国际音标发音规则大全
一、26个英文字母及发音音标如下:
A a [ei]
B b [bi:]
C c [si:]
D d [di:]
E e [i:]
F f [ef]
G g [d?i:]
H h [eit?]
I i [ai] J j [d?ei] K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [?? ] P p [pi:]
Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′d?b?lju:]
X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:] / [zed]
二、以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [ei] [eit?] [d?ei] [kei]
2) 含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d?i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3) 含元音音素[e]
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4) 含元音字母Uu或元音音素[u:]
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [′d?b?lju:]
5) 含元音音素[ai]
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [ai] [wai]
6) Don’t forget Oo /??/ and Rr/ɑ:/
三、区别元音字母Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu与元音二十个音素。
不定冠词a放在辅音开头的词前;an放在元音开头的词前。大多数元音字母开头的词,一般发元音,但有些就不是,如字母Uu, 单词useful, university, European 等。一般辅音字母开头的词发辅音,但有些就不是,如hour, honest这两个单词中h都不发音。如:1) an Aa / Ee / Ii / Oo, an Ll / Ss / Xx / Rr
an orange/apple/egg/ English teacher/ eraser / ID card/ 11-year-old boy;
an hour [′a??] 一小时,an honest man一个诚实的人(这儿的h不发音)
an 8-year-old boy 一位八岁的男孩an egg an eraser
2) a Uu/ Bb / Pp a useful [′jU:sful]book一本有用的书(这儿u第一个音发/ j/)
a university[ju::n?′v?:s?t?] 一座大学a European[′ju:r?p??n] man 一位欧州人如:There is an “r” and a “u”in the word “ruler”.
He is an English teacher. He’ll be back in half an hour.
I eat an apple and a pear every day.
四、英语国际音标表(48个)
元音(20个)单元音(12个)
长元音[i:][][][u:][a:]
短元音[i][][][u][][e][]双元音(8个)[ai][ei][i][i][][u][][au]
辅音10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][][ ∫ ][][tr][ts]
五、国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系
从音标到字母和字母组合
1、单元音: [i:]: ⑴e:he she me we these Chinese Japanese
⑵ea:tea eat meat sea
⑶ee:see tree meet green teen ⑷ei:receive ⑸ey:key
⑹i:police policeman policewoman machine ⑺eo:people
⑻ie:piece field believe thief [?]: ⑴a:orange cabbage
⑵ay:Sunday holiday
⑶e:begin English pretty cinema ⑷ey:monkey volleyball ⑸i:it is in big this ⑹y:city very sorry ⑺u:busy
⑻ui:build building
(28个) (20
个)
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [] [ ] [ d ?] [dr] [dz]
鼻音(3个) [m] [n] [] 似拼音(3个) [h] [r] [l]
半元音(2个) [w]
[j]
前元音 /i:/ /?/ /e/ /?/ 后元音 /ɑ:/ /?/ /?:/ /?/ /U:/ 中元音 / ?/ /?:/ /?/ 双元音 /e ?/ /a ?/ /??/ /??/ /a ?/ /??/ /e ?/ /??/ 爆破音 /p/ /b/ / t/ /d/ / k/ /g/ 摩擦音 /f/ /v/ /θ/ /e/ /s/ /z/ /?/ /?/ / r/ / h/ 破擦音 /ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ /t ?/ /d ?/ 鼻辅音 /m/ /n/ /?/ 舌侧音 / ?/ 半元音
/ j/
/ w/
⑼ai:captain mountain certainly
[e]: ⑴a:any many anyone anything anybody anywhere
⑵ai:said paid
⑶ay:says
⑷e:pen bed yes egg desk
⑸ea:bread head breakfast
⑹u:bury
[?]:a:bag am and at sad happy handsome
[ɑ:]:⑴a:class banana father after
⑵al:half palm calm
⑶ar:car far park arm star party
⑷au:aunt laugh
⑸ear:heart
[? ]: ⑴o: come none love other mother another some money honey
⑵oo:blood flood
⑶ou:touch country enough young
⑷u:bus sun but cut up us mutton
[?:]:⑴ear:learn earth early heard
⑵er:her term
⑶ir:first girl bird skirt sir third
⑷or在/ w/后:work word world worse worst
⑸ur:nurse turn hurt Thursday
⑹yr:myrtle
⑺our:journalist journal
[?]:⑴a:along about banana Canada China
⑵e:student open children different differently
⑶i:holiday April
⑷o:today welcome police
⑸u:minus autumn
⑹er:father mother brother sister player singer winner meter
⑺or:doctor forget mirror color visitor actor
⑻ar:sugar grammar
⑼re:metre tired fire
⑽ou:delicious previous
⑾ur:surprise Saturday
⑿our:colour
⒀ure:picture pleasure nature future temperature
⒁oar:cupboard
⒂yr:martyr satyr
[u:]:⑴ew:flew grew review blew threw
⑵o:do to who whose whom
⑶oo:too zoo food pool boot school
⑷ou:soup group through
⑸u:blue glue June
⑹ui:fruit juice
⑺oe:shoe
[?]:⑴o:woman wolf
⑵oo:book look good foot
⑶oul:could would should
⑷u:put sugar full push
[?]:⑴([w])a:want wash watch what
⑵o:hot on not sorry dog
⑶ou:cough
⑷au:Australia
[?:]:⑴(w)a:water
⑵al:all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall walk
⑶([w])ar:warm quarter war
⑷au:August autumn daughter caught taught
⑸aw:draw saw law
⑹oor:door floor
⑺ore:more before
⑻or:or for short sport
