自考英语语法试题

★考试结束前全国202X年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法真题课程代码：00831请考生按规定用笔将全部真题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题局部考前须知：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在真题卷上。

一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.1.All the_____were shocked at the sudden death of the old man on the pavement.A. passer-bysB. passers-bysC. by-passersD. passers-by2.When I was in England, I went to visit the university where I_____.A. had studiedB. studiedC. have studiedD. was studying3.No decision has been made about what to do next. We_____it.A. still considerB. still consideredC. are still consideredD. are still considering4.Mr. Johnson told us that he_____to work in the headquarters of the corporation later this month.A. will be transferredB. would be transferredC. will transferD. was transferred5.Staying in a foreign country，I sometimes find it difficult to make myself_____.A. understandB. understandingC. to understandD. understood6.Every teacher in the school accepted the suggestion that the students_____their uniforms to school.复习文档A.would wearB. ought to wearC. must wearD. wear7.You don’t need_____for my permis sion every time you want to watch TV.A. to askB. askC. askingD. being asked8.This was the last play_____that year.A. to being performedB. to performingC. to be performedD. having performed9.He appeared well_____for the TV debate.A. preparedB. prepareC. preparingD. to prepare10.Where did you get the_____ furnitureA. expensive ancient mahoganyB. ancient expensive mahoganyC. expensive mahogany ancientD. ancient mahogany expensive11.This is_____the best school in the region.A. far and awayB. farther awayC. further awayD. far away12.I can’t afford as_____as this one.A. an expensive carB. expensive a carC. more expensive a carD. most expensive a car13. _____, I'd like to express my gratitude for your generous contributions.A. To beginB. To begin withC. BeginningD. Beginning with14.Michael has remarkable talent_____basketball.A. inB. forC. onD. with15.He always did well at school_____having to do part-time jobs in his spare time.A. regardless ofB. on account ofC. in spite ofD. in case of16.He is a straight A student, _____his brother never was.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that17.We talked a long while about our childhood days, _____we had a good dinner.复习文档A. after whichB. after thatC. after thenD. after what18.Bread and milk_____my breakfast for years.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been19.This is the only one of the many houses here which____destroyed by the flood.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are20. ---You don’t like dishonesty, do you---Of course not. Actually, nobody____.A. doB. doesC. likesD. like非选择题局部考前须知：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在真题卷上。

全国2023年4月月自考英语语法写作试题和答案一、语法填空试题：Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.3. My brother ___ to stay at home and study for his exams.4. The new tax policy will ___ a significant impact on small businesses.5. ___ it is raining, we can still go for a walk if you bring an umbrella.答案：1. submit2. inspired3. chose4. have5. Although二、改错题试题：Correct the errors in the following sentences.1. How many cookies do you ate yesterday?2. Susan has went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.3. The students was happy with their test scores.4. Neither John nor his brothers are interested in sports.5. My sister is very excited about going to travel next week.答案：1. How many cookies did you eat yesterday?2. Susan has gone to the supermarket to buy some groceries.3. The students were happy with their test scores.4. Neither John nor his brothers is interested in sports.5. My sister is very excited about going to travel next week.三、短文改错试题：Correct the errors in the following passage.My best friend and I had planned for go hiking last weekend. We woke up early and meet at the park. We brought some food and water for the trip. Suddenly, it start to rain heavily. We didn't have any umbrellas, so we got wet. Despite the rain, we continued go on with our hiking. The scenery was beautiful, but the rain made the trail slippery and dangerous. At the end, we were exhausted but happy with the experience.答案：My best friend and I had planned to go hiking last weekend. We woke up early and met at the park. We brought some food and water for the trip. Suddenly, it started to rain heavily. We didn't have any umbrellas, so we got wet. Despite the rain, we continued to go on with our hiking. The scenery was beautiful, but the rain made the trail slippery and dangerous. In the end, we were exhausted but happy with the experience.。

