山西省运城市康杰中学2018届高考模拟(一)理综试卷(含答案)

山西省运城市康杰中学2018届高考模拟（二）理科综合物理试题二、选择题：本题共8小题。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14～17题只有一项符合题目要求，第18～21题有多项符合题目要求。

1. 一摩托车在竖直的圆轨道内侧做匀速圆周运动，人和车的总质量为m，轨道半径为R，车经最高点时发动机功率为P0、车对轨道的压力为mg，设轨道对摩托车的阻力与车对轨道的压力成正比，则A. 车经最低点时对轨道的压力为mgB. 车运动过程中发动机的功率一直不变C. 车经最低点时发动机功率为3P0D. 车从最高点到最低点的过程中，人和车重力做功的功率不变【答案】C2. 一静止的铀核放出一个粒子衰变成钍核，衰变方程为下列说法正确的是A. 衰变后钍核的动能等于粒子的动能B. 衰变后钍核的动量大小等于粒子的动量大小C. 铀核的半衰期等于其放出一个粒子所经历的时间D. 衰变后粒子与钍核的质量之和等于衰变前铀核的质量【答案】B【解析】一静止的铀核放出一个粒子衰变成钍核，根据系统动量守恒知，衰变后钍核和粒子动量之和为零，可知衰变后钍核的动量大小等于粒子的动量大小，根据知，由于钍核和粒子质量不同，则动能不同，A错误B正确；半衰期是原子核有半数发生衰变的时间，C 错误；衰变的过程中有质量亏损，即衰变后粒子与钍核的质量之和小于衰变前铀核的质量，D错误。

3. 如图所示，一根劲度系数为的轻质橡皮筋竖直放置，将其一端固定在天花板上的点，另一端穿过一固定平板上的光滑小孔系住一质量为m可视为质点的物块，物块置于点正下方水平地面上的点，在同一竖直线上，当橡皮筋竖直自由放置时，两点间距离恰为橡皮筋的原长，现将物块置于点右侧且逐渐增大距点的距离，物块撤去外力后依然保持静止，则在此过程中下列说法正确的是A. 物块对地面的压力逐渐减小B. 物块对地面的压力始终不变C. 物块与地面间的摩擦力逐渐变小D. 物块与地面间的摩擦力始终不变【答案】B【解析】的距离为为物体在处橡皮筋的伸长量，为物体在任意处的伸长量，由题意可得①，在O2处，根据平衡条件得：②，物体在任意处，根据平衡条件得：③，联立①②③式，解得，由牛顿第三定律得：物体对地面得压力不变，A错误B正确；由式，可得距离增大增大，减小，增大，f增大，CD错误．【点睛】关键挖掘题目中的两个隐含的条件，找到两次橡皮筋伸长量关系，橡皮筋的伸长量与弹力的关系是遵循胡克定律，运用力的合成与分解．建立两次平衡关系式的联系．4. 竖直平面内有一半径为R的光滑半圆形轨道，圆心为O，一小球以某一水平速度从最高点A出发沿圆轨道运动，至B点时脱离轨道，最终落在水平面上的C点，OA和OB间的夹角为，不计空气阻力。

山西省运城市康杰中学2018届高考模拟（一）理科综合物理试题一、选择题1. 我国自主研发制造的国际热核聚变核心部件在国际上率先通过权威机构认证,这是我国对国际热核聚变项目的重大贡献。

下列核反应方程中属于聚变反应的是（）B.C.【答案】A【解析】A反应是聚变反应；B和C反应是原子核的人工转变方程；D反应是重核裂变反应；故选A.2. 如图,在磁感应强度大小为B0的匀强磁场中，两长直导线P和Q垂直于纸面固定放置,两者之间的距离为l。

在两导线中均通有方向垂直于纸面向里的电流I时,纸面内与两导线距离为l的a点处的磁感应强度为零。

如果让P中的电流反向、其他条件不变,则a点处磁感应强度的大小为（）A. 0B.C.D.【答案】C【解析】在两导线中均通有方向垂直于纸面向里的电流I时，纸面内与两导线距离为l的a 点处的磁感应强度为零，如下图所示：由此可知，外加的磁场方向与PQ平行，且由Q指向P，即B1=B0；依据几何关系，及三角知识，则有：B P解得：P或Q通电导线在a处的磁场大小为B=0；当P中的电流反向，其他条件不变，再依据几何关系，及三角知识，则有：B20；因外加的磁场方向与PQ平行，且由Q指向P，磁场大小为B0；最后由矢量的合成法则，那么a故C正确，ABD错误；故选C．3. 一个正点电荷Q静止在正方形的一个顶点上，另一个带电质点q射入该区域时，仅受电场力的作用，恰好能依次经过正方形的另外三个顶点a，b，c，如图所示，则有( )A. 质点由a到c电势能先减小后增大B. 质点在a，b，c三处的加速度大小之比是1:2:1C. a，b，cD. 若改变带电质点在处的速度大小和方向,则质点q可能做类平抛运动【答案】C【解析】带电质点q受到的电场力指向轨迹的内侧，根据轨迹弯曲方向可知质点q与固定在O点的点电荷是异种电荷，它们之间存在引力，所以质点由a到b电场力做负功，电势能增加；由b到c电场力做正功，电势能减小，即质点由a到c电势能先增大后减小，故A错误；a、b、c三点到Q a、b、c，故B错误；根据点电荷电场线的特点，Q与a、c距离相等，都小于b，故b点的电势低于a、c两点的电势，故C正确；由于点电荷的电场是非匀强电场，质点q所受的电场力是变力，不可能做类平抛运动。

康杰中学2017—2018高考 数学（文）模拟题（一）注意事项:1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2.选择题必须使用2B 铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．已知集合{}{}22,1,0,2,3,|1,A B y y x x A =--==-∈，则AB 中元素的个数是A.2B.3C.4D.52．i 是虚数单位，复数()z a i a R =+∈满足i z z 312-=+，则z =B.2或5 D.53．设向量a 与b 的夹角为θ，且)1,2(-=a ，)3,2(2=+b a ，则θcos ＝A. 35-B.35C.5D.5- 4．已知1tan 2θ=，则tan 24πθ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭A.7B.7-C.17D.17-5．《九章算术》中，将底面是直角三角形的直三棱柱称之为“堑堵”，已知某“堑堵”的三视图如图所示，则该“堑堵”的表面积为A. 4B. 6+C. 4+D. 26．已知数列{}{},n n a b 满足1n n n b a a +=+，则“数列{}n a 为等差数列”是“数列{}n b 为等差数列”的A. 充分不必要条件B. 必要不充分条件C. 充分必要条件D. 即不充分也不必要条件7．执行如图所示的程序框图，则输出的a = A.1 B.1- C.4- D.52-8．在圆的一条直径上，任取一点作与该直径垂直的弦，则其弦长超过该圆的内接等边三角形的边长的概率为 A ．41 B ．31 C ．21 D ．23 9．设实数,x y 满足约束条件250403100x y x y x y --≤⎧⎪+-≤⎨⎪+-≥⎩，则22z x y =+的最小值为B.10C.8D.510．现有一半球形原料，若通过切削将该原料加工成一正方体工件，则所得工件体积与原料体积之比的最大值为A.3πB.6πC.8πD.4π11．已知O 为坐标原点，F 是双曲线()2222:10,0x y a b a bΓ-=>>的左焦点，B A ,分别为Γ的左、右顶点，P 为Γ上一点，且x PF ⊥轴， 过点A 的直线l 与线段PF 交于点M ，与y 轴交于点E ，直线BM 与y 轴交于点N ，若2OE ON =，则Γ的离心率为A.3B.2C.32D.4312．已知函数 ()()2ln x xf x e ex -=++，则使得()()23f x f x >+ 成立的x 的取值范围是A.()1,3-B.()(),33,-∞-+∞C.()3,3-D.()(),13,-∞-+∞二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