⑼ou:bought brought thought fought
⑽our:four your
⑾awe:awe awed aweless
⑿oar:board blackboard cupboard keyboard
⒀o:story
2、双元音:
[a?]:⑴i:time like nice fine five write
⑵y:my by why
⑶i(g):sign high light right
⑷ie:die lie tie
(5)ei: height
[e?]:⑴a:name cake game face place
⑵ai:rain train wait straight
⑶ay: day may okay play today yesterday
⑷ei:veil vein
⑸ei(gh):eight eighteen eighty
⑹ey:they
⑺ea:great break
[??]:⑴e:zero cereal serious
⑵ea:real really idea cereal
⑶ere:here
⑷ear:ear dear hear near clear
⑸eer:beer deer pioneer
[??]:⑴o:go no nose home
⑵ow:show know yellow window
⑶oa:goat boat coat
⑷ou:shoulder though although
⑸oe:woe
[??]:⑴ure:sure
⑵oor:poor
⑶our:tour tourist
[a?]:⑴ou:out about house blouse mouse mouth
⑵ow:how now cow bow
[e?]:⑴air:air hair chair fair unfair
⑵are:care hare parent careful carefully
⑶ear:pear wear bear
⑷ere:there where
⑸eir:their theirs
⑹a:Mary
[??]:⑴oi:oil toilet boil soil join
⑵oy:boy toy employee
3、辅音:
清浊成对辅音:
[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[e] [?]-[?] [ts]-[dz] [t?]-[d?] [tr]-[dr] 清音浊化:清辅音[p] [t] [k] [tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不送气音,即发其浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [dr],但音标仍写成清辅音。如:sport[sp?:t],student[′stju:d?nt],sky[ska?], street[stri:t]。但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读请辅音,不读相对的浊辅音。如:hostess[′h??st?s]。
[p]:⑴p:pen map help cheap pencil paper
⑵pp:apple happy appear
[b]:⑴b:bag by bed boy bus blue
⑵bb:rabbit cabbage
[t]:⑴t:ten time not get table
⑵tt:bottle bottom little pretty
⑶ed:watched washed cooked helped danced dressed laughed
[d]:⑴d:desk door day dog
⑵dd:add daddy middle
⑶ed:played cleaned climbed answered arrived called studied emptied enjoyed cried [k]:⑴c:cat come cut clock cry picture bloc
⑵cc: occasion according occupy acclaim
⑶ch:school Christmas chemistry technology stomach
⑷k:book bike cake kite Kate look
⑸ck:black duck clock jacket cock
⑹q:Iraq coq
⑺que:unique technique
[g]:⑴g:go girl big get
⑵gg:egg bigger biggest
⑶gu:guess guest
⑷gue:dialogue
⑸gh:ghyll ghost
[f]:⑴f:five fish fine family fifteen
⑵ph:photo phone elephant photograph physics
⑶gh:laugh enough
⑷ff:off coffee
[v]:⑴v:very five have
⑵f:of
[s]:⑴c:nice city cycle bicycle
⑵s:sit six some bus use us desk books
⑶ss:miss class glass grass
⑷sc:science scientist scene
⑸ps:psalm psywar
[z]:⑴s:is his please music lose husband apples
⑵es:leaves thieves knives wives cities countries
⑶z:zoo zero
⑷zz:buzz
[θ]:th:three thank month thin math
[e]:⑴th:this the with than clothes clothing
⑵the:breathe soythe
[?]:⑴sh:she shoe short shop wash
⑵s:sure Asia
⑶c: special sufficient delicious
⑷t:station national patient collection
⑸ss:Russia profession
⑹ch:machine
[?]:⑴s:usually television pleasure
⑵z:seizure
⑶ge:garage
[ts]:⑴ts:shirts hurts coats costs goats its
⑵t’s:Let’s it’s that’s what’s
⑶tes:kites gates dates
⑷zz:pizza
[dz]:⑴ds:beds birds hands friends
⑵des:decides
[t?]:⑴ch:chair much lunch China
⑵tch:watch catch match
⑶t: picture question future natural nature [d?]:⑴g(e):age page huge orange
⑵g:gentle gentleman general
⑶dge:bridge porridge judge
⑷j:jump jacket just June Jim July
⑸ch:sandwich
[tr]:tr:tree trip try true truth truly
[dr]:dr:dress drive hundred children
4、单个辅音:
[h]:⑴h:he her have hand head hair
⑵(w)h:who whom whose whole
[l]:⑴l:let look please lake people until
⑵ll:tell full till bell
⑶(t)l(e):whistle
[r]:⑴r:red right three
⑵rr:sorry worry hurry carry carrot
⑶(w)r:write wrong
[m]:⑴m:man meat meet time
⑵mm:common communicate
⑶m(b):climb lamb
⑷m(n):autumn
[n]:⑴n:name nice nine near under
⑵(k)n:know knife
⑶nn:Ann
⑷(m)n:mnemonics
[?]:⑴ng:sing long young morning
⑵n(k):thank think ink pink
⑶n(g):English
[w]:⑴w:we window work walk
⑵w(h):what why where white when
[j]:⑴y:yes you year yellow
⑵j:Jensen ja hallelujah jaap
⑶i:onion review million billion brilliant behavior
⑷e:Europe European
五、国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系
从字母和字母组合到音标
Ⅰ.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音
a在重读开音节中读[e?]:name cake game face
a在重读闭音节中读[?]:bag am and at sad
a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,p,h前读[ɑ:]:class fast grasp ask father after dance graph a在[w]后读[?]或[?:]:want what water[′w?:t?]