全国高等教育自学考试（一）英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1. That definition leaves ______ for disagreement. ( )A. much roomB. a small roomC. many roomsD. a big room2. My train is going to arrive at Shanghai at about eight o’clock tonight. The plane I’d like to take from there ______ by then. ( )A. would leaveB. will have leftC. has leftD. had left3. The young man who has applied for the post ______ in the general manager’s office.( )A. is interviewingB. is being interviewedC. to be interviewedD. had been interviewed4. It is essential that all the exam papers ______ back before the end of the term. ( )A. must be sentB. are sentC. will be sentD. be sent5. ______ for my illness, I would have got the job in the Disneyland. ( )A. Not beingB. Without beingC. Had it not beenD. Not having been6. The car ahead of me suddenly stopped by the roadside. I think it ______ out of gas.( )A. may runB. may have runC. must runD. should have run7. The teacher won’t mind ______ the term paper. ( )A. us to delay handing inB. our delaying handing inC. our delaying to hand inD. us delay to hand in8. All the tasks ______ ahead of time, they decided to have a dinner party to celebrate.( )A. have been finishedB. had been finishedC. having been finishedD. were finished.9. What he has done is ______ what I have done. ( )A. superior toB. more superior toC. superior thanD. more superior than10. Mary earns ______ as Jane does, but she spends less money on cosmetics than Jane.( )A. twice so muchB. twice as muchC. as much twiceD. so much twice11. We’ 11 discuss a ______ issue b efore we move on to the problem of our major concern.( )A. lessB. moreC. lesserD. most12. He was very disappointed ______ the salary the company offered him. ( )A. withB. toC. forD. on13. The course usually attracts 30 students each term, ______ about two-thirds are girls.( )A. among whomB. for whomC. among themD. for them14. I have never seen a TV program ______ the man cannot find a parking space at the very first try.( )A. whereB. whichC. whenD. there15. Everyone believes that the day will come ______ people all over the world live a rich and happy life. ( )A. whenB. whereC. whichD. why16. The novelist and poet ______ best writer of the year. ( )A. have been awardedB. have awardedC. has awardedD. has been awarded17. Ten minutes ______ an hour when I’m depresse d. ( )A. seemsB. seemC. seemedD. is seeming18. ______ Paul brings the money for our lunch, we’ll go right to the cafeteria. ( )A. As far asB. As soon asC. As good asD. As much as19. The captain, together with the crew, ______ determined not to abandon the ship until all the passengers were aboard the lifeboats. ( )A. isB. areC. wereD. was20. I saw ______ girls at the cinema. ( )A. the bothB. many aC. both theD. a many二、填空题(本大题共28小题，共36分)Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.（共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）21. isn’t, hasn’t been, haven’t been, is, are, wasThe present government, which ______ in power long, ______ trying to control inflation. It isn’t having much success. 22. a, a, the, the, some, suchGetting ______ unions and ______ bosses to agree isn’t easy.23. is now believing, is now believed, has now believed, taught, teaching, being taughtIt ______ that foreign languages are most easily ______ to young children.24. am, were, has been, will be, shall be, should beI ______ anxious that nobody ______ hurt.25. if once, until, releases, releasing, released______ ______ from prison, he is likely to engage himself in the same business and commit the same crime.26. which, what, when, seen, I’ve ever seen, which I’ve ever seenIt’s the only building ______ ______ is made entirely of glass.27. believed, was believed, were believed, are, was, wereWhat ______ to be aliens from outer space ______ actually several sheep going astray.28. both, either, neither, whatever, whichever, howeverYou can keep one of the photos, ______ of them—______ you like.Section B: Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary. (共20小题,每小题1分，共20 分)29. Let’s talk to the manager, ______ (we)?30. How long ______ (speech) you made this afternoon!31. There has been an increasing number of ______ (man) teachers in primary schools in the last few years.32. All ______ (town) were celebrating the victory that night.33. We’re having dinner at my ______ (aunt) tonight.34. If only they ______ (stop) this constant complaining.35. The vase ______ (sit) dangerously over the edge of the balcony.36. We ______ (call) on you yesterday, but we had visitors ourselves.37. She took a taxi to the station so that she ______ (not miss) the train.38. This ______ (cure) your cough if you had taken it.39. Several people reported ______ (hear) her cry for help.40. When are you going to have the car ______ (repair)?41. ______ (dangerous) it is, the more I like it.42. He is ______ (of a fool) than his predecessor.43. A lot of people volunteered to donate their blood ______ (of sympathy).44. With luck, you might cover your cos ts, but don’t ______ (count) it.45. The woman ______ (whom) we talked has just given birth to quintuplets successfully.46. What he did and when he did it ______ (be) the only things I want to know.47. My car is too small. Let’s rent a ______ (big).48. －Will they change it?－Yes. I ______ (imagine).三、改错题(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分)Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49. The new reservoir is the two-thirds size of the old one in area.50. The friend of mine will visit me tomorrow.51. I have been seeing the movie three times, and now I want to see it again.52. I propose that a woman member of the committee appoint for the chair.53. The truth of course is that you must have to pay a professional to do it for you.54. Yesterday John went to see a house in a view to buying it.55. Because the leader couldn’t attend the meeting, so it was cancele d.56. The old lady must feel the cold a great deal because she doesn’t go out in the winter.57. When used with care, transitional words can enhance writing, however, too many of them will soon weary your reader.58. Young though he was, did he manage to make a living on his own.59. In order that the child to recover fully, an operation must be done.60. The cup was broken by someone, but I don’t know who.四、改写句子(本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分)Rewrite the following sentences as required.61. Using an intensifier:I have not known him tell a lie.62. Using a question tag:Bob rarely got drunk.63. Using a proper modal auxiliary:Perhaps he was working for Simons.64. Using a non-finite form:I am sure it’ll do you good if you admit that you made the mistake.65. Using a relative clause:He said that the men were thieves. This turned out to be true.66. Using an adjunct:My wife was using the vacuum cleaner. I was trying to listen to a broadcast play.67. Using an adjunct:His mother waited up. He came home.68. Using a pseudo-deft sentence:The students are going to write theses.69. Using passive voice:We must put an end to this state of things as soon as possible.70. Using extraposition:Meeting you in London that day was pleasant.71. Using inversion:Come and teach in our school. You won’t find such fine pupils anywhere else.72. Using an appropriate cohesive device:Check out the weather at your destination. If you do not check out the weather at your destination, things can be very embarrassing.五、简答题(本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分)Answer the following questions.73. Why do most modern English grammarians adopt a two-tense system?74. Why does co-reference between pronouns often cause our hesitation in the course of speaking and writing?全国高等教育自学考试（二）英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1. Harry will be able to begin working soon. He has got all ____ he needs now. （）A. the equipmentB. the equipmentsC. equipmentsD. of equipment2. It seems that oil ____ from the tank for some time. We’ll have to take the oil tank apart to see what's wrong. （）A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking3. A great deal of research _____ into the possible cures to AIDS in recent years.（）A. is doneB. was doneC. has been doneD. will be done4. Gone ____ when the Chinese people had to struggle to make a living and to worry about lack of food all day. （）A. the daysB. are the daysC. have the daysD. the days have5. Sometimes I wish I ____ extraordinary power to make all the impossible possible.（）A. haveB. hadC. have hadD. am having6. I've tried several times today, but the line is always busy; someone ____ the telephone. （）A. should be usingB. must have been usingC. must have usedD. must be using7. It's no use ______ the result of the exam; it's already finished. （）A. worrying aboutB. to worry aboutC. to worrying aboutD. having worried about8. With so much noise outside, the speaker had to raise his voice to have himself____.