下载文档原格式
动词突破篇动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。
动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。
第一讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。
动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少。
因此备考重点是：①动词时态的基本用法②动词语态的基本用法③主谓一致动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)1.一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
单句语法填空①The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②The unmanned Chang’e－4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole－Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑥Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)2．进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
2021高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点1动词形式最常考“谓”与“非谓”要辨清考点1千变万化的谓语动词素能强化20211216219第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2020·河南省豫北名校高三上学期质量评估) Lanzhou beef noodle is one of China’s most representative flour－made foods while pasta (意大利面食) is one famous Western fancy food. An event，“When Lanzhou beef noodle meets pasta” ， __1. connecting__ (connect) city food cultures，was held at the Beijing Ritz－Carlton Hotel on October 11，2021 to show the interaction.Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its __2. tasty__ (taste) beef，soup and noodles. Lanzhou is also qualified as __3. the__ hometown of Chinese beef noodle. __4. As__ one major city along the ancient Silk Road，Lanzhou has witnessed the efforts of our ancestors and their achievements of developing the Silk Road，according to Zhang Hui，deputy director with the Publicity Department of the CPC Committee of Lanzhou.Lanzhou’s cooking culture __5. has developed__ (develop) its own time－honored characteristics over the years. The event will make Lanzhou beef noodle well－known not only across Lanzhou， __6. but__ across the world through the Belt and Road Initiative thanks to the __7. participation__ (participate) of the two countries’noodle masters. It will also improve cultural exchanges，Zhang added. Lanzhou people would like to work with friends at home and abroad __8. to promote__ (promote) the development of cooking and we __9. sincerely__ (sincere) hope more cultural exchanges of this kind __10. will be held__ (hold) in Italy and Lanzhou in the future.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。
高中英语语法之动词用法讲解动词的分类动词按其在句中所充当的句子成分分为谓语动词和非谓语动词一.谓语动词: 用于谓语中的动词称为谓语动词. 按照其能否独立作谓语, 谓语动词又可分为两类:1.能独立作谓语的动词称为完全动词, 即实义动词;2.不能独立作谓语的动词称为不完全动词, 包括: 连系动词, 情态动词, 助动词连系动词有两种: ①.表示特征状态, 如: be, appear看起来, seem看来,似乎, look 看起来, sound听起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, feel 摸起来, remain仍然是; ②.表示变化过程, 如: become变成, get成为, grow变得, turn变成, go变得, prove证明是情态动词和助动词参看其他章节二.非谓语动词: 不充当谓语的动词形式称为非谓语动词, 包括: 不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词, 动名词三种, 它们在句中可以充当主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语等, 具体细节参看第十一章.三.使用实义动词时要注意的问题:1.实义动词分为及物与不及物, 及物动词要求有宾语, 能用于被动语态; 不及物动词不能有宾语, 不能用于被动语态2.实义动词还可分为持续动词与瞬间动词, 前者可以与表示段时间的时间状语连用, 而后者不可. 但瞬间动词的否定式表示“该动作没有发生”, 可视为一种可持续的状态, 并可与段时间状语连用a. They watched the train leave for five minutes. ( watch是持续动词b. I received his letter yesterday. ( receive是瞬间动词c. How long have you joined the army ?(错误: joined是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用d. When did you join the army ? (正确e. How long have you been in the army ? (正确f. How long may I borrow the book ? (错误: borrow是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用g. How long may I keep the book ? (正确h. I haven’t received his letter f or almost two months. (not receive表示“没有收到”, 这一意思可视为一种持续的状态, 因此可以和段时间two months连用四.短语动词的种类: 共有五种不同的短语动词1. “动词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: depend on, look for2. “动词+副词”: 有的相当于及物动词, 如: look up(查找, 有的相当于不及物动词, 如: slow down(慢下来. 这类短语动词的宾语是代词时, 只能放在动词和副词之间, 如: call her up; 这类短语动词的宾语是名词时, 既可放在动词和副词之间, 也可放在副词之后, 如: call Tom up或call up Tom3. “动词+副词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: keep away from4. “动词+名词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: lose sight of5. “be +形容词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: be worthy of动词的形式一.动词的基本形式有: ①.原形; ②.单数第三人称现在时形式, 即词尾加– s / - es;③.过去式; ④.过去分词; ⑤.–ing 形式二.动词第三人称单数现在时形式的构成规则:①.一般情况加-s, 如: works, learns, comes②.动词以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o结尾时, 加-es, 如: passes, fixes, washes, teaches, goes③.动词以辅音字母加y结尾时, 将y变为i, 再加-es, 如: carries, cries, flies, studies三.