篇章结构2017

2017考研英语一完形填空解析摘要：1.分析2017考研英语一完形填空题型特点2.解析文章主题及篇章结构3.详解重点难点词汇和句子4.提出解题策略和技巧5.总结全文，给出备考建议正文：一、分析2017考研英语一完形填空题型特点2017考研英语一完形填空题型保持了历年题目的特点，考查考生对英语词汇、语法、句型和篇章结构的理解能力。

文章长度适中，难度稍高，需要考生具备较强的阅读理解和分析能力。

二、解析文章主题及篇章结构2017考研英语一完形填空文章主题为科技与人类生活的关系。

文章通过讲述科技发展如何影响人们的生活方式，强调了科技发展为人类带来的便利和挑战。

文章结构清晰，逻辑性强，有利于考生把握大意。

三、详解重点难点词汇和句子1.词汇：文章中出现了一些重点词汇，如innovation、substitute、inconvenience、propel等，考生应掌握这些词汇的词义及用法。

2.句子：文章中有一些长难句，需要考生具备较强的句子分析能力。

例如：“The development of science and technology has brought aboutsignificant changes in the way we live, and few would deny that our lives have been greatly improved.”这句话为主旨句，表达了文章的主题。

四、提出解题策略和技巧1.快速浏览全文，把握文章主题和大意。

2.分析句子结构，重点关注动词、名词和形容词，推测词汇意义。

3.根据上下文和逻辑关系，判断填空处应填入的词汇。

4.对照选项，分析正确答案的依据。

5.反复阅读，检查答案，确保填空处语义通顺。

五、总结全文，给出备考建议2017考研英语一完形填空题目难度适中，考查了考生的综合英语能力。

要想在完形填空部分取得好成绩，考生需加强词汇、语法和阅读理解能力的训练。

考研英语二阅读讲义篇章结构题（例证题&文章续写题）【例证题】通常情况下，例证题考查例子在文章中的作用。

根据例子在文章中所处的不同位置，将例证题进一步划分为1.开头举例2.细节例证3.全文例证【例证题-开头举例】1.例子的标志：(1)example,case,story(2)人名，数字，话语（直接引语&间接引语）2.题干特征：提问写作意图…is mentioned/noted to suggest that___.The example of…is used to show___.3.解题总则：开头举例目的是为了引出主题。

4.解题技巧开头举例型文章的主题在第一段结尾或第二段开头【典型例题】【2003-1】英一例：42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to_.[A]introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the US[C]give an episode of the information war[D]honor his unique services to the CIA原文：Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World WarⅡand later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information....These days the Net,...,is reshaping Donovan‘s vocation as well.【典型例题】【2006-3】英一例：31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones原文：When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large, slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.例题一【2010-2】例：29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?［A］The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.［B］Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.［C］Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.［D］Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.原文Ⅰ①I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women’s group that had invited men to join them.②Throughout the evening,one man had been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.③Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them.④This man quickly nodded in agreement.⑤He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.”⑥The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt.⑦“It’s true,”he explained.⑧“When I come home from work I have nothing to say.⑨If she didn’t keep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening in silence.”Ⅱ①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.例题二【2013-1】例：21.The joke in Paragraph1is used to illustrate_____.[A]the impact of technological advances[B]the alleviation of job pressure[C]the shrinkage of textile mills[D]the decline of middle-class incomes原文Ⅰ①In an essay entitled“Making It in America,”the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.②The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Ⅱ①Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession,but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.【例证题-细节例证】1.细节例证（小例证）的形式特征：段落中间（至少不在首句）2.解题技巧：返回原文，找到该例证所在位置，搜索该例证周围区域，找到例证支持的观点，通常是该段落首句或小例子的前一句。

凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构第 1 页 共 1 页 2017年考研：英语二新题型解析《2017全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲》今日终于发布。

相较往年，今年大纲提前发布，坊间的很多传言也让很多学生很紧张。

不过可以让广大考生放心的是，大纲并无实质变化。

以下为英语二新题型部分的大纲内容：主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。

本部分有2种备选题型。

每次考试从这2种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者这2种形式中某几种形式的组合进行考查。

本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。

备选题型包括：1)多项对应本部分为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。

要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。

2)小标题对应在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。

这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。

要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。

多项对应这种题型从2010开始考过三次(2011、2012、2014)。

这种题型从某种程度上更趋近于传统阅读的事实细节题，文章的主题有助于解题，但真正解题时则和细节题做题方法一样，根据题干和选项回文定位，然后对定位信息处进行简单的推理或概括，再和选项比对。