（）A. hearB. heardC. to be heardD. to hear9. Our neighbor has _____ than ours. （）A. larger a houseB. a house largerC. larger houseD. house larger10. I couldn't get ______ to match this table, so I took this one. It's a bit smaller. （）A. a table cloth enough largeB. an enough large table clothC. a large table cloth enoughD. a large enough table cloth11. Mr. Smith knows little of Chinese painting, and ____ of Chinese calligraphy. （）A. even moreB. still lessC. no lessD. still more12. Finding a job in such a large company has always been ____ his dream, for he doesn't have the right qualifications.（）A. underB. aboveC. overD. beyond13. A survey was recently carried out on the reasons why some people took drugs, ____ were shocking. （）A. which resultsB. its resultsC. the results of whichD. the results of it14. Professor Smith is the teacher ____ I think gave me the correct ways of learning a language.（）A. whomB. thatC. whichD. who15. The reason _____ he failed in the exam was that he didn't know how to take notes in class.（）A. thatB. whichC. becauseD. why16. The committee ______ among themselves for hours on this issue. （）A. has been arguingB. has arguedC. have been arguingD. have been argued17. Every means ____ tried in the company to promote sales but without much effect.（）A. has beenB. have beenC. isD. are18. ______ speaking, the more you pay for stereo equipment, the better the system. （）A. GenerallyB. ObviouslyC. CertainlyD. Actually19. Their explanation sounded convincing, but it was just a _____ of lies. （）A. groupB. packC. pileD. set20. _____ care would have prevented the accident. （）A. LessB. LittleC. A littleD. Lesser二、填空题（本大题共28小题，共36分）Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.（共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）21. is, was, are, will be, has been, beThe headquarters ____ in the sea-front district of Colombo, where most of the city's luxury hotels ____ located.22. a, a, the, the, some, eachThe Americans admire ____ tradition of _____ Chinese.23. told, had told, has been told, does, is doing, is being doneShe ____ that some very interesting work ____ on this.24. am, was, were, get, got, should getIf I ____ you I ____ that car serviced.25. if, even if, as soon as, dismiss, dismissing, dismissed____ ____from his position, he started his own business.26. was, was, he was, who he was, who wasHe met a lady _____ sure _____ his new teacher.27. when, which, what, is, are, were____ she wanted from him _____ just promises.28. either, neither, nor, what, which, thatThey produced two reports, ____ of ____ contained any useful suggestions.Section B: Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary.（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）29. Nobody agreed with you, __________ .（they）?30. What __________ （strange man）he is !31. The Browns __________ （be）moving away on Saturday.32. Turn in all __________ （papers）before Friday, please.33. I've got an appointment at the __________ （dentist）at 11:15.34. It was the first time I __________ （see）her, and I was impressed.35. His secretary __________ （constantly forget）to post his letter.36. I __________ （work）on my essay for a whole day and have produced only one paragraph.37. She asked if I __________ （help）her with her homework.38. It is reasonable to assume that the paparazzi __________ （directly cause）Princess Diana to die.39. I prefer my roommate __________ （not make）any noise at night.40. She kept __________ （depress）until he advised her to see a psychiatrist.41. I like Betty and Maud, but I think Betty's __________ （nice）of the two.42. Of all my sisters, Sue works __________ （hard）.43. Leaves kept __________ （fall）above our heads when we were walking among thetrees.44. Many thousands have __________ （benefit）the new treatment.45. The hotel manager, __________ （who）I complained about the service, refunded part of our bill.46. A hundred dollars __________ （be）a large sum of money to a university student like me.47. You shouldn't get Botticelli and Boccherini mixed up. The one is a painter and __________ （other）is a composer.48. - Is it true that Geoff has had a heart attack?- Yes. I am __________（afraid）.三、改错题（本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分）Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49. He has finished his half lecture.50. By the time I return to my country, I am away from home for more than three years.51. When, where, and by whom has the automobile invented?52. Mr. Lee was upset by us not tell him the truth.53. With view of your poor reward in school, we think you should study more.54. Both Tom wanted to go to the south, and his wife wanted to go there, too.55. The day was very warm and humid, for that I turned on the air conditioner.56. Dr. Sales is a person I don't have much confidence.57. A typhoon causes very often great damage to crops in this area.58. On the table she sat in the restaurant.59. Many people still go to work by buses.60. If you haven't got fresh milk, I'll take some tinned ones.四、改写句子（本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分）Rewrite the following sentences as required.61. Using an intensificr:I am not interested in economics.62. Using a question tag:She must have waites here for a long time.63. Using a proper modal auxiliary:The Bulls were probably not well prepared for the third game of 1996 NBA final.64. Using a non-finite form:I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.65. Using a relative clause:They will go to large cities. They think they can find good jobs there.66. Using a disjunet:I will say frankly that he has never intended to keep his word.67. Using an adjunct:Set your alarm clock, or you will oversleep.68. Using passive voice:We imported from abroad a lot of machinery.69. Using passive voice:Mary seems to like John very much.70. Using extraposition:Whether they come or not doesn't matter very much.71. Using inversion:I have never been there before.72. Using an appropriate cohesive device:The professor stepped into the classroom. The professor opened his book and then began to talk.五、简答题（本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分）Answer the following questions.73. Why is past tense often used for politeness?74. What concord principle do we usually use for the existential sentence?全国高等教育自学考试（三）英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1. This encyclopedia, which you can buy at any bookstore, will give you ______ you need. ( )A. all the informationB. all of informationC. all the informationsD. all of the informations2. The child ought to have a rest; she ______ the piano for nearly three hours. ( )A. had practicedB. is practicingC. has been practicingD. practices3. Great efforts to increase agricultural production must be made in this country if food shortage ______ . ( )A. is to be avoidedB. can be avoidedC. will be avoidedD. has been avoided4. My son's hair is too long; it wants ______. I'll have it ______ tomorrow. ( )A. cutting… doneB. cutting… to be doneC. being cut… doneD. to be cut… to be done5. All the tourists desire that the guide ______ them timely information about the changes in the schedule. ( )A. giveB. gaveC. givesD. can give6. You ______ all the calculations of the students' scores. We have the computer software to do that job. ( )A. needn't have doneB. mustn't have doneC. shouldn't have doneD. couldn't have done7. John is supposed ______ his term paper last. week, but he hasn't finished it yet. ( )A. to hand inB. to be handing inC. to have handed inD. to have been handed in8. You can see this type of ATM ______ in almost every commercial bank. ( )A. usedB. usingC. useD. to be used9.I like playing video games ______ to the music. ( )A. more than to listenB. more than listeningC. than listeningD. rather than to listen10. You can't be ______ cautious in making the decision as it concerns your son's future. ( )A. veryB. ratherC. tooD. so11. China has a larger population than ______ in the world. ( )A. any countryB. any countriesC. any other countryD. all other country12. All the candidates passed the written test ______ the exception of John. ( )A. onB. forC. inD. with13. According to a study on children's behavior, the time ______ the children spend in their one-way relationship withtelevision people will affect their relationship with real-life people later in their lives. ( )A. whenB. thatC. in whichD. on which14. At such a critical moment, our company needs a general manager ______ everyone has confidence. ( )A. of whomB. about whomC. in whomD. for whom15. The donor hoped