a r e n t s ' r e l i g i o u s i d e n t i t i e s . N i n e t y - t h r e e p e r c e n t o f t h o s e w i t h t w o J e w i s h p a r e n t s s a i d t h e y t h o u g h t o f t h e m s e l v e s a s J e w i s h . B u t w h e n t h e f a t h e r w a s n ' t J e w i s h , t h e n u m b e r d r o p p e d t o 3 8 p e r c e n t , a n d w h e n t h e m o t h e r w a s n ' t J e w , j u s t 1 5 p e r c e n t o f t h e s t u d e n t s s a i d t h e y w e r e J e w i s h , t o o . I t h i n k w h a t w a s s u r p r i s i n g w a s j u s t h o w l o w t h e J e w i s h i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w a s i n t h e s e m i x e d m a r r i a g e f a m i l i e s . L i n d a S a x i s a p r o f e s s o r o f e d u c a t i o n a t U C L A . S h e d i r e c t e d t h e s u r v e y w h i c h w a s c o n d u c t e d o v e r t h e c o u r s e o f m o r e t h a n a d e c a d e a n d w a s n ' t a c t u a l l y a b o u t r e l i g i o u s i d e n t i t y s p e c i f i c a l l y . B u t P r o f e s s o r S a x s a y s t h e a n s w e r s t o q u e s t i o n s a b o u t r e l i g i o n w e r e p a r t i c u l a r l y s t r i k i n g , a n d d e s e r v e a m o r e d e t a i l e d s t u d y . S h e s a y s i t ' s o b v i o u s t h a t i n t e r f a i t h m a r r i a g e w o r k s a g a i n s t t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f J e w i s h i d e n t i t y a m o n g c h i l d r e n , b u t s a y s i t ' s n o t c l e a r a t t h i s p o i n t w h y t h a t ' s t h e c a s e . T h i s n e w s t u d y i s n e c e s s a r y t o g e t m o r e i n - d e p t h a b o u t t h e i r f e e l i n g s a b o u t t h e i r r e l i g i o n . T h a t ' s s o m e t h i n g t h a t t h e s t u d y t h a t I co m p l e t e d w a s n o t a b l e t o d o . W e d i d n ' t h a v e i n f o r m a t i o n o n h o w t h e y f e e l a b o u t t h e i r r e l i g i o n , w h e t h e r t h e y h a v e a n y c o n c e r n a b o u t t h e i r i s s u e s o f i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , h o w c o m f o r t a b l e t h e y f e e l a b o u t t h e i r l i f e l o n g g o a l s . I t h i n k t h e n e w s t u d y ' s g o i n g t o c o v e r s o m e o f t h a t , s h e s a y s . J a y R u b i n i s e x e c u t i v e d i r e c t o r o f H i l e l , a n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n t h a t w o r k s w i t h J e w i s h c o l l e g e s t u d e n t s . M r . R u b i n s a y s J u d a i s m i s m o r e t h a n a r e l i g i o n , i t ' s a n e x p e r i e n c e . A n d w i t h t h a t i n m i n d , H i l l e l h a s c o m m i s s i o n e d a s t u d y o f J e w i s h a t t i t u d e s t o w a r d s J u d a i s m . R e s e a r c h e r s w i l l c o n c e n t r a t e p r i m a r i l y o n y o u n g a d u l t s , a n d t h o s e w i t h t w o J e w i s h p a r e n t s , a n d t h o s e w i t h j u s t o n e , t h o s e w h o s e e t h e m s e l v e s a s J e w i s h a n d t h o s e w h o d o n o t . J a y R u b i n s a y s H i l l e l w i l l t h e n u s e t h i s s t u d y t o f o r m u l a t e a s t r a t e g y f o r m a k i n g J u d a i s m m o r e r e l e v a n t t o t h e n e x t g e n e r a t i o n o f A m e r i c a n J e w s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 5 " > 5 1 . T h e b e s t t i t l e o f t h i s p a s s a g e i s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > A . J e w i s h a n d N o n - J e w i s h i n A m e r i c a n B . J e w i s h I d e n t i t y i n A m e r i c a / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 7 " > C . J u d a i s m - a R e l i g i o n ? D . C o l l e g e J e w i s h S t ud e n t s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " > 5 2 . A m o n g t h e f r e s h m e n a t U C L A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t h o u g h t t h e m s e l ve s a s J e w i s h . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 5 9 " > A . m o s t B . 9 3 % o f t h o s e w h o s e p a r e n t s w e r e b o t h J e w i s h / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 0 " > C . 6 2 % o f t h o s e o n l y w h o s e f a t h e r w e r e J e w i s h D . 1 5 % o f t h o s e o n l y w h o s e m o t h e r w e r e J e w i s h / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 1 " > 5 3 . T h e p h r a s e i n t e r f a i t h m a r r i ag e i n th e P a r a g r a p h 3 r e f e r s t o t h e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s fi d = " 1 6 2 " > A . m a r r i a g e o f p e o p l e b a s e d o n m u t u a l b e l i e f B . m a r r i a g e o f p e o p l e f o r t h e c o m m o n f a i t h / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > C . m a r r i a g e o f p e o p l e o f d i f f e r e n t r e l i g i o u s f a i t h s D . m a r r i a g e o f p e o p l e w h o h a v e f a i t h i n e a c h o t h e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 4 " > 5 4 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s N O T t r u e a b o u t p r o f e s s o r S a x ' s r e s e a r c h / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > A . T h e r e s e a r c h i n d i c a t e s t h a t m o s t s t u d e n t s w i t h o n l y o n e J e w i s h p a r e n t w i l l n o t t