a在ny前读[e]:any many
a弱读时读[?]:along about banana Canada China
a在非重读音节中读[?]:orange cabbage
a读[e?]:Mary
ai读[e?]:rain train wait
ai读[?]:captain
ai读[e]:said
ay读[e?]:day may okay play today
ay弱读读[?]:Sunday holiday
ay读[e]:says
air读[e?]:air hair chair
al在多数辅音字母前读[?:](f,m除外):all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall al还读[?:l](特别当后面不是k,f,m时):also salt
al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]:half palm
ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]::car far park arm star
ar在[w]后读[?:]:warm quarter
ar弱读读[?]:sugar
are读[e?]:care hare parent
ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]:class glass grass pass
au在重读音节中读[?:]:August autumn daughter
au读[?]:Australia
au还读作[ɑ:]:aunt laugh
aw在重读音节中读[?:]:draw saw law
awe读[?:]:awe awed aweless
Ⅱ. 元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音
e在重读开音节中读[i:]:he she me we
e在重读闭音节中读[e]:pen bed yes egg desk
e在非重读音节中读[?]:begin English pretty cinema
e弱读读[?]:student open children different
e读[??]:zero hero serious
e读[j]:Europe
ea在重读音节中读[i:]:tea eat meat
ea读[e]:bread head breakfast
ea读[e?]:great break
ea读[??]:real really idea cereal
ear读[?:]:learn earth early heard
ear读[e?]:pear wear bear
ear读[??]:ear dear hear near clear nearly nearby
ear读[ɑ:]:heart
ed在大部分清辅音后读[t]([t]除外):watched washed cooked helped danced
ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外):played cleaned climbed answered arrived aired boiled emptied enjoyed cried
ed在[t][d]后读[?d]:wanted needed
ee在重读音节中读[i:]:see tree see
eer读[??]:beer deer pioneer
ei读[i:]:receive
ei读[e?]:veil vein
ei在gh前读[e?]:eight eighteen eighty
eir读[e?]:their theirs
eo读[i:]:people
er在重读闭音节中读[?:]:her term
er在非重读音节中读[?]:father mother brother sister
ere读[??]:here
ere读[e?]:there where
es在浊辅音([z ][?][d?]除外)及元音后,es发[z]:leaves thieves knives wives
potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes goes does families stories
es在[s][z][?][?][t?][d?]后读[?z]:buses blouses dishes garages watches oranges ew读[ju:]:new newspaper review
ew在l,r,j后读[u:]:flew grew Jew
ex读[eks]:exercise exit
ex读[?ks]:excle expensive extinct
ex读[?gz]:exam examination exactly
ey读[i:]:key
ey读[?]:monkey valley
ey读[e?]:they
Ⅲ. 元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音
i在重读开音节中读[a?]:time like rice
i在重读闭音节中读[?]:big six sit
i读[i:]:police policeman policewoman machine
i弱读读[?]:holiday April
i在非重读音节中读[?]:taxi
i读[j]:onion review million billion brilliant behavior
i在元音字母a,e,o前读[a?]:dialogue quiet pioneer
i在g前读[a?]:sign high light right
i在nd前读[a?]:find behind
i在ld前读[a?]:child
i在re前读[a?]:fire tired retire
ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]:piece field believe thief
ie在重读音节词词尾读[a?]:lie die
ir在重读音节中读[?:]:bird girl first
Ⅳ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音
o在重读开音节中读[??]:go no nose home
o在辅音字母st,ld前读[??]:post old
o在重读闭音节中读[?]:hot on not sorry
o读[?:]:story
o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[^]:come none love other
o读[u:]:do to who
o在w后读[?]:woman wolf
o在非重读音节中读[?]:today policeman
oa在重读音节中读[??]:boat coat
oar读[?:]:board blackboard cardboard
oar读[?]:cupboard
oe读[??]:woe
oe读[u:]:shoe
oi读[??]:oil toilet boil soil
oo一般读[u:]:too zoo food pool boot school
oo在d,k和少数t前读[?]:book look good foot
oo读[^]:blood flood
oor读[?:]:door floor
oor读[??]:poor
or在重读音节中读[?:]:or for short sport
or在[w]后读[?:]:work word world
or读[?]:doctor forget mirror
ore读[?:]:more before
ou在多数情况下读[a?]:out about house blouse
ou在ght前读[?:]:bought brought thought
ou读[^]:touch country enough young
ou读[u:]:soup group through
ou读[??]:shoulder though
ou读[?]:cough
ou读[?]:delicious previous
oul读[?]:could would should
our读[?:]:four your
our读[?:]:journalist journal
our读[?]:colour
our读[??]:tour
our读[a??]:our hour
ow读[a?]:how now cow
ow读[??]:show know yellow window
owe或ower读[a??]:towel flower
oy读[??]:boy toy employee
Ⅴ. 元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音
u在重读开音节中读[ju:]:student Tuesday
u在重读闭音节中读[^]:bus sun but cut up us
u处于开音节位置,又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]:June fluency February Sue u在重读闭音节中还读[?]:put sugar full push
u在非重读音节中读[?]:minus autumn
u读[?]:busy minute
u读[e]:bury
ui读[ju:]或[j??,ju:?]:suit suicide
l,r,j+ui时,ui读作[u:]或[??,u:?]:sluise fruit juice fluid ruin
ui读[?]:build building
ur在重读音节中读[?:]:nurse turn hurt Thursday
ur读[?]:surprise Saturday
ure读[??]:sure
ure在非重读音节中读[?]:picture pleasure
ure在重读音节中读[j??]:cure
Ⅵ.21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音
b读[b]:bag by bed boy bus blue
bt,mb在词尾时,b不发音:debt climb comb
bb读[b]:rabbit cabbage
c在字母e,i,y前读[s]:nice city cycle
