定语从句——介词关系代词介词关系代词定语从句
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导语:定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句⾸。
下⾯是店铺给⼤家整理的定语从句五种句式的相关内容,希望能给你带来帮助! 定语从句五种句式 ⼀、限定性定语从句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表⼈,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
⽽且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,⽽且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时,根据先⾏词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先⾏词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多⽤which,但在带有下列词的句⼦中⽤that⽽不⽤which,这些词包括all, anything, much 等,这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句⽤来修饰⼈,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词,⽤来表⽰地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表⽰时间 [注]值得⼀提的是,表⽰时间“time"⼀词的定语从句只⽤when引导,有时不⽤任何关系代词,当然也不⽤that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或nothing时,常⽤there is来引导 ⼆、⾮限定性定语从句: ⾮限定性定语从句的作⽤是对所修饰的成分作进⼀步说明,通常和主句间⽤逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成⽴ 1. which引导的⾮限定性定语从句来说明前⾯整个句⼦的.情况或主句的某⼀部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. ⼈们对⽩⽇做梦的态度正在改变,这与⼈们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有⾮常相似之处。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句_介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词引导定语从句时,关系代词常用 which (指物) whom(指人),即介词+which/whom。
1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词which或whom不能省略。
He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of which had t been cleaned for at least a year.他付给那个男孩10美元擦洗10扇窗户,这10扇窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。
In the dark street, there wasn t a single person to whom she couid turn.在黑暗的街道上,她没有一个可以求助的人。
定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句的末 which (指物),that/whom/who (指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
This is the hero that/who/whom/(可省略) we are proud of.这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。
This is the pen that/which/(可省略) I I wrote the letter with.这是我写信时用的那支钢笔。
【温馨提示】①有些动词+介词的固定词组不可把介词置于关系代词前。
这就是我正在找的磁带。
[误]This is the right tape for which I m looking, [正]This is the right tape that I m looking for.②常见的不可拆开的动词词组有:care for 喜欢,关心deal with 处理,对付get through 通过;到达;接通电话hear from/of 收到某人的来信/听说look for/after寻找/照顾send for派人去请see to照管,料理3.复合介词短语+关系代词which 引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句(一)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式,这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。
关系代词前该选用什么样的介词,要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。
一.介词选择的主要标准1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree towhich they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。
( to a degree ) The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be athief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。
( tell sb. about sb./sth. )The English play in which my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。
( in the play )The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认,并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。
( be trainedfor the job )2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁? ( shake hands with sb. ) Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from上个月,东南亚的部分 effects the people are still suffering. whose地区发生洪水,人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句介词加关系代词引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体。
直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that,直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句1.由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体,在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。
如:This is the man to whom I referred.我指的就是这个人。
This is the man whom I referred to.我指的就是这个人。
2.直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that,直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。
但若介词用于句末,则用作宾语的which,whom也可换成that,who,或者省略。
如:这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。
This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.which不能换成that,也不能省略This is a subject which we have talked about a lot.这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。
which可以换成that,也可以省略3.关系副词when,where,why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。
如:That is the day when[=on which]he was born.那就是他出生的日子。
That is the house where[=in which]he lived.那就是他住过的房子。
That is the reason why[=for which]he must apologize.那就是他必须道歉的原因。
4.在很正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。
如:在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。
正:There the children had a garden in which to play.很正式正:There the children had a garden in which they could play.较正式正:There the children had a garden to play in.较口语化注:这类“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构中的介词不能没有,也不能放在句末。
代词+介词+关系代词引导定语从句代词+介词+关系代词引导定语从句在中文语法中,代词、介词和关系代词引导的定语从句都是非常常见的语言现象,它们在句子中扮演着非常重要的角色。
本文将逐步深入探讨这三个语法要素在句子中的作用,以及它们之间的关系。
一、代词的作用代词是用来代替名词的词语,它可以在句子中指代先行词,使得句子表达更加简洁清晰。
在中文中,代词的使用非常灵活,不同的代词可以指代不同的名词,并且在句子中可以处于不同的位置。
在句子“我买了一本书,它非常有趣。
”中,“我”和“它”分别是人称代词,用来指代书的买主和书。