that the little ______ he had done would help the people in the flooded area. ( )A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where16. It has been found that how close parents are to their children ______ a rather strong influence on the development of the children's character. ( )A. haveB. hasC. havingD. had17. The audience ______ requested to remain seated during the intermission. ( )A. areB. isC. wereD. be18. During extremely hot weather, elephants require both mud and water to keep their skin cool ______ they have no sweat glands. ( )A. andB. soC. because ofD. due to the fact that19. His score of the final English exam is higher than ______ in his class. ( )A. anyone's elseB. anyone elseC. anyone's else'sD. anyone else's20. He has been staying at home ______ days. ( )A. these all last fewB. these last few allC. all these last fewD. these last all few二、填空题(本大题共28小题，共36分)Section A Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)21. feel have, go, will be, are, wasThe black middle class ________________ culturally excluded while the poor _______________ totally alienated.22. a, the, some, all, each, suchA knife is no good. You need ________________ screwdriver to do ________________ job properly.23. took, was taken, had taken, operated, been operated, operatingHe ________________ to hospital last night and he's already ________________ on.24. was, were, be, shall be, will be, has been________________ it necessary that my uncle ________________ informed?25. both, whether, neither, or, nor, but________________ by accident ________________ by design, he arrived too late for the appointment.26. which I bought, what I bought, I bought, which, what, whoThis is the only book ________________ ________________ challenges this common belief.27. which, what, that, is, are, was________________ I need for the spring cleaning ________________ a pair of rubber gloves, some detergent and several plastic bags to hold the garbage.28. a, one, some, any, other, anotherThe New York Times is neither ________________ thing nor the ________________ It's not really a city newspaper and it's not really a national newspaper either.Section B Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary. (共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)29. She has coffee with sugar, __________(she)?30. __________ (not let's) go out until after the rain.31. Your politics __________ (seem) to be at variance with mine.32. All __________ (England) was excited at the victory in the battle fields.33. I'll go in Frank's car and you can go in __________ (Alan).34. We __________ (finish) the job by the time you come back.35. What are you talking about? You __________ (disturb) the class.36. They __________ (negotiate) for three hours now and neither party seems to be willing to compromise.37. You want to spend so much money on it? If I were you, I __________ (not do) that.38. You __________ (not carry) the parcel home. The shop would have delivered it if you had asked.39. I don't know __________ (ask) the question or not.40. He appeared well __________ (prepare) for the TV debate.41. The more friends you have, __________ (little time) you'll have to see them.42. __________ (long) I can stay is three hours.43. A good teacher must be neither too strict nor too weak; his manner must __________ (lie) these two.44. Time lost through illness __________ (amount) 50 working days last year.45. The picking of the fruit, __________ (which) work they receive no money, takes about a week.46. Ten percent of the teachers __________ (not have) the necessary certificate.47. - Have you met our German neighbours?-Are they __________ (one) who moved here recently?48. - Is he the fight person for the job?- I __________ (not believe).三、改错题(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分)Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49. Linguistics is a scientific study of the language.50. I'm sorry I don't know when he comes. I'll tell you about it as soon as he comes.51. Can the ship get seen on the horizon?52. May there be life on Mars?53. Having missed the final examination, the teacher gave me a failing grade.54. Take it easy. You know the effect of the drug will wear off four hours later.55. It is a fact that I almost drowned makes me very careful about water safety whenever I go.56. When a pearl is cut in half and examined under a microscope, but its layers can be seen.57. He denied seeing the murder suspect, that turned out to be true.58. Late the son has been staying out lately.59. No sooner he had asked the question than the answer came to him.60. — Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.— So had she and so did I.四、改写句子(本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分)Rewrite the following sentences as required.61. Using an intensifier:No one on the committee supported my plan.62. Using a question tag:Everybody knows what he has to do.63. Using a proper modal auxiliary:It is possible that the chair will accept your proposal if you put it in the right way.64. Using a non-finite form:She stood up so that she could be seen better.65. Using a relative clause:My boss is an incredibly boring person. His predecessor was not a boring person at all. 66. Using a disjunct:It is natural that she will take after her mother.67. Using an adjunct:He ran away. He is afraid to be seen.68. Using a relative clause:This is the only one of the many houses here. This was destroyed by the earthquake. 69. Using passive voice:I don't mind you criticizing me.70. Using extraposition:You will feel listening to him talk boring.71. Using discontinuity:He is the only student who applies for financial aid in this school.72. Using an appropriate cohesive device:I learned to speak English early in life. I had to learn English early in life.五、简答题(本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分)Answer the following questions.73. If tense is related to time, what is aspect related to?74. Explain the three principles of concord with examples.全国高等教育自学考试（四）英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A，B，C or D in the brackets·1．My entire ______ amounted to only 100 yuan after I bought a car．（）A．savings B．savingC．save D．saves2．One and two ______ three．（）A．made B．makeC．will make D．is making3．My boss ______ a rise in my salary for years，but nothing has happened yet．（）A．is promised B．is promisingC．has been promising D．promised4．Much to my satisfaction，I noticed that my son’s performance at school ______．（）A．was being improved B．Was been improvedC．has improved D．had improved5．The workers insisted on ______ the task and promised to fulfil it in time．（）A．being given B．givingC．having been given D．given6．If Tom had prepared well for the final exam，he ______ it．（）A．wouldn’t fail B．couldn’t failC．wouldn’t have failed D．didn’t fail7．A study concerning marriage shows that a couple ______ stay in harmony for about one or two years before they begin to find fault with each other．（）A．should B．mustC．need D．may8．There’s not much point ______ about it any further．（）A．argue B．to argueC．arguing D．being argued9．We must get the work ______ as soon as possible．（）A．do B．doingC．done D．to do10．In no country ______ Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of one single day．（）A．better than B．more thanC．rather than D．other than11．I would have paid ______ for this dress because I really like it．（）A．as much twice B．as much two timesC．twice D．twice as much12．When I called him last night，he was reading ______ story．（）A．an exciting old detective B．an old exciting detectiveC．an exciting detective old D．a detective old exciting13．I saw her talking ______．（）A．in the library yesterday with a young manB．in the library with a young man yesterdayC．with a young man yesterday in the libraryD．with a young man in the library yesterday14．I want to tell you that I sympathize ______ you in your afflictions．（）A．for B．toC．of D．with15．I hope that the little ______ I’ve done is of some help to you．（）A．that B．whichC．what D．when16．After his wife died，the goals ______ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him．（）A．after which B．for whichC．with which D．at which17．We met a boy and a girl．The boy, ______ we asked，told us the way．（）A．that B．whichC．whom D．／18．What my wife said and thought ______ none of your concern．（）A．is B．areC．was D．were19．Nobody but Smith and John ______ in the lab yesterday．（）A．are B．had beenC．were D．was20．When my grandfather told us a story, he would begin like ______：a long，long time ago．．．．（）A．these B．thoseC．this D．that二、填空题(本大题共28小题，共36分)Section A：Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)21．isn’t, doesn’t, don’t, it, they, they’reFive pounds __________ buy as much as __________ used to．。