h i n k t h e m s e l v e s a s J e w i s h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > B . T h e s u r v e y w a s c a r r i e d o u t a m o n g J e w i s h F r e s h m e n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 7 " > C . T h e r e s e a r c h s u r v e y d i d n ' t f i n d o u t w h a t a n d h o w t h e s e J e w i s h s t u d e n t s t h i n k a b o u t t h e i r r e l i g i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 8 " > D . T h e r e s e a r c h p r e s e n t s a n e w p e r s p e c t i v e f o r t h e f u t u r e s t u d y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 5 5 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r u e a c c o r d i n g t o t h e l a s t p a r a g r a p h ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > A . M r . R u b i n i s t h e f o u n d e r o f H i l l e l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > B . M r . R u b i n t h i n k s t h a t J u d a i s m i s n o t a r e l i g i o n a n d i t ' s a n e x p e r i e n c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > C . H i l l e l i s a n o r g a n i z a t i o n c o n c e r n e d w i t h J e w i s h c o l l e g e s t u d e n t s i n t h e w o r l d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " > D . H i l l e l h a s a s k e d c e r t a i n p e o p l e t o c a r r y o u t a s t u d y a b o u t J e w i s h a t t i t u d e s t o w a r d s J u d a i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 4 " > Q u e s t i o n s 5 6 t o 6 0 a r e b a s e d o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a s s a g e : / p >。

复旦大学博士入学英语试题Part IV ocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions: Three are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰwith a single line through the center.1. Although it is only a small business, its _________ is surprisingly high.A. turn-upB. turn-overC. turn-aboutD. turn-out2. Unfortunately not all of us obtain our just _________ in this life.A. demandsB. gainsC. desertsD. wins3. That contract about which we had a disagreement last month, has now gone __________.A. throughB. downC. overD. around4. The _______ of two houses proved such a financial burden that they were forced to sell one.A. upsurgeB. upshotC. upturnD. upkeep5. _________ through the attic and see if you can find anything for the jumble sale.A. LeashB. RummageC. FlutterD. Scrape6. How about a glass of orange juice to________ your thirst.A. quashB. QuellC. QuenchD. quieten7. Because the children keep interrupting her whenever she reads a book, she is always ___________ her place.A. missingB. slippingC. botheringD. losing8. She was putting on her watch when the _________ broke and it fell to the ground.A. beltB. stringC. tieD. strap9. I washed this dress and the color_________.A. flowedB. escapedC. ranD. removed10. The recent economic crisis has brought about a _________ in world trade.A. sagB. tiltC. droopD. slump11. Although we decorated the room only six months ago, the paint on the ceiling is already _________ because of the damp.A. crumblingB. flakingC. disintegratingD. splintering12. The false banknotes fooled many people, but they did not _________ to close examination.A. put upB. keep upC. stand upD. look up13. They were making enough noise at the party to wake the ___________.A. deadB. livingC. lunaticD. crippled14. If you would like to send a donation, you can ________a cheque to the organization Feed the Children.A. make upB. make forC. make outD. make off15. The students visited the museum and spent several hours with the________, who was very helpful.A. curatorB. bursarC. commissionerD. steward16. The accused man was able to prove his innocence at the trial and was __________.A. absolvedB. acquittedC. pardonedD. executed17. Mary was extremely lucky: when her great-uncle died, she __________ a fortune.A. came byB. came overC. came intoD. came through18. The drunken couple did nothing to keep the flat clean and tidy and lived in the utmost __________.A. decayB. contaminationC. squalorD. confinement19. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but _________ slightly in the afternoon.A. recoveredB. recuperatedC. retrievedD. regained20. He tries to __________ himself with everyone by paying them compliments.A. pleaseB. ingratiateC. placateD. remunerate21. I was afraid to open the door lest the beggar _________ me.A. followedB. were to followC. followD. would follow22. By the end of the day the flood water which had covered most of the town had __________.A. reversedB. retiredC. returnedD. receded23. Educational policies made _________ the hoof by successive secretaries of state are the main reason for low teacher morale.A. inB. onC. byD. along24. It was obvious that he had been drinking far too much from the way he came_________ down the street.A. toddlingB. hobblingC. lopingD. staggering25. He was a generous friend but as a businessman he __________ a hard bargain.A. dealtB. contractedC. droveD. faked26. My friend’s son, who is a soldier, was delighted when he was __________ only a few miles from home.A. placedB. stationedC. deportedD. exorcized27. In a coal-mining area, the land tends to __________causing damage to roads and