康杰中学2017—2018高考数学（理）模拟题（一）命题人：冯伟杰 李清娟2018.4【满分150分，考试时间为120分钟】一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．已知集合{}{}22,1,0,2,3,|1,A B y y x x A =--==-∈，则A B I 中元素的个数是 A.2B.3C.4D.52．i 是虚数单位，复数()z a i a R =+∈满足i z z 312-=+，则z = A.2或5 B.2或5 C.5 D.53．设向量a 与b 的夹角为θ，且)1,2(-=a ，)3,2(2=+b a ，则θcos ＝ A. 35- B.35 C.5 D.25- 4．已知1tan 2θ=，则tan 24πθ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭A.7B.7-C.17D.17-5．《九章算术》中，将底面是直角三角形的直三棱柱称之为“堑堵”，已知某“堑堵”的三视图如图所示，则该“堑堵”的表面积为 A. 4B. 642+C. 442+D. 26．已知数列{}{},n n a b 满足1n n n b a a +=+，则“数列{}n a 为等差数列”是“数列{}n b 为等差数列”的A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.即不充分也不必要条件7．执行如图所示的程序框图，则输出的a =A.1B.1-C. 4-D.52-8．在()102x -展开式中，二项式系数的最大值为a ，含7x 项的系数为b ，则b a= A.8021B.2180 C .2180- D.8021-9．设实数,x y 满足约束条件250403100x y x y x y --≤⎧⎪+-≤⎨⎪+-≥⎩，则22z x y =+的最小值为B.10C.8D.510．现有一半球形原料，若通过切削将该原料加工成一正方体工件，则所得工件体积与原料体积之比的最大值为A.3πB.6πC.8πD.4π11．已知O 为坐标原点，F 是双曲线()2222:10,0x y a b a bΓ-=>>的左焦点，B A ,分别为Γ的左、右顶点，P 为Γ上一点，且x PF ⊥轴， 过点A 的直线l 与线段PF 交于点M ，与y 轴交于点E ，直线BM 与y 轴交于点N ，若2OE ON =，则Γ的离心率为A.3B.2C.32D.4312．已知函数 ()()2ln x x f x e e x -=++，则使得()()23f x f x >+ 成立的x 的取值范围是A.()1,3-B.()(),33,-∞-+∞UC.()3,3-D.()(),13,-∞-+∞U二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

康杰中学2017—2018高考文综模拟题（一）2018.4 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分300分。

考试时间150分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题140分）本大题共35小题，每小题4分，共计140分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。

下图为我国某地的大棚农业设施剖面图。

该地修建大棚时，往往将地面挖深0.5-1.5m，同时在大棚的一侧修筑厚达3m的土墙。

读图，完成1-2题。

1. 农作物生长区域低于地面0.5—1.5m的主要目的是A. 扩大农作物生长空间B. 防止土壤肥力流失C. 提高地表土壤温度D. 加快空气流动速度2. 农作物生长区域低于地面的深度增加，会影响棚内的A. 空气温度和土壤肥力B. 太阳光照和空气温度C. 空气湿度和土壤肥力D. 太阳光照和空气成分数据中心是全球协作的特定络设备，即用集成的大量巨型服务器在Internet 络基础设施上传递、计算、存储数据信息。

2017 年8 月，挪威和美国的合资公司Kolos 宣布，将在挪威北极圈内的小城巴朗恩建设世界上最大的数据中心；苹果和阿里巴巴选址贵州建立数据中心。

据此完成3—5 题。

3．巴朗恩和贵州建设数据中心相同的区位优势是A．高速交通便利B．通讯络发达C．电力充足且廉价D．高等院校和科研院所集中4．与贵州相比，巴朗恩建设数据中心最主要的比较优势是A．气候寒冷，湿度适宜B．建设成本较低廉C．位置偏僻，安全性较高D．接近数据消费市场5．数据中心运转过程中对当地自然环境的影响主要是A．排放废水B．释放废热C．噪声污染D．放射性污染鸟类是自然界中的重要物种，迁徙是鸟类遵循大自然环境变化的一种生存本能反应。

根据鸟类有无迁徙习性，可将鸟类分为留鸟和候鸟（包括夏候鸟、冬候鸟、旅鸟和漂鸟）两大居留类型。

下图示意我国南方地区某山地鸟类居留类型与海拔梯度变化。

据此完成6-8题。

6. 该海拔带200米左右冬候鸟种数较多的主要原因是A. 气候温暖B. 地形平坦C. 水源充足D. 人类活动较少7. 该地海拔带500米左右留鸟种数较多，主要分布在A. 阳坡缓坡B. 阴坡陡坡C. 阳坡陡坡D. 阴坡缓坡8. 据有关资料显示，该山地至今仍保留少部分漂鸟（小区域短距离迁徙的候鸟），推测此类候鸟的生活习性是A. 夏居城区，冬居农区B. 夏居农区，冬居城区C. 冬居山林，夏居平原D. 夏居山林，冬居平原土壤水分状况是干旱河谷植被恢复的主要限制因子之一，同时植被也影响着土壤水分状况。