202X年7月高等教育自学考试英语语法真题〔课程代码：00831〕一、单项选择题〔本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分〕Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1. Harry will be able to begin working soon. He has got all ____ he needs now. ( )A. the equipmentB. the equipmentsC. equipmentsD. of equipment2. It seems that oil ____ from the tank for some time. We’ll have to take the oil tank apart to see what's wrong.A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking3. A great deal of research _____ into the possible cures to AIDS in recent years. 〔〕A. is doneB. was doneC. has been doneD. will be done4. Gone ____ when the Chinese people had to struggle to make a living and to worry about lack of food all day.A. the daysB. are the daysC. have the daysD. the days have5. Sometimes I wish I ____ extraordinary power to make all the impossible possible.〔〕A. haveB. hadC. have hadD. am having6. I've tried several times today, but the line is always busy; someone ____ the telephone. 〔〕A. should be usingB. must have been usingC. must have usedD. must be using7. It's no use ______ the result of the exam; it's already finished. 〔〕A. worrying aboutB. to worry aboutC. to worrying aboutD. having worried about8. With so much noise outside, the speaker had to raise his voice to have himself____.〔〕A. hearB. heardC. to be heardD. to hear9. Our neighbor has _____ than ours. 〔〕A. larger a houseB. a house largerC. larger houseD. house larger10. I couldn't get ______ to match this table, so I took this one. It's a bit smaller. 〔〕A. a table cloth enough largeB. an enough large table clothC. a large table cloth enoughD. a large enough table cloth11. Mr. Smith knows little of Chinese painting, and ____ of Chinese calligraphy. 〔〕A. even moreB. still lessC. no lessD. still more12. Finding a job in such a large company has always been ____ his dream, for he doesn't have the right qualifications. 〔〕A. underB. aboveC. overD. beyond13. A survey was recently carried out on the reasons why some people took drugs, ____ were shocking. 〔〕A. which resultsB. its resultsC. the results of whichD. the results of it14. Professor Smith is the teacher ____ I think gave me the correct ways of learning a language. 〔〕A. whomB. thatC. whichD. who15. The reason _____ he failed in the exam was that he didn't know how to take notes in class. 〔〕A. thatB. whichC. becauseD. why16. The committee ______ among themselves for hours on this issue. 〔〕A. has been arguingB. has arguedC. have been arguingD. have been argued17. Every means ____ tried in the company to promote sales but without much effect.〔〕A. has beenB. have beenC. isD. are18. ______ speaking, the more you pay for stereo equipment, the better the system. 〔〕A. GenerallyB. ObviouslyC. CertainlyD. Actually19. Their explanation sounded convincing, but it was just a _____ of lies. 〔〕A. groupB. packC. pileD. set20. _____ care would have prevented the accident. 〔〕A. LessB. LittleC. A littleD. Lesser二、填空题〔本大题共28小题，共36分〕Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题，每题2分，共16分)21. is, was, are, will be, has been, beThe headquarters ____ in the sea-front district of Colombo, where most of the city's luxury hotels ____ located.22. a, a, the, the, some, eachThe Americans admire ____ tradition of _____ Chinese.23. told, had told, has been told, does, is doing, is being doneShe ____ that some very interesting work ____ on this.24. am, was, were, get, got, should getIf I ____ you I ____ that car serviced.25. if, even if, as soon as, dismiss, dismissing, dismissed____ ____from his position, he started his own business.26. was, was, he was, who he was, who wasHe met a lady _____ sure _____ his new teacher.27. when, which, what, is, are, were____ she wanted from him _____ just promises.28. either, neither, nor, what, which, thatThey produced two reports, ____ of ____ contained any useful suggestions.Section B: Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary.(共20小题，每题1分，共20分)29. Nobody agreed with you, __________ .(they)30. What __________ (strange man) he is !31. The Browns __________ (be) moving away on Saturday.32. Turn in all __________ (papers) before Friday, please.33. I've got an appointment at the __________ (dentist) at 11:15.34. It was the first time I __________ (see) her, and I was impressed.35. His secretary __________ (constantly forget) to post his letter.36. I __________ (work) on my essay for a whole day and have produced only one paragraph.37. She asked if I __________ (help) her with her homework.38. It is reasonable to assume that the paparazzi __________ (directly cause) Princess Diana to die.39. I prefer my roommate __________ (not make) any noise at night.40. She kept __________ (depress) until he advised her to see a psychiatrist.41. I like Betty and Maud, but I think Betty's __________ (nice) of the two.42. Of all my sisters, Sue works __________ (hard).43. Leaves kept __________ (fall) above our heads when we were walking among the trees.44. Many thousands have __________ (benefit) the new treatment.45. The hotel manager, __________ (who) I complained about the service, refunded part of our bill.46. A hundred dollars __________ (be) a large sum of money to a university student like me.47. You shouldn't get Botticelli and Boccherini mixed up. The one is a painter and __________ (other) is acomposer.48. - Is it true that Geoff has had a heart attack- Yes. I am __________(afraid).