buildings.A. subsideB. diminishC. confiscateD. cede28. As the cat lay asleep, dreaming, whiskers __________.A. twitchedB. twistedC. jerkedD. jogged29. The total __________ from last month’s charity dance were far more than expected.A. earningsB. acquisitionsC. proceedsD. subsidies30. The new manager had many difficulties to overcome but he __________them all in his stride.A. overlookedB. obtainedC. tackledD. tookPart IIReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.Passage oneResale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how much to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies. This practice is associated with the sale of “branded” goods, which now form a very considerable proportion of consumers’ purchases, and it has led to a great deal of controversy.Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manufacturers, who try to create a special ‘image’ in the minds of possible purchasers—an image made up of the look of the article, its use, its price, and everything else which might lead purchasers to ask for that brand rather than any other. If a retailer is allowed to charge any price he likes he may find it worthwhile to sell one brand at ‘cut’ prices even though this involves a loss, because he hopes to attract customers to the shop, where they may be persuaded to buy many other types of goods at higher prices. The manufacturer of the brand that has been ‘cut’ fears that the retailer may be tempted to reduce the services on this article; but, even if he does not there is a danger that the customer becomes unsettled, and is unwilling to pay the ‘standard’ price of the article because he feels that he is being ‘done’. This may, and indeed often does, affect the reputation of the manufacturer and lose him his market in the long run.It is sometimes said also that the housewife—who is the principal buyer of most of these goods—prefers a fixed price because she knows where she is and is saved the bother of goingfrom shop to shop in search of lower prices. If one shop cut all the prices of its branded goods she would undoubtedly have an advantage in shopping there. But this does not happen. A store usually lowers the price of one or two of its articles which act as a decoy and makes up its losses on others, and changes the cut-price articles from week to week so as to attract different groups of customers. And so the housewife may feel rather guilty if she does not spend time tracking down the cheaper goods. How far this is true is a matter of temperament and it is impossible to estimate what proportion of purchasers prefer a price that they can rely on wherever they choose to buy and what proportion enjoy the challenge involved in finding the store that offers them a bargain.Those who oppose Resale Price Maintenance on the other hand, point out that there are now a great many different channels of distribution—chain stores, department stores, co-operative stores, independent or unit shops, supermarkets, mail-order houses, and so on. It would be absurd to assume that all of them have exactly the same costs to meet in stocking and selling their goods, so why should they all sell at the same price? If they were allowed to choose for themselves, the more efficient retailers would sell at lower prices and consumers would benefit. As it is, the retail price must be sufficient to cover the costs of the less efficient avenues of distribution and this means the others make a bigger profit than necessary at the expense of the public. The supporters of the fixed price argue that this is only half the story. Theefficient trader can still compete without lowering his prices. He can offer better service—long credit, or quick delivery or a pleasant shop decor or helpful assistants—and can do this without imperiling the long-term interests of the manufacturer.31. Manufactures oppose retailers cutting prices on their goods mainly because they think __________.A. retailers may eventually stop selling their productsB. it may reduce customers’ confidence in their productsC. customers may feel uneasy when prices varyD. it may sometimes lead to poor service32 Supporters of the fixed price hold that an efficient trader can still make money without lowering prices by __________.A. allowing customers time to payB. hiring assistants for long hours and low wagesC. advertising much more effectivelyD. establishing long-term relations with manufactures33. By saying “He feels that he is being ‘done’”, the author means that customer thinks__________.A. someone is despising himB. someone is maltreating himC. someone is blackmailing himD. someone is cheating him34. “Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. Good service other than price is important in attracting customers.B. An article without a brand name is not subject to Resale Price Maintenance.C. Manufactures attempt to influence possible purchasers by making their products easy to identify.D. Housewives prefer fixed prices because fixed prices are much less likely to fluctuate35. The sentence “She knows where she is” in the third paragraph can be paraphrased as “__________”.A. She knows her placeB. She knows her stuffC. She feels secureD. She feels