1明喻(simile)明喻是用来表达两种不同事物之间的相似关系,一般用like或as连接。
如:(1) O my luve is like a red,red roseThat’s newly sprung in June,O my luve is like a melodyThat’s sweetly played in tune.(Robert Burns)(2) The young hunter was as strong as a lion and as keen-eycd as an eagle.类似as…as的用法很普遍,有的成了习惯用语,如:as timid as a mouseas white as snowas black as pitchas busy as a beeEg.The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。
他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2暗喻(metaphor)又称隐喻,暗喻的结构不同于明喻,没有as或like之类的比较关系词,它是隐含的比较。
英语词义通过暗喻方式可以产生转义:When the curtain fell,there was a storm of applause.He was so angry that he stormed about the house.暗喻多用to be结构来联系相比较的两个不同事物的:The society was his college.The guest is God of us.He is one of the dogs of the rich.Children are flowers of the motherland.Eg.He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。
英语修辞手法1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张）It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉）It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
英语修辞学知识要点Chapter 1 Syntactic Devices1. Long and Short Sentences 长句和短句2. The Simple Sentence 简单句3. The Compound Sentence 复合句4. The Complex Sentence 复杂句5. Simple,Compound and Complex Sentences简单句、复合句和复杂句6. Branching Sentences 分支句（松散句和圆周句）7.The Active and the Passive Voiced Sentences 主动句和被动句8. Syntactic Schemes of Balance平衡句｛排比句(parallelism)；对偶句(antithesis)；逆转反复句(chiasmus)｝9. Syntactic Schemes of Inversion倒装句10. Syntactic Schemes of Omission 句子的省略｛省略句(ellipsis)；局部省略句(fragmentary elliptical sentence)；连词省略/散珠(asyndeton)；跳脱(aposiopesis)｝11. Syntactic Schemes of Addition or Insertion 添加句｛连词叠用(polysyndeton)；修正法/换语(epanorthosis)；注释法(exegesis)；扩充法(exergasis) ；并列法(apposition) ；插入法(parenthesis)｝12.Syntactic Schemes of Repetition 反复句｛二项式(binomials)；三项式(trinomials)；多项式(catalogues)；首语重复(syntactic anaphora)；尾语重复(syntactic epiphorea)；首尾语重复(syntactic framing)｝13. Syntactic Schemes of Climax and Anti-climax 层进和突降14. Rhetorcal Question 修辞问句15. Apodioxis 断然拒绝16. Apostrophe 顿呼17. Syntactic Schemes with "it" it句18. Existential Sentences 存在句Chapter 2 Lexical Devices1.Lexical optionsShort words or long words 长短词Common words or learned words 普通词和书面词Formal,informal or colloquial words 正式词、非正式词和口语词General or specific words 一般词和特殊词Concrete or abstract words 具体词和抽象词Referential or emotive words 指称词和情感词Choice between synonymous words 近义词的选择2.choice of abbreviationsAcronyms 首字母缩略词ClippingsBlends 混合词3.Lexical repetitionImmediate repetition连接反复Lexical anaphora 首语反复Lexical epistrophe 尾语反复Symploce首尾语反复Anadiplosis链形反复distant or intermitten repetition间隔反复root repetition 词根反复ploce换义反复Chapter 3 Phonetic Devices and Prose Rhythm 1. Phonetic Devices语音词格Alliteration头韵Assonance元韵Consonance 辅韵Homeoteleuton谐缀格Onomatopoeia拟声Combined use of Phonetic Devices2. Prose Rhythm散文节奏Stress重音Pitch语调Pause and tempo停顿和语速Chapter 4 Figures of Speech1.Simile明喻2.Metaphor暗喻3.Analogy类比4.Personification\physicalification拟人\拟物5.Metonymy借代6.Synecdoche提喻7.Antonomasia换称8.Syllepsis一笔双叙9.Zeugma轭式搭配10.Paradox隽语11.Oxymoron矛盾修饰法12.Hyperbole夸张13.Understatement低调陈述14.Euphemism委婉语15.Irony反语16.Innuendo讥讽17.Sarcasm讽刺18.Transferred Epithet 移就19.Pun双关（antanaclasis语音双关；paronomasia语义双关)20.Epigram警句21.synesthesia通感22.palindrome 回文Chapter 5 Allusions典故的来源和改引。
高级英语第五课第九课第十一课第十二课修辞2011-06-22 09:38:58| 分类：高级英语阅读9 评论0 字号：大中小订阅由于PPT无法上传，只能复制文字版，但是具体的使用修辞的位置就标不出来了，如果需要PPT版，可以留下email，我会及时传给您。
Lesson 5Speech on Hitler's Invasion ofthe U.S.S.RWinston Spencer ChurchillsimileI see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.MetaphorThey will be rounded up in hordes.I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(P79)Means of existence is wrung from the soil...Metaphor“Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organise, and launch this cataract ofhorrors upon mankind…”(p80)We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God‟s help, we ha ve rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.…, that process of destroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all …(p81)MetaphorChurchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. (p78)But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding. (p79)I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey. (P80)MetonymyJust as the industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men‟s muscles and enormously expanded pro ductivity. Alliterationwith its clanking, heel-clicking... (p79)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hunsoldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(79)…, just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe.(p82)Assonance…, with its clanking, heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down …... The Hun soldiery plodding on like crawling locusts....smarting from many a British whipping...(p79)… delighted to find what they believe is a easier and safer prey. (80) RepetitionWe have but one aim and one single purpose. (p80)From this nothing will turn us---nothing.We will never parley, we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…(p80)That is our policy and that is our declarationRepetitionWe shall appeal to all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it, as we shall faithfully and steadfastly…, that process of destroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all … (p81)ParallelismThe past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.I see... .I see... (p79)the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector.(79)Parallelism“Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organise, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…”We will never parley, we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.ParallelismWe shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God‟s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in your effortsto rescue mankind from his tyranny. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources.Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain. (p82)HyperboleI see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil.Periodic sentencesWhen I awoke on the morning of Sunday, the 22nd, the news was brought to me of Hitler‟s invasion of Russia.If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Rhetorical Question…, but can you do ubt what our policy will be? (p80)InversionFrom this nothing will turn us---nothing. (p80)…, but this I will say: if Hitler imagines that his attack on …(p81) Lesson 9Mark Twain --- Mirror of AmericaSimileMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the fa ther of Huck Finn‟s idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer‟s endless summer of freedom and adventure.All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic.MetaphorMark Twain --- Mirror of America…, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.The geographic core, in Twain‟s early years, was the treat valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart.Metaphor…, the vast basi n drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesThe cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied- a cosmos.All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic. Steamboat decks teemed not only with main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. (p151)MetaphorWhen railroads began drying up the demand for steamboat pilots and the Civil War halte d commerce, … (p152)He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada‟s Washoe region.