康杰中学2017—2018高考英语模拟题（一）注意事项:1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节(共15个小题，每小题3分，满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AWith the coming of winter, it’s the perfect time to get out of town and escape the seasonal mood disorder. Here are vacation ideas to adopt now.Costa RicaCosta Rica, located in the V alle del General, is an off-the-radar agriculture town that’s not overrun with tourists. The area is known for its coffee, pineapples and sugar cane plantations, as well as its rich forests. What’s more, you can enjoy horseback riding, spend afternoons at the spa or tour a nearby wildlife shelter to look out for colorful birds, sloths and other animals.Los Cabos, MexicoIf you love wine, travel to Los Cabos, a beautiful vacation destination at the southern edge of the Baja Peninsula. During your getaway, you can enjoy special wine tastings and dinner cooked by Los Cabos’s Michelin-starred chef. There are wild-viewing opportunities, too. From December through May, you can spot whales, manta rays and more wildlife.Petit St Vincent, the GrenadinesThis private Caribbean island was spared the anger of hurricanes Irma and Maria. What’s more, the whole island is only 115 acres and has 22 cottages. Each cottage is located in a quiet place, and you can expect to unplug and recharge phones with no wireless connections, televisionor telephones in the cottage. Even better, you can spend your days admiring fascinating marine(海洋的) life at the Jean-Michel Cousteau Diving Caribbean center.The Exumas, BahamasOn Fowl Cay’s 50-acre private island, you can enjoy a carefree escape. Days can be spent fishing, boating and diving before wandering along white sands. The resort features large one-, two- and three-bedroom houses. Best of all, if you’re planning a group getaway or multigenerational trip, you rent the entire island for a one-of-a-kind island escape.21. Why does the author recommend these places to readers?A. To escape from extreme weather.B. To experience out-of-town sights.C. To beat winter blues.D. To treat mental diseases.22. What do we know about Petit St Vincent?A. It survived hurricanes Irma and Maria.B. It’s a huge and quiet island.C. People can admire fish off shore.D. People can charge phones using wireless connections.23. Where can Tom best go with his grandparents and parents?A. Los Cabos, MexicoB. Peti St Vincent, the GrenadinesC. Costa RicaD. The Exumas, BahamasBLast year, my mother brought out an old college-ruled notebook: one of the journals in which she has kept a record of all the dinner parties she has hosted since 1976. I have a similar journal. But I am a writer, and she is a chemist. Mine features descriptions and feelings about the dinners I’ve hosted, while hers reads like laboratory notes--- just the meal plan and who was invited.“Salmon mousse(慕斯),” she announced, reading the first entry. “My God, I must have made that a hundred times. Do you remember them?”I did not. But I did remember that salmon mousse.Old friends came and went in her journal. New favorites joined the menu. My husband’s name first shows up in 1997, along with a meal of just hors d’oeuvres because he loved it. Mysister-in-law’s name arrived in 2006, and with it, all shellfish disappeared from family menus--- she would get sick after eating it. There is my mother’s partner, Ruth, who appeared in 1991, signaling almost five years of vegetarian(素食主义者) dishes before she gave in to my mother’s ham. And there is my farther, who, despite being her ex-husband, appeared every year after their divorce.While my mother has always written in her journal before a dinner party, I write in mine afterward. In my mother’s books, everything is clear. Hers passes from early motherhood through divorce and the deaths of friends without a break. I see her journals and am envious: By 45, I should practice with old favorites. I should have a salmon mousse.And so I am putting this decision into practice at a dinner party for writer friends. The menu is already written in my book. To start, a favorite of mine has already been cured in the fridge: salmon gravlax. And for this I must apologize to my mother: It is as close as I can get. I love you; I do. But I have always hated that salmon mousse.24.What can we know from Paragraph 3?A. The writer’s husband is a vegetarian.B. The writer’s sister-in-law is allergic to shellfish.C. Ruth didn’t like the ham made by the writer’s mom.D. The writer’s father never came back home since his divorce.25.Which statement may come from the writer’s journal?A.Salmon gravlax for writer friends.B.Thanksgiving, friends coming.C.I am glad lots of writer friends came last night.D.Tom and Lily are coming as well as Mr. Green tonight.26.How can we describe the writer’s mother?A. Considerate and strong-willed.B. Stubborn but organized.C. Outgoing and generous.D. Warm-hearted but insincere.27.Why does the author write this passage?A. To show her love for her mother.B. To put her decision into practice.C. To compare two different journals.D. To express her hate for salmon mousse.COur planet is home to about seven billion people. Since the 1990s, population experts have predicted the number would grow to nine billion before it begins to slow down and possibly decrease.But a new report predicts the world’s population is likely to increase to almost 11 billion by 2100. Based on the most modern statistical tools, the new report makes use of government records and considers expert predictions, including death rates, birthrates and international migration, or people moving across borders. The report says during the rest of this century, Africa’ s population will grow from about 3.5 billion to 5.1 billion over the next 82 years.John is director of the United Nations Population Division. He says that in the past，researchers thought population growth in Africa would be similar to that of other areas. They expected slower growth rates as birth control use became more widespread. But he says those ideas were wrong.“The level of contraception use has continued to increase but slowly-- more slowly than expected, and birthrate therefore has been falling less rapidly than expected, and the population therefore continues to grow somewhat more rapidly than we expected.”The new findings are based on a joint research project of the United Nations and the University of Washington.The researchers believe the population of Asia will reach five billion by 2050. That is up from the current 4.4 billion. And then begin to decline. The researchers also believe that North America, Europe，Latin America and the Caribbean area will have a total population of below one billion.John says the pressure of feeding the rising population is likely to be less than that might be expected.“The relatively good news is that the world has been winning the race between population growth and food production. If you look back historically over the last 50 years，certainly for the world as a whole and for many, most individual countries and regions, the increase in food production has outpaced the increase of population.”28.Which area will experience the largest increase in population at the end of the century?.B. Africa.C. Europe.D. North America29.“Contraception use” in the fourth paragraph refers to “__________”.A.a method of expert predictionsB.a way of avoiding growth in populationC.a joint research into the rising populationD.a potential technology for food production30.Why is the pressure of feeding the rising population less than expected according to John?A. Expert predictions are not exactly like what the facts happen.B. Birthrates have always been falling less rapidly than we expected.C. The population grows less rapidly than population experts expected.D. The increase in food production is faster than that of population.31. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The world’s population will increase constantly.B. The population of Asia will rise by 5 billion by 2050.C. John is optimistic about feeding the rising population.D. Population growth in Africa was much slower than expected.DWe all have our own tricks to cheer up when we’re feeling down; these little tricks can make you feel a little bit happier every day. While there are certainly happy memories tied up in the wedding ring you and your spouse（配偶）purchased together years ago or your teddy bear from childhood, new research finds that we typically feel calmer and experience a greater sense of well-being when we focus on a place that reminds us of happier times rather than a thing, even if it holds great value.The report, called Places That Make Us, was conducted by National Trust’s and Surrey University’s researchers. Experts performed functional magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）（磁共振成像）scans on 20 volunteers and conducted an online survey of 2,000 people to better understand this deep draw toward special places.“Working with leading researchers and academics, and using cutting-edge MRI brain technology, we examined how places affect people, how they become special, and why we feel a pull towards them,” explained Nino Strachey, head for the National Trust.The 20 volunteers were shown images of landscapes, houses, and other locations, as well as personally meaningful objects. Measuring their brain activity, the researchers found that it was the places, rather than the objects, that caused the brain to get the most excited.Volunteers were also interviewed at great length two times, once at home and the other time at their special place. The research made discoveries that had never known before —the favorite places awoke feelings of belonging, physical and emotional safety, and an intenseinternal pull to the place.Dr. Andy Myers weighed in on the research, saying, " For the first time we have been able to prove the physical and emotional benefits of places, far beyond any research that has been done before."32. How was the research conducted?A. By performing MRI on 2,000 volunteers.B. By measuring the participants’ brain by MRI.C. By doing rough interviews with the participants.D. By showing meaningful objects to the participants.33. How would the author feel about the findings of the study?A. It is pioneering.B. It is groundless.C. It is imperfect.D. It is uncommon.34. What does the underlined phrase " weighed in on" mean?A. Think highly of.B. Look down on.C. Pay attention to.D. Make fun of.35. What does the text mainly talk about?A. Everyone has his way to be happy.B. Valuable places can make people happy.C. Teddy bears are best memories for children.D. Meaningful objects lead to greater well-being.第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

山西省运城市康杰中学2018届高考语文模拟试题（一）【满分150分，考试时间为150分钟】一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

“生生美学”产生于丰厚的中国传统文化土壤之中，具有明显的区别于西方美学的中国气派与中国风格。

第一，“天人合一”的文化传统是“生生美学”的文化背景。

“天人合一”是中国古代具有根本性的文化传统，诚如司马迁所言“究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言”，成为中国人观察问题的特有立场和视角，影响甚至决定了中国古代各种文化艺术形态的产生发展与基本面貌，构成“生生美学”之文化背景。

