托福阅读的3种易错题型

托福阅读题型详解：分类与解题技巧2023年，随着全球化的进一步发展和跨境教育的日益普及，托福考试已成为了全球范围内最具权威性的语言考试之一。

而在托福考试中，阅读部分一直是考生相对难以突破的一道坎。

本文旨在对托福阅读题型进行分类与解题技巧的详细讲解，帮助考生更好地应对阅读考试。

一、托福阅读题型分类在托福阅读部分，一般分为三大类：细节题、推理题和总结题，下面具体介绍一下三种题型的特点和解题技巧：1.细节题细节题是指以文章中的细节为媒介提出的问题。

所谓细节，便是文章中一些具体的，表层的，量化的或可操作的信息。

细节题主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解程度和记忆力。

具体而言，托福阅读部分的细节题主要有以下类型：A. 主旨细节题主旨细节题是指要求你根据文章中的某一部分，找到该部分的主旨或大意的题目。

解题技巧和句子理解题类似，要求考生准确地理解文章中的每个词汇及其所连接的关系，深入理解文章的主旨和重点。

B. 词汇细节题一般而言，该类细节题目会出现在文章的上下文中，要求考生根据所在的段落，结合上下文的意思和语境，准确理解生词的含义。

有时候，在文章里面出现一些同义替换的搭配，考生必须从文章上下文中寻找到有关铺垫，正确把握词义。

C. 时间细节题时间细节题要求考生根据文章的时间线索，回答来自文章的某一部分的问题。

在答题过程中，重点关注时间标记或者表述来帮助理解答案。

2.推理题推理题一般通过文章材料与题目之间的关系，推断出答案。

与细节题相比，推理题考查考生的逻辑思维能力和推理能力。

具体而言，托福阅读部分的推理题主要有以下类型：A. 推断态度题在此类题目中，通常会给出某人的语境或情况，要求考生根据自己理解的情况或背景，推断出这个人的态度。

此时需要考生仔细分析人物在文章中所扮演的角色，关注思想，性格，语气等方面的具体表现，以此推断出要求的妇女内心态度。

B. 推断论据题推断论据题是在文章中给出的一些事实、细节或例子，要求考生据此推断出文章作出的结论。

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2019 年托福考试阅读理解模拟练习题及答案Hormones in the BodyUp to the beginning of the twentieth century,the nervoussystem was thought to control all communication within thebody and the resulting integration of behavior.Scientists haddetermined that nerves ran,essentially,on electricalimpulses.These impulses were thought to be the engine forthought,emotion,movement,and internal processes such asdigestion.However,experiments by William Bayliss and ErnestStarling on the chemical secretin,which is produced in thesmall intestine when food enters the stomach,eventuallychallenged that view.From the small intestine,secretin travelsthrough the bloodstream to the pancreas.There,it stimulatesthe release of digestive chemicals.In this fashion,the intestinalcells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the productionof different chemicals in a different organ,the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought torequire control by the nervous system;Bayliss and Starlingshowed that it could occur through chemicals alone.Thisdiscovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer“to to secretin,taking it from the Greek word hormon,meaningexcite ”or “to set in motion. ”A hormone is a chemicalproduced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered,they werecategorized,primarily according to the process by which theyoperated on the body.Some glands(which make up the endocrinesystem)secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.Suchglands include the thyroid and the pituitary.The exocrinesystem consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream,primarily fordigestion.The pancreas is one such organ,although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery.Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would causeimmediate death.The most abundant hormones have effectsthat are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track ：They modify moods and affect human behavior,even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary.Hormonal systems are very intricate.Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite,calm aggression,and change the attitude of a parent toward achild.Certain hormones accelerate the development of thebody,regulating growth and form;others may even define an individual ’s personality characteristics.The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age,soscientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviatingailments associated with aging.In fact,some hormone therapies are already very common.A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings,sudden changes in body temperature,and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.Known as hormone replacement therapy(HRT),the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones.At leastone study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heartdisease and certain types of cancer.HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots —dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major bloodvessels —will form.Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence,recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with theirabilities to live normal lives.Human growth hormone may also be given to patients whoare secreting abnormally low amounts on their own.Because ofthe complicated effects growth hormone has on the body,such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.Growth hormone affectsnot just physical size but also the digestion of foodand the aging process.Researchers and family physicians tendto agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases inwhich the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.27.The word engine in the passage is closest in meaningto(A)desire(B)origin(C)science(D)chemical28.The word it in the passage refers to(A)secretin(B)small intestine(C)bloodstream(D)pancreas29.The word spurred in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)remembered(B)surprised(C)invented(D)motivated30.To be considered a