三、改错题〔本大题共12小题，每题1分，共12分〕Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49. He has finished his half lecture.50. By the time I return to my country, I am away from home for more than three years.51. When, where, and by whom has the automobile invented52. Mr. Lee was upset by us not tell him the truth.53. With view of your poor reward in school, we think you should study more.54. Both Tom wanted to go to the south, and his wife wanted to go there, too.55. The day was very warm and humid, for that I turned on the air conditioner.56. Dr. Sales is a person I don't have much confidence.57. A typhoon causes very often great damage to crops in this area.58. On the table she sat in the restaurant.59. Many people still go to work by buses.60. If you haven't got fresh milk, I'll take some tinned ones.四、改写句子〔本大题共12小题，每题2分，共24分〕Rewrite the following sentences as required.61. Using an intensificr:I am not interested in economics.62. Using a question tag:She must have waites here for a long time.63. Using a proper modal auxiliary:The Bulls were probably not well prepared for the third game of 1996 NBA final.64. Using a non-finite form:I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.65. Using a relative clause:They will go to large cities. They think they can find good jobs there.66. Using a disjunet:I will say frankly that he has never intended to keep his word.67. Using an adjunct:Set your alarm clock, or you will oversleep.68. Using passive voice:We imported from abroad a lot of machinery.69. Using passive voice:Mary seems to like John very much.70. Using extraposition:Whether they come or not doesn't matter very much.71. Using inversion:I have never been there before.72. Using an appropriate cohesive device:The professor stepped into the classroom. The professor opened his book and then began to talk.五、简答题〔本大题共2小题，每题4分，共8分〕Answer the following questions.73. Why is past tense often used for politeness74. What concord principle do we usually use for the existential sentence202X年7月英语语法真题参考答案课程代码：00831一、单项选择题〔本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分〕Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. 1. A. the equipment2. D. has been leaking3. C. has been done4. B. are the days5. B. had6. D. must be using7. A. worrying about8. B. heard9. B. a house larger10. D. a large enough table cloth11. B. still less12. D. beyond13. C. the results of which14. D. who15. D. why16. C. have been arguing17. A. has been18. A. Generally19. B. pack20. C. A little二、填空题〔本大题共28小题，共36分〕Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group. (共8小题，每题2分，共16分)21. is, are22. the, the23. has been told, is being done24. were, should get (would get)25. even if, dismissed26. was(2), who he was(1),27. what, were28. neither, which,29. did30. a31. are32. The33. dentist’s34. had seen35. is constantly forgetting36. have been working37. could help38. Singular: paparazzo, Plural: paparazzi39. not to make40. herself depressed41. the nicer (e.g. Which is the better of these two pens)42. hardest43. falling44. benefit.45. to whom46. is47. The one , the other48. afraid so(e.g. Are we late --- I am afraid so. OR --- I am afraid not.)三、改错题〔本大题共12小题，每题1分，共12分〕Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49. …finished half of his lecture50.…I returned to my country, I had been away from home… / As required: …, I will have been away…51.…by whom was the automobile…52.…by us who had not told him the truthOR …by our not telling him the truth / The Best:… by us not telling him the truth53. In view of54. Tom wanted to…, and his wife …Both Tom and his wife wanted to go to the south.55. …，so I turned on …56.…confidence in57. A typhoon very often causes…58. (She sat on the table in the restaurant59.…by bus60.…tinned one / Correct: some in tins四、改写句子〔本大题共12小题，每题2分，共24分〕Rewrite the following sentences as required.61. Using an intensifier (强调成分，指强化词意的副词):I am not interested in economics.(I am <really, definitely, simply> not interested in economics / cf. I am not interested in economics at all)62. Using a question tag:She must have waited here for a long time.(…, hasn’t she)63. Using a proper modal auxiliary:The Bulls were probably not well prepared for the third game of 1996 NBA final. (…may not have been well prepared for …)64. Using a non-finite form:I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.(I knew him to be poor. / e.g. We know him to be brave.)65. Using a relative clause:They will go to large cities. They think they can find good jobs there.(…, where they think they can find good jobs.)66. Using a disjunct〔别离状语〕:I will say frankly that he has never intended to keep his word.(e.g. Frankly <speaking>, he has never intended to ask you for help. / Naturally, the children are behaving well while you are here.)67. Using an adjunct 附加语，修饰成分，(Set your alarm clock so as not to oversleep.)68. Using passive voice:(A lot of machinery was imported by us from abroad)69. Using passive voice:(John seems to be very much liked by Mary.)70. Using extraposition:(It doesn’t matter very much whether they come or not.)71. Using inversion:(Never before have I been there.)72. Using an appropriate cohesive device:(The professor stepped into the classroom, who opened his book and then began to talk.)五、简答题〔本大题共2小题，每题4分，共8分〕Answer the following questions.73. Why is past tense often used for politeness (p108)The past tense with reference to the present usually expressed the speaker’s attitude or hypothesis. The attitudinal use normally occurs in independent clausesexpressing a less direct question, request or suggestion and implying an overtone of politeness on the part of the speaker.74. What concord principle do we usually use for the existential sentenceConcord in the existential sentence normally complies with the notional principle. The verb agrees with the notional subject.。

