定语从句概念
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英语定语从句的概念、分类和用法摘要本文主要介绍了英语定语从句的概念、分类和用法。
定语从句是一个句子跟在一个名词或代词后,对这个名词(代词)进行修饰限定的句子,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,两者在意义、标点和发音上有所区别。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种,它们在定语从句中可以作不同的成分,也有一些特殊的用法和限制条件。
本文通过举例、对比等方式,详细解释了各种类型的定语从句的结构、功能和选择原则,帮助读者掌握英语定语从句的基本知识和技巧。
一、什么是定语从句?定语从句是一个句子跟在一个名词或代词后,对这个名词(代词)进行修饰限定的句子,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
例如:The man who is standing over there is Tom. (那边站着的那个人是汤姆)This is the book that I bought yesterday. (这是我昨天买的书)在这两个例句中,who和that都是关系词,它们引导了两个定语从句:who is standing over there 和 that I bought yesterday。
这两个定语从句分别修饰了先行词 man 和 book。
二、定语从句有哪些类型?根据定语从句对先行词的限制程度,可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
2.1 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是指对先行词起到必不可少的限制作用的定语从句,如果去掉这个定语从句,主句的意思就不完整或不明确。
限制性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号分隔。
例如:The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister. (穿红裙子的那个女孩是我妹妹)I like the book that you gave me. (我喜欢你给我的那本书)在这两个例句中,who is wearing a red dress 和 that you gave me 都是限制性定语从句,它们分别指明了先行词 girl 和 book 的具体范围和特征。
初中定语从句语法讲解完整版•定语从句基本概念•关系代词引导定语从句目录•关系副词引导定语从句•介词+关系词引导定语从句•特殊类型定语从句•定语从句在句子中成分和位置•总结回顾与拓展延伸01定语从句基本概念定义与作用定义定语从句是对名词或代词进行修饰、限定的从句,其作用是提供更多关于所修饰词的信息。
作用使句子表达更具体、生动,有助于读者或听者更准确地理解所表达的内容。
前置定语通常将定语从句放在被修饰词的前面,如“漂亮的花园”中,“漂亮的”就是前置定语。
将定语从句放在被修饰词的后面,用逗号隔开,如“花园,漂亮的”中,“漂亮的”就是后置定语。
对被修饰词进行必要的限定,使句子意思更明确,如“我喜欢那本红色的书”中,“红色的”就是限定性定语从句。
对被修饰词进行补充说明,去掉后不影响句子意思的完整性,如“我昨天买了本书,它是关于历史的”中,“它是关于历史的”就是非限定性定语从句。
后置定语限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句结构形式与其他从句区别与名词性从句区别名词性从句在句子中充当主语、宾语等成分,而定语从句则充当定语成分,修饰名词或代词。
与状语从句区别状语从句表达主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因等背景信息,而定语从句则对名词或代词进行修饰、限定。
与同位语从句区别同位语从句对前面的名词进行解释说明,两者处于同等地位;而定语从句则对前面的名词进行修饰、限定,处于从属地位。
02关系代词引导定语从句关系代词种类及用法关系代词种类常见的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等。
用法关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等,连接先行词和从句,起到桥梁作用。
限制性定语从句中关系代词省略情况省略条件在限制性定语从句中,当关系代词在从句中充当宾语时,可以省略。
示例The book (that) I borrowed from the library is veryinteresting. 我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。
定语从句知识点总结简单一、定语从句的概念定语从句是指修饰名词或代词的从句,用来限定或描述这个名词或代词的性质、特征等。
定语从句通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,用以补充说明名词或代词所指的具体内容。
二、定语从句的结构定语从句的结构包括先行词、关系代词或关系副词以及从句三个部分。
1. 先行词:即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,通常在定语从句的前面。
2. 关系代词:在定语从句中起连接作用的代词,包括who, whom, whose, which, that等。
3. 关系副词:在定语从句中起连接作用的副词,包括where, when, why等。
三、关系代词和关系副词的用法1. who/whom/whose:关系代词,用来引导修饰人的定语从句。
例如:The girl who is standing there is my sister.The man whose car was stolen has reported to the police.2. which/that:关系代词,用来引导修饰物的定语从句,which一般只用于非限制性定语从句。
例如:The book which is on the table is mine.The pen that I lost last night is found.3. where:关系副词,用来引导修饰地点的定语从句。
例如:This is the school where I study.4. when:关系副词,用来引导修饰时间的定语从句。
例如:That was the day when we met for the first time.5. why:关系副词,用来引导修饰原因的定语从句。
例如:I don't understand the reason why he left so suddenly.以上是关系代词和关系副词的基本用法,需要根据具体的语境来选择适当的关联词。
定语从句的概念及用法是什么定语从句的概念及用法是什么关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
下面是店铺给大家整理的定语从句的概念及用法简介,希望能帮到大家!定语从句的概念定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。
名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
定语从句用法在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的.有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:This is the boy who often helps me.2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.3.由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,如:Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.The river which is in front of my house is very clean.This is the pen which you want.注意:(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。
n 什么是定语从句?定语从句(Adjective Clause)是英语语法中的一个重要概念。
它是由一个从句构成的修饰性成分,用于进一步描述或限定某个名词或代词(被修饰词)的特征。
定语从句通常用于句子中作为定语,以提供更多的信息。