c在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读[k]:cat come cut clock cry picture bloc
c+ia,ie,io时,c读[?]:special sufficient delicious
cc+a,o,u或l时,cc读[k]:occasion according occupy acclaim
cc+e,i时,cc读[ks]:accept accident
ch读[t?]:chair much lunch China
ch读[k]:school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomach ch读[?]:machine
ch读[d?]:sandwich
ck读[k]:black duck clock jacket cock
d读[d]:desk door day dog
dd读[d]:add daddy middle
dge读[d?]:bridge porridge judge
dr读[dr]:dress drive hundred children
ds读[dz]:beds birds hands friends
des读[dz]:decides
f读[f]:five fish fine family fifteen
f读[v]:of
ff读[f]:off coffee
ften读[f?n]:often
g读[g]:go girl big get
g在e前读[d?]:age page huge orange
g读[d?]:gentle gentleman general
gg读[g]:egg bigger biggest
ge读[?]:garage
gh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音:right eight straight bought daughter gh读[f]:laugh enough
gh在词首时,读[g]:ghyll ghost
gn,gm在词尾时,g常无声:sign phlegm
gu在词首读[g]:guess
gu在词中读[gw]:language
gue在词尾读[g]:dialogue
h读[h]:he her have hand head hair
h不发音:hour honest
wh读[w]:what why where white
wh在o前读[h]:who whom whose
gh在词首时,h不发音:ghyll ghost
j读[d?]:jump jacket just June Jim
j读[j]:Jensen ja hallelujah jaap
k读[k]:book bike cake kite Kate look
kn在词首时,k不发音:know knife
l读[l]:let look please lake people
ll读[l]:tell full till bell
m读[m]:man meat meet time
mb在词尾时,读[m],b常无声:climb comb
mm读[m]:common
mn在词首读[n]:mnemonics
mn在词中时,读[mn]:columnist
mn在词尾时,n常无声:autumn column
n读[n]:name nice nine near under
n在[k][g]前读[?]:pink English
n在k后读[n]:know knife
n在m后读[n]:mnemonics
nn读[n]:Ann
ng在词尾读[?]:sing long young morning
ng在词中读[?g]:English finger
nk读[?k]:thank think ink pink
p读[p]:pen map help cheap pencil paper
pp读[p]:apple happy appear
ph读[f]:photo phone elephant photograph
ps在词首时,p常不发音:psalm psywar
q读[k]:Iraq coq
qu在词首读[kw]:queen quick
que在词尾读[k]:unique technique
r读[r]:red right three
rr读[r]:sorry worry hurry carry carrot
wr读[r]:write wrong
s在词首读[s]:sit six some
s在清辅音后读[s]:books likes
s在浊辅音和元音后读[z]:apples windows
s读[z](尤其是在两个元音字母之间):his is please music
元音字母+s+无音e:①n.,adj.读[s]:base use
②v.读[z]:lose use
词中的s,其后跟清辅音字母时,s读[s],其后跟浊辅音字母时,s读[z]:desk husband s读[?]:sure Asia
s读[?]:usually television pleasure
sion读[??n]:television decision
sten读[s?n]:listen
stle读[stl]:whistle
sure读[??]:pleasure
sc+i,e,y读[s]:science scene scythe
sc+a,o,u读[sk]:scarf score scud
ss读[s]:miss class glass grass
ss读[?]:Russia profession
ssion读[??n]:expression
sh读[?]:she shoe short shop wash
t读[t]:ten time not get table
t读[t?]:picture question
tch读[t?]:watch
t+ia,ie时,t读[?]:martial patient
sten,ften,stle中,t无声:listen often whistle
tes读[ts]:kites gates dates
tt读[t]:bottle bottom little pretty
tion读[??n]:station national patient
[s]+tion时读[t??n]:question
th读[θ]:three thank month thin
th在pron.,art.,prep.,conj.中读[e]:this the with than 词尾the读[e]:breathe soythe
词尾ther读[e?]:father mother brother sister
tr读[tr]:tree trip try true truth
ts读[ts]:shirts hurts coats costs goats
t’s读[ts]:Let’s
ture读[t??]:picture
v读[v]:very five have
w读[w]:we window work walk
w不发音:two
wh读[w]:what why where white
wh在o前读[h]:who whom whose
wr在词首读[r],w无声:write wrong
x读[ks]:box six excuse next
x读[gz]:exam exact example
y在重读开音节中读[a?]:my by why
y在重读闭音节中读[?]:city very sorry
y在词首读[j]:yes you year yellow
yr读[?:]:myrtle
yr读[a??]:martyr satyr
yre读[?]:tyre byre
z读[z]:zoo zero
z读[?]:seizure
zz读[z]:buzz
zz读[ts]:pizza
国际音标学习48个国际音标表
一、长元音[i:] 1、疯狂外号:穿针引线长衣音,简称“长衣音”.发音要领的是:舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,舌两侧抵上齿两侧,口形偏平。 e:Chinese 中国人ee:feeling 感情 ei:receive 接到ea:please 请 ie:believe 相信 2、词汇拓展:we、she 、meet 、sixteen 、each 、please 3、实用操练: (1)Speaking English is a piece of cake. 说英语是小菜一碟 (2)Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 4、额外奉献:Please feel free to ...(请尽管.../请随时...)这是一个非常好用的句型。 (1)Please feel free to visit anytime.请尽管随时采访。 (2)Please feel free to ask for any help anytime.需要帮忙尽管说 二.短元音[i] 1、疯狂外号:经典收小腹减肥短衣音,简称“短衣音”发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿,前舌尽量抬高,口形扁平。 i: visit 参观e: English英语 u: busy忙ee: been曾经是 y: pretty漂亮的ui: build建造 2、词汇拓展:six 、eleven 、trip 、list、movie 3、实用操练:1.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
2. I'm pretty busy.我很忙。 三.元音[e] 1、疯狂外号:“小开口45度”音,简称为“45度”音。发音时舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,舌位比[i:]低;唇形中常,开口度比[i:]大。e:remember记得question 问题 ea:weather天气,pleasant 令人愉快的 2、词汇拓展:pen、yes、bed、let、every、egg 3、实用操练: (1)Better late than never. 迟到总比不到好 (2)East or west, home is best. 金窝银窝,不如自己的狗窝。(3). Let's get together when the weather is better.等天气好一点我们再相聚。 四.音标[?] 1、疯狂外号:“大开口夸张90度音”,简称“90度大嘴音”。发音时舌尖抵下齿;舌前部稍抬高,舌位比/e/更低;双唇成扁平形。 a: practice练习passion relax 放松 2、词汇拓展:that、bag、hat、apple、cat 3、实用操练: (1)I have a happy family.我有个幸福的家庭。 (2)Not bad.不错。 (3)As a matter of fact , I think he is outstanding.事实上,我认为他很杰出。