“天人合一”最早来源于原始宗教的“神人合一”，发展为老子的“道法自然”、《易传》的“与天地合其德”、董仲舒的“天人感应”等。

宋代张载明确提出“天人合一”。

这种中国传统美学宏阔的东方式“中和之美”的诉求，相异于西方古代希腊对于微观的物质的“和谐之美”的诉求。

第二，阴阳相生的古典生命美学是“生生美学”的基本内涵。

“天人合一”之“一”就是“生”，即生命也，“天人合一”构成了人与自然的生命共同体。

《周易》泰卦所谓“天地交而万物通也，上下交而志同也”，天地交万物通是说风调雨顺万物繁茂，生命繁盛。

“生”的甲骨文即为“生”，草生地上，万物繁育。

这里的“生”有一个中间环节就是“气”，阴阳二气相交，万物诞育。

《周易》咸卦“天地交而万物化生”说明阴阳之气为生命化生之本，阴阳之气交感诞育万物生命，成为宇宙人生的根本规律。

《周易·系辞上》言道“一阴一阳之谓道，继之者善也，成之者性也”，阴阳之道成为万事万物社会人生，包括艺术创作的基本规律。

这种阴阳之道，在中国传统艺术中无所不在，书法的黑白对比、绘画的线条曲折伸张、诗文的比兴、文辞的抑扬顿挫、音乐戏曲的起承转合等无不是阴阳相生的体现，成为中国特有的美学智慧。

