下载文档原格式
.Book IIUnit 1A.1.assess2.alliance3.outcome4.ethical5.identity6.ambiguous7.tolerable8.participates9.pursuit10.constructiveB.1.at stake2.were obliged3.the climate of4.feel well-equipped5.beyond my grasp6.cut back7.other than8.rise above9.care about10.is boundedC.1.incompetent2.indulgence3.migrants4.probesplex6.suspense; engagedpassionate; committed8.tolerant9.tempted10.interconnectedD.1. A. Judging from2. B. in which3. C. and4. D. believe5. A. is one of/ is that of6. B. must get7. C. likely8. D. unemployed9. C. as well as/ and10.B. simpler E.1.what2.graduation3.intend4.getting5.eventually6.survey7.although8.graduates9.transfer10.rise11.attending12.instead13.cause14.because15.attending16.below17.failure18.expectations19.confidencecationKey to the translation from English to Chinese:1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
国际商务谈判知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新外交学院绪论单元测试1.Negotiation is an integral part of daily life and the opportunities to negotiatesurround us. （）参考答案:对第一章测试1.Due to advances in technology and changes in the workplace, negotiation isbecoming: （）参考答案:An increasingly important skill for people to hone.2.Which of the following is least likely a negotiation situation? （）参考答案:The invitation you receive to a party says you can bring a friend.3.Implicit in all negotiations is that the parties are: （）参考答案:interdependent.4.The basic problem in most negotiations is: （）参考答案:Conflicting interests.5.Negotiation is a process reserved only for the skilled diplomat, topsalesperson, or ardent advocate for an organized lobby. （）参考答案:错第二章测试1.The first step of the first stage of a negotiation is: （）参考答案:Pre-negotiation preparation.2.Effective negotiation preparation encompasses three general abilities:situation assessment, other-party assessment, and _______.（）参考答案:self-assessment3.BATNA is short for ‘Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement’.（）参考答案:对4.In order to reach a successful negotiation outcome, the negotiators mustunderstand that their BATNA is: （）参考答案:determined by objective reality5.When, you are asked about your desired salary in a job interview, what is thebest response to use with the prospective employer? （）参考答案:Identify a variety of different combinations of highly attractive offerpackages and present those packages to the employer6.What is meant by the hidden table in a negotiation? （）参考答案:Important parties who are the real decision makers are not present at the negotiation table7.The strategic planning stage of preparation includes: （）参考答案:Defining the situation, establishing the desired goals, formulating astrategy and deciding how to implement the strategy.8.To achieve the greatest gains, negotiators should stick to the script theycreated during the preparation phase. （）参考答案:错第三章测试1.Negotiators who are highly concerned with achieving their substantive goalsbut have significantly less concern for the relationship or for the otherparty’s substantive goals are likely to adopt: （）参考答案:A distributive strategy.2.Accommodative strategies emphasize: （）参考答案:null3.Win-win negotiation does not pertain to how the pie is ____ but rather, to howthe pie is _____ by negotiators.（）参考答案:divided ; enlarged4.In a positive bargaining zone, negotiators’ reservation points overlap. If theparties fail to reach an agreement when a positive bargaining zone exists, the outcome is ______ because ______.（）参考答案:a suboptimal impasse; the negotiators left money on the table5. A negative bargaining zone indicates that:（）参考答案:there is no positive overlap between the parties’ reservation points6.The package of issues for negotiation is the Bargaining mix. （）参考答案:对7.Context issues (e.g., history of the relationship) can affect negotiation. （）参考答案:对8.To negotiate optimally, each party’s interests should be kept secret from theother party.（）参考答案:错9.The strategy of an integrative approach to negotiation involves: （）参考答案:Creating value.10.The situational characteristics that determine which negotiating strategy ismost appropriate are: （）参考答案:Goals, resources, and the level of the relationship and trust.第四章测试1.What are the most critical precursors for achieving negotiation objectives?（）参考答案:Effective strategizing, planning and preparation2.What action can be taken after the first round of offers? （）参考答案:All of the above.3.When formulating counteroffers and concessions, negotiators need toconsider three things: （）参考答案:the pattern, the magnitude, and the timing of concessions4.Drawing up a firm list of issues before the initial negotiation meeting is avaluable process because it forces negotiators to think through theirpositions and decide on objectives. （）参考答案:对5.Each party's resistance point is openly stated at the conclusion ofnegotiations. （）参考答案:错第五章测试1.Selective presentation can be used to lead the other party to form the desiredimpression of your resistance point or to open up new possibilities foragreement that are more favorable to the presenter than those that currently exist.（）参考答案:对2.Hardball tactics are designed to （）参考答案:null3.Studies indicate that negotiators who make low or modest opening offers gethigher settlements than do those who make extreme opening offers. （）参考答案:错4.One way negotiators may convey the message that "this is the first offer" isby making the first concession substantial. （）参考答案:错5. A small concession late in negotiations may indicate that there is little roomleft to move. （）参考答案:对ing objective criteria is most effective when each party searches for itsown criteria as opposed to searching for objective criteria together. （）参考答案:错7.Which of the following is a major step in the integrative negotiation process?（）参考答案:All of the above are major steps in the integrative negotiation process.8.In which major step of the integrative negotiation process of identifying anddefining the problem would you likely find that if the problem is complex and multifaceted the parties may NOT even be able to agree on a statement of the problem? （）参考答案:state the problem with an eye toward practicality andcomprehensiveness.9.What approach(es) can parties use to generate alternative solutions byredefining the problem or problem set? （）参考答案:logrolling;nonspecific compensation10.In brainstorming（）参考答案:parties are urged to be spontaneous and even impractical.11.When formal channels of communication break down, negotiators arepermitted to finding alternatives and can use which of the following? （）参考答案:all of the above12.If both parties understand the motivating factors for the other, they mayrecognize possible compatibilities in interests that permit them to inventpositions which both will endorse as an acceptable settlement. （）参考答案:对13.Hardball tactics work most effectively against powerful, well-preparednegotiators. （）参考答案:错14.Which of the following processes is central to achieving almost all integrativeagreements? （）参考答案:null15.What are the strategies for responding to hardball tactics?