Consistency Management in Object-Oriented Databases

Process SolutionsHoneywell’s C300 controller provides powerful and robust control for the PlantCruise by Experion® platform. With the C300 and the Control Execution Environment,customers can improve engineering productivity and maintenance, maximize process uptime, and reduce production costs.At the core of the C300 in PlantCruiseis Honeywell’s field-proven deterministic Control Execution Environment (CEE) core software. The CEE provides a superior control execution and scheduling environment. Control strategies are configured and loaded through Control Builder, an easy to use and intuitive engineering tool.The C300 controller hardware offers unique space saving, installation, and maintenance benefits consistent with its innovative Series 8 form factor.The C300 is optionally redundant, requiring no additional hardware other than an identical second hardware module.The ‘designed-vertical’ C300 controller provides a superior control execution and scheduling environment.With the C300 controller, customers can:• Improve engineering productivity with a rich set of function libraries and a seamless and intuitive user environment, • Maximize process uptime and minimize maintenance effort with robust diagnostics and full hardware redundancy, and, • Reduce production costs with flexible and efficient control strategies, on-process migration, and efficient hardware processing power.Easy Control Strategy Creation through Rich Function LibrariesThe Control Execution Environment function blockssupport:• Continuous Control • Logic Based Control • Sequential Control • Model Based ControlEach function block contains a rich set of predefined features, such as alarm limits and priorities, various control algorithms, and maintenance statistics, all of which are configurable parameters. Function blocks are linked together in Control Modules to perform specific control tasks, which provide a foundation for efficient control engineering.Embedded functionality guarantees consistent control strategyexecution and delivers consistent alarming and operations behavior. This consistency reduces operator errors and saves implementation time by eliminating the need to develop low-level basic functions.The CEE fully supports the ISA S88.01 batch standard and integrates sequences with devices. The devices will track the state of the sequences and perform pre-configured actions based on those sequences. This reduces the implementation and complexity of handling abnormal situations. The SCMs support abnormal handling, recipe parameters, and on-line monitoring of the execution through chart visualization.One Seamless Environment through Easy Data CommunicationParameters provide access to every imaginable piece of information in the controller. This data can be used throughout the Experion system, whether for other control strategies or for operator purposes. For example, in custom displays, parameters such as setpoints or outputs can be historized and used in trend views. The engineer does not need to know where the information resides. Instead, he can just reference it, and the system manages the underlying logistics of that information. The system will notify the user based on the status information associated with the value and take appropriate action when required.Each parameter is also protected from accidental changes through a security access level, and certain parameters can only be changed off-line. Communication is based on report- by-exception and publish-subscribe, making efficient use of communication bandwidth by accessing data only when needed and avoiding duplication.Consistent and Predictive Behavior Makes Engineering and Maintenance EasierThe C300 CEE supports an execution period per control strategy, ranging from 50 msec to 2000 msec. The user can make changes to existing or add new control strategies without interrupting other control strategies executed by the controller. The user has full control over the function block execution order within the control strategy and the execution order of multiple control strategies. Control strategies can be easily moved between control environments by using the convenient drag-and-drop feature within Control Builder. Easy and Intuitive Engineering EnvironmentControl Builder is the control engineering and maintenance tool for the Control Execution Environment, and improves the control engineer’s productivity by simplifying configuration with a graphical user interface and predefined function blocks ready for wiring into a specific control strategy. The control engineer can enable and change standard function block features without the need to build these from the ground up. The control strategy can be documented with embedded objects such as text, documents or web-links.Online Monitoring Is Available to the Engineer and OperatorOnce control strategies are created and loaded to the C300 controller, the engineer can monitor the strategy on-line using the same graphical interface. This is helpful for verifying a control strategy or for troubleshooting a process problem. The control or maintenance engineer can directly modify parameters from the engineering environment without needing an operator interface. Controller Based Model Predictive Tuning with ProfitLoopProfit Loop is Honeywell’s patented algorithm that provides a single input / single output model-predictive function block that is included in the standard C300 controller function block library. It has the operating simplicity and computational efficiency of a standard PID function block, yet provides tight, robust control, increasing process stability by up to 30 percent. Profit Loop creates a simple model of the process to predict the effect of control moves on the process (controlled) variable. Because Profit Loop can anticipate future process behavior, the controller knows exactly how much to move the process to meet the desired control objectives. Profit Loop incorporates the best elements of both traditional PID algorithms and the model-based control and optimization technologies of Profit Controller at the regulatory level.For More InformationTo learn more about how Honeywell’sPlantCruise by Experion C300 Controller can improve plant performance, visit our website or contact your Honeywell account manager. Honeywell Process Solutions Honeywell1250 West Sam Houston Parkway South Houston, TX 77042Honeywell House, Arlington Business Park Bracknell, Berkshire, England RG12 1EB Shanghai City Centre, 100 Junyi Road Shanghai, China 20051 Custom Algorithm Blocks Custom Algorithm Blocks (CABs) are similar in purpose and structure to native function blocks included with Control Builder. These blocks have predefined algorithms and data structures. By contrast, Custom Algorithm Blocks have user defined algorithms and data structures. CABs are developed using Visual Basic integrated into Control Builder.The C300 controller supports the execution of CABs in Experion LX. CABs can greatly reduce the effort required to create complex control strategies that require the robust control environment offered by the C300.Investment ProtectionHoneywell is committed to protecting customer investments by supporting and integrating previous control products. Consistent with this philosophy, the Control Execution Environment, which holds the user application, is platform- independent. This allows the user to make use of new, more powerful hardware platforms when they become available, while retaining the specific user application.PN-13-16-ENG February 2014© 2014 Honeywell International Inc.。