intoxicatedPassage twoHe built a hut on a piece of rough land near a rock fall. In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen. The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside. In time Melio (not without some terrible mistakes) learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf.His only neighbors were a family group of Parakana Indians who, for reasons known only to themselves, took a liking to Melio. Their Chief never looked closely at Melioand said to himself that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail. The parakanas taught Melio to catch fish with the help of a wild plant which made them senseless in the stream. It gave off a powerful drug when shaken violently through the water. They showed him how to bunt by laying traps and digging. In time Melio’s piece of land became a regular farm. He had wild birds, fat long-legged ones and thin nearly featherless chickens, and his corn and salted fish was enough to keep him stocked up through the wet season.The Parakanas were always around him. He’d never admit it but he could feel that the trees were like the bars of a prison; they were watching him. It was as if he was there by courtesy of the Chief. When they came to him, the Indians never entered his house, with its steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leaves. They had a delicate way of behaving. They showed themselves by standing in the shade of the trees at the clearing’s edge. He was expected to cross the chicken strip towards them. Then they had a curious but charming habit of taking a pace back from him, just one odd step backwards into their green corridors. Melio never could persuade them to come any closer.The group guessed at Melio’s hatred for his civilized brothers in the towns far away. They knew Melio would never invite any more white men up here. This pleased the Parakanas. It meant that traders looking for robber and jewels would never reach them. Their Melio would see to that. They were safe with this man and his hatred.36. It is known from the passage that Melio wanted the forest around him to become thick because the dense leaves __________.A. reminded him of his house in the town far awayB. prevented the Parakanas from watching himC. helped him to forget the world he hatedD. protected him from being intruded by the white men in the town37. The Chief’s comparison of Melio to a snake is intended to show that __________.A. he did not trust MelioB. it was unwise to go too close to MelioC. he believed Melio hated the ParakanasD. he thought Melio was out of his mind38. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Melio stayed on his farm for a number of years.B. Melio felt like a prisoner because he couldn’t escape being watched.C. Melio kept himself alive, during the rainy season by eating what he had in store.D. The Parakanas thought Melio lived there because he was looking for rubber and jewels.39. To Melio, the Parakana Indians seemed __________.A. odd but hatefulB. strange but attractiveC. unhealthy but friendlyD. cowardly but sociable40. It can be concluded from the passage that the place described by the author was __________.A. far removed from civilizationB. impossible to cultivateC. the home of Melio’s Indian relativesD. wet all the year roundPassage threeWhen he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay but past the stretch of rock that was between it and the seashore, he floated on the warm surface and looked for his mother. There she was, a little yellow dot under an umbrella that looked like a piece of orange-skin. He swam back to shore, relieved at being sure she was there, but all at once very lonely.On the other side of the bay was a loose scattering of rocks. Above them, some boys were stripping off their clothes. They came running, their bodies bare, down to the rocks. Jerry swam towards them, and kept his distance a little way off. They were off that coast, all of them burned smooth dark brown, and speaking a language he did not understand. To be with them, of them, was a feeling that filled his whole body. He swam a little closer; they turned and watched him with narrowed, attentive dark eyes. Then one smiled and waved. It was enough. In a minute he had swum in and was on the rocks beside them, smiling with extreme nervousness. They shouted cheerful greetings at him, and then, as he preserved his nervous, puzzled smile, they understood that he was a foreigner who had wandered from his own part of the sands, and they promptly forgot him. But he was happy. He was with them.They began diving again and again from a high point into a well of blue sea between rough, pointed rocks. After they had dived and come up, they swam round, pulled themselves up, and waited their turn to dive again. They were big boys-men to Jerry. He dived, and they watched him, and when he swam round to take his place, they made way for him. He felt he was accepted and he dived again carefully proud of himself.Soon the biggest of the boys balanced himself, shot down into the water, and did not come up. The others stood about watching. Jerry, after waiting for the smooth brown head to appear, let out a cry of warning; they looked at him idly