电气自动化专业英语翻译

Section 1 Introduction 第一节介绍The modern society depends on the electricity supply more heavily than ever before.现代社会比以往任何时候对电力供应的依赖更多。

It can not be imagined what the world should be if the electricity supply were interrupted all over the world. 如果中断了世界各地的电力供应，无法想像世界会变成什么样子Electric power systems (or electric energy systems), providing electricity to the modern society, have become indispensable components of the industrial world. 电力系统（或电力能源系统），提供电力到现代社会，已成为产业界的不可缺少的组成部分。

The first complete electric power system (comprising a generator, cable, fuse, meter, and loads) was built by Thomas Edison –the historic Pearl Street Station in New York City which began operation in September 1882. 托马斯爱迪生建立了世界上第一个完整的电力系统（包括发电机，电缆，熔断器，计量，并加载）它就是位于纽约市具有历史意义的珍珠街的发电厂始于1882年9月运作。

This was a DC system consisting of a steam-engine-driven DC generator supplying power to 59 customers within an area roughly 1.5 km in radius. The load, which consisted entirely of incandescent lamps, was supplied at 110 V through an underground cable system. 这是一个直流系统，由一个蒸汽发动机驱动的直流发电机其供电面积约1.5公里至59范围内的客户。

第一章第一篇sectiongTwo variables u(t) and i(t) are the most basic concepts in an electric circuit, they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuitu(t)和i(t)这两个变量是电路中最基本的两个变量，它们刻划了电路的各种关系。

Charge and CurrentThe concept of electric charge is the underlying principle for explaining all electrical phenomena. Also, the most basic quantity in an electric circuit is the electric charge. Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C). 电荷和电流电荷的概念是用来解释所有电气现象的基本概念。

也即，电路中最基本的量是电荷。

电荷是构成物质的原子微粒的电气属性，它是以库仑为单位来度量的。

We know from elementary physics that all matter is made of fundamental building blocks known as atoms and that each atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons. We also know that the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210×10 19C, while a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron. The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged. 我们从基础物理得知一切物质是由被称为原子的基本构造部分组成的，并且每个原子是由电子，质子和中子组成的。

电气工程及其自动化专业必背术语-翻译electrical infrastructure 电气基础设施electrical installation 电气安装技术equations set 方程组four-layer 四层hookup接线图human machine interface 人机界面impedance阻抗incidence 入射incident wave 入射波incorporated 合成一体的instantaneous 瞬间的interleaved 交叉load admittance 负载导纳lumped 集中的modal模式的modeling 建模motor management systems 电机管理系统mounting pads安装垫片noise margins噪音安全系数proximity effect 邻近效应terminator终结器undershoot 负脉冲信号；下冲transistor 晶体管audion三极管capacitance电容Diesel 柴油机AC-motors交流电机transistor晶体管coupling联结耦合current carrying capacity 载流能力(最大允许电流) conductivity 传导性in isolation绝缘lead导线leakage current泄漏电流inductance 感应系数loops线圈macroprocessor微处理器multimedia show多媒体展示medium-power distribution 中压配电motor and soft starters 电机及软起动器numerical controls数控系统optimal最佳的，最理想的radian弧度overload relays 过载继电器overshoot 过冲peak current 峰值电流power dissipation电力分散process automation 过程自动化punch穿孔，冲压reactance 电抗recharge再充regulated power supply稳压电源resistance 阻抗resistor 电阻器resonate 共振self-inductance 自感应series inductance 串联感应simulation 模拟switching 配电、交流thermal cycle 热循环thickness厚度voltage regulator 调压器resistive 有抵抗力的process instrumentation and analytics过程仪表及分析仪器warping扭曲，变形wiring layout线路配置图AC-drives交流变频器asymmetrical 非对称的attenuation 衰减bridged impedance桥接阻抗cable bridge 电缆桥架charge 电荷circuit schematic diagram电路原理图解coefficient 系数configuration构造constant 常量copper sheet铜片damping 阻尼decomposition 分解decouple 分离delay circuit 延迟电路dielectric sheets 介电原片diode clamping 钳位edge connector边缘连接器schematic 示意图services&industry solutions 服务和工业解决方案。

Semiconductor switches are very important and crucial components in power electronic systems.these switches are meant to be the substitutions of the mechanical switches,but they are severely limited by the properties of the semiconductor materials and process of manufacturing. 在电力电子系统，中半导体开关是非常重要和关键部件。

半导体开关将要替换机械开关,但半导体材料的性质和生产过程严重限制了他们。

Switching losses开关损耗Power losses in the power eletronic converters are comprised of the Switching losses and parasitic losses. 电力电子转换器的功率损耗分为开关损耗和寄生损耗the parasitic losses account for the losses due to the winding resistances of the inductors and transformers,the dielectric losses of capacitors,the eddy and the hysteresis losses. 寄生损失的绕组电感器、变压器的阻力、介电损耗的电容器,涡流和磁滞损耗the switching losses are significant and can be managed. 这个开关损耗是非常重要的,可以被处理。

they can be further divided into three components:(a)the on-state losses,(b)the off-state losses and the losses in the transition states. 他们可以分为三个部分: 通态损耗，断态损耗和转换过程中产生的损耗。

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第二章第一篇To say that we live in an age of electronics is an understatement. From the omnipresent integrated circuit to the equally omnipresent digital computer, we encounter electronic devices and systems on a daily basis. In every aspect of our increasingly technological society— whether it is science, engineering, medicine, music, maintenance, or even espionage—the role of electronics is large, and it is growing.谈论关于我们生活在一个电子学时代的论调是一种空泛的论调。

从无处不在的集成电路到同样无处不在的数字计算机，我们在日常活动中总会遇到电子设备和电子系统。

在我们日益发展的科技社会的方方面面——无论是在科学、工程、医药、音乐、维修方面甚至是在谍报方面——电子学的作用是巨大的，而且还将不断增强。

In general, all of the tasks with which we shall be concerned can be classified as "signal-processing“tasks. Let us explore the meaning of this term一般说来，我们将要涉及到的工作被归结为“信号——处理”工作，让我们来探究这个术语的含义吧。

A signal is any physical variable whose magnitude or variation with time contains information. This information might involve speech and music, as in radio broadcasting, a physical quantity such as the temperature of the air in a room, or numerical data, such as the record of stock market transactions. The physical variables that can carry information in an electrical system are voltage and current. When we speak of "signals", therefore, we refer implicitly to voltages or currents. However, most of the concepts we discuss can be applied directly to systems with different information-carrying variables. Thus, the behavior of a mechanical system (in which force and velocity are the variables) or a hydraulic system (in which pressure and flow rate are the variables) can often be modeled or represented by an equivalent electrical system. An understanding of the behavior of electrical systems, therefore, provides a basis for understanding a much broader range of phenomena. 信号就是其与时间有关的量值或变化包含信息的任何物理变量。

Semiconductor switches are very important and crucial components inpower electronic systems.these switches are meant to be the substitutionsof the mechanical switches,but they are severely limited by the properties of the semiconductor materials and process of manufacturing.在电力电子系统，中半导体开关是特别重要和重点零件。