第三，“太极图示”的文化模式是“生生美学”的思维模式。

“天人合一”文化传统中的阴阳之关系呈现一种极为复杂的“太极图示”。

2018年山西省运城市盐湖区康杰中学高考英语模拟试卷（一）第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．1. With the coming of winter, it’s the perfect time to get out of town and escape the seasonal mood disorder． Here are vacation ideas to adopt now．Costa RicaCosta Rica, located in the Valle del General, is an off﹣the﹣radar agriculture town that’s not overrun with tourists． The area is known for its coffee, pineapples and sugar cane plantations, as well as its rich forests．What’s more, you can enjoy horsebackriding, spend afternoons at the spa or tour a nearby wildlife shelter to look out for colorful birds, sloths and other animals．Los Cabos, MexicoIf you love wine, travel to Los Cabos, a beautiful vacation destination at the southern edge of the Baja Peninsula． During your getaway, you can enjoy special wine tastings and dinner cooked by Los Cabos’s Michelin﹣starred chef． There are wild﹣viewing opportunities, too． From December through May, you can spot whales, manta rays and more wildlife．Petit St Vincent, the GrenadinesThis private Caribbean island was spared the anger of hurricanes Irma and Maria．What’s more, the whole island is only 115 acres and has 22 cottages． Each cottage is located in a quiet place, and you can expect to unplug and recharge phones with no wireless connections, television or telephones in the cottage． Even better, you can spend your days admiring fascinating marine（海洋的） life at the Jean﹣Michel Cousteau Diving Caribbean center．The Exumas, BahamasOn Fowl Cay’s 50﹣acre private island, you can enjoy a carefree escape． Days can be spent fishing, boating and diving before wandering along white sands． The resort features large one﹣, two﹣ and three﹣bedroom houses． Best of all, if you’re planning a group getaway or multigenerational trip, you rent the entire island for a one﹣of﹣a﹣kind island escape．（1）Why does the author recommend these places to readers？________A.To escape from extreme weather．B.To experience out﹣of﹣town sights．C.To beat winter blues．D.To treat mental diseases．（2）What do we know about Petit St Vincent？________A.It survived hurricanes Irma and Maria．B.It’s a huge and quiet island．C.People can admire fish off shore．D.People can charge phones using wireless connections．A.Los Cabos， Mexico．B.Peti St Vincent， the Grenadines．C.Costa Rica．D.The Exumas， Bahamas．【答案】CAD【考点】完形综合阅读理解综合【解析】本文主要介绍了冬天来临之时，适合外出度假的一些地点．【解答】（1）C．细节理解题．由第一段With the coming of winter，it’s the perfect time to get out of town and escape the seasonal mood disorder．随着冬天的到来，这是走出小镇，摆脱季节性情绪障碍的最佳时机．故选C．（2）A．细节理解题．由Petit St Vincent， the Grenadines的This private Caribbean island was spared the anger of hurricanes Irma and Maria．这个私人的加勒比岛幸免于飓风伊尔玛和玛丽亚，可知选A．（3）D．D理解推断题．由The Exumas， Bahamas的 Best of all，if you’re planning a group getaway or multigenerational trip， you rent the entire island for a one﹣of﹣a﹣kind island escape．最重要的是，如果你正在计划一次集体出游或多代人旅行，你就可以租整个岛，以获得独一无二的岛屿之旅．．故选D．2. Last year, my mother brought out an old college﹣ruled notebook: one of the journals in which she has kept a record of all the dinner parties she has hosted since 1976． I have a similar journal． But I am a writer, and she is a chemist． Mine features descriptions and feelings about the dinners I’ve hosted, while hers reads like laboratory notes﹣﹣﹣ just the meal plan and who was invited．“Salmon mousse（慕斯）, ” she announced, reading the first entry．“My God, I must have made that a hundred times． Do you remember them? ” I did not． But I did remember that salmon mousse．Old friends came and went in her journal． New favorites joined the menu． My husband’s name first shows up in 1997,along with a meal of just hors d’oeu vres because he loved it． My sister﹣in﹣law’s name arrived in 2006, and with it, all shellfish disappeared from family menus﹣﹣﹣ she would get sick after eating it．There is my mother’s partner, Ruth, who appeared in 1991, signaling almost five years of vegetarian（素食主义者）dishes before she gave in to my mother’s ham． And there is my farther, who, despite being her ex﹣husband, appeared every year after their divorce．While my mother has always written in her journal before a dinner party, I write in mine afterward．In my mother’s books, everything is clear． Hers passes from early motherhood through divorce and the deaths of friends without a break． I see her journals and am envious: By 45, I should practice with old favorites． I should have a salmon mousse．And so I am putting this decision into practice at a dinner party for writer friends． The menu is already written in my book． To start, a favorite of mine has already been cured incan get． I love you; I do． But I have always hated that salmon mousse．（1）What can we know from Paragraph 3？________A.The writer’s husband is a vegetarian．B.The writer’s sister﹣in﹣law is allergic to shellfish．C.Ru th didn’t like the ham made by the writer’s mom．D.The writer’s father never came back home since his divorce．（2）Which statement may come from the writer’s journal？________A.Salmon gravlax for writer friends．B.Thanksgiving， friends coming．C.I am glad lots of writer friends came last night．D.Tom and Lily are coming as well as Mr．（3）How can we describe the writer’s mother？________A.Considerate and strong﹣willed．B.Stubborn but organized．C.Outgoing and generous．D.Warm﹣hearted but insincere．（4）Why does the author write this passage？________A.To show her love for her mother．B.To put her decision into practice．C.To compare two different journals．D.To express her hate for salmon mousse．【答案】BCAA【考点】完形综合阅读理解综合【解析】本文章主要讲述了作者的母亲将多年来宴请客人的经历都记录下来，并将每个人的特点都记录下来，作者又将其与自己的经历进行比较，以表达自己多母亲的强烈的爱．【解答】（1）B．细节题．根据文章内容， My sister﹣in﹣law’s name arrived in 2006， and with it， all shellfish disappeared from family menus﹣﹣﹣ she would get sick after eating it．由此可知，作者的弟媳会对所以的贝壳类食物过敏，吃过以后有会生病，因此所有的贝壳类食物都从菜单上消失了．结合选项，故选B．（2）.C．推理题，根据文章内容， I have a similar journal． But I am a writer．．And so I am putting this decision into practice at a dinner party for writer friends．由此可知，作者是一个作家，也为自己的作家朋友们也准备聚会，因此他会对作家朋友的到来感到高兴．结合选项，故C符合文意．（3）A．推理题．根据文章内容，Old friends came and went in her journal． New favorites joined the menu．My husband’s name first shows up in 1997， along with a mealand with it， all shellfish disappeared from family menus﹣﹣﹣ she would get sick after eating it．There is my mother’s partner， Ruth， who appeared in 1991， signaling almost five years of vegetarian（素食主义者）dishes before she gave in to my mother’sham． And there is my farther， who， despite being her ex﹣husband， appeared every year after their divorce．作者母亲把各自的喜好都记录下来了，说明她是一个周到细心的人，结合选项，故选A．（4）A．写作目的题．根据文章内容，本文章主要讲述了作者的母亲将多年来宴请客人的经历都记录下来，作者又将其与自己的经历进行比较，以表达自己多母亲的强烈的爱．结合选项，故选A．3. Our planet is home to about seven billion people． Since the 1990s, population experts have predicted the number would grow to nine billion before it begins to slow down and possibly decrease．But a new report predicts the world’s population is likely to increase to almost 11 billion by 2100． Based on the most modern statistical tools, the new report makes use of government records and considers expert predictions, including death rates, birthrates and international migration, or people moving across borders． The report says during the restof this century, Africa’ s population will grow from about 3.5billion to 5.1 billion over thenext 82 years．John is director of the United Nations Population Division． He says that in thepast, researchers thought population growth in Africa would be similar to that of other areas． They expected slower growth rates as birth control use became more widespread． But he says those ideas were wrong．“The level of ________ has continued to increase but slowly﹣﹣ more slowly than expected, and birthrate therefore has been falling less rapidly than expected, and the population therefore continues to grow somewhat more rapidly than we expected．” The new findings are based on a joint research project of the United Nations and the Universityof Washington．The researchers believe the population of Asia will reach five billion by 2050． That is up from the current 4.4billion． And then begin to decline． The researchers also believe that North America, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean area will have a total population of below one billion．John says the pressure of feeding the rising population is likely to be less than that mightbe expected．“The relatively good news is that the world has been winning the race between population growth and food production． If you look back historically over the last 50 years, certainlyfor the world as a whole and for many, most individual countries and regions, the increasein food production has outpaced the increase of population．”（1）Which area will experience the largest increase in population at the end of the century？________．B.Africa．C.Europe．D.North America．（2）“Contraception use” in the fourth paragraph refers to “________”．B.a way of avoiding growth in population．C.a joint research into the rising population．