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What UX content affected the Object Migration User Guide? The IBM T RIRIGAAP-P-lication Platform 3 Object Migration User G uide [3.6.0 PDF] provides information about moving customized applications from one platform environment to another. Migrating objects > Object migration overview> Object types Exporting objects > Object export overview > Object migration export tips Exporting objects > Object finder search parameters Exporting objects > Specifying objects to add to the export package > Adding UX objects to an export package Importing objects > ComparingNew object types that are supported ■Application ■Object Label ■Web Component New paragraph You can select the Application or Web Component object type to search for and add applications or web components to your export package. By default, all metadata that is related to the application or web component, including dependent metadata, is automatically selected for inclusion in the package. You can use the search parameters to limit the dependent data. New tip: Dictionary Record Data Use the Globalization Manager instead of Object Migration to export and import Dictionary (triDictionaryEntry) record data. If you choose to use Object Migration, make sure to remove existing Dictionary records from the target environment before you import the package that contains your Dictionary records. The Dictionary record name is mapped from a control number. The control number sequence in the source environment might not match the sequence in the target environment; therefore, duplicate records might occur on import. New content for the Module parameter (underlined) This parameter does not display for the object types AP-P-lication, Budget Token, Document, Form Style, Group, Module, Navigation Collection, Navigation Item, Portal, Portal Section, and Web ComP-onent. New content for the Modified By (User) parameter (underlined) The supported object types for this parameter are AP-P-lication, Business Object, Document, Form, Group, Module, Navigation Collection, Navigation Item, Query, Record Data, Web ComP-onent, and Workflow. New content for the Object Label parameter Filter the search to objects that contain a specific object label. This parameter displays for the object types All, Application, Business Object, Form, Module, Report, Web Component, and Workflow. When All is selected, only Application, Business Object, Form, Module, Report, Web Component, and Workflow objects are searched, as they contain object labels. The objects that are not labeled are not searched. This parameter searches only for the objects that currently contain the object label. In Object Label Manager, the Labeled Objects tab for the object label definition contains not only objects that currently have the label but also objects that previously had the label. New topic: Adding UX objects to an export package You can select the A pplication or Web Component object type to search for and add UX applications or web components to your export package. About this task By default, when you select Search, all metadata that is related to the application or web component, including dependent metadata, is automatically selected for inclusion in the package. An Include Dependents check box is displayed when the search completes and the search results contain applications or web components. The check box is selected by default. If you want to limit the dependent data such as Queries, Business Objects, and Workflows in the package, deselect the Include Dependents check box. Then, use the search parameters to search for and add the dependent data that you want. UX dependents of applications andweb components, such as Models and Data Sources, are always included at the time you export the package.The Include Dependents check box is displayed only if your search results containapplication or web component object types. It is only with these object types that dependent data can be automatically selected for inclusion in a package. If your search contains other objects that are not associated with an application or web component, the Include Dependents check box has no bearing on those objects. For those objects, you must use the standard method of using Find Dependencies to locate and add the dependent data that you want. If you select the Application or Web Component object type and add a search term to the Object Name field and select Search, the term is cleared after the results are displayed. The term is cleared so that all dependent objects that are associated with the application or web component are selected, not only those objects whose name contains the term. If you want to go back to your search criteria, select Back.。