定语从句的构成:定语从句由一个引导词(关系代词或关系副词)和一个从句组成。
引导词在定语从句中充当连接词的角色,引导从句与被修饰词之间的关系。
常见的引导词有:who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when, why。
例子:- The girl who is sitting over there is my sister.(那个坐在那里的女孩是我的妹妹。
)- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
)在定语从句中,引导词的选择取决于引导从句所修饰的名词或代词的性质和在从句中所充当的角色。
下面是一些常见的引导词的用法和规则:- who/whom/whose: 用于修饰人,who作主语,whom作宾语,whose表示所有关系。
- which/that: 用于修饰人或物,which可作主语或宾语,that通常作宾语。
- where: 用于修饰地点。
- when: 用于修饰时间。
- why: 用于修饰原因。
定语从句的位置:定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰词之后,用于进一步描述或限定被修饰词的特征。
例子:- The house that is painted blue is mine.(那栋被涂成蓝色的房子是我的。
)- The girl who is wearing a red dress is my friend.(穿红裙子的那个女孩是我的朋友。
)需要注意的是,定语从句可以被省略或缩减,特别是当引导词在从句中作为宾语时。
这种情况下,引导词可以省略或缩减,并且从句的谓语动词可以改为不定式或动名词形式。
定语从句概念和关系词介绍定语从句概念和关系词介绍定语从句概念和关系词介绍一、定语从句的概念定语从句是指在复合句中,修饰限定某一名词或代词的从句。
例如:You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.上面例句中的the house就是后面定语从句所修饰或限定的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
二、关系词(连接词)引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词:that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose) 和关系副词where, when, why。
关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时还做定语从句的一个成分。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有that、which、who、whom、whose,其中whom引导的是宾格,whose引导的是所有格。
2.that与which的用法区分1)只能用that,不能用which作为定语从句关系代词的情况a)当先行词由不定代词anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等代替时,关系代词只能用that而不能用which 。
例如:There is nothing that I can dob)先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时例如:The last place that I visited was the hospital.c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级。
例如:This is the first composition that he has written in English.d)先行词既有人,又有物时例如:He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.2)只用which不用that的情况a)引导非限定性定语从句时例如:The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介词后用which例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.3.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的`先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
定语从句知识点总结详细一、定语从句的概念定语从句是一种对名词起修饰或限制作用的从句,它通常由关系词引导,用来进一步说明先行词的情况、属性或特征。
在句子中充当形容词,对名词进行修饰。
二、定语从句的用法1. 修饰名词定语从句通常用来修饰名词,对名词进行进一步的解释或者描述。
例如:The book that you recommended is very interesting.(你推荐的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 限制名词定语从句还可以作为限制性定语从句,用来对名词进行限定。
例如:I want to buy the pen which is on the table.(我想买桌子上的那支笔。
)三、定语从句的结构定语从句通常由关系代词或者关系副词引导,加上从句。
关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等,关系副词有when, where, why等。
从句的结构可以是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句通常用来修饰人或物,其结构如下:that(指人或物)which(指物)who(指人)whom(指人)whose(表所有关系)2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句通常用来修饰时间、地点、原因等,其结构如下:when(指时间)where(指地点)why(指原因)四、定语从句的关键词1. thatthat通常用来指代人或物,可以用来引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,常用于口语和书面语中。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)2. whichwhich通常用来指代物,可以用来引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,常用于口语和书面语中。
例如:I like the dress which you are wearing.(我喜欢你穿的那条裙子。
定语从句(完整版)定语从句是用关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,它的作用是修饰主句中的名词性成分,相当于形容词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词,常用的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose、as等,而关系副词则有where、when、why等。
关系词有三个作用,即引导定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
需要注意的是,关系代词有主语和宾语之分,其中whom通常作为宾语。
定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,它可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语来担任,甚至可以由一个句子来担任。
在汉语中,我们通常用“……的”表示定语。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语;而短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
限定性定语从句有两种形式,一种是由关系代词引导的,另一种是由关系副词引导的。
关系代词that既可代表事物也可代表人,which则只能代表事物。
在从句中,that和which可以作主语或宾语,而that在从句中作宾语时常常可以省略关系词。
如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面,但有些例外。
需要注意的是,代表物时多用which,但在带有特定词语的句子中,如anything、everything、nothing、none等不定代词时,或者是由every、any、all、some、no、little、few、much等修饰时,应该使用that而不是which。