而小标题对应则在2013年、2015年和2016年分别考过，这是英语一和英语二新题型唯一的一个重叠的题型。

小标题对应侧重考查段落的一致性特征，这种题型就是要求大家寻找段落的核心信息，然后进行概括，再与选项中的小标题进行匹配。

解题过程类似于传统阅读中的段落推理，找段落主旨。

鉴于英二的复习资料不是特别多，大家可以立足于英语一的新题型，对小标题题进行训练。

从历年真题整体来看，总体难度较低，两种题型都需要学生找到关键词，进行匹配。

七选五题型专题分析学案7选5题型选材特点分析:1.300词左右的说明文或议论文，正文240词左右，选项60词左右2•设空类型：标题类、段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节类3•选项特点：完整句子，按长度排列。

4•文体特点：短文（说明文居多）或对话5•选项特点：选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）过渡性句子（文章结构）注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。

另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。

考查特点：Gap-filling :考察重点主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。

（考试说明）一、篇章结构--- Main idea of the text1、You can take fish oil suppleme nts.You can in vest in a Ian guage class There are coun tlessmethods to improve your memory and cog nitive functioning 36. It ' s called read in g. It is amaz ing how such an ordinary activity can improve your brain in so many ways.The most the basic impact occurs in the brain area associated with Ianguage and reception.Compared with processing spoken Ianguage, reading encourages the brain to work harder and better. 37 A study also found that some of these ben efits lasted for five days.Reading also energizes the region responsible for Motor activity. That ' s because the brain is very lively play actor. When it is reading about a physical activity, the neurons that control that activity get busy as well. You may not actually be ridi ng a horse whe n you are readi ng Sea biscuit, but your brain acts as if it is. 38, the better it is for your overall cognitive performanee.What if you are a poor reader who feels as if you ' ll n ever be able to read eno ugh to harvestthese benefits?39 Scientist studied the children aged the 8 to 10 who were below -average readers.100 hours of readi ng classes sig ni fica ntly improved the quality of their brains ' white matte the tissue that carries signals between areas of gray matter，where information is processed.40 Results from the study indicate that close literary reading gives your brain a better workout than leisurely readi ng. The ability to read it closely n eeds to be developed. So turn off your phone and your computer set aside a good hour or two and just read.A Read ing is good for your health.B A book can fix that problem too.C If you read books on the regular basisD Not all readi ng is actually created equalE And the ben efits continue long after readi ngF The more parts of your brain that gets a workoutG But the most effective way to sharpe n your brain is right hereANSWERS: ____________________Main idea of the text :2、Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “ go out and get some fresh air. ” _____ 36 ___ Acc to recent studies, the an swer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camp ing area is good.__ 37 __ If the air you ' re breathing is clean —which it would be if you ' re away from the sme cities ——then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉） and your brain.Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turnsout that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood（情绪）.Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.___40___While the sun ' s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial VitaminD. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D —but still protect your skin —put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that ' s p time for your skin to absorb a day ' s worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for? C Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly we tend to associate air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. Main idea of the text ：二、微技能1、（2017 全国卷III）In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get up intime to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for yourday? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roomates about the change youwant to make.•Reth ink mornin gs.Now that you know why you want to wake up, ...•Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends .Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel ...A. Find the right motivation（动机）.B. A better plan for sleep can help.2、（2016 全国卷III） Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, andput the blame on the alarm clock. ___ Here is how to make one.A. A better plan for sleep can help.B. Stick to your set bedtime and wake -up time, no matter the day.___They prepare different presents for the coming festival.A People are often busy going shopping.B. Christmas falls on the twenty -fifty of December.3、（2017 全国卷II） I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun -filled holiday in the wilderness.___.Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.A. This time there was no tent.B. Things are going to be improved.C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.4. ______ This is because some people possess certa in qualities, which others do not.A. Some people succeed, while others may notB. As the famous saying goes, “ No pains, no gains. ”5. _____ However, the real movie capital is Mumbai（孟买市）,in India.A. Sometimes they even write the script by hand.B. Most people think that the capital of the movie world is Hollywood, in the USA.6. ___ In other words, whe n you are in love with some one, you may refuse to see anything badabout that pers on.A. Another proverb says “ Love is blind. ”B. Proverbs are found in most cultures and are ofte n very old.7. From my experienee, there are three main reasons why people don ' t cook more often: ability,money, and time. 36 Money is a topic I ' II save for another day. So today I want to give, you some wisdom about how to make the most of them time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule: （14 年课标全国2）A. Try new thin gs.B. Ability is easily improved.G. A little time planning ahead can same a lot of work later on.8. A birthday surpriseNathan woke up early and raced into the kitchen. He saw his family preparing their breakfast just like every other day.________________________ . Where was his birthday cake? Did his family forget his specialday?…A. And there was nobody.B. Where were his birthday presents?C. All he saw was a note on the ground.9. Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise pare nts to bring babies 6 -12 mon ths of ageto the doctor for careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearlyeye exams and follow ing treatme nt, in cludi ng eyeglasses.A. Eat your gree ns.B. Eye care should begin early in life.G. Parents usually don ' t care about their own eyesight.10. Sometimes kids are glad to hear a “ no” from their parents. ____A. There are two types of parents love.B. It seems a happy feeling to get out of parents ' control.11. Whe n we cha nge our jobs or schools, it ofte n leaves us without a friend. __ But for many ofus the process is difficult and requires courage.A. Making new friends comes easy for some people.B. For a frien dship to develop you n eed to stay in touch.三、归纳总结与反思：1、2、。