动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则:1.规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则:①.一般情况下词尾加-ed, 如: worked, wanted, opened, answered, played, obeyed②.以不发音的-e结尾的词在词尾加-d, 如: hope –hoped, like –liked;③.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 将y变为i, 再加–ed, 如: study –studied, try –tried;④.以重读闭音节或-r音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母(x除外的, 双写末尾的辅音字母, 再加-ed, 如: stop –stopped, clap -clapped, plan-planned, refer-referred, admit–admitted, permit –permitted⑤.少数双音节动词, 尽管重音在第一个音节, 仍双写末尾的辅音字母, 然后再加-ed, 如: travel –traveled, program –programmed, 但美式英语不双写辅音字母2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成: (参看不规则动词表四.动词的-ing形式的构成规则:①.一般情况直接加-ing, 如: working, studying, going, seeing, staying②.以不发音的-e结尾, 去掉-e再加-ing, 如: live –living, move-moving;③.以重读闭音节或-r音节结尾, 末尾又只有一个辅音字母(x除外, 将末尾辅音字母双写, 再加-ing, 如: planning, starring, beginning, referring;④.少数几个以-ie结尾的重读开音节动词, 应将-ie变成y, 再加- ing, 如: die –dying, tie –tying, lie –lying⑤.少数双音节动词, 虽然重音在第一音节, 也双写末尾的辅音字母, 然后再加-ing, 如: travel –traveling, 但在美式英语中一般不双写⑥.以非重读的元音字母加-l结尾的动词构成-ing时, l要双写, 再加-ing(美国英语不双写, 如: travelling, quarrelling⑦.注意以下几个词的- ing形式: hoe –hoeing, picnic – picnicking, panic –panicking, dye –dyeing。
外研版高中英语语法 WEIHUA system office room 【WEIHUA 16H-WEIHUA WEIHUA8Q8-第1讲 简单句的五种基本结构英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型结构如下：主语 谓语 用符号表示为： ① Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） ② Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）③ Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）主语（subject ）谓语（predicate ） 宾语（object ）定语（attribute ） 状语(adverbial)补语（complement ） 表语（predicative ）考点1. 基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring, live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, graduate, die, care, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如:It is raining now. (Ｓ Ｖ)We've worked for 5 hours. (Ｓ Ｖ)The meeting lasted half an hour. (Ｓ Ｖ)Time flies. (Ｓ Ｖ)练习1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种 1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( ) 2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( ) 3.He is smiling all over his face. ( ) 4.I did well in English. ( ) 5. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( ) 考点2. 基本句型 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词有些时候也可作系动词，有人称之为半系动词。
高中英语必会语法：动词的分类，一篇全覆盖！一. 动词概说1. 动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。
1)表示动作：swim游泳；push推2)表示状态：have有；be是2. 英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。
二. 动词的分类1. 谓语动词和非谓语动词从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看，动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。
1) 谓语动词有人称和数的变化。
如：He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。
Facts aremore eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。
We havefriends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
An apple fallsby the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。
2) 非谓语动词非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，在句子里都不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
如：I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。
(动词不定式)Smokingis harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。
(动名词)I heard them singingthe Internationale。
我听见他们唱《国际歌》。
(现在分词)Spokenwords are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。
(过去分词)2. 实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词从其含义来分，动词有实义动词(notional verb)，连系动词(link verb)，情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。
1) 实义动词实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语动词。
如：The sun shonebrightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。
He likesto go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。
高考英语语法：谓语动词总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态:英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing过去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing将来shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am /is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be 2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX过去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX将来shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done主动语态在主动语态中, 高中英语中常见的有十二个时态一.一般现在时:1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示2.用法:①.表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作a. It is fine today.b. I am a student.c. I get up at six every day.d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.