D.a potential technology for food production．（3）Why is the pressure of feeding the rising population less than expected according to John？________A.Expert predictions are not exactly like what the facts happen．B.Birthrates have always been falling less rapidly than we expected．C.The population grows less rapidly than population experts expected．D.The increase in food production is faster than that of population．（4）What can be inferred from the passage？________A.The world’s population will increase constantly．B.The population of Asia will rise by 5billion by 2050．C.John is optimistic about feeding the rising population．D.Population growth in Africa was much slower than expected．【答案】BBDC【考点】阅读理解综合【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一份预测未来世界人口增长趋势的报告．【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．根据第二段的最后一句“The report says during the rest of this century，Africa’s population will grow from about 3.5billion to 5.1billion over the next85years．”可知，非洲人口会增长1.6 billion；根据第五段的第一、二句可知，亚洲人口到2050年会增长0.6 billion，接着会下降；根据第五段的最后一句可知，欧洲、北美、拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区总人口不到1 billion．故选B．（2）B．词义猜测题．根据第三段的第三句“They expected slower growth rates as birth control use became more widespread．”可知，他们预计避孕措施的普及会使人口出生率的速度减慢，故文中画线短语的意思与B项“避免人口增长的方法”相近，故选B．（3）D．细节理解题．根据第七段的“the increase in food production has outpaced the increase of population”可知，食物产量的增长超过了人口的增长，故选D．（4）C．推理判断题．根据第七段的内容可知，John认为好消息是在人口增长与食物产量增长这场比赛中世界一直在取得胜利，并且食物产量的增长超过了人口的增长，故可推知选C．4. We all have our own tricks to cheer up when we’re feeling down; these little tricks can make you feel a little bit happier every day． While there are certainly happy memories tied up in the wedding ring you and your spouse（配偶） purchased together years ago or your teddy bear from childhood, new research finds that we typically feel calmer and experience a greater sense of well﹣being when we focus on a place that reminds us of happier times rather than a thing, even if it holds great value．The report, called Places That Make Us, was conducted by National Trust’s and Surrey（磁共振成像）scans on 20volunteers and conducted an online survey of 2, 000 people to better understand this deep draw toward special places．“Working with leading researchers and academics, and using cutting﹣edge MRI brain technology, we examined how places affect people, how they become special, and why we feel a pull towards them, ” explained Nino Strachey, head for the National Trust．The 20 volunteers were shown images of landscapes, houses, and other locations, as well as personally meaningful objects． Measuring their brain activity, the researchers found that it was the places, rather than the objects, that caused the brain to get the most excited．Volunteers were also interviewed at great length two times, once at home and the other time at their special place． The research made discoveries that had never known before ﹣the favorite places awoke feelings of belonging, physical and emotional safety, and an intense internal pull to the place．Dr． Andy Myers ________ the research, saying, " For the first time we have been able to prove the physical and emotional benefits of places, far beyond any research that has been done before．"（1）How was the research conducted？________A.By performing MRI on 2，000 volunteers．B.By measuring the participants’ brainby MRI．C.By doing rough interviewswiththeparticipants．D.By showing meaningful objectsto the participants．（2）How would the author feel about the findings of the study？________A.It is pioneering．B.It is groundless．C.It is imperfect．D.It is uncommon．（3）What does the underlined phrase " weighed in on" mean？________A.Think highly of．B.Look down on．C.Pay attention to．D.Make fun of．（4）What does the text mainly talk about？________A.Everyone has his way to be happy．B.Valuable places can make people happy．C.Teddy bears are best memories for children．D.Meaningful objects lead to greater well﹣being．【答案】BAAB【考点】阅读理解综合文章介绍一项新的研究发现，通过测量参与者的大脑，研究人员发现一些有价值的地方可以给人们带来快乐．【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．根据文章第二段的句子Experts performed functional magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）（磁共振成像）scans on 20volunteers and conducted an online survey of 2，000 people to better understand this deep draw toward special places．可知，这项研究是通过MRI测量参与者的大脑．故选B．（2）A．推理判断题．根据文章倒数第二段的句子 The research made discoveries that had never known before ﹣ the favorite places awoke feelings of belonging， physical and emotional safety， and an intense internal pull to the place．可知，作者认为这项研究是有开拓性的．故选A．（3）A．词义猜测题．根据最后一段的句子For the first time we have been able to prove the physical and emotional benefits of places， far beyond any research that has been done before可知，" weighed in on"是高度评价的意思．故选A．（4）B．主旨大意题．根据文章第一段的句子new research finds that we typically feel calmer and experience a greater sense of well﹣being when we focus on a place that reminds us of happier times rather than a thing， even if it holds great value．可知文章主要介绍有价值的地方会使人们高兴．故选B．第二节（满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有2项为多余选项．注意：将答案写在答题卡上．写在本试卷上无效．Protecting your eyesight is one of the most important things you can do to help maintain your quality of life．（1）_______ Consider these simple guidelines：Protect your eyes from harmful UV（紫外线的）light． When you stay outdoors during daytime， always wear sunglasses that protec t your eyes from 100percent of the sun’s harmful UV rays．（2）_______Look for warning signs of changes in your vision．（3）_______Some trouble signs to lookfor are double vision， hazy（模糊的）vision and having difficulty seeing in low light conditions． Other signs and symptoms of potentially serious eye problems that require immediate attention include red eyes， frequent flashes of light， eye pain and swelling．（4）_______A comprehensive eye exam， including enlarging your pupils（瞳孔），can determine your risk for major eye diseases that have no early warning signs or symptoms． An eye exam also can make sure that your prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses（隐形眼镜）is up to date．（5）_______But keeping a healthy lifestyle and having regular eye exams will certainly decrease your risk of developing a sight﹣stealing eye problem that otherwise might have been prevented．A． Get your eyes checked at least every two years．B． Test your eyesight for free in an online eye exam．C． In a word， eye care is very important， no matter how old a person is．D． This may help reduce your risk of cataracts（白内障） and other eye problems．E． If you start noticing changes in your vision， see your eye doctor immediately．F． With a little careful and loving care， you can keep your eyes healthy as you age．G．It’s true that following these steps is no guarantee of perfect vision throughout yourF,D,E,A,G【考点】七选五阅读【解析】本文属于一篇说明文，作者通过这篇文章向我们讲述的是平时要注意眼睛健康，做到勤检查，预防紫外线，保持健康的用眼卫生等，这样可以减少罹患眼科疾病的风险．【解答】FDEAG（1）F．考查上下文推理能力．根据前文Protecting your eyesight is one of the most important things you can do to help maintain your quality of life保护视力是你能帮助维持生活质量的最重要的事情之一，这与F． With a little careful and loving care， you can keep your eyes healthy as you age只要细心细心呵护，你的眼睛就能保持健康，意思相符，故答案为F．（2）D．考查上下文推理能力．根据When you stay outdoors during daytime， always wear sunglasses that protect your eyes from 100percent of the sun’s harmful UV rays当你白天呆在户外的时候，一定要戴上太阳镜来保护你的眼睛免于阳光百分之一百的有害紫外线，这与D． This may help reduce your risk of cataracts（白内障） and other eye problems这可能有助于减少白内障的风险和其他眼部问题，意思相符，故答案为D．（3）E．考查上下文推理能力．根据前文Look for warning signs of changes in your vision寻找你视力变化的警告信号，这与E． If you start noticing changes in your vision， see your eye doctor immediately如果你开始注意到你视力的变化，立刻去看你的眼科医生，意思相符，故答案为E．（4）A．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文A comprehensive eye exam， including enlarging your pupils（瞳孔），can determine your risk for major eye diseases that have no early warning signs or symptoms全面的眼科检查，包括扩大你的瞳孔，可以确定你的罹患主要眼病的风险，有没有早期的征兆或症状，这与A． Get your eyes checked at least every two years至少每两年检查一次眼睛，意思相符，故答案为A．（5）G．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文But keeping a healthy lifestyle and having regular eye exams will certainly decrease your risk of developing a sight﹣stealing eye problem that otherwise might have been prevented但是，保持健康的生活方式和定期的眼科检查肯定会降低你患视力问题的风险，而这些眼部问题其实本来都可以预防的，这与G．It’s true that following these steps is no guarantee of perfect vision throughout your lifetime事实是遵循这些步骤并不能保证你一生中拥有完美的视力，意思相符，故答案为G．第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life．It （1）________ our happiness when we are cheerful, and lessens our （2）________ when we are sad．A good book may absorb our attention so （3）________ that for the time being we forget our （4）________．Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, good books should never fail to give us （5）________．With a good book in our hands we will never be （6）________．Whether the characters in the book are taken from real life or are purely（7）ooks may （8）________ us either because they are similar to our close friends or because they present （9）________ types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances．Our human friends s ometimes （10）________ us, but the friends we make in books will always respect us．By turning the pages we can （11）________ them without any fear of hurting their feelings．When our human friends （12）________ us, good books are always there to give us sympathy and encouragement．One of the most valuable gifts from books is （13）________．Few of us can travel far from home, （14）________ an of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books．When we wish to （15）________ from the dull realities of everyday life, a book will help us when （16）________ else can．To travel by book we don’t have to （17）________ and save a lot of money．Through books we may get the thrill of adventure without （18）________．We can climb high mountains or cross the hot sands of the desert．（19）________, through books the whole world is ours for the asking．The （20）________ of our literary experiences are almost unlimited．（1）A.achievesB.reducesC.increasesD.threatens（2）A.dutiesB.sorrowsC.chancesD.diseases（3）pletelyB.naturallyC.frequentlyD.desperately（4）A.performancesB.prejudecesC.responsibilitiesD.surroundings（5）A.agreementB.treatmentC.enjoymentD.judgement（6）A.lonelyzyC.tiredD.guilty（7）A.averageB.imaginaryC.typicalD.fortunate（8）A.greetB.shockC.worryD.delight（9）A.uncertainB.unpracticalC.unfamiliarD.unnecessary（10）A.make fun ofB.take care ofC.catch sight ofD.pay attention to（11）A.orderB.controlC.believeD.ignore（12）A.challengeB.abandonC.understandD.persuade（13）A.pleasureB.knowledgeC.experienceD.success（14）A.butB.orC.ifD.so（15）A.returnB.recoverC.graduateD.escape（16）A.anythingB.nothingC.everythingD.something（17）A.payB.stopC.guessD.race（18）A.reasonB.evidenceC.dangerD.instruction（19）A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.（20）A.purposesB.possibilitiesC.directionsD.suggestions【答案】CBADCABDCADCADBACDB【考点】日常生活类阅读【解析】本文是说明文．文章主要介绍了读书的好处，例如有利于我们缓解情绪，了解知识，陪伴我们不再寂寞等．【解答】A C D B41．C 动词解析．由该空后的when we are cheerful可知，当我们高兴的时候，读书会“增加（increases）”我们的快乐．故选C．42．B 名词解析．由该空后的when we are sad可知，当我们伤心的时候，读书会缓减我们的“痛苦（sorrows）”．故选B．44．D 名词解析．一本好书可以“完全（completely）”吸引我们的注意力以至于让我们暂时忘了“周围的环境（surroundings）”．故选D．45．C 名词解析．由下文的they may…make us laugh可知，好书会给我们带来“快乐（enjoyment）”．故选C．46．A 形容词解析．由下文的they may become our companions可知，有好书作伴，我们就不会感到“寂寞（ lonely）”．故选A．47．B 形容词解析．由该空前的Whether the characters in the book are taken from real life可知，这里是说不管书中的人物是来源于现实生活还是“想象中的（imaginary）”．故选B．48．D 名词解析．由该空后的because they are similar to our close friends可知，密友往往会让我们开心快乐，故填delight．故选D．49．C 形容词解析．由该空后的whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances可知，书中也会有我们所“不熟悉的（unfamiliar）”人物．故选C．50．A 动词解析．由该空后的but the friends we make in books will always respect us可知，现实生活中的朋友有时会“取笑（make fun of）”我们．故选A．51．D 动词解析．由该空后的without any fear of hurting their feelings可知，当我们“忽视（ ignore）”书中的这些朋友时并不用担心伤害到他们的感情．故选D．52．B 动词解析．由该空后的good books are always there to give us sympathy and encouragement可知，当现实生活中的朋友“抛弃（abandon）”我们的时候，好书还会守在那里，对我们表示同情理解并加以鼓励．故选B．53．C 名词解析．该段最后的literary experiences是提示．故对应选C．54．A 连词解析．该空前后为转折关系，故填but．故选A．55．D 动词解析．由该空后的the dull realities of everyday life可知，沉闷无聊的时候，读书就成了“逃避（ escape）”的一种手段．故选D．56．B 代词解析．当我们没有其它办法的时候，读书会帮到我们，故填nothing．故选B．57．A 动词解析．由该空后的save a lot of money可知，通过读书来游览各地的话，我们不用花钱，故填pay．故选A．58．C 名词解析．由该空前的the thrill of adventure可知，没有任何“危险（ danger）”，我们就能感受到冒险的刺激．故选C．59．D，连词解析．“总之（ Anyway）”，只要需要，在书中整个世界都是我们的．此句是对全文内容的归纳总结．故选D．60．B 名词解析．通过读书来获得各种体验的“可能性（possibilities）”是无限的．故选B．第二节（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式．Natural herbal medicines have been a part of the medicine world for a long time， and different cultures have used them in （1）________（variety） ways． Some people use them for therapeutic purposes （2）________ others use them for medicinal purposes． The use of herbs is widely known to be safe because the ingredients are natural and therefore have very few side effects when they（3）________take）．The main purpose of natural herbal medicines is to help the body return to its normal stateso that it can be restored （4）________（whole）． Different herbs when taken will work differently in the body systems and therefore bring the desirable healing effects． They work by（5）________ （make） the immune system function well and also promote the well﹣being of the body before any illness（6）________（set） in． They can make one betterat remembering something as they improve blood circulation to the brain． Additionally，natural herbal medicines can reduce anxiety， depression， exhaustion， stress， etc． as they help your （7）________（nerve） calm down．Despite many advantages of natural herbal medicines， you should take something （8）________account when you use them． For instance，don’t use them in cases （9）________ the conventional drugs are supposed to be used．It’s important to seek medical advice before taking any herbal drugs （10）________（avoid） any side effects on the body． Moreover，it’s also good to consult your doctor to get the correct dosage and also the exact type of drug for the particular disease you have．【答案】various,while,are taken,wholly,making,sets,nerves,into,where,to avoid【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】本文介绍了天然药草的作用．天然药草可以帮助我们保持身体健康，也可以治愈一些疾病，还能缓解精神压力，且天然草药副作用小．但是我们不能确定用药剂量，也不知道该怎样对症下药，所以最好是先咨询医生．【解答】1． various．考查形容词．ways是名词，要用形容词修饰．2． while．考查连词．前后两个分句之间是转折关系，用并列连词while，意为“而，然而（表示对比）”．3． are taken．考查动词语态．they与take之间是动宾关系，且表示一般事实，要用一般现在时的被动语态．4． wholly．考查副词．restore是动词，要用副词修饰．5． making．考查动名词．介词by后接动词时用动名词形式．6． sets．考查动词时态和主谓一致．在时间，条件，让步等状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时态．因主语illness是单数形式，谓语动词也应用单数形式．7． nerves．考查名词复数．nerve是可数名词，根据上下文语境要用复数形式．8． into．考查固定搭配．take sth． into account意为“顾及到某事，考虑到某事”，是固定搭配．9． where．考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词cases在从句中表示模糊化的地点，用关系副词where．10． to avoid．考查动词不定式．此处动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语．第三部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．In March 1st，Li Yue and Zhang Hua，students from Grade Two，went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary works．Upon their arrival，Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warm welcomed，and respectfully，they presented elderly with flowers and fruits．Then，they started to work at once，such as cleaning the windows and swept the floor．After everything was done，they sit in the yard chatting with the elderly people．When it was time for the volunteers to leave，the elderly people thanked them with their kindness．They said this was so a beautiful day t hat they would remember it forever．Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy．What they did has been brought joy to others and e nriched our own lives．【答案】In March 1st，Li Yue and Zhang Hua，students from Grade Two，went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary works．On workUpon their arrival，Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warm welcomed，and respectfully，they presented∧elderly with flowers and fruits．warmly 加the Then，they started to work at once，such as cleaning the windows and swept the floor． sweepingAfter everything was done，they sit in the yard chatting with the elderly people．satWhen it was time for the volunteers to leave，the elderly people thanked them with their kindness．forThey said this was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever．suchLi Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy．What they did has been brought joy to others and e nriched our own lives．去掉 their1．In改为On．具体时间之前要用介词on．2．works改为work．志愿者的工作，不可数名词．3．warm改为warmly．修饰动词welcome要用副词．4．加the．the加形容词构成一类人或物．5．swept改为sweeping．句中sweep和前面的cleaning并列．6．sit改为sat．文章讲述的是过去的经历，要用一般过去时态．7．with改为for．固定搭配，thank sb for sth为某事感谢某人．8．so改为such．题干中是修饰名词短语a beautiful day 要用such，so修饰形容词和副词．9．been去掉．句中What they did 是主语从句，谓语是主动．10．our改为their．指代错误．句意指的是这两位同学，要用their．【考点】记叙文短文改错【解析】文章讲述了李月和张华两位学生去敬老院做志愿服务的经历．在敬老院他们给老人带去了鲜花和水果，帮助擦窗户扫地，陪老人聊天．老人对他们的工作表示感谢．他们所做的一切给别人带去了欢乐也丰富了他们自己的生活．【解答】In March 1st，Li Yue and Zhang Hua，students from Grade Two，went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary works．On workUpon their arrival，Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warm welcomed，and respectfully，they presented∧elderly with flowers and fruits．warmly 加the Then，they started to work at once，such as cleaning the windows and swept the floor． sweepingAfter everything was done，they sit in the yard chatting with the elderly people．satWhen it was time for the volunteers to leave，the elderly people thanked them with their kindness．forThey said this was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever．suchLi Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy．What they did has been brought joy to others and e nriched our own lives．去掉 their 1．In改为On．具体时间之前要用介词on．2．works改为work．志愿者的工作，不可数名词．3．warm改为warmly．修饰动词welcome要用副词．4．加the．the加形容词构成一类人或物．5．swept改为sweeping．句中sweep和前面的cleaning并列．6．sit改为sat．文章讲述的是过去的经历，要用一般过去时态．7．with改为for．固定搭配，thank sb for sth为某事感谢某人．8．so改为such．题干中是修饰名词短语a beautiful day 要用such，so修饰形容词和副词．9．been去掉．句中What they did 是主语从句，谓语是主动．10．our改为their．指代错误．句意指的是这两位同学，要用their．。

