球钻说明书

ROTAGO 8With automatic lapping sequenceStationary ball-lapping machine for ball workpieceswith a DN range of up to 200 mm (8”), for finishingballs and two metal sealing rings.The EFCO ROTAGO 8 is particularly suitable forthe lapping-in of metal seal seats and the balls in aball valve. The machine can be used for lappingdifferent types of seal seats and balls with a floatingor guided ball in which the surface and the surfacequality are extremely important.The main features of this machine are:•Simultaneous lapping of the ball and bothseal seats•Siemens SIMATIC S7 controlled•Timer with automatic shut-off•Continuously variable control of the speed of four drives•Independent speed control of individual drives•Rotation direction of the drive changeable•Integrated metering device for lapping oil for continuous dilution of the lapping mixture•Ergonomically adjustable control panel•Continuously variable pressure for pneumatic pressing on, for contact between valve seat and ball•Collection tank for used lapping mixture•Automatic mode for automatic lapping sequence•Pre-programmed for machining ranges from DN 32 to DN 200•Machining parameters selectable and adjustable for all machining ranges •Localized User Interface•Can also be used as a polishing machine for balls to produce high-gloss surfacesTechnical dataDN-range: DN 32–200 (1 ¼”–8”)Ball diameter: Ø50 mm to Ø 300 mm (2”–12”) Max. ball weight: approx. 100 kg (220.5 lbs.) Achievable surface roughness and dimensional accuracyBall dimensional accuracy: min. 0.008mmSurface roughness: min. Ra 0.06µm Recommended surface roughness and dimensional accuracybefore lappingBall dimensional accuracy: ~ 0.02 mmSurface roughness: ~ Ra 0.4µmEnergy sources required from customerPower supply: 230 V/120 V (50/60 Hz)Total output: 2.80 kW(Please inquire if different customer-provided power supply required!)Compressed air (network air): max. 6–7 bar (87–100 psi) Dimensions (L x W x H): 1,800 mm x 1,950 mm x 1,600 mm(71” x 77” x 63”)Overall weight: approx. 900 kg (1,984.2 lbs.)Description of functionThe ball of the valve is clamped to the main spindle in the three-jaw chuck. The ball is supported in the tailstock using a lathe centre. The seal seats are clampedin the three-jaw chucks of the secondary spindles. The seal seats are pressed against the balls using pneumatic cylinders. The entire unit of the secondary spindles oscillates on a circular path around the centre by a drive. The stroke of the forwards and backwards movement can be adjusted. The lapping oil is added automatically by a metering device during the lapping procedure. A precise surface shape between the ball and the sealing sets is created during the lapping procedure via the several different movements between the ball and the seal seats. This machining step provides a perfect seal between the ball and the seal seats.ROTAGO 8 stores its relevant lapping programs for different ball sizes in the machine’s control panel. This way lapping quality and working time areexactly reproducible for a specific ball design and for quality assurance.The operator is free to concentrate on other tasks after having started the lapping cycle.For saving and administration of lapping programs the system provides a password-protected section for the operator.Following parameters are entered in the lapping programs for a respective DN range:•Main spindle rotation speed•Change of rotation direction of the main drive (clockwise, anti-clockwise) or change of rotation direction based on time or position (e. g. for lappingnot the complete ball surface but only certain areas (ball-sectors).•Rotation speed of the auxiliary spindles•Change of rotation direction of the auxiliary spindles (clockwise, anti-clockwise) and change of rotation direction based on sequence time •Oscillation speed•Contact pressure of the auxiliary spindles (intensity of surface treatment) •Quantity of lapping oil (drip intensity)•Total lapping timeControl PanelAll switches and display instruments required for operating the ROTAGO are clearly arranged in groups on the control panel.Manual Control Panel Automatic Control PanelStandard scope of delivery1 pc. Basic machine, complete (incl. chuck)1 set Operating and tool accessories1 set Centring cone for the lathe centre at the tailstock1 set Operating instructions! Not included in the standard scope of delivery:Clamping devices for balls and seat rings required for mounting on themachine. Provision. These can be provided by the customer or, aftertechnical clarification, by EFCO.Consumables included inscope of delivery3 pcs Lapping paste: boron carbidegrain sizes 800, 1,200, 1,500 [0.5 kg (1.1 lbs.) each]10 litres Lapping oil1.5 litres Cleaning liquid! Lapping agent for various balls and seat ringsWe are happy to offer you additionally required lapping agents according to your requirements:•material or coating of the balls and seat rings,•surface quality of the work pieces before lapping,•desired surface quality of the work pieces after lapping.。