半导体开关将要替代机械开关,但半导体资料的性质和生产过程严重限制了他们。

Switching losses开关消耗Power losses in the power eletronic converters are comprised of the Switching losses and parasitic losses.电力电子变换器的功率消耗分为开关消耗和寄生消耗the parasitic losses account for the losses due to the winding resistances of the inductors and transformers,the dielectric losses ofcapacitors,the eddy and the hysteresis losses.寄生损失的绕组电感器、变压器的阻力、介电消耗的电容器, 涡流和磁滞消耗the switching losses are significant and can be managed.这个开关消耗是特别重要的, 能够被办理。

they can be further divided into three components:(a)the on-state losses,(b)the off-state losses and the losses in the transition states.他们能够分为三个部分:通态消耗，断态消耗和转换过程中产生的消耗。

电气自动化专业英语第六,七,八章翻译第六章的参考译文：仅供参考，不恰当的地方，请自行修改补充，欢迎通过Email（qiulk@）进行讨论和交流。

?6.1?直流电动机的类型?市场上可购买到的电动机基本上分为四种类型：①永磁直流电机；②串励直流电机；③并励直流电机；④复励直流电机。

因其电路布局和物理性质，使得每一种电机具有不同的特点。

?6.1.1?永磁直流电机?永磁直流电机，如图6.1所示，其结构与相对应的直流发电机的结构相同。

永磁直流电机用于低力矩的应用场合。

当使用此种电机时，通过电刷-换向器装置，直接将电源连接到电枢导体上。

磁场由安装在定子上的永磁体产生，永磁直流电机的转子是一个绕线式电枢。

?该类型电机通常采用铝镍钴合金或陶瓷永磁体，而不是励磁线圈。

铝镍钴合金永磁体用于大马力的应用场合。

陶瓷永磁体通常用于小马力低转速的电机。

陶瓷永磁体具有较高的抗去磁能力，但磁通水平相对较低。

这些磁体通常安装在电机的机壳上，并在电枢绕组插入之前进行磁化。

?永磁直流电机与传统的直流电机相比有几个优点，一个优点是降低了运行成本；永磁电机的速度特性与并励直流电机的速度特性相似；永磁电机的旋转方向可以通过调换两根电源线而实现反转。

?6.1.2?串励直流电机?直流电机电枢和励磁电路的接线方式决定了电机的基本特性。

每一种类型的直流电机具有与之对应类型的直流发电机相似的结构，在多数情况下，唯一的区别在于发电机是作为一个电压源，而电动机是一个机械能转换装置。

?串励直流电机，如图6.2所示，其电枢和励磁电路以串联的方式连接起来。

只有一条从直流电压源的电流通路。

因而，励磁线圈由大线径导线、以相对少的匝数绕制而成的，使得励磁绕组的电阻较小。

施加到电机轴上电机负载的变化导致流经励磁线圈的电流发生变化。

如果机械负载增加，则电流也增大。

增大的电流产生一个更强的磁场。

串励电机的转速在空载下的很快与重载下的很慢之间变化。

由于大电流流过励磁线圈，所以串励电机可产生大力矩输出。

电气自动化专业英语（翻译1-3）指示电压，内阻相对高一些时，这个表可以用来测量电压值。

第一部分：电子技术注意：不管如何设计，指针移动的距离取决于线圈的电流值。

第一章电子测量仪表为了让这类表用在交流电中，在设计时必须作微小的改电子技术人员使用许多不同类型的测量仪器。

一些工作需要动。

整流器可以把交流变成直流电。

整流器合并进仪表中并且精确测量面另一些工作只需粗略估计。

有些仪器被使用仅仅是量程要指示出正确的交流电压值。

整流器类型的仪表不能用于确定线路是否完整。

最常用的测量测试仪表有：电压测试仪，直流电中并且它一般被设计成电压表。

电压表，欧姆表，连续性测试仪，兆欧表，瓦特表还有瓦特小如图1。

2，电测力计是另一种能用于交流电的既能作安培时表。

表也能作电压表的仪器。

它由两个固定线圈和一个移动线圈构所有测量电值的表基本上都是电流表。

他们测量或是比成。

这三个线圈通过两个螺旋型弹簧串联在一起。

这个弹簧支较通过他们的电流值。

这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的撑住移动线圈。

当电流流行性过线圈时移动线圈顺时针方向移量程，以便读出期望的数值。

动。

1．1安全预防电测力计因为属永久磁铁型仪表，量程不是均匀分布的。

仪表的正确连接对于使用者的安全预防和仪表的正确维作用在动线圈上的力根据流过该线圈的电流平方来变化。

有必护是非常重要的。

仪表的结构和操作的基本知识能帮助使用者要在量程开始比量程结束分割的密一点。

分割点之间距离越大，按安全工作程序来对他们正确连接和维护。

许多仪表被设计的仪表的读数越精确。

争取精确的读值是重要的。

只能用于直流或只能用于交流，而其它的则可交替使用。

注意：移动叶片结构是仪表的另一种类型。

电流流过线圈引起两每种仪表只能用来测量符合设计要求的电流类型。

如果用在不个铁片（叶片）磁化。

一个叶片是可动的，另一个是固定的。

正确的电流类型中可能对仪表有危险并且可能对使用者引起伤在两个叶片间的磁的作用引起可动叶片扭转。

移动的数值取决害。

第二章第一篇To say that we live in an age of electronics is an understatement. From the omnipresent integrated circuit to the equally omnipresent digital computer, we encounter electronic devices and systems on a daily basis. In every aspect of our increasingly technological society— whether it is science, engineering, medicine, music, maintenance, or even espionage—the role of electronics is large, and it is growing.谈论关于我们生活在一个电子学时代的论调是一种空泛的论调。

从无处不在的集成电路到同样无处不在的数字计算机，我们在日常活动中总会遇到电子设备和电子系统。

在我们日益发展的科技社会的方方面面——无论是在科学、工程、医药、音乐、维修方面甚至是在谍报方面——电子学的作用是巨大的，而且还将不断增强。

In general, all of the tasks with which we shall be concerned can be classified as "signal-processing“tasks. Let us explore the meaning of this term一般说来，我们将要涉及到的工作被归结为“信号——处理”工作，让我们来探究这个术语的含义吧。

A signal is any physical variable whose magnitude or variation with time contains information. This information might involve speech and music, as in radio broadcasting, a physical quantity such as the temperature of the air in a room, or numerical data, such as the record of stock market transactions. The physical variables that can carry information in an electrical system are voltage and current. When we speak of "signals", therefore, we refer implicitly to voltages or currents. However, most of the concepts we discuss can be applied directly to systems with different information-carrying variables. Thus, the behavior of a mechanical system (in which force and velocity are the variables) or a hydraulic system (in which pressure and flow rate are the variables) can often be modeled or represented by an equivalent electrical system. An understanding of the behavior of electrical systems, therefore, provides a basis for understanding a much broader range of phenomena. 信号就是其与时间有关的量值或变化包含信息的任何物理变量。