参考答案:Co-Opt the other party;Ignore them;Respond in kind;Discuss them第六章测试1.Research studies suggest that culture does have an effect of negotiationoutcomes, although it may not be direct and it likely has an influence through differences in the negotiation process in different cultures.（）参考答案:对2.The best approach to manage cross-cultural negotiations is to be insensitiveto the cultural norms of the other negotiator's approach. （）参考答案:错3.Which of the following best describes the differences between individualismand collectivism as cultural values in negotiation? （）参考答案:Individualists see themselves as autonomous entities; collectivists seethemselves in relation to others4.Negotiators who belong to which of the following cultures are likely toengage in a reciprocal offering strategy? （）参考答案:High context/collectivistic.5.Which of the following strategies should negotiators with a low familiaritywith the other culture choose? （）参考答案:null。
面对意见不统一的时候我们应该做英语作文Facing Divergent Opinions: How to Handle Differences ConstructivelyIntroductionIn a world where opinions are diverse and often conflicting, it is crucial to have the skills to navigate through disagreements and come to a resolution amicably. Whether it be in personal relationships, professional settings, or within society at large, the ability to handle differences of opinion with grace and maturity is a valuable asset. This essay will explore the importance of facing divergent opinions and provide strategies for effectively handling disagreements.The Importance of Divergent OpinionsDivergent opinions are a natural part of human interaction and are essential for promoting critical thinking, creativity, and innovation. When individuals come together with different viewpoints, they are able to challenge each other's assumptions, broaden their perspectives, and arrive at more well-rounded decisions. In a world where echo chambers and confirmation bias are prevalent, it is important to seek out and engage withopinions that differ from our own in order to foster growth and understanding.Strategies for Handling Differences Constructively1. Listen actively: One of the most important skills in resolving disagreements is the ability to listen actively to the other party. This means truly hearing and understanding their perspective without immediately jumping to conclusions or formulating a response. By listening attentively, you can show respect for the other person's feelings and opinions, even if you do not necessarily agree with them.2. Stay calm and composed: When faced with divergent opinions, it is easy to become emotional and reactive. However, it is important to remain calm and composed in order to have a productive discussion. Take deep breaths, practice mindfulness, and remind yourself that disagreements are a normal part of human interaction.3. Seek common ground: Even in the midst of disagreements, there is often common ground that can be found. By focusing on shared values, goals, or interests, you can create a sense of unity and build a foundation for resolving conflicts. Look for areas of agreement and use them as a starting point for finding solutions.4. Avoid personal attacks: When engaging in discussions about differing opinions, it is important to avoid personal attacks or derogatory language. Stick to the issue at hand and avoid making any comments that could be perceived as disrespectful or hurtful. Remember that the goal is to find a resolution, not to win an argument.5. Practice empathy: Empathy is a key component of effective communication and conflict resolution. Put yourself in the other person's shoes and try to understand their perspective from their point of view. Show compassion and understanding towards their feelings and experiences, even if you do not agree with their opinions.ConclusionIn conclusion, facing divergent opinions is a natural part of human interaction and can be a valuable source of growth and understanding. By listening actively, staying calm, seeking common ground, avoiding personal attacks, and practicing empathy, we can handle differences constructively and come to resolutions that are mutually beneficial. By embracing diversity and fostering open dialogue, we can create a more inclusive and harmonious society where disagreements are seen as opportunities for learning and growth.。
有关学业计划的英语作文Title: Crafting an Effective Academic Plan。
In the journey of academic pursuit, a well-crafted academic plan serves as a compass, guiding students through the maze of educational opportunities and challenges. This essay delves into the essential elements and strategies for formulating a comprehensive academic plan.First and foremost, setting clear goals is paramount in crafting an effective academic plan. Goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). Whether it's aiming for a certain GPA, mastering a particular subject, or securing admission to a prestigious university, articulating clear objectives provides a sense of direction and motivation.Secondly, conducting a thorough self-assessment is crucial. This entails identifying one's strengths, weaknesses, interests, and learning style. Self-awarenessempowers students to leverage their strengths, addresstheir weaknesses, pursue their passions, and tailor their academic journey accordingly.Furthermore, researching educational pathways and resources is essential. This involves exploring academic programs, courses, extracurricular activities, internships, scholarships, and other opportunities aligned with one's interests and goals. Leveraging available resources equips students with the knowledge and tools necessary for success.Moreover, seeking guidance from mentors, academic advisors, and experienced individuals can provideinvaluable insights and