and turned their eyes back towards the water. After a long time, the boy came up on the other side of a big dark rock, letting the air escape suddenly from his lungs with much coughing and spitting, and giving a shout of satisfaction, immediately, the rest of them dived in. One moment the morning seemed full of boys as noisy as a crowd of monkeys; the next, the air and the surface of the water were empty. But through the heavy blue, dark shapes could be seen moving and searching.Jerry dived, shot past the school of underwater swimmers, saw a black wall of rocktowering over him, touched it, and shop up at once to the surface, where the rock formed a low wall he could see across. There was no one in sight; under him, in the water, the shadowy shapes of the swimmers had disappeared. Then one and then another of the boys came up on the far side of the wall of rock, and he understood that they had swum through some gap or hole in it. He dived down again. He could see nothing through the stinging salt water but the solid rock. When he came up, the boys were all on the diving rock, preparing to attempt the trick again. And now, overcome with a sense of failure, he shouted up in English: “Look at me! Look!” and he began splashing and kicking in the water like a foolish dog.41. It can be concluded from the passage that __________.A. Jerry was not a good swimmerB. Jerry failed to gain acceptance by the other boysC. Jerry was on holiday abroadD. Jerry was not on good terms with his mother42. The word “bare” in Paragraph 2 means__________.A. in disguiseC. in the gutterB. in the limelightD. in the raw43. At the beginning, Jerry was swimming__________.A. into the little bayB. too far out to see his motherC. near to the group of boysD. further out to see than the rock44. What happened to the biggest boy?A. He had been trying to stay under water as long as possible.B. He had swum through a hole in the rock under the water.C. He had been trying to do the highest dive.D. He had played a trick on Jerry.45. Jerry splashed and kicked in the water because_________.A. he was pretending to be drowningB. he wanted to amuse all the other boysC. he hadn’t been able to do what the other boys had doneD. he wanted the other boys to listen to what he was sayingPassage fourPeter Sellers wouldn’t be allowed his career today. All those funny racial stereotypes—the caricatured frogs, wops, yids and goodness-gracious-me Pakis—are in clear breach of the codes of political correctness.His lewd disguises and overdone accents belong with black-and-white minstrel shows and clog-dancing—it’s the comedy of yesteryear.Have you tried listening to The Goon Show lately? It is a reworking of The Gang Show, excruciatingly bad and dated, and full of explosions, gunfire and jokes about Hitler and the War.Nonetheless, Sellers continue to obsess people. He’s already been the subject of biographies galore, including, back in 1994, a 1,200-page magnum opus by myself, which is now being turned into a biopic starring Geoffrey Rush.The appeal lies in the mythic dimensions of Sellers’ story. He had everything and it wasn’t enough. He was a comedian with a tragic inability to enjoy life. He was world-famous and desperately lonely. At the weight of his fame, as Inspector Clouseau, his eccentricity tipped over the edge into genuine insanity. He was a basket case.This is irresistible material. Sellers’ subversive and immoderate behaviour puts him in a class of his own. Picture my disappointment with Ed Sikov’s tome, therefore. Here’s a thick book that tells us nothing new.For newcomers to Sellers, however, Mr. Strangelove is a perfect digest of the man’s life and work, briskly told. Sellers was descended from a family of bare-knuckle East End prize-fighters, although his parents were music hall entertainers. His clinging whining mother, Peg, was a quick-change artiste and his father, Bill, was a ukulele player and soft-shoe-shuffle merchant.The young Peter was raised in the ghostly, twilight world of shabby theatres and end-of-the-pier revues: dog acts, acrobatic midgets, incompetent conjurors and gypsy violinists. To go from these origins and become as big as The Beatles, as he was in the Sixties, is an amazing feat.Sellers spent the Second World War in the Air Force, impersonating officers and playing the drums to entertain the troops. When he was demobbed he worked in holiday camps and began getting spots on radio, culminating in The Goon Show. He dubbed the voices of Churchill and Humphrey Bogart on film soundtracks, and it was while hanging about the studios that he was offered walk-on roles.His breakthrough came with the part of a teddy boy in The Ladykillers, a film that improves with each viewing. This led to the role of Fred Kite, the shaven-headed, belligerent shop steward in I’m All Right, Jack which won him a British Academy Best Actor statuette. When Peter Ustinov dropped out of The Pink Panther on a Friday, Sellers flew to the set in Rome on Monday to replace him. The rest is history.Or notoriety. Sellers’ descent into madness was swift. He got rid of his wife and children and chased after Britt Ekland, whom he pounced on in The Dorchester and married ten days later. He