Section 3 Operation and Control of Power Systems 第3节操作和控制的电力系统The purpose of a power system is to deliver the power the customers require in real time, on demand, within acceptable voltage and frequency limits, and in a reliable and economic manner. 该系统的目的，权力是为客户提供电力的时间为客户需要实际需求，对，在可接受的电压和频率的限制，在一个可靠和经济的方式。

In normal operation of a power system, the total power generation is balanced by the total load and transmission losses. 在电力系统正常运行的，总发电是平衡的总负荷和传输的损失。

The system frequency and voltages on all the buses are within the required limits, while no overloads on lines or equipment are resulted. 该系统的频率和电压的所有公共汽车都在规定的限额，而没有超载或设备上线造成的。

However, loads are constantly changed in small or large extents, so some control actions must be applied to maintain the power system in the normal and economic operation state. 但是，负载不断变化幅度小或大，所以一些控制行动必须适用于维持在正常和经济运行状态的电力系统。

able [`eibl] adj.能够abnormal [Qb`n?:m"l] adj.异常abort ["`b?:t]中断,停止absent [`Qbs"nt] adj. 不在的，缺少的acceleration [Qk.sel"`reiS"n] n. 加速，加速度access [`Qkses] vt. 存取,进入，接近action [`QkS"n]. 动作actuator [`Qktjueit"]n.操作(执行)机构,执行器address ["`dres] 地址adjust ["`d??st] 调整，校正adjustable wrench 活扳手adjustable ["`d??st"bl] 可调整的adjusting screw 调整螺钉adjustment ["`d??stment] 调节、调节装置air compressor空压机 [k"m`pres"] 压缩机air exhaust fan排气扇[ig`z?:st] 排气，抽完air [e"]风，空气alarm ["`lam] 报警align ["`lain] 定位，对准，调整alternating current AC 交流电 [?:l`t?:n"t] 轮流，交替ambient temp 环境温度ambient [`Qmbi"t] 周围的，环境的ammeter [`Qmit"] n. 电流表，安培计amp [Qmp] n. 安培ampere [`QmpE"] n. 安培amplifier [`Qmplifai"] n. 放大器，扩音器analog input [`Qn"l?g] 模拟量输入analog output 模拟量输出analog signal 模拟信号[`Qn"l?g] [`signl]analog [`Qn"l?g] 模拟analog-to-digital A/D 模数转换 [`did?it"l]angle valve 角伐angle [`QNgl] 角度application program 应用程序 [.Qpli`keiS"n] 请求,应用arc [a:k] 电弧，弧光area [`e"ri"] 面积，区域arrester [e`rest"] 避雷器assemble line装配线，生产线["`sembl]assemble ["`sembl] 安装，组装asynchronous motor 异步马达 [ei`siNkr"n"s]atomizing [`Qtm"s.fi"] 雾化attention ["`tenS"n] 注意auto reclose 自动重合闸autoformer 自耦变压器automatic [.?:t"``mQtik] AUTO 自动automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器 [`regjuleit"] auxiliary [?:g`zilj"ri] AUX 辅助的avoid ["`v?id] 避免,回避avometer ["`v?mit"]万用表,安伏欧表计axis [`Qksis] 轴,轴线back pressure 背压back up 支持，备用back wash 反冲洗baffle [`bQfl] 隔板bag filter 除尘布袋balance [`bQl"ns] 平衡,称，天平ball [bc:l] 球bar [ba:] 巴，条杆base [beis] 基础、根据battery [`bQt"ri] n. 电池bearing [`bE"riN] BRG 轴承bell [bel] 铃,钟 (ring 铃声，环)belt tension 皮带张力 [`tenS"n]belt [belt]带，皮带bi rate [bai reit] n.比特率binary [`bain"ri] 二进制，双bit [bit] 比特（二进制）black [blQk] 黑色blade [bleid] 叶片bleed [bli:d] 放气，放水blow [bl"u] 吹blown [`bl"un] 熔断的blue [blu:] 蓝色boiler BLR [`b?il"] 锅炉bolt [b"ult] 螺栓、拧螺丝boolean [`bu:li"n] n. 逻辑boost [bu:st] BST增压，提高boost pump BP 升压泵bore [b?:] 孔，腔both [b"UT] 双方，两者都bottom [`b?t"m] 底部bracket [`brQkit]支架，托架，括号brake [breik] 刹车，制动器，闸break [breik] 断开，断路、破裂、折断breaker coil 跳闸线路breaker [`breik"]断路器，隔离开关brown [braun] 棕色brush [br?S] 电刷，刷子bucket [`b?kit] 斗，吊斗buffer n. [`b?f"] 缓冲器bump [b?mp] 碰，撞击burner [`b":n"] 燃烧器button [`b?tn] 按钮bypass/by pass BYP 旁路byte [bait] 字节（八位）cabinet [`kQbinit] 厨柜，机箱、柜cable [`keibl] 电缆calculator [`kQlkjuleit"] 计算器caliber [`kQlib"] 管径、尺寸、大小cam [kQm] 凸轮cancel [`kQns"l] 取消、省略capacitance [k"`pQsit"ns] n. 容量，电容capacitor [k"`pQsit"] n. 电容器＝capacitator card [ka:d]（电子）板、卡carton [`ka:t"n] 纸板箱casualty [`kQ?ju"lti] 人身事故、伤亡、故障center [`sent"] 中心central control room 中控室central processing unit CPU 中央处理器centrifugal fan 离心风机centrifugal [sen`trifjug"] 离心的change [tSeind?] 改变character [`kQrikt"] 字符charge indicator 验电器、带电指示器charge [tSA:d?] n. 充电，电荷chassis earth 机壳接地chassis [`SQsi] 底座、机壳check [tSek] 检查chimney [`tSmni] 烟囱、烟道circuit [`s":kit] n. 电路circuit breaker 电路断路器circuit diagram 电路图 [`dai"grQm]circuitry [`s":kitri] n.电路，线路circulating water pump 循环水泵circulating 循环 [`s":kjuleitiN]clamp [klQmp] 夹具、钳class of insulation 绝缘等级 [.insju`leiS"n] class [kla:s] 类、等级、程度clean [kli:n] 清洁的、纯净的cleanse [klenz] 净化、洗净、消毒CLEARING OF FAULT 故障清除clockwise [`kl?kwaiz] 顺时针、右旋的clog [kl?g] 障碍，塞满，粘注close [kl"uz] 关闭closed-loop 闭环 [lu:p]coarse [k?:s] 粗的、不精确的code [k"ud] 代号、密码coder [`k"ud"] 编码器coil [k?il] n.