事务四⼤特征：原⼦性，⼀致性，隔离性和持久性（ACID）
事务四⼤特征：原⼦性，⼀致性，隔离性和持久性。

1. 原⼦性（Atomicity）
⼀个原⼦事务要么完整执⾏，要么⼲脆不执⾏。

这意味着，⼯作单元中的每项任务都必须正确执⾏。

如果有任⼀任务执⾏失败，则整个⼯作单元或事务就会被终⽌。

即此前对数据所作的任何修改都将被撤销。

如果所有任务都被成功执⾏，事务就会被提交，即对数据所作的修改将会是永久性的。

2. ⼀致性（Consistency）
⼀致性代表了底层数据存储的完整性。

它必须由事务系统和应⽤开发⼈员共同来保证。

事务系统通过保证事务的原⼦性，隔离性和持久性来满⾜这⼀要求; 应⽤开发⼈员则需要保证数据库有适当的约束(主键，引⽤完整性等)，并且⼯作单元中所实现的业务逻辑不会导致数据的不⼀致(即，数据预期所表达的现实业务情况不相⼀致)。

例如，在⼀次转账过程中，从某⼀账户中扣除的⾦额必须与另⼀账户中存⼊的⾦额相等。

3. 隔离性（Isolation）
隔离性意味着事务必须在不⼲扰其他进程或事务的前提下独⽴执⾏。

换⾔之，在事务或⼯作单元执⾏完毕之前，其所访问的数据不能受系统其他部分的影响。

4. 持久性（Durability）
持久性表⽰在某个事务的执⾏过程中，对数据所作的所有改动都必须在事务成功结束前保存⾄某种物理存储设备。

这样可以保证，所作的修改在任何系统瘫痪时不⾄于丢失。

外文文献翻译：原文+译文文献出处：Gunasekaran A. The study of purchasing process management information system[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2016, 1(2): 29-45.原文The study of purchasing process management information systemGunasekaran AAbstractThe definition of process management is a set of creating value for customers, interrelated, the activities of the relationship between input and output combinations. Specification of the operation of the enterprise's process is on the business can be constantly summarize and curing excellent experience in business operations. Made the enterprise work efficiency is higher, the cost is lower, create a product or service quality more good, to gain more customer satisfaction. Combining with the latest process management theory and ideas, design the procurement process architecture and process management system, the application of industry in the process of benchmarking management tool, to solidify and auxiliary process management, process management and IT tools were discussed by the process of ascension in helping the business management level, and at the same time comparative analysis of several commonly used industry process management tools, for the enterprise procurement process change management to provide reference and basis. Keywords: purchasing management; process management; the information system1 IntroductionTo customer demand as the guidance of the build process type organization; Carding the business process in a process management way, according to the hierarchical classification process management ideas, building the business process monitoring management, performance evaluation and the closed loop management system, internal control auditing protect health of the whole process running, high efficiency and low cost. In guaranteed, on the basis of organization and Process system, and then based on the integration (P2A, Process To the Application ProcessTo the Application system), the mechanism of using ARIS tools To build information integrated Process management platform, To effectively support the business Process of efficient operation and management, at the same time can adapt To the continuous improvement of business Process optimization and IT system on the synergy. In the real sense, the research significance of this article embodied in two aspects: first, the implementation of business process management for the enterprise to provide reference and guidance for the construction of process management system. From the process management system, rules, the design, the pilot, push, monitoring, evaluation and improvement of the whole life cycle process management and process management and department in the process of the organization and management of the combination of introduction and discussion, lets the enterprise process management ideas and methods to get more detailed understanding. At the same time, the analysis of the problems in the process of the whole also can make the enterprise before the implementation of process management ready to more fully. Second, in the process management system to provide the reference and guidance on building, enterprise to obtain competitive process to adapt to the market, the integration of supply chain enterprise, enterprise's process must continuous improvement. In this way, the process becomes dynamic, across the organization, and full of flexibility. Business process management system using the unified visual process modeling tool to business process of abstracting, can the enterprise complicated business flow synchronization application logic separation, improves the flow process of flexibility. Such rapid construction of system, can satisfy the continuous improvement of the enterprise, and thus gain a competitive edge for the enterprise. Thirdly, based on the research of the purchasing process management and architecture, for domestic enterprises how to establish purchasing management system and purchasing process architecture construction for reference, at the same time from the research problems in the process of discussion, help enterprise thinking and avoid problems in the process of building, better service to the development of the enterprise.2 Literature reviewIf there is a suitable leader and the appropriate business management tools, and aclear transparent industry value chain model, and the model is able to adjust for differences in some condition, the enterprise can be based on the global market competition. Enterprises in the implementation of its operating strategy, need to set up a flexible business process, at the same time also need to have a can turn process optimization and process innovation management concept in the information system. The best business solutions are the process configuration to the application system, build process-oriented, suitable organization, and reduce the interface between business processes and the external. Business process management covers the entire value chain of enterprise management, is across organizational process management and control of a concept and method. Business Process Management (BPM, Business Process Management) which is very wide, from the Process analysis and optimization, transformation, and to such as software system implementation, so that the Process of automatic determination of the execution, control and evaluation index, all belong to the category of BPM. Business flow management is, as it were, a cycle management, only to keep the loop unobstructed, can make the enterprise constantly adapt to market changes. Can be found through the analysis of BPM and make full use of enterprise and the customer (and the customer's customer) and suppliers (and suppliers) of processes across the enterprise boundaries between the potential to save cost and increase efficiency. Business process management is to improve the foundation of enterprise competitiveness and ability to innovate, it directly affects the production process, product