高中英语阅读文本篇章结构探析作者：刘利娟来源：《知识窗·教师版》2017年第08期一、高中英语篇章结构的重要性书面表达是高中生英语学习必备的一项重要技能，《普通高中英语新课程标准》对高中生英语写作的谋篇布局、立意构思、思维逻辑性和语言连贯性均提出了较高要求。

但在英语写作过程中，很多学生尽管有话可说，但句子、段落之间支离破碎，缺乏自然衔接，导致整篇文章不能成为结构有序、清晰明朗的有机整体。

一篇好文章，不仅要字词、语法表达准确，而且要内容充实、文字通顺、结构严谨。

这不仅需要作者具备扎实的英语基础知识，还需要作者良好的篇章构建能力。

二、高中英语文本篇章结构分析语篇是由一系列连续的句子构成的语言整体，是语言实际交际过程中的产物，它不仅要合乎语法，语义正确，而且在语言上和语用上也要连贯。

语篇分析就是对语篇的衔接和连贯进行分析，对句际关系的类型进行分析，以及对语篇的结构进行分析等。

通过语篇分析，学生能熟练使用连接词、过渡词、功能语义、文体表现手法来表达观点的层次性，从而提高英语文本篇章构建的能力。

1.段落衔接方式任何文章都是由若干段落按照一定结构组成的，段落之间的连贯是语篇连贯的关键。

段落之间不仅存在形式逻辑的衔接，还存在话题的统一性、主题的一致性，以及语义的连贯性。

（1）依靠各段主题句思想的关联，实现段落间的衔接如人教版NSEFC Module2 Unit4 Using language中第一段的主题句（首句）是：“Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth.”第二段的主题句（首句）是：“Dinosaurs died out suddenly about 65 million years ago.”两者都是围绕恐龙灭绝这一事件展开叙述。

（2）通过全文中心思想的串联，实现段落间的衔接如人教版NSEFC Module4 Unit5Reading部分中“Theme Parks - Fun And More Than Fun”的第二段介绍了Disneyland，首句是：“The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland.”第三段介绍了Doolywood，首句是：“Dollywood， in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA，is one of the most unique theme parks in the world.”第四段介绍了England's Camelot Park，首句是：“If you want to experience the ancient days and grea t deeds of English knights and ladies，princes and queens，then England's Camelot Park is the place for you.”依托本文的中心——主题公园，三个段落形成了一个有机的整体。

专题7阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题【构建知识体系】2012-2017年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计【考纲解读】【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向[2012·全国卷Ⅰ，D]Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember somethin g they learned as children but have never practiced ever sinc e. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be st ated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional l earning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swi mming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood ta les such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but o verlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather q uickly the things that we learn in school, because they are an other of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade , is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramm ing, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on t he examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everythi ng he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is reall y necessary for one's future development.68.The author explains the law of over learning by_________.A. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples【答案】68. D【解析】【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，很少出现此类题型，但这一题型在地方高考和模拟试题中时有出现，因此不排除2017年全国高考试题可能会①设置1道篇章结构题，考查考生对整个篇章或其中的某个段落结构和脉络的把握。