线圈cold [k"uld] 冷,冷的，感冒collect [k"`lekt] 收集colour [`k?l"] 颜色command [k"`ma:nd] 命令、指挥communication [k".mju:ni`keiSn] 通信、通讯compensation [k?mpen`seiS"n]补偿，矫正component [k"m`p"un"nt] 元件compress air 压缩空气 [E"]compress [k"m`pres] 压缩compressor [k"m`pres"] 压缩机computer [k"m`pju:t"] 计算机condensate [k?n`denseit] 冷凝、使凝结condition [k"n`diS"n] 条件、状况、环境conduct [`k?nd?kt] 传导conductivity [.k?nd?k`tiviti] 导电率conductor [k"n`d?kt"] n.导体，导线configure [k"n`fig"] 组态congealer [k"n`d?i:l"] 冷却器、冷冻器connect [k"`nekt] 连接connection [k"`nekS"n] 联接connector [k"`n"kt"] 联接器、接线盒console [k"n`s"ul] 控制台constant [`k?nst"nt] 恒定的contact [`k?ntQkt] n.接触,触点,vt.接触,联系contact to earth 接地、触地、碰地 [":P] contact [`k?ntQkt] 触点contactor [`k?ntQkt"] （电流）接触器、触头continuous [k"n`tinju"s] 连续的control [k"n`tr?l] CNTR/CNTPL 控制control panel 控制盘 [`pQnl] 面板，仪表板，屏幕control valve 调节阀 [vQlv]controller [k"n`tr"ul"] 控制器convert [k"n`v":t]n.转换 vt.使转变，转换.... conveyor [k"n`vei"] 传送带，输送机cooktop [`kukt?p] n.炉灶cool [ku:l] 冷的cooler [`ku:l"] 冷却器cooling fan 冷却风机 [fQn]cooling tower 冷却塔 [`tau"] 塔，城堡cooling water pump 冷却水泵cooling [`ku:liN] 冷却copy [`k?pi] 拷贝core [k?:] 铁心、核心、磁心correct [k"`rekt] 正确的,改正correction [k"`rekS"n] 修正、改正corrosion [k"`r"u?"n] 腐蚀counter [`kaunti"] n.计数器couple [`k?pl] CPL 联轴器curdle [`k":dl] 凝固currency [`k?r"nsi] 流动、流通current [`k?r"nt] n. 电流，水流、当前、气流current transformer CT 电流互感器 [trQns`f?:m"]cursor [`k":s"] 光标curve [k":v] 曲线cutter [`k?t"] 切削工具,刀具ccycle 循环、周期、周波cylinder [`silind"] CYL 汽缸，圆柱体cymometer [sai`m?mit"] 频率表，频率计damage [`dQmid?] 损坏、破坏danger zone 危险区 [z"un]danger [`deind?"] 危险、危险物dangerous [`deind?r"s] 危险的dank [dQNk] 潮湿data base 数据库[beis] 底部，基层，灯座data pool 数据库 [pu:l]data [`deit"] 数据deactivate [di:`Qktiveit] 使无效dead band 死区 [ded] [bQnd] 区，队debugging [di:`b?giN] n.调试deceleration [di:.sel"`reiS"n] n. 减速，减速度decrease [di:`kri:s] DEC 减少deep [di:p] 深度、深的、深default [di`f?:lt] n. 默认(值),缺省(值)degree [di`gri:] 度、等级delay time 延时 [di`lei] 延迟，滞后 relay [`ri:lei] 继电器delay [di`lei] 延迟，滞后delete [di`li:t] 删除，作废defective [di`fektiv] 有缺陷的，损坏，次品，不完全description [dis`kripS"n] 说明、描述detect [di`tekt] 发现、检定detector [di`tekt"] 检测器，探测器deviate [`di:vieit] 背离、偏差device [di`vais] 设备、仪器，装置diagnosis [.dai"g`n"usis] 诊断diagram [`dai"grQm] 图形、图表diameter [dai`Qmit"] 直径dielectric [.daii`lektrik] 介质、绝缘的diesel generator 柴油发电机[`di:z"l] [`d?en"reit"]发电机，振荡器differential [.dif"`renS"] 差别的，差动的，微分differential pressure DP/DSP 差压 [`preS"]digital input/output 数字量输入／输出 [`did?itl] 数字的，数字digital signal 数字信号[`did?itl][`signl]digital [`did?itl] 数字的digital-to-analog D/A 数／模转换 [`Qn"l?g]direct current DC 直流（电） [di`rekt] 直接的disassembly [.dis"`sembli] 拆卸disaster shutdown 事故停机 [`S?tdaUn] 停工（机），关机disaster [di`za:st"] 事故、故障discharge 排除、放电、卸载disconnect switch 隔离开关disconnect 断开,分离disconnector 隔离器、隔离开关discrete [dis`kri:t] adj.不连续的,离散的discrete input 开关量输入discrete output 开关量输出disk [disk] 磁盘diskette [dis`ket] 磁盘，磁碟display [di`splei] 显示、列屏dissipation [.disi`peiS"n] n. 分配，分发distance [`dist"ns] 距离，间隔distilled water DISTL WTR 蒸馏水 [dis`tild] 由蒸馏得来的distributed control system DCS 集散控制系统distributed [dis`tribju:tid] 分布的distributing board 配电盘 [dis`tribju:tiN] [b?:d]double [`d?bl] 两倍的，双重的dowel pin 定位销 [`dau"l] 销子 [pin]down [daun] 向下的,向下download 下载downtime 停机时间drain DRN 疏水、排放drawing [`dr?:iN] 画图.制图 ,图样、牵引drill [dril] 钻孔、钻头、钻床drive nail 钉钉子drive [draiv] 驱动、强迫drop [dr?p] 滴，点滴，落下dry [drai] 干、干燥duct [d?kt] 风道、管道dust catcher 除尘器、吸尘器 [`kQtS"] 捕捉器dust [d?st] 灰尘duty [`dju:ti] 责任,义务dynamic [dai`nQmik] 动态的dynamometer [.dain"`m?mit"] 功率表earth connector 接地线、接地 [":T] [k"`n"kt"]earth fault 接地故障 [f?:lt]earth lead 接地线、接地 [li:d] 引线，领导earth 大地 [":T]eccentricity [eksen`trisiti] 偏心、扰度edit [`edit] 编辑efficiency [i`fiS"ns] 效率ejected [i`d?ekt] 喷射，驱逐，被放出的ejection [i`d?ekS"n] 弹出，排出，喷出，喷射electric failure 触电 [i`lektrik] 电的 [`feilj"] 故障，失败electric spark 电火化 [spa:k]electric [i`lektrik] 电的、电动的、导电的electrical machine 电机 [m"`Si:n] 机器，机械electrical service 供电 [`s":vis] 维修，服务，管理electrical [i`lektrikl] 电的、电气的electric-hydraulic control 电／液控制 [hai`dr?:lik] [k"n`trol] electrician [ilek`triSn] 电工electrode [i`lektreUd] 电极electronic [ilek`tr?nik] 电子的、电子学的electrostatic [i`lektr"u`stQtik] 静电的electrotechnics [i`lektr"u`tekniks] 电工学、电工技术element [`elim"nt]元件、零件、单元] n.