CZ 型钻机使用说明书一、冲击钻的结构与工作原理1、结构该钻机是利用钢绳吊重对地面进行冲击而实现钻进的钻孔设备。

其由主轴装置、冲击结构、泥浆及辅助卷筒、机架、桅杆、操纵机构及电器系统组成。

2、工作原理电动机启动后，经三角带轮驱动主轴上的大皮带轮、主轴通过齿轮传动、链传动等装置把动力分配到钻具卷筒、冲击机构、泥浆及辅助卷筒等机构来完成各自的工作。

各执行机构的动作是借助于片式摩擦离合器和牙嵌离合器来实现的。

钻进工作是靠冲击轴的回转运动通过曲柄连杆机构改变为钻具的往复运动而实现的。

泥浆卷筒用于抽取泥浆和护孔；辅助卷筒主要用于下管和处理事故，若再配以滑轮可完成起吊工作。

钻机的冲击次数是通过更换电机皮带轮来实现；而冲程是通过连杆与曲柄铰接点位置的调整来实现。

泥浆卷筒与辅助卷筒安装在同一旋转轴上，它们的传动由牙嵌离合器分别单独带动。

泥浆卷筒、泥浆及辅助卷筒的制动是由带式制动闸控制。

桅杆的升降是靠机架下部的涡轮减速器来完成。

本钻机也可用柴油作为动力，动力方式的选择应在合同中注明。

二、电气系统电气系统由主回路和控制回路组成，采用三相三线制，其由电动机、控制箱、按钮开关等电器件组成。

三、冲击钻的安装与拆卸1、冲击钻机的安装钻机进场前，必须整平场地，备好垫土，工具等。

冲击钻机进场后，必须用垫土将钻机垫高，使轮胎离地，并且调整机架呈水平位置；接通电源后，可启动电机提升桅杆，桅杆起升后，将桅杆底部的螺杆旋出，并支撑到支座上；再将拉杆、架腿、绷绳安装好，并用螺旋调整器来调整拉杆、绷绳的张紧程度。

钻具卷筒钢绳自卷筒引出经冲击梁的导向滑轮和张力滑轮再进入桅杆顶部的钻具滑轮而下垂，其端头与泥浆轴筒连接。

辅助卷筒与桅杆顶部的三个定滑轮配合使用。

2、拆卸钻孔工作完毕，摘下几句、抽筒等，并收回各卷筒钢绳，拆下拉杆，松开桅杆绷绳。

将桅杆底部的螺杆旋出，启动蜗杆减速器，借助绷绳将桅杆拉倒到机架上，并拆卸绷绳。

四、冲击钻机的使用、维护及保养1、使用在钻进前，必须预先检查电机的转动方向及钻机安装的是否符合要求；钻进时，首先通过工作台中心放下护筒管，将该管打入预先挖好的地坑中去，在可能时，尽量使管子上端不高于机器的工作面，然后用泥浆抽筒清楚泥沙，按要求选择钻头，钻杆及钢绳接头，组合成所需的钻具。

SPECIFIC SAFETY RULES
1/2 inch (13mm) l & Hammer Drill
Instruction manual
CATALOG NUMBERS PC650HD PC700D
General Safety Rules
: Read all instructions. Failure to follow all instructions listed below may result in electric shock, fire and/or serious injury. The term “power tool” in all of the warnings listed below refers to your mains-operated (corded) power tool or battery-operated (cordless) power tool.
2
4) Power tool use and care a) Do not force the power tool. Use the correct power tool for your application. The correct power tool will do the job better and safer at the rate for which it was designed. b) Do not use the power tool if the switch does not turn it on and off. Any power tool that cannot be controlled with the switch is dangerous and must be repaired. c) Disconnect the plug from the power source and/or the battery pack from the power tool before making any adjustments, changing accessories, or storing power tools. Such preventive safety measures reduce the risk of starting the power tool accidentally. d) Store idle power tools out of the reach of children and do not allow persons unfamiliar with the power tool or these instructions to operate the power tool. Power tools are dangerous in the hands of untrained users. e) Maintain power tools. Check for misalignment or binding of moving parts, breakage of parts and any other condition that may affect the power tool’s operation. If damaged, have the power tool repaired before use. Many accidents are caused by poorly maintained power tools. f) Keep cutting tools sharp and clean. Properly maintained cutting tools with sharp cutting edges are less likely to bind and are easier to control. g) Use the power tool, accessories and tool bits etc., in accordance with these instructions and in the manner intended for the particular type of power tool, taking into account the working conditions and the work to be performed. Use of the power tool for operations different from those intended could result in a hazardous situation.

Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Many of the questions in this paper relate to an electric hand-held drill similar to the one shown in Figure 1.
(c) Describe the process of chemical etching. (3)
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Method
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................