此外,当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时,或者先行词中既有人又有物时,也应该使用that,而不是which。
4.Who and whom are used to introduce clauses that modify people。
serving as the subject and object of the clause respectively。
高一英语语法归纳总结 ----定语从句的归纳一.几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词) 。
﹙ 1 ﹚关系代词: that/who/whom/which/as﹙ 2 ﹚关系副词: when/where/why5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后) 。
【as 除外】6.引导词的功能(作用):﹙ 1 ﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙ 2 ﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语) 。
7.定语从句的类型:﹙ 1 ﹚限定性定语从句。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you ’re talking to is my friend.② 由介词+关系代词( whom/which )引导The man to whom you ’re talking i s my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.﹙ 2 ﹚非限定性定语从句。
高中定语从句知识点归纳一、定语从句的概念定语从句是在句子中起定语作用的句子。
它修饰主句中的某个名词或代词,被修饰的名词、代词叫先行词,定语从句总是放在先行词之后,且引导定语从句的关联词必须放在定语从句之首。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.(玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.(位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
)3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。
who和whom作宾语时也可省略。
例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.(经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
)4.whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
一、定语从句的概念在复合句中做定语;修饰某一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句..被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词;定语从句一般放在先行词的后面;由关系词引导..定语从句的结构是:先行词+关系词+定语从句..二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词;常见的关系代词包括tha t; which; who;whom; whose等;关系副词包括where; when; why等..关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用;同时又作定语从句的重要成分..主语和宾语等Eg: 1. Do you know the boy that/whois from Japan. 主语2. I don’t like the book that/ which is boring. 主语3.I don’t know the time when we will start.状语三、学习关系代词that; who; which; whose的用法1. Do you know t he boy that/who is from Japan. 主语2. the man that/who I talked withjust now is my teacher. 宾语3. I don’t like the book that/ whichis boring. 主语4. The bike that/ which I borrowed yesterday is Kangkang’s. 宾语5. I have a pen whose color is black. 定语6. I know the boy whose father is a teacher. 定语练习Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that; which; who; whom填空..1. The thing ______you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in thewest.3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much h elp from their friends.4. The house _____we live in is very old.5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now四、关系代词只能用that的情况:1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰;或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时;只能用that.例如:He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人..2.当先行词为all;any;much;everything;anything;none等不定代词时;只能用that.例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗3.先行词被the only; the very; the same; the last等词修饰时;只能用that.例如:This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车..4.先行词里同时含有人或物时;只能用that.例如:I can remember well the personsand some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片..5. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句;为避免重复;只能用that.例如:Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁单项填空..1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father-Yes; he’s our headmaster.A. heB. whoC. whichD. whom2. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. it3. Can you lend me the dictionary ______last weekA. that you boughtB. you bought itC. that you bought itD. which you bought it4. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hand s.A. which agreesB. who agreeC. that agreesD. which agree5. the only thing ______I can do for him is give him somehelp.A. thatB. itC. whichD. who6. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gateA. who’sB. whoseC. thatD.of which.7. The girl ______ is reading under thetree _____my sister.A. which; isB. whom; wasC. who; isD. who; was9. I love places ______the people are really friendl y.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who宾语从句与定语从句的区别宾语从句的引导词有that; if/whether 以及疑问词代词what; whic h; who; whose; 和疑问副词how; when; where; why.学习宾语从句要注意的是引导词;语序;时态主是现在时;从句可以是任何时态;而主句是过去时;从句则用相应的过去时..定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有:that; whic h; who;whom;whose 关系副词有:where; when; why学习定语从句注意的是先行词; 关系词的选择; 关系词在从句中做主语;宾语;表语的句子成分..。