电梯,升级机?elevator [`eliveitemergency [i`m"：d?nsi] EMERG 紧急事故empty [`empti]排空enable [i`neibl] 使能够，允许enclosure [in`kl"u?"] n.密封，外壳，包围encoder [in`k"ud"] 编码器end cover 端盖end 末端、终结energy meter 电度表energy [`en"d?i] 能、能量engineer [.end?i`ni"] 工程师enter [`ent"] 开始、使进入entry [`entri] 输入equipment [i`kwipm"] 设备error [`er"] 错误escape valve 安全阀 [is`keip]event [i`vent] 事件exceed [ik`si:d] 超过excess [ik`ses] 超过、过度exciter [ik`sait"] 励磁机exit [`eksit] 出口expansion [iks`pQnS"n] EXP 膨胀explosion [iks`pl"u?"n] 爆炸external [eks`t":nl] 外部的、表面的extra-high voltage 超高压 [`ekstr"] 额外的，特大的factor [`fQkt"] 因素、因数factory [`fQkt"ri] 工厂、制造厂failure [`feilj"] FAIL 失败,故障false [f?:ls] 假的、错误的fan [fQn] 风扇、风机fault [f?:lt] 故障faultless [`f?:ltlis]没有缺陷、完美的faulty operation 误操作 [`f?:lti] [.?p"`reiS"n]运算，工作features [`fi:tS"] 特点feed [fi:d] 馈、供给feedback [`fi:dbQk] 反馈fiber optic 光纤 [`faib"] 光纤，纤维 [`?ptik] 光学上的，视觉的field [fi:ld] n.现场，原野file [fail] 文件、锉刀fill [fil] 装填filter [`filt"] n. 过滤器，滤波器，滤网，filter differential pressure FILTR DP 滤网压差final [`fain"l] 最后的fire pump 消防水泵fire [`fai"] 燃烧、火焰fireproof [`fai"pru:f] 防火的、阻燃的fixed [fikst] 固定的、固定、确定、保护屏flank [flQNk] 侧翼、侧面flash lamp 闪光灯flash light 闪光flash [flQS] 闪光、闪烁、闪蒸float-charge浮充电[fl"ut] 浮动 [tSa:d?] 充电，电荷flow [fl"u] 流量、流动flowmeter [`fl"umi:t"] 流量计flue gas 烟气 [gQs] 气体，煤气，毒气，汽油flue [flu:] 烟道fluid [`fluid] 液体flux [fl?ks] n. 流量，通量forbid [f"`bid] 禁止force draft fan 送风机 [drA:ft] 通风force [f?:s] 强制form [f?:m] 形式、形状、形成、构成format [`f?:mQt] 形式、格式frequency [`fri:kw"nsi] 频率friction [`frikS"n] n. 摩擦，摩擦力from [fr?m] 从、来自、今后full speed 额定频率fully [`fuli] 充分的、完全的fume [fju:m] 烟，冒烟function [`f?NkS"n] 功能fuse holder 保险盒 [`h"uld"]fuse [fju:z] 保险丝、熔断器fusible cutout 熔断开关[`fju:z"bl]溶解的,可融的[`k?taut]断流,保险装置gauge [ged?] 仪表、标准gear pump 齿轮泵 [gi"] [p?mp]gear shift housing 变速箱 [Sift]换挡，变化 [`h"uziN]外壳，套gear [gi"] 齿轮gearbox 齿轮箱general control panel总控制屏[`d?en"r"l]普通的，全面的，综合的generator [`d?en"reit"] n. 发电机gland seal 轴封 [glQnd]填料函盖，密封压盖 [si:l] 封，密封，填料glass-paper 砂纸go on 继续goal [g"ul] 目的、目标graphics [`grQfiks] 调节阀grease [gri:s] 图形green [gri:n] 绿色ground [graUnd]地面，场所、接地 earth[":T]地球，接地、大地，泥土guide [gaid] 领路人、向导half [hA:f] 一半、一半的halt instruction 停机指令[h?:lt]停机,中断,暂停[in`str?kS"n]halve [ha:v] vt. 二等分，平分hammer [`hQm"] 锤子hand [hQnd] 手，指针handle[`hQndl]vt.触摸,运用,买卖,处理,操作vi.搬运,易于操纵handwheel [`hQndwi:l] 手轮，驾驶盘hardware [`hA:dwE"] 硬件havoc [`hQv"k] n.严重破坏 vt.损害heat [hi:t] 热、加热heater [`hi:t"] 加热器heating [`hi:tiN] 加热,供暖hertz [`h":ts] HZ 赫兹high pressure HP 高压history [`hist"ri] 历史hold [h"uld] 保持hopper [`h?p"] 漏斗、料斗hose [h"uz] 软管、水龙带hot circuit 通电线路 [`s":kit]hot start 热态启动 [stA:t]hot [h?t] 热的,热情的，辣的hydraulic [hai`dr?:lik] 水力的，液压的，油压的，水压的I/O point 输入/输出点inboard [`inb?:d] 内侧idle [`aidl] 空闲的，空载的、无效的ignitor [ig`nait"] 点火，点燃，点火器impedance [im`pi:d"ns] 阻抗import [im`p?:t] 进口、输入、引入impulse [`imp?ls] 脉冲、冲击、冲量inch [intS] IN 英寸inching [`intSiN] 缓动、点动increase [in`kri:s] INC 增加increment [`inkrim"nt] 增量，加1，递增index [`indeks] 索引、指标，指针，指数indicate [`indikeit] 指示，显示，表明indicator [`indikeit"] 指示器inductance [in`d?kt"ns] 电感,自感应induction motor 异步电动机 [in`d?kS"n] 感应 [`m"ut"]inductive reactance 感抗[in`d?ktiv]电感的，感应的[ri`Qkt"ns]电抗inductor [in`d?kt"] n.电感器，感应器inhibit [in`hibit] 禁止,抑制，约束init 初使化initial [i`niS"l] 初始的，最初的inlet [`inlet] 入口input/output I/O 输入／输出insert [in`s":t] 插入inside [`in`said] 内侧、内部inspection [in`spekS"n] 观察、检查inspector [in`spekt"] n.检测install [in`st?:l] 安装instruction [in`str?kS"n] n. 指令，指导，指示，说明书，instrument panel 仪表盘 [`pQnl]instrument [`instrum"nt] 仪器insufficient [.ins"`fiS"nt] 不足的，不够的insulate [`insjuleit] 绝缘、隔离insulation [.insju`leiS"n] 绝缘insulator [`insjuleit"] n.绝缘体integer [`intid?"] 整数integral [`intigr"l] 积分,积分的interface [`int".feis] n.分界面,界面,接口interface [`int".feis] 接口interference [.int"`fi"r"ns] 干扰、干涉intermediate relay 中间继电器 [.int"`mi:dj"t]中间的，中级，中频internal [in`t":nl] 内部的,内部interrupt [.int"`r?pt] 中断into [`intu] 向内、进入,到...里，进入到...之内inverter [in`v":t"] 逆变器、反相器、非门isolator [`ais"leit"] 隔离器、刀闸，分离器，绝缘体job [d??b] 工作jumper [`d??mp"] 跳线、跨接junction box 接线盒 [`d??NkS"n]key [ki:] 键销、钥匙、键槽keyboard [`ki:b?:d] 键盘kilovolt-ampere KVA 千伏安 [`kil"Uv"Ult`Qmpe"]kink [kiNk] 弯曲、缠绕knack [nQk] 技巧、窍门、诀窍knife-switch 闸刀开关label [`leibl] 标号、标签，商标，标志laboratory [l"`b?r"t"ri] 实验室ladder diagram 梯形图 [`lQd"] [`dai"grQm]ladder logic Diagram 逻辑梯形图[`l?d?ik][`dai"grQm]ladder [`lQd"] 梯子、阶梯lamp [lQmp] n.