最新高考英语定语从句知识点
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高考英语定语从句考点整理概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句“三要素”1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词:引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词:在从句中做主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略)2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。
【导语】⽔滴⽯穿,绳锯⽊断。
备考也需要⼀点点积累才能到达好的效果。
为您提供⾼考英语定语从句知识点,巩固所学知识并灵活运⽤,考试时会更得⼼应⼿。
快来看看吧!【篇⼀】⾼考英语定语从句知识点 概念引⼊ 欣赏含有定语从句的名⾔: Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face. 笑是太阳,它从⼈们的脸上赶⾛冬天。
Don’t trust the first sign that you see. 不要相信你看见的第⼀个迹象。
All is not gold that glitters. 发光的未必都是⾦⼦。
Nothing is impossible to the man who has will. 世上⽆难事,只怕有⼼⼈。
God helps those who help themselves. ⾃助者天助。
【篇⼆】⾼考英语定语从句知识点 ⼀、定语从句的功⽤和结构 在复合句中,修饰某⼀名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫做先⾏词,定语从句必须放在先⾏词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. 这是他给我的⽣⽇礼物。
Do you know everybody who came to the party? 你认识来宴会的每⼀位吗? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. 这是⽑主席曾经居住的地⽅。
⼆、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体⽤法 1. who 指⼈,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
I prefer singers who can write their own lyrics. 我更喜欢能写⾃⼰歌词的歌唱家。
These are musicians who make us happy. 这些是能让我们⾼兴的⾳乐家。
英语语法高中定语从句知识点归纳总结定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用。
在高中英语学习中,掌握定语从句的使用方法和规则对于提高语言表达能力和理解能力非常关键。
本文将对高中英语定语从句的知识点进行归纳总结。
一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一个句子,它修饰一个名词或代词,用来给出更多的信息,进一步描述或限定该名词或代词的特定内容。
定语从句可以用来修饰人、事、物、地点等。
它在句子中的作用是为主句提供更多的信息,使句子更具体、更有表达力。
二、定语从句的引导词1.关系代词:定语从句中常用的关系代词有:- 人:who,whom,whose- 物:which,that,whose- 人或物:as,where,when2.关系副词:定语从句中常用的关系副词有:- 地点:where- 时间:when- 原因:why三、定语从句的基本结构定语从句的基本结构为:关系代词/副词 + 主句。
其中,关系代词或副词在定语从句中担任主语、宾语、表语或定语的作用。
四、定语从句的几个常见类型1.限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行进一步的限定,它的信息是先行词不可或缺的一部分。
限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词that,也可使用which或who。
例子:The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。
2.非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句用来对先行词进行附加说明,它的信息只是对先行词的附加补充,可以省略而不影响句子的整体意思。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,通常使用关系代词which,也可使用who。
例子:The weather, which was sunny and warm, made our picnic very enjoyable.天气晴朗温暖,使得我们的野餐非常愉快。
高考英语定语从句用法及注意事项一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom指人在从句中作宾语whose指人或物在从句中作定语as指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名词2、as的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as;so…as;thesame…as;as…as注意:thesame…as表示同一类,不同一个thesame…that表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用andthis来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above, asmightbeexcepted,asisoftenthecase,一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为all,much,everything,nothing,something,anything,nothing,none,theo ne等不定代词时。
2、先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very,right等修饰时。
3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
5、当先行词是数词时。
定语从句相关知识点总结一、定语从句的概念。
1. 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
- 例如:I like the book which/that is very interesting. 其中“book”是先行词,“which/that is very interesting”是定语从句,用来修饰“book”。
二、关系代词的用法。
1. that.- 既可以指人也可以指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- 当先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时,关系代词用that。
- 例如:All that can be done has been done.(先行词是“All”,关系代词“that”在从句中作主语)- 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that。
- 例如:This is the best film that I have ever seen.(先行词“film”被最高级“the best”修饰,关系代词“that”在从句中作宾语,可省略)- 当先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时,关系代词用that。
- 例如:This is the very book that I want.(先行词“book”被“the very”修饰,关系代词“that”在从句中作宾语)2. which.- 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- 例如:The book which/that is on the desk is mine.(“which/that”在从句中作主语);I like the book which/that you lent me.(“which/that”在从句中作宾语)- 在非限制性定语从句(从句与主句之间用逗号隔开)中,只能用which,不能用that。
2023年高考英语重点:定语从句用法分析一、定语从句的定义:定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.定语从句的连接词:连接代词:who、which、whom、whose、that连接副词:when、where、why二、定语从句只用that不用which情况:1、非限制定语从句中,指物只能使用关系词which不使用that。
2、在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能使用关系词which,不能使用that。
3、which还可以用作关系限定词,后跟名词,that则不能这样用。
四、定语从句中只能使用关系词that不能使用which的情况主要有:1、当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时,要用that,不用which,作宾语时可以省去。
2、当先行词被形容词的最高级形式所修饰时,要用that,不用which,作宾语时可以省去。
3、当先行词被序数词或the very,the only,the last修饰时,要用that,不用which,作宾语时可以省去。
4、当先行词被the same修饰时,用that表示同一件物品,用as表示相类似的一件物品,不能用which。
5、当先行词既指人又指物时,只能用that,不能用which。
6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语是,只能用that,也可以省去,不能用which。
7、为避免与which重复使用时,要用that。
五、定语从句中that的用法(1)不用that的情况(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b) 介词后不能用。
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—定语从句定语从句---基础篇一、定语从句(一):1. 定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3. 关系词:引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that、which、who、whom、whose、as、where、when、why等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
二、定语从句(二):1. 先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下,只能用that 不用which。
1). 当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时,只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you.2). 当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时,只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for.3). 先行词被序数词修饰时,只能用that。
This is the first textbook ______ I studied in the middle school.4). 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.5). 先行词既有人也有物时,只能that。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.2. 先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下,只能用which不用that。
高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的用法定语从句是英语中常见的一种从句。
它用来对主句中的名词或代词进行修饰和限定,使语言更加精确和具体。