20个元音(12个单元音,8个双元音) [i:] 嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,嘴角向两边张开,露出微笑的表情,与字母E的发音相同。 [i] 嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,嘴形扁平。 [?:] 嘴形扁平,上下齿微开,舍身平放,舌中部稍稍抬高。 [?] 嘴唇微微张开,舌身放平,舌中部微微抬起,口腔自然放松发声。[?:] 双唇收得小而圆,并向前突出,舌身往后缩。 [?] 口腔打开,嘴张大,舌头向后缩,双唇稍收圆。 [u:] 嘴形小而圆,微微外突,舌头尽量后缩。 [u] 嘴唇张开略向前突出,嘴形稍收圆并放松些,舌头后缩。 [ɑ:] 口腔打开,嘴张大,舌身放平,舌尖不抵下齿,下巴放低,放松发音。[?] 嘴唇微微张开,伸向两边,舌尖轻触下齿,舌后部稍稍抬起。 [?] 嘴张大,嘴角尽量拉向两边,成扁平形,舌尖抵下齿。 [e] 嘴形扁平,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起。 [ei] 由[e]和[i]两个单音组成,[e]重读,[i]轻读,口形由半开到合,字母A就发这个音。 [ai] 由[a]和[i]两个单音组成,[a]重读,[i]轻读,口形由开到合,与字母I的发音相同。 [?i] 由[?]和[i]两个单音组成,[?]重读,[i]轻读,口形由圆到扁,由开到合。 [au] 由[a]和[u]两个单音组成,[a]重读,[u]轻读,口型由大到小。 [?u] 由[?]和[u]两个单音组成,[?]重读,[u]轻读,口形由半开到小,与字母O的发音相同。 [i?] 由[i]和[?]两个单音组成,[i]重读,[?]轻读,双唇始终半开。 [e?] 由[e]和[?]两个单音组成,[e]重读,[?]轻读,舌端抵下齿,双唇半开。[u?] 由[u]和[?]两个单音组成,[u]重读,[?]轻读,双唇由收圆到半开。 28个辅音: —辅音 [p]双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带不振动。 [b]双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带需振动。[t]舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后突然弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔喷出,但声带不振动。 [d]舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔中喷出,但声带需振动。 [k]舌后部抵住软腭,憋住气,然后突然间离开,将气送出来,想咳嗽一样,但声带不震动。 [ɡ]舌后部抵住软腭,憋住气,然后突然间离开,将气送出来,但声带需振动。[s]双唇微微张开,舌头自然放松,气流从上下齿隙间送出,但声带不振动。[z]双唇微微张开,舌头自然放松,气流从上下齿隙间送出,但声带需振动。[?]双唇收圆并稍微突出,舌尖接近上齿龈,送气,声带不振动。 [?]双唇收圆并稍微突出,舌头稍微上卷,舌尖接近上齿龈,送气,但声带需振动。
48个国际音标表 元音12个单 元音 长元音[i:] [?:][?:][u:] [ɑ:] 短元音[i] [?][?][u] [?][e] [Λ] 8个双元 音 [ai] [ei] [?i][i?][??] [?u][u?][au] 辅音 10 对 清 辅 音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ][ ∫ ][t?][tr] [ts] 浊 辅 音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e][?][d?][dr] [dz] 3个鼻音[m] [n] [?] 3个似拼 音 [h] [r] [l] 2个半元 音 [w] [j]
音标字母例词 [i:] e ea ee ey i ie e vening,b e,sh e,th e se,w e ea t,cl ea n,ice cr ea m,pl ea se,t ea cher s ee,thr ee,thirt ee n k ey pol i ceman bel i eve,p ie ce [?:]er ir or ur ear h er, b ir d,g ir l,s ir,sh ir t,sk ir t,th ir ty w or d,w or k,w or ker n ur se,p ur ple,t ur n,ur gent ear th,ear ly,ear n, [?:] a al au aw or oar oor our ore w a ter, al l,w al l,b al l,t al k Au gust dr aw,aw ful,l aw, or,h or se,sh or t b oar t,b oar d, d oor,fl oor, y our,f our,c our se,c our t m ore,b ore, [u:]o u oe ue oo ui ou wo impr o ve,l o se r u ler, sh oe, bl ue, s oo n,r oo m,p oo l,sch oo l fr ui t,j ui ce y ou t wo [ɑ:] a ar ear cl a ss,f a ther,d a nce,a fternoon c ar, d ar k,f ar m,st ar t,ar m,m ar ket h ear t, [i]i y a l i ve,d i nner,l i sten,p i cture famil y,lovel y,man y or a nge [?]or er u a e act or,doct or, f or get, togeth er,dinn er,fast er,bett er,wat er,eras er,broth er,work er s u ppose, a lone,A merica,a bout,a llow, op e n [?]o a sh o p, b o ttle,d o g,h o t, sm a ll,w a nt [u]u oo p u t,p u ll,p u sh, c oo k,l oo k,g oo d,c oo l,f oo t
国际音标发音规则大全 一、26个英文字母及发音音标如下: A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef] G g [d?i:] H h [eit?] I i [ai] J j [d?ei] K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [?? ] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′d?b?lju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:] / [zed] 二、以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如: 1)含元音音素[ei] 字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk 音标: [ei] [eit?] [d?ei] [kei] 2) 含元音音素[i:] 字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv 音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d?i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:] 3) 含元音音素[e] 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz 音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed] 4) 含元音字母Uu或元音音素[u:] 字母: Uu Qq Ww 音标: [ju:] [kju:] [′d?b?lju:] 5) 含元音音素[ai] 字母: Ii Yy 音标: [ai] [wai] 6) Don’t forget Oo /??/ and Rr/ɑ:/ 三、区别元音字母Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu与元音二十个音素。 不定冠词a放在辅音开头的词前;an放在元音开头的词前。大多数元音字母开头的词,一般发元音,但有些就不是,如字母Uu, 单词useful, university, European 等。一般辅音字母开头的词发辅音,但有些就不是,如hour, honest这两个单词中h都不发音。如:1) an Aa / Ee / Ii / Oo, an Ll / Ss / Xx / Rr an orange/apple/egg/ English teacher/ eraser / ID card/ 11-year-old boy; an hour [′a??] 一小时,an honest man一个诚实的人(这儿的h不发音) an 8-year-old boy 一位八岁的男孩an egg an eraser 2) a Uu/ Bb / Pp a useful [′jU:sful]book一本有用的书(这儿u第一个音发/ j/) a university[ju::n?′v?:s?t?] 一座大学a European[′ju:r?p??n] man 一位欧州人如:There is an “r” and a “u”in the word “ruler”. He is an English teacher. He’ll be back in half an hour. I eat an apple and a pear every day. 四、英语国际音标表(48个) [[ [[[[ [[i[[u[ [[