灯、光源last [la:st] 最后的,末尾的leak [li:k] 泄漏，漏，漏洞（动词）leakage [li:kid?] n. 漏，泄漏，渗漏least [li:st] 最少的、最小的left [left] 左length [leNT] 长度level [`levl] 液位、水平lever [`li:v"] 杆,杠杆,控制杆lifebelt [laifbelt] 安全带、保险带lift [lift] 提、升light run 空转 [lait] [r?n]light [lait] 光,灯,轻,淡,日光,光亮,点,点燃,照亮lightning [`laitniN] 雷电limit [`limit] LMT 极限、限制limit switch [`limit] 限位开关limiter [`limit"] 限制器、限位开关line [lain] 线、直线list [list] 列表、目录liter [`li:t"] 公升little [`litl] 小的，少许，少的load [l"ud] n. 负荷，负载load thrown on 带负荷 [Tr"un]local attendant 现场值班员 ["`tend"nt]维护人员，值班人员，服务员local repair 现场检修 [ri`pE"] 修理，修补local [`l"uk"l] 当地的,局部，本地location [l"u`keiS"n] 位置，定位，单元，场所lock [l?k] 闭锁、密封舱、固定logger [`1?g"] 记录器、拖车logic [`l?d?ik] 逻辑long [l?N] 长loop [lu:p] 环、回路loose [lu:s] 松的、不牢固的loosen [`lu:sn] 松开、松动loss [l?s] 损失、减少low [l"u] 低lower [`l"u"] 较低的、降低low-half 下半 [hA:f]lub oil pump 润滑油泵lub oil 润滑油lubricate [`lu:brikeit] LUB 润滑machine [m"`Si:n] 机器,机械magnet [`mQgnit] 磁main wire 电源线 [`wai"]main [mein] 主要的,主群组maintain [men`tein] 维修、维持、保养maintenance manual 检修手册 [`mQnju"l]maintenance [`meintin"ns] 维护、维护，检修、小修make [meik] 制造 ,是成为make sure 确定 [Su"] 的确，对...有把握make up 补充（补给）malfunction [mQl`f?NkS"n] 故障,出错、误动、失灵management [`mQnid?m"nt] 管理、控制、处理man-machine interaction 人机对话[mQn][m":`Si:n][.int"`QkS"n] man-machine interface MMI 人机接口 [`int".feis] 界面，接口manometer [m"`n?mit"] 压力表manual reject MRE 手动切换 [ri`d?ekt]拒绝，排斥manual [`mQnju"l] 手动、手册manual/Auto station M/A STATION 手动／自动切换站mark [mA:k] 型号、刻度、标志、特征master control room 主控室、中央控制室 [k"n`trol]master [`mA:st"]主人，主要，控制，师傅，正版material [m"`ti"ri"l] n. 材料，原料maximum [`mQksim"m] 最大,最大值，最高，mean [mi:n] 平均，平均值、中间的measure [`me?"] 度量、测量，量，尺寸mechanical trip vlv 机械跳闸阀 [mi`kQnikl] [trip] 脱扣，解扣mechanical [mi`kQnikl] 机械的、力学的mechanism [`mek"niz"m] 机械、力学、方法、装置、机构medial [`mi:dj"l] 中间的、平均的medium [`mi:dj"m] 中间的、中等的、装置、介质、工质melt [melt] 溶解，熔化memory [`mem"ri]存储,存储器，记忆menu [`menju:] n. 菜单metal [`metl] 金属meter [`mi:t"] n.仪表，米，表meter switch 仪表开关method of operation 运行方式 [.?p"`reiS"n]操作，运转method [`meT"d] 方法、规律、程序microphone [`maikr"f"Un] 麦克风、话筒,传声器，扩音器microprocessor [maikr"u`pr"uses"] n.微处理器middle [`midl] MID 中间的,中间，当中，中型mill [mil] 磨、磨粉机、压榨机，铣刀mind [maind] 头脑、精神、介意minimum [`minim"m] 最小的minor overhaul 小修 [main"]次要，副修科目[.auv"`h?:l]检修，大修minute [mai`nju:t] 分钟misfill 误装mishandle [`mis`hQndl] 胡乱操作、误操纵misread [mis`ri:d] 错读miss [mis] 过错，避免，小姐，姑娘，故障，失败miss operation 误动作、误操作 [.?p"`reiS"n]mistake [mis`teik] 错误、事故mixer [`miks"] n. 搅拌器，混合器,混频器modem [`m"ud"m] 调制解调器modify [`m?difai] 修改、更改modulating valve 调节阀 [`m?djuleit] [vQlv]module [`m?dju:l] n.模块，组件，模数moisture [`m?istS"] 湿度、湿汽mold [m"uld]模具monitor [`m?nit"] n.******，监视器，监控器 vt.&vi.监控month [m?nT] 月more than 超过[m?:] 更多的[D"n] 与...相比较，比motor MTR 马达 [`m"ut"]motor winding 电动机组绕组 [`waindiN] 绕组，线圈，绕，缠mount [maunt] 安装、固定mouse [maus] 鼠标move [mu:v] 移动multimeter [`m?ltimit"] 万用表nail [neil] 钉子、钉钉子naught line 零线 [`n?:t] 零，无neck [nek] 颈，管颈needlepoint vlv 针阀 [`ni:dlp?int]negative pressure NEG PRESS 负压negative [`neg"tiv] 负的network [`netw":k] 网络neutral line 中性线 [`nju:tr"l]中性的newly [`nju:li] 最近,重新、新地nipper [`nip"] 钳子、镊子noise remove 消音器 [n?iz][ri`mu:v]noise [n?iz] 噪音no-loading 空载nominal power 额定功率[`n?minl]标称的，额定的[`pau"] nominal [`n?minl] 标称的、额定的normal closed contact 常闭触点 [`k?ntQkt]触头，触点，接点normal [`n?:m"l] 正常的、常规的normally [`n?:m"li] 正常地not available 无效、不能用 ["`veil"bl] 可用的，有用的nozzle [`n?zl] 喷嘴number [`n?mb"] 数字、号码、数目nut [n?t] 螺母、螺帽occur ["`k":] 发生ohm ["um] n.欧姆oil breaker 油开关 [`breik"]oil gun 油枪 [g?n]oil level 机油平面[`levl]oil [?il] 油oiler [`?il"] 注油器,油商oilless [?illes] 缺油的on/off 开／关online [?nlain] 联机的，在线的open circuit 开路 [`"up"n][`s":kit]open-loop 开环 [lu:p]operating panel 操作盘 [`?p"reitiN][`pQnl]operation [.?p"`reiS"n] 操作、运行operational log 运行记录[?.?p"`reiS"n][l?g]operator keyboard 操作员键盘 [`ki:b?:d]operator station 操作员站 [`steiS"n]operator [`?p"reit"] 操作员option switch 选择开关optional [`?pS"n"l] 可选的,选择orbit [`?:bit] n. 轨道，轨迹orientation [.?rien`teiS"n] 方位，定向，定位original ["`rid?"n"l] 初始的、原始的out 出、出口outboard [`autb?:t] 外侧的outage [`autid?] 