定语从句一·概念定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,用作定语修饰主句的某个名。
1三要素:先行词,关系词,从句2关系词:关系代词有that人/物, which物, who人, whom人宾格, whose人/物, as人/物关系副词有where地点, when时间, why原因状语绝对没有whatIs he the man who/that wants to see you?主He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.宾They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 指人=of whom(宾格)Please pass me the book whose (of which) color is green.指物=of whichA prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside作主语I can’t foeget the days which/that we spend together. 做宾语I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 时间状语The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 地点状语注意:关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语等关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致关系副词在从句中作地点状语,时间状语,原因状语等关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... whichwhen=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)3关系词作用:①连接作用,引导定语从句②在定语从句中充当一句子成分③代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句4定从句种类:限定性定语从句——对先行词解释I can’t foeget the days which/that we spend together.非限定性定语从句——对先行词不是解释而是补充说明, that/why不能引导非定从句He faild the exam ,which made his parents angry. 二注意问题1.先行词指物时只用that不用which的情况(熟记)a)先行词是anything, everything,sth,none There is still much to be doneb)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰The first place that they visited was the park.This is the most beautiful city that I have been too.d)先行词中既有人又有物时e)整个句中前面已有which,who,时f)当先行词为物并作表语时The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years agog)There be句型中只用that不用which.h)先行词被the only,the very,the same,any,little等修饰时This is the very book that I want.2.作宾语时that,which,who,whom可以省略3. as,which引导非限定定语从句①as 可放在主句之前中后,which只能放在主句之后As is known to all, China is a developing country.He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe②as,which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子He married her, as/which was natural. He was honest, as/which we can see.③定语从句such…as …的区别:as在所引导的定语从中作主语,宾语;that在结果状语从句中不做成分He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. 宾语He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one. 不做成分④当定语从句是复合宾语时用which不用asTom always tells lies,which his parents find strenth.⑤否定结构中用which表示否定He passed the exam,which we hadn’t expected.The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it 答案B。
初中英语语法:定语从句一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that 作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
定语从句一、概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词分为:关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词有:who, that,whom, whose, which等;在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;常见的关系副词有:where,when,why等;在从句中作状语。
三、关系代词的用法所作成分:先行词:人;先行词:物主语:Who,that ;Which,that宾语:Who,that.whom ;Which,that定语:whose ;whose总结:1.当先行词是人时:关系代词who和that既可以作主语,又可以作宾语,而且作宾语时可以省略;2.其中whom只作宾语;3.当先行词是物时:关系代词which和that既可以作主语,又可以作宾语,而且作宾语时可以省略;4.whose 既可以指人,也可以指物;that既可以指人,也可以指物。
Eg:01.Do you know the girl who/that often comes here?(作主语)02.The girl who/that/whom I spoke to is my daughter.(作宾语)03.The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.(作主语)04.The book which/that you bought for me is very interesting.(作宾语)05.whose既可以指人,也可以指物;在从句中作定语,形式为“whose+名词”表所属关系,即谁的、、、、、、。
Do you know the singer whose name is Wang feng?I live in a house whose windows face south.四、介词+which /whom引导的定语从句(1)当介词位于定语从句末尾时,可用which/that(指物);who/that/whom(指人)作从句中介词的宾语,关系代词可以省略。