[i] l i p [?] t om a t o [?] bo x[u]bo ok[Λ] c u p [?] a ppl e [i:] te a [?:] bi r d [?:] ba l l[u:] f o o d [ɑ:] c a r [e] e g g [a i]bik e[a u] c o w [i?] e a r [e i]t a bl e[?u]bo a t [e?] be a r [?i] bo y[u?] t o u r i s t [p]po t a t o[t] t o m at o [k] c o w [f] f o o d [?] t h ank[s]se a [b]bi r d [d]do g[g]g o o se[v] v a n [e]t hi s [z]z o o [t r] t r e e[t s]c a ts [∫]sh o e s[t∫] t r o u se r [dr]dr i v e[dz]be ds [?]pl e as u re[d?]jo b [h] h a t [m] m e at [n]n a il[?] wi n g[l]le g [r]r a t [w]wa l l[j] y e s
l i p(嘴唇)t om a t o(西红柿)bo x(盒子)bo o k(书)c u p(杯子) a p pl e(苹果)te a(茶)bi r d(鸟)ba l l(球)f o o d(食物)c a r(小车)e g g(蛋)bik e(自行车)c o w(母牛)e a r(耳朵)t a ble(桌子) bo a t(小船)be a r(熊)bo y(男孩)t o u r is t(游客)po t a t o(土豆) thank(感谢)sea(大海)dog(狗)goose(鹅)van(货车)this(这个)zoo(动物园)tree(树)cats(猫)shoes(鞋)trouser(裤子)drive(开车)beds(床)pleasure(高兴) job(工作)h at(帽子)m e at(肉)n a i l(指甲)wi n g(翅膀)le g(腿)r a t(鼠)wa l l(墙)ye s(是)
英语国际音标表(48个) 元音(20个) 轻辅音/p/ 颇/t/ 特 /k/ 克 /f/ 佛 /θ/ 四(咬舌音) /s/ 四 浊辅音/b/ 伯/d/ 得 /g/ 个 /v/ 勿 /e/ 字(咬舌音) /z/ 自 轻辅音/?/ 是/h/ 和 /ts/ 差(ci) /t?/ 迟 /tr/ 缺 长元音/ɑ:/ 啊(长音) /?:/ 喔(长音) /?:/ 额(长音) /i:/ 一(长音) /u:/ 屋(长音) 短元音/?/ 阿/?/ 哦 /?/ 额 /?/ 一 /?/ 屋 /e/ 挨 /?/ 挨 双元音 /e?/ 和拼音的 “ei”一样 /a?/ 挨 /??/ 外/??/ 一而 /e?/ 挨而 /??/ 勿而/??/ 欧 /a?/ 袄
英语音标及字母组合对照 1.元音: 1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie ei (eo ey i) three tree green tea meat he she me piece receive ceiling 2) [ I ]发音字母i y e ui u a sit picture miss many twenty happy defect decide delicious 3) [ ? ] 发音字母a bag hand happy hat map bad black back glad flag man 4) [e] 字母组合ea e a(ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay) head bread pleasure elephant sell lesson yes many any 5) [?:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt turn burn murder learn earn earth term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) [?] 字母组合er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember doctor actor author delicious gracious dollar together tomorrow around account ago elephant banana Canada Japan men listen Saturday 7) [a:] 字母组合ar a car farm arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) [ ? ] 发音字母u o ou oo up supper lunch come mother trouble rough blood flood 9) [?: ]字母组合al or au our ar
48个国际音标表 元音12个单元音 长元音i: u: a: 短元音i [u] e 8个双元音ai ei i i u au 辅音 10 对 清辅音p t k f s ∫[tr ts 浊辅音 b d g v z dr dz 3个鼻音m n 3个似拼音h r l 2个半元音w j 48个音标发音要领讲义 Unit 1 长元音[i:] 舌尖抵下齿,口腔肌肉紧张,面部表情呈微笑状。[i:t] eat 吃[bi:] bee 蜜蜂[si:]see 看见 短元音[i] 舌尖抵下齿,口形偏平,开口度比[i:] 大。 [big] big 大的[iz] is 是 短元音[e] 发音时舌尖抵下齿,嘴形扁平,上下齿之间距离为小指的宽度。(这个音容易忘记,忘记时想想字母F, L ,M ,N )[bed] bed 床[get] get 到达 短元音[] 舌尖抵下齿,嘴要故意张很大,上下齿之间可容纳食指和中指的宽度。 注意:开口度[]﹥[e] ﹥[i] ﹥[i:] 清辅音[p] 和浊辅音[b] /p/是p的发音,/b/是b的发音。双唇爆破辅音。发音时双唇紧闭,憋住气,然后突然分开,气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音。/p/是清辅音,声带不振动;/b/是浊辅音,声带振动。 清辅音[t] 和浊辅音[d] /t/是t的发音,/d/是d的发音。舌齿爆破辅音。发音时舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后突然分开,使气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音。/t/是清辅音,声带不振动;/d/是浊辅音,声带振动。 清辅音[k] 和浊辅音[g] /k/ //--/k/是字母k和字母c的发音,//是字母g的读音。舌后软颚爆破辅音。发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚,憋住气,然后突然分开,气流送出口腔,形成爆破音。/k/是清辅音,声带不振动;//是浊辅音,声带振动。 Unit 2
精品文档 国际音标学习 48个国际音标表 、长元音[i:]
1、 疯狂外号:穿针引线长衣音,简称“长衣音” ?发音要领的是:舌尖抵 下齿,舌前部抬高,舌两侧抵上齿两侧,口形偏平。 e : Chinese 中国人 ee : feeling 感情 ei : receive 接至U ea : please 请 ie : believe 相信 2、 词汇拓展: we she 、meet 、sixteen 、each 、please 3、 实用操练: (1) Speaking English is a piece of cake 说英语是小菜一碟 (2) Seeing is believing ? 眼见为实。 4、 额外奉献:Please feel free to …请尽管…/请随时…)这是一个非常好 用的句型。 (1) Please feel free to visit anytime #尽管随时采访。 (2) Please feel free to ask for any help anytime.要帮忙尽管说 二?短元音[i ] 1、疯狂外号:经典收小腹减肥短衣音,简称“短衣音” 发音要领是发 音时舌尖抵下齿,前舌尽量抬高,口形扁平。 i: visit 参观 e: English 英语 u: busy 忙 ee: been 曾经是 y: pretty 漂亮的 ui: build 建造 2、 词汇拓展: six 、eleven 、trip 、list 、movie 3、 实用操练:1. Where there is a will, there is a way 有 志者事竟成。 2. I'm pretty bus y 我很忙。 三.元音[e ] 1、疯狂外号:“小开口 45度”音,简称为“ 45度”音。发音时舌尖抵下 齿,舌前部稍抬起,舌位比[i :]低;唇形中常,开口度比[i:]大。 question 问题 pleasant 令人愉快的 yes bed 、 let 、every 、 egg (1) Better late than never.迟到总比不到好 (2) East or west, home is best 金窝银窝,不如自 己的狗窝。 (3) . Let's get together when the weather is_bette 等?天气好一点我们再 相聚。 四.音标[?] e : remember 记得 ea : weather 天 气, 2、 词汇拓展:
英语国际音标及发音规 则 集团文件发布号:(9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