断电，停机，出故障outlet [`autlet] 出口output [`autput] 产量、产品、输出oven [`?vn] n.烤箱over current 过流 [`k?r"nt]over loading 过载 [`l"udiN]over voltage 过压 [`v"Ultid?]over [`"uv"] 结束,上面的,过分的overcool [`"uv"ku:l] 过冷却overflow [`"uv"`fl"u] 溢流overhaul [."uv"`h?:l] 大修,检修overhead [`"uv"hed] 顶部,高空，架空overheat [."uv"`hi:t] 使过热overload [`"uv"`l"ud]n.过载overload protection 过载保护[`"uv"`l"ud][pr"`tekS"n] package [`pQkid?] 组件、包,插件packaging [`pQkid?iN] n.包装panel [`pQnl] 屏、盘parameter [p"`rQmit"] 参数part [pA:t] 部分、部件password [`pA:sw":d] 口令,密码peak [pi:k] 峰值percent [p"`sent] PCT 百分数percentage [p"`sentid?] 百分比perfect [`p":fikt] 完全的、理想的performance [p"`f?:m"ns] 完成、执行、性能periodic inspection 定期检查 [in`spekS"n]periodic [pi"ri`?dik] 周期的、循环的peripheral equipment 外围设备 [i`kwipm"nt] peripheral [p"`rif"r"l] 周围的，外围设备，周边的permanent [`p":m"n"nt] 永久的、持久的permit [p"`mit] 允许PG 编程器phase not together 缺相、失相[feiz]相[t"`geD"]共同phase [feiz] PH 阶段、状态、方面、相phase sequence 相序 [`si:kw"ns] 次序，顺序，时序phase voltage 相电压phase-failure protection 断相保护 [`feilj"]phase-in 同步photoelectricity [.f"ut"uilek`trisiti] 光电piezometer [.pai"`z?mit"] 压力计pilot [`pail"t] 导向、辅助的、控制的pipe [paip] 管、管道plan [plQn] 计划plant [plA:nt] 工场、车间plastic [`plQstik] 塑料PLC(programmable Logic Controller) 可编程序逻辑控制器pliers [`plai"z] 钳子、老虎钳plug socket 插座 [`s?kit]plug [pl?g] 塞子、栓、插头plus [pl?s] 加pneumatic [nju`mQtik] 气动的point [p?int] 点pointer [`p?int"] 指针，指示器pole [p"ul] 极、柱，极点，电极，电杆pollution [p"`lu:S"n] 污染portion [`p?:S"n] 一部分position [p"`ziS"n] POS 位置potential [p"`tenS l] 电势，电位potential transformer PT 电压互感器[p"`tenS l][trQns`f?:m"] power failure 停电 [`pau"] [`feilj"]故障，失败power [`pau"] PWR 功率、电源,能力，动力PPI(point-to-point Interface)点对点接口preblow 预吹preferential [.pref"`renS"l] n. 优先的，优先权perform [p"`f?:m] 预先形成，预制，预成型坯，粗加工的成品preheat [`pri:hi:t] 预热preheater [`pri:hi:t"] 预热器preliminary [pri`limin"ri] 准备工作present [pri`zent] 出现preset [`pri:`set] 预设、预置press [pres] 压，按，压力pressure [`preS"] PRES 压力primary [`praim"ri] 初级的、一次的principle [`prins"pl] 原理、原则printer [`print"] 打印机probe [pr"ub] 探头process [pr"`ses] 过程、方法production [pr"`d?kS"n] 生产、产品、作品program [`pr"ugrQm] 程序programmable [`pr"ugrQm"bl] adj.可设计的，可编程的prohibit [pr"`hibit] 禁止proportional / integral / derivative PID 比例／积分／微分protection [pr"`tekS"n] PROT 保护、预防protocol [`pr"ut"k?l] n.协议pull [pul] 拖 ,拉pulse [p?ls] 脉冲、脉动pump body 泵体pump [p?mp] 泵purge [p":d?]净化、吹扫push and pull switch 推拉开关push button 按钮push [puS] 推pushbutton [puS`b?tn] n. 按钮pyod [`pai"d] 热电偶quality [`kw?liti] 质量quit [kwit] 停止、离开、推出rack earth 机壳接地 [rQk] 机架，机柜，导轨 [":T] radiation fin 散热片[.reidi`eiS"n] 辐射，发散 fin] 散热片radiator [`reidieit"] n. 散热器，冰箱raise [reiz] 升高range [reind?] 范围、量程rate [reit] 速度，速率rated power [`reitid] 额定功率rated [`reitid] 额定的、比率的ray [rei] 光线、射线read out 读出、结果传达reading 读数real time 实时的 [`ri:"l]receive tank 回收箱、接收箱 [ri`si:v] [tQNk]receive [ri`si:v] 收到，接到，接收，接待recipe [`resipi] 处方、配方reclosing 重合闸recovery time 恢复时间 [ri`k?v"ri]recovery [ri`k?v"ri] 恢复、再生rectification [.rektifi`keiS"n] 整流、检波、调整rectifier [`rektifai"] n.整流器，矫正器red 红色reduction [ri`d?kS"n] 还原、缩小、降低redundancy [ri`d?nd"nsi] 冗余、多余reference [`refr"ns] REF 参考、参照、证明书reflux [`ri:fl?ks] 倒流、回流register [`red?ist"] 寄存器regulate [`regjuleit] 调节、控制relay [`ri:lei] n. 继电器release [ri`li:s] 释放reliability [i"`biliti] 可靠性、安全的relief [ri`li:f] 去载、卸载、释放、解除relieve valve 安全阀、减压阀[ri`li:v] [vQlv] remove 除去、拆卸renewal [ri`nju"l] 更新、更换repair [ri`pE"] 修理repairer 修理工、检修工repeat [ri`pi:t] 重复、反复replace [ri`pleis] 重新、启动、更换、替换replacement parts 备件、替换零件[ri`pleism"nt][pA:t] request [ri`kwest] REO 请求require [ri`kwai"] 要求reserve parts 备件 [ri`z":v]reserved [ri`z":vd] 备用的reset [`ri:set] 复位resist [ri`zist] n.阻抗resistance [ri`zist"ns] n.电阻、阻抗resolution [.rez"`lju:S"n] n. 分辨率response [ris`p?ns] 响应restart [ri:`stA:t] 重新启动retighten [ri`tait"n] 重新紧固retract [ri`trQkt] 可伸缩的、缩回return oil 回油 [ri`t":n]return [ri`t":n] 返回reverse rotation 反转 [ri`v":s]rig [rig] 安装、装配、调整right [rait] 右right-of-way 公用线路ring [riN] 环roller [`r"ul"] 滚筒、辊子rotary switch 转换开关 [`r"ut"ri]rotate [r"u`teit] 旋转rotation [r"u`teiS"n] 旋转，转动，回转rotor [`r"ut"] 转子routine [ru:`ti:n] 例行的、日常的routing inspection 日常检查、日常检测 [in`spekS"n] routing maintenance 日常维护 [`ru:tiN] [`meintin"ns] rubber [`r?b"] 橡胶run back 返回run 运行safe [seif]安全的、可靠的、稳定的safety cap 安全帽safety [`seifti] 安全sample [`sQmpl] 取样、举例sampling [`sA:mpliN] 采样、抽样、取样saw [s?:]锯scale [skeil] 刻度、衡量、比例尺、测量、铁锈水垢scan [skQn] 扫描schedule [`Sekju:l] 时间表、计划表screen [skri:n]] 屏幕screw driver 螺丝刀screw socket 螺口插座screw [skru:] 螺杆、螺丝、旋转seal [si:l] 密封search [s":tS] 寻找、查找second [`sek"nd] 秒、第二seep [si:p] 渗出、渗漏seepage [`si:pid?] 