innovation, quickly enter the market, etc.), manufacture and service process (customer orientation, marginal benefit/profit, quality, etc.), the support process (less management costs, higher employee satisfaction, etc.) as well as the management and control process (change management, strategy, etc.).From the perspective of process management concept is: there is thought that create customer value and enterprise, the enterprise process is creating value for customers, excellent business process, can achieve the success of the enterprise, excellent process operation depends on excellent process management. To sum up, the meaning of the process management of enterprise, is to simplify and improve the company's business process system, and make it more agile response to customer demand, expand theroutine management, reduce the exception management, improve efficiency, plugging loopholes, enables the enterprise to gradually into the operational excellence.Earlier with the gradually development of IT technology, EAI (enterprise application integration), process modeling, process optimization, workflow technology evolved into the business process management. Business process management technology lies in process modeling, process analysis, process simulation to the development of three aspects. Around the business process analysis technology as the center of the research, the main representative is: a person thousands of activity-based cost analysis method in the activities of business process reengineering model and analysis of the application of auxiliary activities, as well as li-hua huang from the change of management thinking, based on the process of information technology and optimization based on analysis of information flow in the process of hyper graph three aspects proposed the six rules of process optimization. Around the business process modeling technology and the development of a lot of modeling technology.Business process management system is usually refers to the technical implementation of business process management, business process management system for process management of enterprise value choice must implement the following functions: independently managing resources, information and the ability to process, and can realize the function allocation and combination; Have the ability to measure the impact of business changes and process management system can provide better than before the change of business process information; The ability to achieve business rules and business change quickly, process management system can help business managers to react more quickly to deal with the business of change; Keep the consistency of the integrity of business processes and information; So the process is not simply a technical management system, through the process management system components research, we can more clearly understand.3 Purchasing management researchProcurement refers to the way in addition to the purchase to obtain goods or services, also can make items in the following ways to use, to achieve the goal ofmeet the demand. General procurement main ways are: exchange, lending and leasing. The function of purchasing in large enterprises is not only purchasing department internal or buyer; also composition is an important part of enterprise supply chain as a whole. Procurement in accompanied by the emergence and spread of the integration of logistics management, its operation process itself is no longer a simple transaction oriented, its core concept should be extended to the supplier to build strategic alliances, sharing information system effectively, and promote global local procurement.Basic types of procurement organization consisted of a mixed type purchasing organization and cross-functional procurement team, centralized purchasing organization, dispersible purchasing organization. Hybrid purchasing organization, in some of the major manufacturing enterprises, at the company level there is a company purchasing department, however, independent business unit of strategic and tactical purchasing activities. Cross-functional team is a relatively new form of organization, purchasing a new purchasing organization USES a single point of contact with suppliers (commodity group), is provided by the team for the entire organization on the requirements of the integration of all components. Centralized procurement organization structure, the company has a central purchasing department level, including work mainly include: the company's procurement experts in strategic and tactical level of operation; Product specifications set centrally; Supplier selection strategy; to prepare and negotiate the contract with suppliers. Dispersible purchasing organization is an important characteristic of each business unit responsible persons responsible for own financial consequences.With the rapid development of information technology, IT, and changes in today's global economy, the status of purchasing management in the business management activity is more and more important. Simple is summarized and the trend of the development of procurement management, procurement will be from simple pure trading buy and sell to "reasonable purchasing" development, namely choosing the right product, at the right price, in the right time, with the right quality and through the appropriate suppliers. Enterprise organization structure also gradually to thedevelopment of functional and ability, which can accurately locate on the market value of procurement, to obtain products and services effectively. Mainly embodies in the following three trends: one, strategic sourcing, and supplier to build strategic alliance, a long-term common development with technology, diverse and complex market environment in the future for enterprises in the first stand firm foundation, can have exceptional value. Second, e-commerce, purchasing will increasingly rely on the Internet, rapid, real-time access to various global suppliers, market information such as price, quantity, at the same time also can get more purchasing data, tries to study the value of the data itself, on the purchasing management also has far-reaching significance. Three, strategic cost management: as technology, equipment and other fields gradually reduce, reduce the cost of space and procurement in the position to reduce the cost of the also more and more obvious, and the enterprise's strategic cost management, the entire supply chain of each link only together to reduce costs, to achieve a "win-win".译文采购流程管理信息系统研究Gunasekaran A摘要流程管理的定义就是一组为客户创造价值的，有相互关联的、有输入输出关系的活动组合。