hormone,a chemical produced in the body must(A)be part of the digestive process(B)influence the operations of the nervoussystem (C)affect processes in a different part ofthe body (D)regulate attitudes and behavior31.The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3are categorized according to(A)whether scientists understand their function(B)how frequently they release hormones into the body(C)whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process(D)whether they secrete chemicals into the bloodParagraph 3 is marked with an arrow[→］32.The word key in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)misunderstood(B)precise(C)significant(D)simple33.The word minute in the passage is closest in meaningto(A)sudden(B)small(C)changing(D)noticeable34.Which of the sentences below best expressesthe essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(A)Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body.(B)Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure,scientists remain unsure how far-reaching theireffects on moods and actions are.(C)When the body is not producing enough hormones,urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage.(D)The influence of many hormones is not easy tomeasure,but they can affect both people ’s psychology and actions extensively.35.The word tempered in the passage is closestin meaning to(A)decreased(B)advertised(C)prescribed(D)researched36.Which patients are usually treated with growthhormone?(A)Adults of smaller statue than normal(B)Adults with strong digestive systems(C)Children who are not at risk from the treatment(D)Children who may remain abnormally small37.Which of the following sentences explains the primarygoal of hormone replacement therapy?These sentences are highlighted in the passage.(A)The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age,so scientists have given a great deal of studyto shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes ofalleviating ailments associated with aging.(B)A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce moodswings,sudden changes in body temperature,and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of thosehormones as they enter middle age.(C)HRT may also increase the likelihood that bloodclots —dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.(D)Because of the complicated effects growth hormonehas on the body,such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.38.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The body isa complex machine,however,and recent studies have calledinto question the wisdom of essentially trying to fool its systemsinto believing they aren ’t aging.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.39.Directions ：An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided plete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some sentences do not belongin the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in thepassage.This question is worth 2 points.The class of chemicals called hormones was discovered by two researchers studying a substance produced in the small intestine.Answer ChoicesThe term hormone is based on a Greek word that means"to excite"or"to set in motion."Researchers are looking for waysto decrease the dangers of treatments with growth hormone so that more patients can benefit from it.Hormones can be given artificially,but such treatments have risks and must be used carefully.Hormones can affect not only life processes such as growth but also behavior and emotion.Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system but also certain chemicals can affect bodilyprocesses far from their points of origin.Hormonereplacement therapy(HRT)may increase the risk of bloodclots and heart disease in middle-age women.Answer KeysReading：27.B28.A29.D30.C31.D32.C33.B34.D35.A36.D37.A38.third square39.1)Scientists have discovered that not only thenervous system .2)Hormones can affect not only life processes?..3)Researchers are looking for ways to decrease thedangers of .。

托福阅读30题评分对照表提升托福阅读效率方法大家在备考托福阅读的时候需要对托福的评分有一个了解，这和我们的考试得分有一定的联系，为大家分享了托福阅读题的评分对照表，一起来看看吧！1 词汇题问法：The word/phrase XXX is closest in meaning to____技巧：（1）首先看是否认识。

如果认识，在选项中找同义或近义词，并代入原文检验。

如果不认识，将4个选项代入原文，看上下文是否合理。

（2）看原词所在句子前后2句，找重复对应。

（3）如果选项中有2个选项都在上下文中合理，选择在含义上与原词沾边的词。

（4）选项中不认识的词不要轻易去选。

做题顺序：看单词，看选项，原文验证。

2 指代题问法：The word they/ their/ it/ its/ some in the passage refers to技巧：（1）单复数it找单数名词或名词性词组。

they找复数名词或名词性词组。

（2）在主从复合句，并列句中，后半句的代词主语优先指代前半句主语的核心词（有例外，要从意义判断）。

（3）简单句中，代词优先指代主语核心词，次之指代宾语核心词。

（4）代词所在句子找不到合适的指代，优先指代前一句主语，次之指代后一句宾语。

（5）一句话中，相同的代词指代相同。

3 直接事实题问法：According to the passage， what/ which/ why/ when？技巧：定位原文，细读。

4 infer题（需要精确理解）注意：既然是infer， imply，就一定不是原文中明确说的。

技巧：（1）时间前后推理。

（2）排除法。

（3）不要加入自己的观点。

5 举例说明概述题（例子的作用）技巧：（1）重点不是例子本身，而是举例子的目的及例子的服务对象。

（2）概述的同义改写就是答案。

6 EXCEPT列举题技巧：重视文中三个或三个以上的列举定位：核心关键词 such as n1， n2，n3………A， B， and/ orC.7 插入句子题技巧（1）待插入的句子中，代词this，these their，it，such，he， another 这些通常是上一句提过的，所以才特指。