took drugs to enhance his potency, and this precipitated a heart attack. Having worked on Dr Strangelove during the day, each evening he locked himself in the bathroom and threatened to commit suicide. Bryan Forbes and Nanette Newman had to come over and talk to him trough the door. He then decided he wanted to marry Nanette. He also wanted to marry Sophia Loren, PrincessMargaret and Liza Minnelli.His misbehavior and unprofessionalism cost film studios millions of dollars. Sets had to be repainted and costumes remade if they were purple or green-colors of which he was morbidly superstitious.He enjoyed messing about during filming and blowing his lines; he pulled guns on people. He walked off Casino Royale and was discovered in Britt Ekland’s mother’s house in Sweden. Meanwhile, Orson Welles and the rest of the cast were in full make-up and on full pay back at Pinewood, waiting for him to reappear.Sellers was happy only in the company of his gadgets, cameras and fast cars, which he’d replace or abandon with manic frequency. At one of his weddings, the maids of honor were the bride’s dogs. He was also selfish in the extreme: when his relationships broke up, he’d send his henchmen round to retrieve his gifts.46. People are still obsessed with Peter Sellers because___________.A. he was a geniusB. he was as big as The BeatlesC. his life was full of drama and contradictionD. he led a very austere life47. By saying “He was a basket case”, the author means that Peter Sellers was___________.A. handicappedB. derangedC. impetuousD. callous48. According to the passage, Peter Sellers took drugs to improve___________.A. his theatrical performanceB. his breathtaking performanceC. his walk-on roles on the stageD. his performance sexually49. The “galore” in paragraph 4 means ___________.A. numerousB. anecdotalC. criticalD. unauthorized50. Peter Sellers can be described as__________.A. unpredictable but generousB. talented but unstableC. sane but selfishD. eccentric but reliablePaper TwoPart ⅢCloze (10%)Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.One of the major differences between man and his closest living relative is, of course, that the chimpanzee has not developed the power of speech. Even the most intensive efforts to teach young chimps to talk have met with51no success. Verbal language represents a truly gigantic step forward in man’s52.Chimpanzees do have a wide range of calls, and these certainly serve to convey some types of information. When a chimp finds good food he utters loud barks; other chimps53the vicinity instantly become aware of the food source and hurry to join in. An attacked chimpanzee screams and this may alert his mother or a friend, either of54may hurry to his aid. A chimpanzee confronted with an alarming and potentially dangerous situation utters his spine-chilling wraaaa-again, other chimps may hurry to the spot to see what is happening. A male chimpanzee, about to enter a valley or charge toward a food source, utters his pant-hoots and other individuals realize that another member of the group is arriving and can identify55one. To our human56each chimpanzee is characterized more by his pant-hoots than by any other type of call. This is significant since the pant-hoot in particular is the call that serves tomaintain contact, between the separated groups of the community. Yet the chimps57can certainly recognize individuals by other calls; for instance a mother knows the scream of her offspring. Probably a chimpanzee can recognize the calls of most of his acquaintances.While chimpanzee calls58serve to convey basic information about some situations and individuals, they cannot for the most part be compared59a spoken language. Man by means of words can communicate abstract ideas; he can benefit from the experiences of others60having to be present at the time; he can make intelligent cooperative plans.Part ⅣTranslation (20%)Directions: Put the following passage into English.人类是一个不断的自然的进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的过程自45亿年前地球形成以来一直未曾间断过。

博士生入学考试英语模拟试题集Doctoral Entrance Examination English Mock Test Collection。

Introduction:The Doctoral Entrance Examination is a crucial step for aspiring students seeking admission to doctoral programs. The English section of the examination tests the candidates' language proficiency and comprehension skills. To help students prepare for this challenging test, we have compiled a collection of mock test questions that cover various aspects of the English language. This article aims to provide an overview of the mock test questions and offer guidance on how to approach them effectively.Section 1: Reading Comprehension。

The reading comprehension section evaluates the candidates' ability to understand and analyze written texts. It consists of passages followed by multiple-choice questions. The passages cover a wide range of topics, including humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. It is essential for candidates to carefully read the passages and pay attention to details, main ideas, and supporting evidence. They should also practice time management to ensure sufficient time for all the questions.Section 2: Vocabulary and Grammar。