eng的练习题一、选择题1. Which of the following is not a programming language?A. PythonB. JavaC. HTMLD. Photoshop2. What is the correct syntax for declaring a variable in Python?A. variable = valueB. value = variableC. value == variableD. value = value3. What does HTML stand for?A. Hyper Text Markup LanguageB. Home Tool Markup LanguageC. High-level Text Markup LanguageD. Hyperlinking Text Markup Language4. What is the result of the following code snippet?for i in range(5):print(i)A. 0 1 2 3 4B. 1 2 3 4 5C. 0 1 2 3D. 0 1 2 3 55. Which of the following is not a data type in Python?A. StringB. IntegerC. BooleanD. Floating二、填空题1. Java is a _________ language.2. CSS stands for _________.3. The output of 3 + 5 * 2 is _________.4. The capital of France is _________.5. True or False: HTML is a programming language.三、简答题1. What is the difference between a function and a method in programming?2. What is the purpose of using conditional statements in programming?3. Explain the concept of inheritance in object-oriented programming.4. How do you handle errors or exceptions in code?5. Briefly describe the MVC architectural pattern.四、编程题1. Write a Python program to calculate the sum of all numbers from 1 toa given number. The program should take a user input for the number.2. Write a Java program to find the factorial of a number using a loop.3. Create a HTML form with fields for name, email, and message. Use CSS to style the form and add validation for the email field.五、问答题1. What is the importance of comments in code? Provide an example where comments can be useful.2. How can you optimize the performance of a website or web application?3. What is the role of a database in a web application?4. Explain the concept of "scope" in programming.5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a framework in development?六、阅读理解请阅读以下代码，并回答后续的问题：```pythondef calculate_average(numbers):total = 0for num in numbers:total += numaverage = total / len(numbers)return averagenumbers_list = [4, 6, 8, 2, 10]average_result = calculate_average(numbers_list)print(average_result)```1. What does the above code do?2. What is the output of the code?3. How would you modify the code to calculate the sum of the numbers instead of the average?七、实践题根据你所学到的知识，选择一个编程语言（比如Python、Java、C++等），完成一个简单的项目或实现一个小功能。

软件工程练习题1、考察在你所编写的软件中已经出现的故障。

辨别并列出那些导致每个故障的缺陷和错误。

2、描述你早上去上课或者上班的过程，并画一个图来表达这个过程。

3、静态模型和动态模型的区别是什么？并说明每种模型的作用和用途。

4、按照工作分解结构描述获得学位(学士的、硕士或博士的)的过程。

画出过程的活动图。

什么是关键路程？5、预测产生一个估计值E，该估计值最终将与实际值A进行比较。

设计两个可由E和A计算得到的值，用以帮助确定估计值的准确性。

定义这两个值，并论述每个值怎样用于告诉我们某个预测是可接受的。

6、描述两种不同的规模度量（方法），并且指出每种的优点和缺点。

7、大部分系统的需求详细说明了系统应该做预期要做的工作。

这种需求是不是也说明了系统不应该去做没有预期要做的工作？如果你的答案是no，为什么；如果答案是yes，举一个例子。

8、下列陈述中描述了程序的模块（假设的）。

对于每一个模块，判断该模块是否可能有高的或低的内聚。

如果是低内聚，请解释原因。

a.模块“InventorySearchByID”查询清单记录，看是否匹配指定范围的ID号。

返回一个包含任何匹配的记录的数据结构。

b.模块“ProcessPurchase”移除清单中已购买产品，为客户打印收据并更新日志。

c.模块“FindSet”处理用户的要求，确定了一系列的满足要求的项目清单，并以可以向客户展示的格式列出来。

9、把设计划分为系统设计和程序设计两个阶段为什么很有用？10、假如你正在做一个书店的运营系统，书店的收入来源自两个不同的服务：顾客买书，顾客把自己的书拿来重新装订，要为两个服务设计两个不同的类，这两个类都是继承于“销售项目”这个类，这样做可能的好处是什么？在这个例子中有没有可能的原因不允许继承？详尽描述什么因素会影响你的决定。