本文将对高中英语中关于定语从句的用法进行归纳总结。
一、定语从句的概念定语从句是一个以关系词引导的从句,修饰或限定前面的名词或代词,起到进一步解释、补充信息的作用。
关系词包括:who、whom、which、whose、that等。
二、定语从句的引导词1. 关系代词who指代人,whom在从句中做宾语,which指代物,可以指代整个主句或从句中的一个成分,that既可以指人也可以指物。
2. 关系副词where表示地点,when表示时间,why表示原因。
三、定语从句的位置1. 当修饰主句中的主语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之后。
例句:The boy who is playing football is my brother.(正在踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。
)2. 当修饰主句中的宾语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之后。
例句:I bought a book which was written by J.K. Rowling.(我买了一本J.K.罗琳写的书。
)3. 当修饰主句中的宾语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之前。
例句:I saw the girl whom I met yesterday.(我看到了昨天遇到的那个女孩。
)四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句用来对名词进行修饰和限定,如果去掉不影响主句的完整性。
被从句修饰的名词不能省略。
例句:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(昨天我买的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 非限制性定语从句用来对名词进行陈述和补充说明,去掉会影响句子的意思和完整性。
被从句修饰的名词可以省略。
例句:Tom, who is a doctor, works in a hospital.(汤姆是个医生,在一家医院工作。
【篇一】高考英语定语从句知识点概念引入欣赏含有定语从句的名言:Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.笑是太阳,它从人们的脸上赶走冬天。
Don’t trust the first sign that you see.不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。
All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子。
Nothing is impossible to the man who has will.世上无难事,只怕有心人。
God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。
【篇二】高考英语定语从句知识点一、定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.这是他给我的生日礼物。
Do you know everybody who came to the party?你认识来宴会的每一位吗?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.这是毛主席曾经居住的地方。
二、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
I prefer singers who can write their own lyrics.我更喜欢能写自己歌词的歌唱家。
These are musicians who make us happy.这些是能让我们高兴的音乐家。
People who eat a balanced diet are healthier.平衡饮食的人是健康的。
2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?你认识我们在门口遇到的那个年轻人吗?Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.你想见的李先生已经来了。
3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. 她妈妈病了的那个女孩今天呆在家。
I know the boy whose father is a professor.我认识他的父亲是教授的那个男孩。
4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 字典是给单词释义的一本书。
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.这是老师昨天提到的那本书。
5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
I prefer music that has great lyrics. 我喜欢具有优美歌词的音乐。
Carmen likes mu sic that’s loud. Carmen喜欢大声的音乐。
I like music that I can dance to. 我喜欢能伴舞的音乐。
6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我从来不会忘记我们工作在农场的那个时光。
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.在我离开的那天他到的北京。
7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。
This is the house where we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的那个房子。
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.他的父亲工作的工厂是在城市的东边。
三、关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。
关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词可作状语。
1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说话多做事少的人。
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.在湖北省生产的汽车销量好。
2. 作宾语She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.她是我昨天在校门口遇到的那个人。
The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.我奶奶给我的那本书叫做《胜利大逃亡》。
3. 作定语:关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语。
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男士叫什么名字?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.她的父亲是一位老师的那个女孩学习非常努力。
4. 作状语I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.我从来不会忘记我第一次来北京的那天。
This is the house where I was born.这是我出生的那个房子。
四、具体使用时还要注意下列问题:1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:1)先行词被序数词或形容词级所修饰,或本身是序数词、形容词级时,只能用that,而不用which。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
2)被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which。
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?在商店里你有什么东西要买吗?3)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。
This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
4)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
5)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?6)主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
2. 只能用which,不用that的情况:1)先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.What’s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?2)关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
3)引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.Tom came back,which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
3. 关系代词 whom,which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 或 which 放先行词后,而将介词置于定语从句的后面。
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.=That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.那是我们居住了十年的房子。
【篇三】高考英语定语从句知识点I. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。
1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.___________________________________________2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college._____________________________________________3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there._____________________________________________4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her just now._____________________________________________5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day._____________________________________________6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us._____________________________________________7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle._____________________________________________8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week._____________________________________________9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science._____________________________________________10. I spoke to the man. The man is a singer._____________________________________________II. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。