渗漏现象select [si`lekt] 选择selector [si`lekt"] 选择器self-hold [self] [h"uld]自保持self-running 自启动send [send] 发送，寄，发射sensor [`sens"] 传感器sequence [`si:kw"ns] 顺序、序列service manual 维修说明书series [`si"ri:z] n.连续，串联service [`s":vis] 维修.保养.服务、伺服servo [`s":v"u] 伺服servomotor [`s":v"u.m"ut"] 伺服电机set up 安装、调整、建立set [set] 设定shaft [SA:ft] 轴、手柄、矿井shake [Seik] 摇动、振动shield [S i:ld] 屏蔽shift [S ift] 值、替换shock [S?k] 震动,使受电击short circuit 短路short [S ?:t] 短的、短路、使短路should [S ud]应该,将要show [S "u] 展览,显示,指示shut off 关闭 [S ?t] 关闭，关上shut [S?t] 关上，更加shutdown [`S?tdaUn] 停止、停机siccative [`sik"tiv] 干燥剂,使干燥的，side [said] 侧边siemens [`si:m"z] 西门子sifter [`sift"] 筛子、滤波器sign [sain] 标记、注册signal lamp 信号灯signal [`signl] 信号,发信号silencer [`sail"ns"] 消音器simulation [.simju`leiS"n]n.仿真，模拟simulator [`simjuleit"] 仿真机single blade switch 单刀开关 [bleid] 刀刃，刀片single [`siNgl] 单个的、个体的site [sait] 现场size [saiz] 尺寸、大小skip [skip] 空指令、跳跃smoke [sm"uk] 烟、冒烟smokes-stack 烟囱 [stQk] 烟囱，堆，堆栈smooth [smu:D] 平滑的、光滑的socket wrench 套筒扳手socket [`s?kit] 插座software [`s?ftwE"] 软件solenoid [`s"ulin?id] 电磁线圈solid wrench 呆扳手solid [`s?lid] 固体、坚固的、固体的source [s?:s] 源、电源spanner [`spQn"] 扳手spare [sp?"] 备用的、空余的spare parts 备件、备品spark [spA:k] 火花special tool 专用工具special [`speS"l] 特别的、专门的specification [.spesifi`keiS"n] 技术要求，说明书speed [spi:d] 速度spray nozzle 喷嘴 [sprei] 喷雾，喷射spring clutch 弹簧离合器 [kl?tS] 离合器spring [spriN] 弹簧、春天stack [stQk] 烟囱,堆栈stall [st?:l] 停车、阻止standard [`stQnd"d] 标准standby [`stQndbai] 备用、待机star [stA:] 星、星形连接start up 启动start [stA:t] 启动、开始starter [`stA:t"]n.启动器，启动钮starting conditions 启动条件 [`sta:tiN] 启动，开始，出发start-up sequence 启动程序 [`si:kw"ns] 程序，次序，顺序，序列state [steit] 状态statement [`steitm"nt] 声明、语句station [`steiS"n] 站、台，岗位，身份，地点，发电厂，位置stator coil 定子线圈stator core 定子铁芯 [k?:]stator [`steit"] 定子status display 状态显示status [`steit"s] 状态stability [st"`biliti] 稳定性steam [sti:m] STM 蒸汽step [step] 步，步幅step-by-step 步进式，逐步，按部就班的step-by-step motor 步进电动机step-down transformer 降压变压器step-up transformer 升压变压器still [stil] 仍然，还，更stop [st?p] 停止storage battery 蓄电池storage [`st?rid?] 储存strainer [`strein"] 滤网,过滤器streamline [`stri:mlain] 流水线stretching [`stretS iN]拉伸，伸长suction pump 真空泵 [`s?kS "n] 吸入，抽气，superheater [`sju:p"hi:t"] 过热器supply [s"`plai] 供给support [s"`p?:t] 支持、支撑sure [S u"] 确信的、可靠的switch [switS] n. 开关，电闸switch blade 开关闸刀 [bleid] 刀刃，刀片switch [switS] 开关、切换switching off 断开 [`switS iN]switching on 接通switching push button 开关按钮symbol [`simb"l] 符号synchro [`siNkr"u]同步，同步机synchronization [.siNkr"nai`zeiS "n] 同步synchronizer [`siNkr"naiz"] 同步器syren [`sai"r"n] 汽笛、报警器syringe [`sirind?] 注油器system unit 主机system [`sist"m] 系统tab [tQb] 表格,制表tachogenerator [`tQk"`d?en"reit"] 测速发电机tandem [`t Qnd"m] 串联tank [tQNk] 箱temperature compensation 温度补偿 [k?mpen`seiS "n] temperature [`tempritS"] 温度。

第一章第一篇sectiongTwo variables u(t) and i(t) are the most basic concepts in an electric circuit, they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuitu(t)和i(t)这两个变量是电路中最基本的两个变量，它们刻划了电路的各种关系。

Charge and CurrentThe concept of electric charge is the underlying principle for explaining all electrical phenomena. Also, the most basic quantity in an electric circuit is the electric charge. Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C).电荷和电流电荷的概念是用来解释所有电气现象的基本概念。

也即，电路中最基本的量是电荷。

电荷是构成物质的原子微粒的电气属性，它是以库仑为单位来度量的。

We know from elementary physics that all matter is made of fundamental building blocks known as atoms and that each atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons. We also know that the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210×10 19C, while a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron. The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged.我们从基础物理得知一切物质是由被称为原子的基本构造部分组成的，并且每个原子是由电子，质子和中子组成的。