11、在6.7中讨论了Chidamber和Kemerer的继承深度的度量，为什么一个继承层次深的类要比一个继承层次相对浅的类看起来更难理解和维护？12、解释设计和实现之间的关系。

it面试题库及答案IntroductionWith the rapid development of information technology, the demand for IT professionals has been increasing. As a result, IT interviews have become a crucial step in the hiring process. To succeed in an IT interview, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of commonly asked questions and well-prepared answers. This article aims to provide a detailed IT interview question bank along with sample answers.1. Technical Questions1.1 Programming Languages1.1.1 What is the difference between Java and Python?Java and Python are both popular programming languages but differ in various aspects. Java is a compiled language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), while Python is an interpreted language. Java is mainly used for enterprise-level applications, while Python is known for its simplicity and readability. Additionally, Java requires explicit declaration of data types, while Python uses dynamic typing.1.1.2 What is object-oriented programming?Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes software design around objects that represent real-world entities. It emphasizes the concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. OOP allows for modular and reusable code, making it easier to maintain and expand software systems.1.2 Database Management1.2.1 What is the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases?SQL (Structured Query Language) databases are relational databases that store and manage structured data in tables with predefined schemas. They are suitable for complex queries and transactions. NoSQL (Not only SQL) databases, on the other hand, are non-relational databases designed for handling large amounts of unstructured or semi-structured data. They provide flexible schemas and horizontal scalability.1.2.2 What is ACID in database management?ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) is a set of properties that ensure reliability and consistency in database transactions. Atomicity guarantees that a transaction is treated as a single unit of work, either fully completed or fully rolled back if any part fails. Consistency ensures that the database remains in a valid state before and after a transaction. Isolation prevents interference from concurrent transactions, and Durability guarantees that once a transaction is committed, its changes are permanent.2. Behavioral Questions2.1 Problem-Solving2.1.1 Describe a challenging technical problem you encountered and how you resolved it.2.1.2 Give an example of a time when you had to work under pressure to meet a tight deadline. How did you handle it?2.2 Communication Skills2.2.1 Explain a complex technical concept to someone without a technical background.2.2.2 Describe a situation where you had to communicate and collaborate with a team to solve a problem.3. Sample Answers1.1.1 Java and Python differ in their execution models and use cases. Java is a compiled language that runs on the JVM, allowing for high performance and platform independence. It is commonly used for building enterprise-level applications. In contrast, Python is an interpreted language known for its simplicity and readability. It is widely adopted in web development, scientific computing, and data analysis due to its ease of use and extensive library support.1.1.2 Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a software development paradigm that focuses on modular and reusable code. It organizes software design around objects, which are instances of classes representing real-world entities. OOP emphasizes encapsulation, where data and methods are bundled together within objects. It also enables inheritance, allowing classes to inherit attributes and behaviors from parent classes. Polymorphism, another key concept in OOP, allows objects to take on many forms and exhibit different behaviors based on the context. OOP enhances code reusability, maintainability, and scalability.2.1.1 In my previous role, I encountered a challenging technical problem where a critical database server went down, causing a major disruption inour production environment. I promptly identified the root cause, which was a disk failure. To resolve the issue, I replaced the faulty disk and restored the database from the latest backup. However, to minimize the downtime, I implemented a backup server configuration and utilized a replication mechanism to keep the data synchronized. This solution ensured both data integrity and high availability.2.1.2 Working under pressure to meet tight deadlines is a common occurrence in the IT industry. In one instance, I received a project with an unexpectedly shortened timeline due to unexpected client requirements. To handle the situation, I immediately prioritized the tasks, focusing on critical components and breaking down the project into manageable subtasks. I communicated with the team, delegating responsibilities and ensuring everyone was aware of the new timeline. By working overtime, maintaining constant communication, and efficiently managing resources, we successfully met the deadline without compromising the quality of the deliverables.2.2.1 Complex technical concepts can be challenging to explain to non-technical individuals. To overcome this, I often use analogies and relatable examples to help them grasp the idea. For instance, when explaining encryption, I compare it to sending secret messages using a lock and key. I describe how encryption algorithms scramble data (message) using a key (like a lock), making it unreadable to unauthorized parties. Only someone with the correct key can decrypt (unlock) and access the original message. This simplifies the concept and allows non-technical individuals to understand the fundamentals of encryption.2.2.2 Collaboration and effective communication are vital in solving complex technical problems. In a recent project, our team encountered a challenging software bug that affected the system's stability. To overcome this, we organized regular meetings to discuss and share ideas. Each team member had a specialized area of expertise, so we collaborated closely, actively listening to each other's suggestions and insights. By pooling our knowledge and skills, we successfully identified the root cause and implemented a comprehensive solution. This experience highlighted the importance of teamwork and effective communication in problem-solving.ConclusionThe field of information technology is vast and evolving, and IT interviews are designed to evaluate candidates' technical knowledge, problem-solving abilities, and communication skills. By familiarizing yourself with common IT interview questions and crafting thoughtful answers, you can increase your chances of success. Remember to adapt your answers based on your own experience and expertise. Good luck with your upcoming IT interviews!。