自考英语二练习题一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. 词汇题（每题1分，共10分）- 根据句子的语境，选择正确的词填空。

(1) The company has made a significant _______ in the field of technology.A. progressB. processC. projectD. product(2) She is very _______ in her work and always pays attention to details.A. carefulB. cautiousC. considerateD. curious2. 语法题（每题1分，共10分）- 根据语法规则，选择正确的选项。

(1) I don’t think it is necessary to argue about this issue, _______?A. do IB. don’t IC. is itD. isn’t it(2) The meeting _______ for half an hour when I arrived.A. had startedB. has startedC. had been onD. has been on二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

AIn recent years, the popularity of online shopping has surged. People can buy almost everything from clothes to electronics online. However, there are some concerns about the qualityand authenticity of the products purchased online. Some consumers have reported receiving counterfeit goods. To address this issue, many online platforms have implemented stricter quality control measures.问题：(1) What is the main topic of the passage?(2) Why are some consumers concerned about online shopping?(3) What actions have online platforms taken to solve the problem mentioned?BMany people believe that success is the result of hard work and determination. However, some argue that luck also plays a significant role in achieving success. There are countless stories of people who have achieved great things by being in the right place at the right time. While hard work isessential, it is also important to recognize the impact of luck.问题：(1) What is the debate about success according to the passage?(2) What do some people think about the role of luck in success?(3) What is the author’s view on the combination of hard work and luck?三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从括号内选择合适的选项填空，使短文意思连贯。

英语语法自考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The book is believed ________ a bestseller in the coming year.A. to becomeB. becomingC. to beD. being答案：C2. She pretended ________ when I entered the room.A. sleepingB. to sleepC. sleptD. sleep答案：A3. The teacher asked the students ________ in the library.A. not to speakB. to not speakC. not speakingD. don’t speak答案：A4. ________ the problem, the manager held an emergencymeeting.A. To solveB. SolvingC. SolvedD. Having solved答案：A5. I don't think it's a good idea ________ so much time on computer games.A. spendB. to spendC. spendingD. spent答案：B6. The children ________ in the park when it began to rain.A. playedB. are playingC. were playingD. play答案：C7. ________ the truth, he decided to tell his boss everything.A. TellingB. ToldC. To tellD. Having told答案：C8. The house ________ last year is now for sale.A. which builtB. builtC. that was builtD. was built答案：B9. She ________ the window and saw a man walking outside.A. looked throughB. looked atC. looked afterD. looked for答案：A10. The letter ________ I received this morning was from my brother.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. /答案：C二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. She is one of the most ________ students in our class. 填：hard-working12. The ________ of the old building took three months.填：reconstruction13. He is too ________ to understand the problem.填：young14. The ________ of the agreement was celebrated with a dinner.填：signing15. She has a ________ memory for names.填：photographic16. The ________ of the company was discussed in the meeting. 填：future17. He has a ________ for classical music.填：passion18. The ________ of the project was delayed due to bad weather.填：completion19. She is ________ to her work and doesn't notice anything else.填：devoted20. The ________ of the house was damaged in the storm.填：roof三、改错（每题2分，共10分）21. She don’t like to travel by plane.正确：She doesn’t like to travel by plane.22. There’s a lot of works to do before the meeting.正确：There’s a lot of work to do before the meeting.23. We was surprised by the news.正确：We were surprised by the news.24. The boy is playing the guitar since he was five.正确：The boy has been playing the guitar since he was five.25. I couldn’t believe m y eyes when I saw the UFOs landing. 正确：I couldn’t believe my eyes when I saw the UFO land.四、翻译题（每题5分，共20分）26. 这个孩子太小，还不能上学。

英语语法自考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The book is ________ interesting that I want to read it again.A. soB. suchC. veryD. too答案：A2. She is ________ a good teacher that we all like her.A. soB. suchC. veryD. too答案：B3. ________ the weather is fine, we will go out for a picnic.A. BecauseB. SinceC. AsD. For答案：B4. ________ you have finished your homework, you can go outto play.A. BecauseB. UnlessC. IfD. Though答案：C5. ________ he is old, he still works very hard.A. BecauseB. ThoughC. AsD. Since答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）6. The teacher asked us ________ the book yesterday.A. to readB. readC. readingD. reads答案：A7. I ________ my homework when the teacher came in.A. was doingB. didC. am doingD. do8. ________ the meeting, he had to leave early.A. BeforeB. AfterC. DuringD. At答案：C9. The children ________ the kite in the park.A. flyB. are flyingC. flewD. were flying答案：B10. ________ the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.A. BeforeB. As soon asC. AfterD. While答案：B三、改错题（每题2分，共20分）11. She don't like to eat apples.A. don'tB. likeD. apples答案：A12. He isn't go to the park tomorrow.A. isn'tB. goC. the parkD. tomorrow答案：B13. They are playing football in the garden.A. areB. playingC. footballD. in the garden答案：A14. She has been to Beijing two times.A. has beenB. toC. twoD. times答案：C15. I can speak English and French too.A. canC. EnglishD. too答案：D四、翻译题（每题5分，共20分）16. 他昨天没有去学校，因为他生病了。