音标的学习 一.关于语音的几个概念 1.字母:语言的书写形式。英语字母共26个,其中元音字母6个 a, e, i, o,u, 2.音标:词的语音形式。 3.音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。 4.音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand 5.元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主 要音。英语中有20元音。 6.辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节 的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 7.开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name; bike ; b) 辅音+元音 he; go; hi 8.闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad; bed; sit; hot; cup; b)元音+辅音 it; is; 9.音节:英语单词有单音节词,双音节词和多音节词之分。含有一个 响亮因素的声音片断叫做一个音节。英语里的原因因素都 是响亮的因素。 10.(非)重读音节:英语单词中如有一个以上的音节,有的音节须 读的重而清楚的叫做重读音节,用重音符号“’” 标出;有的读得轻而含糊,叫非重读音节。 例如:red/red/ bed/bed/
发音要领及发音规则: ⑴前元音:[i:] [i] [e] [?] 前元音发音要领:舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬颚抬起,双唇不要收圆。 [i:]①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部尽量向硬颚抬起。②嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平形。 注意:[i:]是长元音,发长元音时要比发短元音长两倍以上。 [?] ①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬颚抬起,比[i:]低,比[e]高。②唇形扁平,牙床开得比[i:]宽,比[e]窄。③可从发[i:]出发,将小指尖放在上 [e]①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,比[i:]低。②唇形中常,牙床开得
48个国际音标表 [i:] [i] [E:] [E] [O:] [O] [u:] [u] [A:] [V] [Q] [e] [ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au] [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [f] [v] [s] [z] [T] [D] [S] [Z] [tS] [dZ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [m] [n] [N] [h] [r] [l] [w] [j] 英语国际音标共48个,其中20个元音,20个辅音,3个鼻音,2个半元音,3个似拼音 元音 12个单元音 长元音 [i:] [E:] [O:] [u:] [A:] 短元音 [i] [E] [O] [u] [V] [Q] [e] 8个双元音: [ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au] 辅音10对 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [T] [S] [tS] [tr] [ts] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [D] [Z] [dZ] [dr] [dz] 3个鼻音 [m] [n] [N]
3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l] 2个半元音 [w] [j] 巧记48个国际音标 单元音共十二,四二六前中后。 双元音也好背,合口集中八个整。 辅音共计二十八,八对一清又七浊, 四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音, 有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握。 关于语音的几个概念: AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language(简称AHD) KK音标是一套用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法,从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。 DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来. 英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为“Received Pronuciation”(RP)(标准读音)的读音,这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。 1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号
元音 长元音/ɑ://?:// ?://i://U:/ 短元音/ ? // e / / ? / /Λ/ /? / /? / /? / 双元音/e?//a?//??/ /??//e?//??/ /??//a?/ 辅音10对 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [?] [?] [ts] [tr] [t? ] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [?] [dz] [dr] [d? ] 3个鼻音 [m] [n] [?] 3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l] 2个半元音 [w] [j] 有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握。 关于语音的几个概念: 音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音. 开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e ,这时元音发字母本身的音。如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音如: it is of in on up out ant 1 元音: 1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling 2) [i]发音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) [?] 发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 58英语学习网 4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
48个英语国际音标发音规则及练习 元音 1、前元音[i:] [?] [e] [?] 所谓前元音是指发音时要使用舌前部,也就是说舌前部要向硬腭抬起,舌尖要抵住下齿,口形扁平,不要收圆。四个前元音中发[i:]的时候舌前部抬得最高,牙床近乎全合。发[?]的时候舌前部比[i:]稍低,牙床也开得稍大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约可以容纳一个小指尖。发第三个前元音[e]的时候舌前部比[?]又要第一些,牙床也开得更大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指尖。发第四个前元音[?]的时候舌前部最低,牙床开得最大。上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指加中指。 [i:]me he she these Chinese meet [?]sit six is it this milk [e]desk pen bed egg red [?]bag map apple cat hand 2、后元音[ɑ:][Λ] [?:] [?] [u:] [?] 所谓后元音是指发音时要使用舌的后部,也就是说舌后部要向软腭抬起。发后元音时舌尖可以不抵下齿。除了后元音[ɑ:]要用中常唇外,其它四个音都要用圆唇,发音时嘴要拢圆。个别的音如[?] [u:]嘴唇还要向前突出。其次,要注意后元音的舌位。五个后元音中[ɑ:]的舌位最低,开口最大。[Λ]的舌位比[ɑ:]稍高,开口度比[ɑ:]稍小。[?:]的舌位比[Λ]又要更高一些。[?]的舌位比[?:]又要高一些,开口度再小一些。[u:]的舌位最高,开口最小。发[?]音时,要注意双唇收圆,不然容易发成[ɑ:],所以学习这个音时可以先发[ɑ:],然后将双唇收圆,就会发出[?]音。 [ɑ:]part half ask class father [Λ]cut love touch bus come [?:] sort door saw talk four [?] put book woman look could [u:]do zoo blue ruler move [?] top cock box what want 3、中元音[З:][?] 所谓中元音是指发音时要使用舌的中部,也就是说舌的中部要稍稍抬起,舌尖可以轻抵下齿,口形扁平或中常。[З:]的舌位比[?]稍高。 [З:]bird serve term work turn [?] about China letter actor again 上面提到了12个单元音。英语里还有8个双元音。这8个双元音又可分成两类,合口双元音和集中双元音,下面分别讲解。 4、合口双元音[eI] [aI] [?I] [??] [a?] 所谓“合口双元音”是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是一个合口元音[?]
