(完整版)牛津版初中英语语法大全,推荐文档

牛津初中英语语法一．名词I.名词的种类：名词普通名词地名.人名，可数名词不可数名词机构名称个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es。

现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：例词一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加-es c le l af-s l-e c a l v as e s s e, s t,h b ie o f x-t-h b i o e x v e e s s,, w kn a i t f c e h--k w n a iv tc e h s,e l s o, a d f i-s l h o-a 变-f 和-fe 为v 再加-es以-f 或-fe 结尾wife-wives词加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-rgulf-gulfs以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，变y 为i 加-es以元音字母加y 结尾的名词，或专有名词以y 结尾的，加-s一般加-es以辅音字母加- 不少外来词加-so 结尾的名词party-parties, family-families, story-stories, cit citiestoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry- h H e e r n o r-y h s eroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, t p o i m an a o t-o p-i t a o n m o a s t,o p e h s oto-photos, auto-autos, kilo-ki solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 以元音字母加-o 结尾的名词加-s r tr a u d t i h o--t r r a u d th io s s, ,m b o a u m th b-o m o-o b u a t m hs b,o m o o s,n z th o-o m-z o o n o t s hs, pat 以-th 结尾的名词加-spaths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：例ma 词n-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, 变名词中的元音字母或其他形式复数相同有复数形式m sh o e u e s p e, -d m e i e c r e, series, means, works, fish, species li, y j a i s n h,e s,trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, p enemy, party数形式表示特别含义加-s customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代),spirits( drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力),g A r m ee e n r s ic(青ans菜, A),u r s u t i r n a s li(a废ns墟, G) ermans, Greeks, Swedes Europeans示“某单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 人”以-man 或-woman 结尾的改为-Englishmen, Frenchwomenmen,-women将主体名词变为复数成名无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, b friendsgrown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。

所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s 构成，二是由介词of 加名词构成。

前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。

1.’s 所有格的构成：数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo数名词一般在末尾加’the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, 不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights,s 结尾的人名所有格加’s 或者’Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均加’s示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末s示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后词省略2.’s 所有格的用法：Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikesJapan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s fath the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s１表示时间today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday2表示自然现象the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry4表示工作群体the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory 5表示度量衡及价值 a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的7名词某些固定词组a th b e ir li d f’e s’s ey ti e m v e i,e t w he, a pl s a to y n’s e’p s lo th t row, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)3.of 所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed二．冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。

I.不定冠词的用法：指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day.表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事用于固定词组中用于quite, rather, many, half, what, uch 之后A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outA Th c a o t u b p o l y e i o s f,ra a th b e it r, a on L c e e i u F p e o n n g.a time, in a hurry, have walk, many a timeThis room is rather a big one.用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. II.定冠词的用法：表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，ft川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of C the French用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China. 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’s用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前III.零冠词的用法：有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名He patted me on the shoulder.名词前词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, ery 等限制Beijing University, Jack, China, love, airI want this book, not that one. / Whose purse this?节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America. 科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.by 连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by landand 连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and nig 示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.三．代词：I. 代词可以分为以下七大类： 人称 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 代词 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 2 物主 形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their 代词 名词性 3 反身代词 my n s e e ,l y f,o y u o rs u ,rs h e is lf ,,h h e i r m s,s i e t l s f ,, o h u e r rse t l h f,e i i t r s s elf, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some5 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/7 不定代词 a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ eitherII. 不定代词用法注意点：1. one, some 与 any:1) one 可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为 ones 。