2024年中考英语满分冲刺之易错题轻松突破易错点01 定语从句定语从句概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。
定语从句的构成:先行词+关系词+定语从句如:I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.↓ ↓ ↓先行词引导词从句(定语从句)关系词的选用关系代词指代在定从中所作成分例句which物主语宾语Lucy likes music which is gentle.that人、物主语宾语Lucy likes music that is gentle.The girl that has long hair is his sister.who人主语宾语The girl who has long hair is his sister.whom人宾语He is the student that/who/whom I like best.whose人的、物的定语I like those books whose topics are about history.注意:关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略,作主语时不能省略如:The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。
The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。
1.(2023·西藏·统考中考真题)Su Bingtian is a player ________ runs fastest in China at present.A.which B.who C.what D.where【答案】B【详解】句意:苏炳添是目前中国跑得最快的运动员。
定语从句---关系代词的用法一、定语从句概述1.定义:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。
它所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2.构成:先行词+关系词+定语从句关系词作用:连接主句和从句; 指代先行词; 在从句中充当句子成分。
3.分类:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句。
4.关系词关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词: when, where, why关系代词的具体用法见下表:关系代词先行词在从句中所做的成分that 人、物主语、宾语、表语which 物主语、宾语who 人主语、宾语whom 人宾语whose 人、物定语as 人、物主语、宾语、表语二、关系代词的用法1. that指人也可指物, 在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。
The number o f people that come to visit this city each year re ache s one million.每年来游览这座城市的人的数量达到了100万。
(指人, 作主语)This is the suitcase (that) she is lo o king fo r.这就是他在找的那个手提箱。
(指物, 作宾语)2. which指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
They ignored the details which might account for the accident.他们忽略了那些或许可以解释事故发生原因的细节。
(作主语)3.who指人, 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
We are concerned about people who have suffered a lot in the earthquake.我们为在地震中遭受重创的人们担心。
(作主语)Danny was the man (who) we rescued from the ruins.丹尼正是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
定语从句和同位语从句的比较分析一、定语从句的概念和特点定语从句是一种形容词性从句,它用来修饰或限制一个名词或代词,称为先行词。
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,构成一个复合名词结构。
例如:The man who is talking to my father is a famous writer.(定语从句who is talking to my father修饰先行词man)This is the book that I bought yesterday.(定语从句that I bought yesterday修饰先行词book)Those who were against the plan raised their hands.(定语从句who were against the plan修饰先行词those)定语从句通常由一个关系代词或关系副词来引导,它们除了起连接作用之外,还要在从句中充当一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等。
常见的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等,常见的关系副词有when, where, why等。
例如:The girl who is singing is my sister.(关系代词who在从句中作主语)The teacher whom you are looking for is in the room.(关系代词whom在从句中作宾语)The car whose color is red belongs to him.(关系代词whose在从句中作定语)The reason why he was late for class is quite clear.(关系副词why在从句中作表语)Do you remember the day when you joined our club?(关系副词when在从句中作状语)二、同位语从句的概念和特点同位语从句是一种名词性从句,它用来说明或补充前面一个抽象名词的具体内容,称为同位名词。
定语从句概念(一)定义1)在复合句中(一个句子的某一成分由句子承当),修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句;在句中起定语的作用.2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词关系代词定语从句2) You must do everything that I do.先行词关系代词定语从句(二):关系代词的作用;1.连接主句和从句。
2.代表被修饰的先行词。
3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。
eg. This is the room which I lived in last year.先行词关系代词定语从句(三):定语从句中有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as.关系副词 when, where, why 等引导定语从句。
(四):用关系代词还是用关系副词关系代词起代词的作用,关系副词起副词的作用,因此同样的先行词,选用什么样的关系词,要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用来决定。
关系代词词行先行词充当成分who 人主、宾、表Whom 人宾That 人&物主、宾、表Which 物主、宾、表As 物主、宾Whose=of whom\of which 人&物定语关系副词When=at\in\on\during which 时间状Where=at\in\to which 地点状Why=for which 原因状that 在口语中可以代替关系副词以上三者状This is the place ?where we work.(vi.) (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的) This is the place which we visited. (vt. )种类先行词关联词例句说明定语从句(人)在从句中做主语或宾语(物)在从句中做主语或宾语whowhichThis is the doctor who saved the boy’s life .这就是救了孩子生命的医生。