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed.MetaphorMark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles, but he had to leave the city for a while because of some scathing columns he wrote. (p152)Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. (p152)Casually he debunked revered artists and art treasures, and took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.ParallelismMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn‟sidyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer‟s endless summer of freedom and adventure.HyperboleMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn‟s idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer‟s endless summer of freedom and adventure.The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied- a cosmos.PersonificationI found another Twain as well–one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him. (p150) In later life Twain acknowledged that the river had acquainted him with ...Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, to literature's enduring gratitude.(p152)Personification--and when she projects a new surprise, the grave world smiles as usual, and says …well, that is California all over.‟”(p153)-an entry that will determine his course forever.(p153)America laughed with him.(p154)Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.(p155) Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.(p155)AntithesisFrom them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.(p151)Casually he debunked revered artists and art treasures, and took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.Where they have left no sign that they had existed --a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.EuphemismDictating his autobiography late in life, he commented with a crushing sense of despair on men's final release from earthly struggle.AlliterationIt was a splendid population–for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home…(p153)… and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences...MetonymyThe instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in thereporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe.SynecdocheKeelboats, flatboats, and large rafts carried the first major commerce.Lesson 11But What's a Dictionary For?PersonificationThe storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of Webster‟s Third New International Dictionary is a curious phenomenon. (p185)An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a “disappointment,” a “shock ,”a “calamity,” “a scandal and a disaster.”The Yew York Times, in a special editorial, felt that the work would…The Journal of the American Bar Association saw the publication as ...Alliteration--a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life. (p185)AssonanceThe difference, for example, between the much-touted SecondInternational (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961) is not like the difference between … (p186)SynecdocheWhat of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges, to screen entrances and exists?MetonymyThe Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "keep Your Old Webster's,” says, in the first sentence, … (p189)in short, all of these publications are written in the language that the 3rd International describes, even the very editorials which scorn it. (p189)Zeugma (轭式修饰法)the use of a word to modify or govern 2 or more words usu. in such a manner that it applies to each in different sense or makes sense with only one.He lost his hat and his temper.To wage war and peaceZeugmaMiss Bolo went home in a flood of tears and a sedan chair.With weeping eyes and heartsThe issue of New York Times …hail the Second as the authority… and the Third as a scandal…LESSON 12THELOONSMetaphorYou could look out the windows and see, through the filigree of the spruce trees, the water glistening greenly as the sun caught it.(p209)It seemed to me that Piquette must be in some way a daughter of the forest, … (p210)I tried another line. (p211)At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon. (p213)PersonificationThe two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping…The news that somehow had not found its way into letters. Transferred epithetAll around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars.I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way.Transferred epithetMy brother, Roderick, who had not been born when we were here last summer, sat on the car rug in the sunshine and examined a brown spruce core, meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands.MetonymyThose voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home. (our modern civilization)Synecdochethe damn bone‟s flared up againHyperbole… her grimy cotton dresses that were always miles too long. (p207)…those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat worldHyperboleA: Exaggeration by using numerals:1. Thanks a million.2. The middle eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds even thousands of years.3. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil.HyperboleB: Exaggeration by using comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives1. Sherlock Holmes is considered by many people as the greatest detective in fictional literature.2. There was never a child who loved her father more than I do.3. I never saw a prettier sight.4. You write ten times better than any man in the class. HyperboleExaggeration by using extravagant adjectives:1. … where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.2. The burnished copper containers catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.3. The apprentices were incredibly young.HyperboleD. Exaggeration by using noun or verb phrases:1. It is a vast cavern of a room, so thick with the dust of centuries that the mud-brick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible.2. The sister cried her eyes out at the loss of the necklace.Hyperbole3. They beat him into all the colors of rainbow.4. Her dress was always miles too long.5. I was scared to death.6. I sat there for a while, frozen with horror.7. She was so beautiful--- her beauty made the bright world dim.Thank You!评论这张转发至微博0人 | 分享到：阅读(9)| 评论(0)| 引用(0) |举报一个留美女博士的七年:分享给所有还相信梦想的朋友河北省高考分数线历史上的今天相关文章最近读者登录后，您可以在此留下足迹。