英语自考语法试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The concert was so exciting that we all stood up and cheered.A) because ofB) in spite ofC) due toD) as a result of2. She has been working in the company for five years, and she has never been late.A) has been workingB) had been workingC) has workedD) had worked3. I would have helped you if I had known about your problem earlier.A) would have helpedB) had helpedC) would helpD) had have helped4. The teacher told us that the sun ______ in the east.A) risesB) roseC) will riseD) had risen5. I don’t think he is the right person for the job, _______?A) is heB) isn’t heC) does heD) doesn’t he二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）6. The children _______ (be) very tired after the long journey.7. She _______ (not go) to the party last night because she was ill.8. If you _______ (be) more careful, you wouldn’t have made so many mistakes.9. _______ (not speak) loudly in the library, please.10. I _______ (be) to Paris twice.三、改错题（每题1分，共10分）11. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever saw.12. He has already finished his homework, didn’t he?13. I would go to the beach if it won’t rain tomorrow.14. She is used to live alone.15. They have been married for ten years.四、翻译题（每题3分，共15分）16. 他每天花一个小时学习英语。

自考英语语法试题及答案1. 选择题1) — Have you seen Linda recently?— No, I ________ her for over a month.a) don't see b) hadn't seenc) haven't seen d) didn't see答案：c) haven't seen2) I called you yesterday evening, but there ________ no response.a) were b) isc) had been d) has been答案：d) has been3) You ________ take an umbrella with you. It might rain.a) ought b) willc) might d) should答案：d) should4) He left the office early ________ attend the meeting.a) so as to b) such toc) in order to d) in order答案：a) so as to5) If you ________ harder, you would have passed the exam.a) have studied b) would studyc) had studied d) studied答案：c) had studied2. 填空题1) Could you please lend me ________ pen? I seem to have lost mine.答案：a2) You should ________ to bed early if you want to get up early tomorrow.答案：go3) ________ you ever ________ to the Great Wall? It's a must-see when you visit Beijing.答案：Have, been4) The weather is cold today, but it will ________ tomorrow.答案：get better5) The actor ________ by the audience as soon as he appeared on the stage.答案：was applauded3. 改错题1) He have seen the movie before, so he didn't want to watch it again.答案：He has seen the movie before, so he didn't want to watch it again.2) You should to be more careful when crossing the road.答案：You should be more careful when crossing the road.3) Neither of them are interested in the proposal that was made.答案：Neither of them is interested in the proposal that was made.4) The dog wagged it's tail excitedly when its owner came home.答案：The dog wagged its tail excitedly when its owner came home.5) The teacher encouraged us to always do our best on exams.答案：The teacher encouraged us to always do our best in exams.4. 完形填空Passage 1:Twenty years ago, I __1__a little village, which was very beautiful and peaceful. There __2__many green fields and high mountains near it. The villager’s houses __3__ very large, but they were all nice. __4__could see flowers and green trees __5__ the houses. The village was not far__6__a river. The water of the river __7__very clean. Many big and small__8__were swimming in it. One day, I took my friends to the village. We__9__in the houses of the villagers. One of the villagers __10__me to his house. In his house, we had a wonderful time.答案：1) a) visit b) feelc) escape d) dislike答案：a) visited2) a) are b) amc) were d) be答案：c) were3) a) was b) isc) were d) are答案：a) were4) a) Anybody b) Anythingc) Somebody d) Everybody答案：d) Everybody5) a) in b) atc) around d) on答案：a) in6) a) to b) fromc) near d) at答案：c) near7) a) is b) arec) were d) was答案：d) was8) a) fish b) dogsc) ducks d) birds答案：c) ducks9) a) are b) stayedc) kept d) went答案：b) stayed10) a) showed b) tookc) escorted d) introduced答案：d) introducedPassage 2:I never __1__ bird-watching before. I __2__ the countryside to see my friend, Sally, and she told me about a nature reserve near her village. She said it __3__a great place to watch birds, so we __4__decided to go there. We __5__ early in the morning and took some snacks for lunch. There__6__a lot of different birds in the reserve. Some of them were very small,and others __7__very big with long wings. I saw a bird __8__pale blue feathers and a red patch on its head. I didn't know __9__ you could see such beautiful birds in England. Sally __10__me the names of some of the birds.答案：1) a) gone b) wentc) go d) been答案：b) gone2) a) got b) getc) have got d) got to答案：a) got3) a) was b) werec) is d) are答案：c) is4) a) soon b) neverc) ever d) always答案：a) soon5) a) woke up b) stayed upc) got up d) met up答案：c) got up6) a) is b) werec) am d) are答案：b) were7) a) is b) werec) am d) are答案：b) were8) a) had b) hasc) have d) having答案：a) had9) a) how b) ifc) that d) where答案：d) where10) a) speak b) speaksc) spoke d) spoken答案：c) spoke通过以上试题及答案，你可以对自考英语语法知识进行复习和巩固。

自考学位英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题1分）1. The company is now focusing on its core _______.A) productsB) goodsC) articlesD) items答案：A2. Despite the heavy rain, the match will go on as _______.A) planB) scheduledC) arrangedD) programmed答案：B3. The new law will _______ the rights of workers.A) ensureB) assureC) guaranteeD) secure答案：C4. She _______ her success to hard work and determination.A) owesB) creditsC) attributesD) assigns5. The teacher asked the students to _______ their books.A) closeB) shutC) shut downD) close down答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇5分）阅读下列短文，然后回答后面的问题。

Passage 1In recent years, the number of people who prefer to work from home has increased significantly. This trend has been driven by advancements in technology and the desire for a better work-life balance. However, working from home also presents its own set of challenges.5. What is the main reason for the increase in remote work?A) Technological advancementsB) Desire for a better work-life balanceC) Both A and BD) Neither A nor B答案：C6. What does the passage imply about working from home?A) It is easy.B) It is popular.C) It has challenges.D) It is a new concept.Passage 2The concept of a "smart city" involves using technology to improve the quality of life for its residents. This includes efficient use of resources, better infrastructure, and improved services. Many cities around the world are adopting this approach to become more sustainable and livable.7. What is the main goal of a smart city?A) To use technologyB) To improve quality of lifeC) To save resourcesD) To build infrastructure答案：B8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a smart city?A) Efficient use of resourcesB) Better infrastructureC) Improved servicesD) Increased pollution答案：D三、完形填空（共20分，每题1分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的选项中选出一个最佳答案。