She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you .她就是我要介绍给你的新学生Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
The novel which T om bought is very interesting.汤姆买的小说很有意思。
Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗?who在从句中做主语whom在从句中做宾语,口语中who可以代替whom,也可以被省去,但做介词宾语时只能用whomwhich在从句中做主语。
which充当宾语时可以省去。
which做介词宾语不可省定语从句人或物的whoseThe professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。
The professor, the daughter of whom teaches you English is Dr. Williams.The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。
=The bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired whose在从句中做定语指某人的也可以用…of whom代替whose指物时也可以用…of which 代替 whose人或that The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。
I’d like to see the films that are just on show.我想看那些刚上映的电影。
that指人做主语that指物做主语种类先行词关联词例句说明物all, little much和some,any every ,no 构成的合成代词人或物 thatthatThey talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remember in the school.他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事,谈了大约有半个小时。
I’ll tell you all(that )I know about it .我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?有什么我可以帮助做的事吗?I’ve brought everything (that )you need.我把你需要的东西都拿来了。
This is the best film that I have seen .这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
The first place that we’ll visit is Beijing Library.我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆先行词分别表示人和物,关系代词要用that,不用who或which先行词表示物,关系代词用that不用which, 在从句中做宾语可省去。
如果先行词是人时,关系代词不受制约,用that或who (whom)均可先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时定语从句用that引导。
定语从句人或物that He is the only person that is believable.他是唯一可靠的人。
John is the very person that she wants to see.约翰正是她要见的人。
Who is the man that is talking with Tom ?正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁?Which of the books that you bought is easy to read?你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。
先行词被the only, the very,the same 等修饰时用关系代词that.当主句以who、which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句要用that 时间whenHe came at a time when we. needed him most.他在我们最需要的时候来了。
We’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。
在定语从句中作时间状语注:先行词是time, minute, moment, next time很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。
地点where This is the room where he put up for the night.这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。
在定语从句中作地点状语原因理由why I know the reason why she studies so well .我知道她学习好的原因。
在定语从句中作原因状语This is the place ?where work.(vi.) (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的) This is the place which we visited. (vt. ) (五):限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。
从句只是对先行词的附加说明,如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人who (that) whom指物which (that)人和物whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who(作主语)whom (做宾语)指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子限制性非限制性形式上无逗号有逗号内容上先行词不是唯一的先行词是唯一的,定语从句可有可无。
关系词可用that ,why.作宾语可以省略不可用that ,why。
关系词一律不省。
先行词名词或代词名词或代词,也可以使整个句子汉语翻译译作定语译成并列句1.二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。
非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。
He has a brother who is a physicist.He has a brother, who is a physicist. (只有一个)He returned all the books which are written in English.He returned all the books, which are written in English.I will wear no clothes which will be out of ordinary.I will wear no clothes, which will be out of ordinary.The man who lives next door is a doctor.My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.I’m sure I know the person who served me.Tom, who served us, is the owner of the restaurant.A student who studies hard will make good progress.The student, who lives far from school, is the leader of their football match.(六)关系代词that和 which的区别<1>.只能用that的情况(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ,few.等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。