48个国际音标表(打印版)
国际音标 元音12个单元音 长元音[i:] [?:] [?:] [u:] [a:] [e] 短元音[i] [?] [?] [u] [Λ] [?] 8个双元音[ei] [ai] [?i][i?][??] [u?][?u] [au] 辅音10 对 清辅音[p] [t] [k] [f ] [s] [θ][ ∫ ][t?][tr] [ts] 浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e][?][d?][dr] [dz] 3个鼻音[m] [n] [?] 3个似拼音[h] [r] [l] 2个半元音[w] [j] 2
元音 1、长元音[i:] ee:tree树木ea:meat肉ie:believe 相信e:Chinese 中国人 three green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea please 2、短元音[i] 1 “短衣音” i: visit 参观e: English 英语 u: busy忙ee: been曾经是 y: pretty漂亮的ui: build 建造 sit picture it is list six mix 3
fix fit pig big miss 3.长元音[ ?: ] er :prefer更喜欢ir:dirty脏的 ere:were 是(be)or:world 世界 ur:hurt伤害urgent 紧急的 girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird worm work 4.短元音[?] er:teacher 教师or:doctor 医生u:suppose认为ea:ocean海洋 a:ago American美国o:polite 礼貌的e:open打开i:possible可能的speaker actor together tomorrow today lesson around account elephant banana Canada China introduce alone 4
48个国际音标表 元音 长元音/ɑ://?://??://i://U:/ 短元音/?? // e / / ? / /Λ/ / ? / /? / / ? / 双元音/e?//a?//??/ /??//e?//??/ /??//a?/ 辅音10对 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [?] [?] [ts] [tr] [t? ] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [?] [dz] [dr] [d? ] 3个鼻音 [m] [n] [?] 3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l] 2个半元音 [w] [j] 有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握。 关于语音的几个概念: 音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素. 音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.
辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音. 开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e ,这时元音发字母本身的音。如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音如: it is of in on up out ant 1 元音: 1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling 2) [i]发音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) [?] 发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world
48个英语音标表
26个字母发音表 元音字母和辅音字母分类表
语音知识: 1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u 2) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素. 3) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 4) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 5) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand。 6) 开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音he,go,hi。 7) 闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup; b)元音+辅音it。 8) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 读音规则 1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。 2) 非重读音节[ ] banana,student,today,after,[i] orange,secret,evening,very,Monday。 特殊读音 1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。 not at all,half an hour,I love you and all、after all。 2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。 good girl,good student,good job,expression,school,extreme。 3)音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。 Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Can't you see it? last year,this year。 重音 A)双音节词 a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorry。 b)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss,im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late c)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的 词性在第二个音节上。'record,re'cord; 'insult,in'sult; 'conduct,con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content,con'tent。 d)有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词,有两个重音。 'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'war。 B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy。 b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音 'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment。 c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive 后缀的词,重音在 这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tective。 d)词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。 enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette。
48个英语音标发音表及口型 英语国际音标共48个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。对于初学者来说,若采用集中教学,要学会48个音素的发音并区别开。确实不易。笔者对音标的教学采用了相对集中的方法,即从字母名称教学过渡到部分音标教学。 国际音标(英语语音) 元音单元音 前元音[i:] [i] [e] [?] 中元音[?] [?:] [?] 后元音[u:] [u] [?:] [?] [a:] 双元音 开合双元音[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au] 集中双元音[i?] [ε?] [u?] 辅音爆破音 清辅音[p] [t] [k] 浊辅音[b] [d] [g] 摩擦音 清辅音[f] [s] [?] [θ] [h] 浊辅音[v] [z] [?] [e] 破擦音 清辅音[t?] [tr] [ts] 浊辅音[d?] [dr] [dz] 鼻音(浊辅音)[m] [n] [?] 舌则音(浊辅音)[l] [r] 半元音(浊辅音)[w] [j] 一、元音 前元音:[i:] [i] [e] [?] 前元音发音要领:舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬颚抬起,双唇不要收圆。
注意:[i:]是长元音,发长元音时要比发短元音长两倍以上。 [i:]①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部尽量向硬颚抬起。②嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平形。 [i]①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬颚抬起。②发音短促,上下齿之间可容纳小指尖。 [e]①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,比[i:]低。②牙床开得比[i:]宽,上下齿间可 容纳一个食指。 [?]①舌尖抵下齿。②双唇向两旁平伸,嘴张开比e大,两齿间可以容纳食指和中指。 中元音:[?] [?:] [?] 中元音发音要领:舌尖抵住下齿,但不如发前元音时抵得那样紧。舌 身的中部隆起,扁唇(双唇不要收圆)。 [?:]①舌中部稍抬起。②双唇和发[i:]时相似。 [?]①舌中部抬起。②牙床半开半合,短促有力。 [?]①舌中部稍抬起。②开口程度和[?]相似,唇形扁。 后元音:[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:] 后元音发音要领: ①舌尖不触下齿,舌身后缩,舌后部向软颚抬起,除[ɑ:]外,双唇要收 圆。 ②发[ɑ:][?:][u:]时要注意长度,不要发得太短。 [ɑ:]舌尖不触下齿,口张大,舌身平放后缩。 [?]①舌尖不触下齿,口张大,舌身尽量降低并后缩。②双唇稍稍收圆。 [?:]①舌后部比发[?]时抬得略高。②双唇也收得更圆更小,并须用力向前突出。 [u]①舌尖不触下齿,舌后部向软颚抬起,舌身后缩。②双唇收圆,稍向前突出。 [u:]双唇比发[u]时收得更圆更小,向前突出,舌后部比发[u]时抬得更高。 双元音:[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au] [i?] [u?] [??] 双元音发音要领:①由两个元音组成,发音时由第一个向第二个元音的 部位滑动,但不完全到达第二个元音的部位。