代词的使用丰富多彩,极大地丰富了句子的表达方式。
二、介词的作用介词是一类用来表示名词、代词或动词与其他成分之间关系的词语。
介词通常位于名词或代词之前,其后常常跟随宾语,从而构成介词短语。
在句子中,介词可以表示时间、地点、原因、方式等多种关系,起到连接和衔接句子成分的作用。
“在”、“上”、“下”、“对”等都是常见的介词,它们可以丰富句子的表达,使句子更加丰富多彩。
三、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词是引导定语从句的一类代词,常见的有“的”、“的话”、“之”等。
定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的句子,用来对先行词进行进一步的描述和限定。
在句子中,关系代词引导的定语从句起到非常重要的修饰作用,丰富了句子的表达方式,使得句子更加具有逻辑性和连贯性。
四、代词+介词+关系代词引导定语从句的综合运用代词、介词和关系代词引导的定语从句在句子中常常是密切相关的。
它们可以相互搭配使用,共同构成复杂的句子结构,丰富了句子表达的层次和深度。
“我对你说的那本书非常感兴趣。
”中,“我”是代词,“对”是介词,“说的”是关系代词引导的定语从句,三者共同构成一个复杂的句子结构,使得句子更加丰富多样。
个人观点和理解代词、介词和关系代词引导的定语从句在中文句子中的运用非常灵活多样,它们共同构成了丰富多彩的句子结构。
通过合理的搭配和运用,可以使句子更加具有表达力和逻辑性。
引导定语从句的“ 介词+ 关系代词” 结构在英语中,由“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性和非限制性定语从句十分常见。
但是,不少人在阅读和翻译时对此结构往往感到困惑。
以下从五个方面对此结构进行探讨。
一.“介词+ 关系代词” 结构中的关系代词用来引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有who,whom,whose,which,that等。
而这些关系代词能在定语从句中作宾语的只有whom,which和that三个。
这三个关系代词也能在从句中作介词的宾语,但是,that作介词宾语时,介词不可放在that之前,只能放在从句中原来的位置上,因此,“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词实际上只有whom和which两个。
例如:The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.马克思不大有把握的两方面是语法和某些习惯语。
He had a bad cold, because of which he didn't attend the meeting.他得了重感冒,因此而未能参加会议。
There are 30 students in our class,of whom 25 are league members.我们班里有学生30人,其中25人是团员。
The person to whom I spoke just now is the postmaster.我刚才跟他讲话的那个人是邮政局局长。
有时,我们可以见到“介词+where"引导定语从句的例子。
例如:,from where he His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windowscould see nothing but trees.他的头很快从二楼的一个窗口外显露出来,从那儿,除了树木他什么也看不见。
定语从句之—介词+关系代词词The Attributive Clause关系代词的用法;在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that ,which ,who ,whom ,whose 。
考查重点定语从句定语从句是中考必考考点之一,主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序,有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。
阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。
因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。
关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。
命题趋势引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等关系副词包括where, when, why等根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句:紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句:主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
关系代词:who、that、whom、whose、which 做作主主语做宾语语1)指人:who/that 指物:which/that 2)指人:who/whom/that/省略指物:which/that/省略► The man who/tha t spoke at the ► The building which/that is ► I visited a scientist whose name is known all over themeeting is from Hong Kong.会上发言的人来自香港。
定语从句——介词关系代词介词关系代词定语从句定语从句——介词+关系代词
根据表达意思的需要,定语从句有时需要以适当的介词开头。
此时,如果被定语从句所修饰的先行词表示的是除人以外的词,定语从句由“介词,which”引导。
如果被定语从句所修饰的先行词表示的是人,定语从句则要由“介词,whom”引导。
例如: The bag in which there are some books is mine. 里面装有一些书的那只包是我的。
The girl about whom we often talk is coming tomorrow. 我们常谈起的那个女孩明天来。
在使用该类定语从句时,我们要注意以下几点:
1. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,介词可以放在关系代词前或从句中有关动词后。
介词放在从句中谓语动词后面时,whom/which可以省略,也可以
用that替换,whom还可以用who替换。
例如:
Great changes have taken place in the village in which I once lived. 我曾经住过的那个村庄发生了巨大的变化。
(关系代词前)
Great changes have taken place in the village (which/that) I once lived in.(动词后,which/that可省略)
2. 在一些固定搭配的短语中,若将动词和介词分开,意思就会发生变化,所
以该介词只能放在从句中的谓语动词后。
例如:depend on,get along with,look after,look forward to,take part in等。
例如:
The boy (whom / who) I’m looking af ter is my neighbor. 我正在照顾的那个男孩是我的邻居。
3. 当先行词是way时,关系代词可以用that或in which,也可以省略。
例如:
t like the way (that/in which) he talks to me. 我不喜欢他跟我说话的
方式。
I don’
4. 介词的选取要根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配或根据先行词的特殊用法来确定。
例如:
The money with which I bought a computer was given by my mother. 我用来买电脑的钱是我母亲给的。
The tree under which there are many flowers was planted ten years ago. 下面有许多花的那棵树是10年前种的。
The day on which I went to Beijing was May 1st. 我去北京的那天是五月一日。
练习
1. In the dark street,therewasn’ta single person ____ she could turn for help. A. that B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
2. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard. A. of whom B. which
C. about that
D. who
3. He paid the boy $10 for washing windows, most of ____
hadn’tbeencleaned for at least one
year.
A. these
B. those
C. that
D. which
4. The factory ____ they worked lies in the mountains.
A. which
B. that
C. in which
D. with that
Grammar Focus
5. My parents will come here with Mike, _____ is new.
A. the car of whose
B. his car
C. the car of his
D. of whom the car
6. This is the shop _____ I bought my jeans last week. A. in where B. when
C. where
D. of which
7. The man _____ I talked yesterday is my English teacher. A. with who B. with whom
C. who
D. whom
8. Please show me the book _____ there are many interesting pictures.
A. on which
B. about which
C. in which
D. for which
9. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for since last year.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. that
10. The farm _____ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday. A. when B. where
C. in that
D. what
-5DADCD 答案1
6-10 CBCDB。