The Organization of Information（信息组织）_南京大学中国大学mooc 课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.When handling resource heterogeneity, the best way to prevent problems ofscope and scale is through standardization.参考答案:正确2.The amount of resource description is always shaped by the currentlyavailable technology for capturing, storing, and making use of it.参考答案:正确3.All resources in a collection require the same degree of description.参考答案:错误4.Personal and cultural categories and organizing systems are highly biased.And creatinginstitutional categories using more systematic processes canprevent them from being biased.参考答案:错误5. A category is a group, collection, category, or set sharing characteristics orattributes.参考答案:错误6.The organizing principles of organizing systems depend on ____.参考答案:The types of domains being organized_The types of resources_Thepersonal, social, or institutional setting7.We can unpack the degree of organization into three dimensions, including______.参考答案:The overall extent to which interactions in and between organizing systems are shaped by resource description and arrangement._The amount of organization of resources into classes or categories._The amount of description detail or organization applied to each resource.8.Which of the following is the fundamental interaction in any collection ofresources?参考答案:Access9.Which of the following “Category Categories” has flexible boundaries?参考答案:Cultural categories10.Wisdom is the ability to solve problems. It is not unique to human beings.参考答案:错误11.The organization principles and ways are same in different fields.参考答案:错误12.Which description about “Resource” below is NOT true?参考答案:A resource must be a physical thing.13.Which of the following is the bottom layer of the DIKW model?参考答案:Data14.Which of the following can NOT be thought of as an organizing system?参考答案:The piles of debris left after a tornado15.What is the ultimate purpose of organizing?参考答案:Creating capabilities16.The expected lifetime of the organizing system is the same as the expectedlifetime of the resources it contains.参考答案:错误17.Big data collections are often large, so their scale is their most importantchallenge from an organizing system perspective.参考答案:错误18.Which of the following is the central discipline of Knowledge Organization inits narrow sense?参考答案:Library and Information Science19.Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Knowledge Organization?参考答案:Focus on the latest software program20.Which description about “knowledge” is NOT true?参考答案:Tacit knowledge is much more easily shared than Explicit knowledge.21.How many key actions should we focus on when create a knowledgemanagement plan?参考答案:622._____ and _____ are two main types of knowledge.参考答案:Tacit knowledge_Explicit knowledge23.Which of the following ways can be used to test information integrity on theInternet?参考答案:Credibility_Authorship_Objectivity_Timeliness24.Knowledgebases attempt to capture almost every imaginable Tacitintellectual asset that an organization possesses.参考答案:错误25.The effective date of resources is the moment they are created.参考答案:错误26. A resource can only have one identifier.参考答案:错误27.Which of the followin g descriptions about “Passive Resource” are NOT true?参考答案:Passive resources serve as verbs that cause and carry outactions._Passive resources initiate effects or create value on their own.28.For information resources, we more often distinguish domains based on______properties.参考答案:semantic29.The distinction of Resource Format is most important in________.参考答案:Resource storage or preservation30.Which of the following is usually the most important property of informationresources?参考答案:Content31.Which of the following is NOT in Dublin Core Metadata Element Set ?参考答案:Author32.It is a real problem if your organizing system is only designed for yourselfwith a limited lifetime.参考答案:错误33.Backwards traceability includes what is the implementation design of thisrequirement.参考答案:错误34.Most of the specific decisions that must be made for an organizing system arestrongly shaped by the initial decisions about its domain, scope, and scale.参考答案:正确35.The scope of a collection largely determines the extent and complexity of theresource descriptions needed by organizing principles and interactions. The impact of broad scope arises more from the _________ of the resources in acollection than its absolute scale.参考答案:Heterogeneity36.Which of the following is the dominant factor in the design of an organizingsystem?参考答案:The scope of a collection37.In organizing systems that contain digital resources, the logical boundarybetween the resources and their interactions is clear and it is easy todistinguish the interactions supported by the organizing system.参考答案:错误38.Sampling is important when large numbers of resources need to be selectedto satisfy functional requirements. A good sample for statistical purposes is one in which the selected resources are very different in the important ways from the ones that were not selected.参考答案:错误39.Libraries often emphasize intrinsic value, scarcity, or uniqueness as resourceselection criteria.参考答案:错误40.The specifications that guide selection are precise and measurable for anyresource.参考答案:错误41.When resources are unique or rare, organizing activities typically occur afterselection takes place.参考答案:正确42.The purpose of Selection is determining wheth er resources are “Fitness foruse”.参考答案:正确43.Which of the following is FALSE about descriptive statistics?参考答案:Range and Mode are commonly used measures of central tendency.44.Which of the following is the most fundamental decision for an organizingsystem?参考答案:Determining its resource domain。