康杰中学2017—2018高考数学（理）模拟题（一）一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1. 已知集合，则中元素的个数是A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】试题分析：当时，；当时，；当时，；当时，，所以，所以，故选B.考点：集合的交集运算.2. 是虚数单位，复数满足，则A. 或B. 或C.D.【答案】C【解析】试题分析：因为，所以，解得，所以，故选C.考点：1、复数的运算；2、复数的模.3. 设向量与的夹角为，且，，则＝A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】分析：由求出，结合，利用平面向量夹角余弦公式可得结果.详解：因为向量与的夹角为，且，，，，，故选A.点睛：本题主要考查向量的坐标运算及平面向量数量积公式，属于中档题.平面向量数量积公式有两种形式，一是，二是，主要应用以下几个方面:(1)求向量的夹角，（此时往往用坐标形式求解）；（2）求投影，在上的投影是；（3）向量垂直则;(4)求向量的模（平方后需求）.4. 已知，则A. B.C. D.【答案】D【解析】试题分析：因为，所以＝，故选D.考点：1、倍角公式；2、两角和与差的正切公式.【方法点睛】根据已知单角的三角函数值求和角（或差角）的三角函数，通常将结论角利用条件角来表示，有时还需借助同角三角函数间的基本关系化为相关角的三角函数后，再利用两角和与差的三角函数公式即可求解.5. 《九章算术》中，将底面是直角三角形的直三棱柱称之为“堑堵”，已知某“堑堵”的三视图如图所示，则该“堑堵”的表面积为（）A. 4B.C.D. 2【答案】B【解析】分析：仔细观察三视图，发挥空间想象力，可知该几何体是底面为斜边边长为2的等腰直角三角形、高为2的直三棱柱，进而可得结果.详解：由三视图知，该几何体是底面为斜边边长为2的等腰直角三角形、高为2的直三棱柱，所以该几何体的表面积为，故选B.点睛：本题利用空间几何体的三视图重点考查学生的空间想象能力和抽象思维能力，属于中档题.三视图问题是考查学生空间想象能力最常见题型，也是高考热点.观察三视图并将其“翻译”成直观图是解题的关键，不但要注意三视图的三要素“高平齐，长对正，宽相等”，还要特别注意实线与虚线以及相同图形的不同位置对几何体直观图的影响，对简单组合体三视图问题，先看俯视图确定底面的形状，根据正视图和侧视图，确定组合体的形状.6. 已知数列满足，则“数列为等差数列”是“数列为等差数列”的A. 充分不必要条件B. 必要不充分条件C. 充分必要条件D. 即不充分也不必要条件【答案】A【解析】分析：根据等差数列的定义，“数列为等差数列”能推出“数列为等差数列”，“数列为等差数列”不能推出“数列为等差数列”，从而可得结果.详解：若数列是等差数列，设其公差为，则，所以数列是等差数列.若数列是等差数列，设其公差为，则，不能推出数列是等差数列.所以“数列为等差数列”是“数列为等差数列”的充分不必要条件，故选A.点睛：判断充要条件应注意：首先弄清条件和结论分别是什么，然后直接依据定义、定理、性质尝试.对于带有否定性的命题或比较难判断的命题，除借助集合思想化抽象为直观外，还可利用原命题和逆否命题、逆命题和否命题的等价性，转化为判断它的等价命题；对于范围问题也可以转化为包含关系来处理.7. 执行如图所示的程序框图，则输出的A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】分析：模拟执行程序框图，只要按照程序框图规定的运算方法逐次计算，直到达到输出条件，即可得到输出的的值.详解：输入；第一次循环，得；第二次循环，得；第三次循环，得，…，以此类推，知该程序框图的周期，又知当退出循环，此时共循环了39次，所以输出的，故选C.点睛：本题主要考查程序框图的循环结构流程图，属于中档题. 解决程序框图问题时一定注意以下几点：(1) 不要混淆处理框和输入框；(2) 注意区分程序框图是条件分支结构还是循环结构；(3) 注意区分当型循环结构和直到型循环结构；(4) 处理循环结构的问题时一定要正确控制循环次数；(5) 要注意各个框的顺序,（6）在给出程序框图求解输出结果的试题中只要按照程序框图规定的运算方法逐次计算，直到达到输出条件即可. 8. 在展开式中，二项式系数的最大值为，含项的系数为，则A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】由题意，，二项式系数的最大值为，含项的系数为，故选D.【方法点晴】本题主要考查二项展开式定理的通项与系数，属于简单题. 二项展开式定理的问题也是高考命题热点之一，关于二项式定理的命题方向比较明确，主要从以下几个方面命题：（1）考查二项展开式的通项公式；（可以考查某一项，也可考查某一项的系数）（2）考查各项系数和和各项的二项式系数和；（3）二项展开式定理的应用.9. 设实数满足约束条件，则的最小值为A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】分析：作出可行域，将转化为可行域内的点到原点距离的平方，利用数形结合思想求解即可.详解：作出表示的可行域，如图所示，因为表示区域内的点到原点距离的平方，由图知，原点到直线的距离的平方就是的最小值，.故选B. 点睛：本题主要考查线性规划中利用可行域求目标函数的最值，属简单题.求目标函数最值的一般步骤是“一画、二找、三求”：（1）作出可行域（一定要注意是实线还是虚线）；（2）找到目标函数对应的最优解对应点（在可行域内平移或旋转变形后的目标函数，最先通过或最后通过的定点就是最优解）；（3）将最优解坐标代入目标函数求出最值.10. 现有一半球形原料，若通过切削将该原料加工成一正方体工件，则所得工件体积与原料体积之比的最大值为A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】分析：当正方体的下底面在半球的大圆面上，上底面的四个顶点在球的表面上时，所得工件体积与原材料体积之比取得最大值，设此时正方体的棱长为，求出正方体及半球的体积即可的结果.详解：当正方体的下底面在半球的大圆面上，上底面的四个顶点在球的表面上时，所得工件体积与原材料体积之比取得最大值，设此时正方体的棱长为，则球的半径为，所以所求体积比为，故选A.点睛：本题主要考球的性质、多面体内接问题及球的体积公式，属于难题.球内接多面体问题是将多面体和旋转体相结合的题型，既能考查旋转体的对称形又能考查多面体的各种位置关系，做题过程中主要注意以下两点：①多面体每个面都分别在一个圆面上，圆心是多边形外接圆圆心；②注意运用性质.11. 已知为坐标原点，是双曲线的左焦点，分别为的左、右顶点，为上一点，且轴，过点的直线与线段交于点，与轴交于点，直线与轴交于点，若，则的离心率为A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】分析：利用相似三角形的性质可得，，结合可得结果.详解：由直角三角形的性质可得，则，即；同理，，所以，又，所以，整理，得，故选A.点睛：本题主要考查双曲线的简单性质及离心率，属于难题.离心率的求解在圆锥曲线的考查中是一个重点也是难点，一般求离心率有以下几种情况：①直接求出，从而求出;②构造的齐次式，求出;③采用离心率的定义以及圆锥曲线的定义来求解．12. 已知函数，则使得成立的的取值范围是A. B.C. D.【答案】D【解析】分析：利用复合函数的单调性判断在上的单调性，利用奇偶性可得在上单调性，可得等价于，从而可得结果.详解：因为，所以是偶函数，因为在上递增，在上递增，所以在上递增，又因为在单调递增，所以在单调递增，所以在上递减，所以等价于，解得，或.使得成立的的取值范围是，故选D.点睛：本题主要考查函数的奇偶性与单调性的应用，属于难题.将奇偶性与单调性综合考查是，一直是命题的热点，解这种题型往往是根据函数在所给区间上的单调性，根据奇偶性判断出函数在对称区间上的单调性(偶函数在对称区间上单调性相反，奇函数在对称区间单调性相同)，然后再根据单调性列不等式求解.二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。