②.表示客观事实或普遍真理a. Japan is to the east of China.b. The sun rises in the east.c. A horse is a useful animal.③.表示将来确定会发生的动作(如己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等a. My train leaves at 6:30.b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.④.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.c. I will be away when he arrives.d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.⑤.在某些以here / there开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.b. There goes the bell.⑥.在体育比赛过程中, 解说员叙述迅速, 短暂动作时, 可用一般现在时, 表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots –a fine shot !⑦.在剧本或图片的说明文字中, 用一般现在时表示动作a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.二.现在进行时:1.构成: am / is / are doing2.用法:①.表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作a. I am writing a letter.b. My mother is making a dress these few days.②.表示即将发生的动作(如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作), 常见的有这种用法的动词有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用a. They are going to Shanghai on Frid ay.b. John is coming here next week.③.现在进行时动词与always, continually, constantly等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作a. The little boy is always asking questions.b. You are always saying that sort of thing.④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般现在时动词表述现在发生的事实, 后一句用现在进行时动词来阐述这一事实的原因, 结果, 目的等a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皱着眉头, 因为他在为他的孩子担心. (is worrying表示原因)b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批评他, 想纠正他的坏习惯. (is trying表示目的)c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他惯坏了. ( is spoiling表示结果)⑤.不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉, 感觉, 看法, 认识, 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, ow n, have, be, seem等三.现在完成时:1.构成: have / has done2.用法:①.表示动作在说话之前己经完成, 而后果或影响至今仍存在a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)c. The concert has started. ( =The concert sta rted and is now going on. )d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )②.表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语a. I have studied English since 1987.b. He has lived here for two years.c. He has been ill for ten days.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:①.现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关②.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in 等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning, today, this week, this year等连用a. She has already come.b. I have met him before.c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?e. I have seen him this morning.四.现在完成进行时:1.构成: have / has been doing2.特征: 现在完成进行时兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者的特点①.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在产生影响②.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于teach是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)3.用法:①.表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止a. I h ave been reading the book all the morning.b. He has been staying here for two hours.c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.②.表示现在之前的一段时间里一再重复的动作a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信(强调结果)b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信(强调一直在写)c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调读过这一结果)d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书(强调一直在读)。
⾼中英语语法通霸谓语和⾮谓语动词主动关系和被动关系讲解⾼中英语语法通霸1：什么是谓语动词和⾮谓语动词的区别主动关系和被动关系在英语中，⼀个主谓结构（简单句）中只能有⼀个谓语动词，再出现动词时，要变成⾮谓语形式，即：在前⾯加to构成动词不定式，或在后⾯加-ing构成动名词或现在分词，或在后⾯加-ed构成过去分词。
也就是说，⾮谓语是指动词在句⼦不作谓语时所使⽤的形式，即：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
练习1.先找出句中的谓语，然后改正句中的错误，并说明原因。
1.Get up early is good for our health.早起有利于我们的⾝体健康。
2.I want go home now. 我现在想回家。
3.My favorite sport is play football.我最喜爱的运动是踢⾜球。
4.There is a bird sings in the tree.有⼀只鸟正在树上唱歌。
5.The boy sits over there likes singing.坐在那边的那个男孩喜欢唱歌。
6.The house was built last year has been sold out.去年建的那座房⼦已经出售了。
7.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.在那边唱歌的那些⼥孩是我的同学。
8.My parents wanted him work hard.我⽗母亲想让他努⼒学习。
9.I remember saw him that day.我记得那天看见过他。
10. I saw him walked into the building.我看到他跑进那座建筑物。
考点1.主动关系和被动关系先看下⾯两个题：①______ wonderful, this kind of food enjoyed a good sale.A. TastedB. Being tastedC. TastingD. Having tasted②The food ______ delicious q329950885sells well.A. smellsB. smelledC. smellingD. is smelling⼀些同学分别选A和B。