Spring中的事务管理实例详解本文实例讲述了Spring中的事务管理。

分享给大家供大家参考。

具体分析如下：事务简介：事务管理是企业级应用程序开发中必不可少的技术，用来确保数据的完整性和一致性事务就是一系列的动作，它们被当作一个单独的工作单元。

这些动作要么全部完成，要么全部不起作用事务的四个关键属性(ACID)①原子性(atomicity):事务室一个原子操作，有一系列动作组成。

事务的原子性确保动作要么全部完成，要么完全不起作用②一致性(consistency):一旦所有事务动作完成，事务就被提交。

数据和资源就处于一种满足业务规则的一致性状态中③隔离性(isolation):可能有许多事务会同时处理相同的数据，因此每个事物都应该与其他事务隔离开来，防止数据损坏④持久性(durability):一旦事务完成，无论发生什么系统错误，它的结果都不应该受到影响。

通常情况下，事务的结果被写到持久化存储器中Spring中的事务管理作为企业级应用程序框架，Spring在不同的事务管理API之上定义了一个抽象层。

而应用程序开发人员不必了解底层的事务管理API，就可以使用Spring的事务管理机制。

Spring既支持编程式事务管理，也支持声明式的事务管理编程式事务管理：将事务管理代码嵌入到业务方法中来控制事务的提交和回滚，在编程式事务中，必须在每个业务操作中包含额外的事务管理代码声明式事务管理：大多数情况下比编程式事务管理更好用。

它将事务管理代码从业务方法中分离出来，以声明的方式来实现事务管理。

事务管理作为一种横切关注点，可以通过AOP方法模块化。

Spring通过Spring AOP框架支持声明式事务管理。

Spring事务的传播属性：当事务方法被另一个事务方法调用时，必须指定事务应该如何传播。

例如：方法可能继续在现有事务中运行，也可能开启一个新事务，并在自己的事务中运行。

事务的传播行为可以由传播属性指定。

Spring定义了7种传播行为：Spring支持的事务传播行为传播行为含义PROPAGATION_MANDATORY 表示该方法必须在事务中运行，如果当前事务不存在，则会抛出一个异常PROPAGATION_NESTED 表示如果当前已经存在一个事务，那么该方法将会在嵌套事务中运行。

如何进行Java中的事务管理引言：事务管理是软件开发中非常重要的一部分，它能够确保数据库操作的一致性和完整性。

在Java开发中，事务管理是一个常见的需求，尤其是在涉及到数据库操作的场景中。

本文将介绍Java中的事务管理的基本概念、常用的事务管理方式以及一些实践经验。

一、事务管理的基本概念事务是一组数据库操作的逻辑单元，它要么全部执行成功，要么全部回滚。

事务具备以下四个特性：原子性（Atomicity）、一致性（Consistency）、隔离性（Isolation）和持久性（Durability）。

1. 原子性（Atomicity）：事务中的所有操作要么全部成功，要么全部失败回滚。

2. 一致性（Consistency）：事务执行前后，数据库的状态保持一致。

3. 隔离性（Isolation）：多个事务并发执行时，每个事务都应该感觉不到其他事务的存在。

4. 持久性（Durability）：事务一旦提交，对数据库的修改就是永久性的。

二、事务管理方式Java中有多种事务管理方式，下面介绍几种常用的方式。

1. 编程式事务管理编程式事务管理是通过编写代码来实现事务管理的方式。

开发人员需要手动在代码中控制事务的开始、提交和回滚。

这种方式的优点是灵活性高，可以根据具体需求进行细粒度的事务控制。

但是，缺点是代码侵入性强，事务管理逻辑和业务逻辑混杂在一起，增加了代码的复杂性和维护成本。

2. 声明式事务管理声明式事务管理是通过配置来实现事务管理的方式。

开发人员只需要在配置文件中声明事务的属性，框架会自动根据配置来管理事务。

这种方式的优点是代码简洁，不需要手动编写事务管理代码，减少了代码的复杂性。

缺点是灵活性相对较低，只能进行粗粒度的事务控制。

3. 注解式事务管理注解式事务管理是通过注解来实现事务管理的方式。

开发人员只需要在需要进行事务管理的方法上添加注解，框架会根据注解来管理事务。

这种方式结合了编程式事务管理和声明式事务管理的优点，既可以进行细粒度的事务控制，又能够减少代码的复杂性。