perspectives. These mentors canoffer personalized advice, share their experiences, and assist in navigating challenges, thereby facilitating informed decision-making and growth.Additionally, maintaining a balanced and holistic approach to education is crucial. While academic excellence is important, it's equally vital to cultivate skills suchas critical thinking, communication, creativity, andadaptability. Engaging in diverse experiences, including community service, leadership roles, cultural exchanges, and interdisciplinary studies, enriches one's learning journey and fosters personal and intellectual development.Moreover, embracing a growth mindset is essential in overcoming setbacks and embracing opportunities for continuous learning and improvement. Viewing challenges as opportunities for growth, seeking feedback, and persevering in the face of obstacles are hallmark traits of successful individuals.Furthermore, regularly reviewing and adjusting the academic plan is necessary to adapt to changing circumstances, interests, and goals. Flexibility and openness to new opportunities and experiences are key in maximizing the benefits of the academic journey.In conclusion, crafting an effective academic plan requires clarity of goals, self-awareness, research, mentorship, holistic development, a growth mindset, and adaptability. By incorporating these elements into theiracademic journey, students can navigate challenges, seize opportunities, and realize their full potential. As the architect of their own education, each student has the power to shape their future and leave a lasting impact on the world.。
take sth into accountIntroductionIn decision-making processes, it is crucial to consider all relevant factors and variables. By taking into account various aspects, we can make more informed and balanced choices. This concept, known as “taking something into account,” plays a significant role in numerous areas of our lives, ranging from personal decisions to business strategies. In this article, we will delve deep into the significance of taking something into account and explore its implications in different contexts.The Importance of Taking Something into AccountTaking something into account involves considering all relevant factors and acknowledging their influence on the decision-making process. It helps in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the situation, minimizing biases, and making more accurate judgments. Here are some reasons why taking something into account is crucial:1. Comprehensive decision-makingWhen we take something into account, we expand our viewpoint beyond a narrow focus. This enables us to consider not only the immediate consequences but also the long-term effects and potential ripple effects of our decisions. By analyzing multiple dimensions of a situation, we can make more comprehensive decisions that take into consideration both short-term and long-term goals.2. Minimizing biasesBiases can cloud judgment and lead to faulty decision-making. By consciously taking various perspectives into account, we can reduce the impact of personal biases and prejudices. Considering a wide range of opinions and viewpoints allows us to assess the situation objectively and make a more impartial decision.3. Enhancing problem-solvingWhen we take various factors into account, we stimulate our critical thinking abilities. By analyzing multiple variables and their interconnections, we can identify potential obstacles and devise effective strategies to overcome them. Taking something into account fosters creativity and innovation, leading to improved problem-solving skills.4. Strengthening relationshipsTaking others’ opinions and concerns into account is essential in maintaining healthy relationships, whether in personal or professional settings. When we value and consider the perspectives of others, we show respect and foster mutual understanding. This promotes effective communication, collaboration, and trust, leading to stronger personal and professional relationships.Contexts where Taking Something into Account is Important1. Personal DecisionsMaking important personal decisions requires careful consideration of various factors. Whether it is choosing a career path, deciding where to live, or making financial choices, taking something into account is vital. By evaluating our values, interests, financial situation, and potential impact on our well-being, we can make well-rounded decisions that align with our goals and desires.2. Business StrategiesIn the business world, taking something into account is crucial for formulating effective strategies. Company leaders must consider market trends, competitor analysis, customer preferences, and internal capabilities. By analyzing all relevant factors, businesses can make informed decisions about investments, product development, marketing campaigns, and resource allocation.3. Environmental Impact AssessmentsWhen planning large-scale projects with potential environmental impacts, it is necessary to take environmental factors into account. Environmental impact assessments consider factors such as air and water quality, biodiversity, and sustainability. By taking these factors into account, developers and policymakers can identify potential risks and implement mitigation measures to minimize adverse effects on the environment.4. Policy-making and LegislationIn the realm of governance, taking something into account is a vital component of policy-making and legislation. Policymakers need to consider social, economic, and environmental factors when formulating laws and regulations. By conducting thorough research, consulting experts, and considering public opinion, policymakers can create effective policies that address the needs and concerns of the population.Strategies for Taking Something into AccountWhen aiming to take something into account, a systematic approach can be helpful. Here are some strategies to facilitate the process:1. Gather informationIn order to consider all relevant factors, it is important to gather comprehensive information. This can involve conducting research, consulting experts, seeking different perspectives, and analyzing data. By collecting reliable and diverse information, we can make more accurate assessments.2. Prioritize factorsNot all factors have the same level of importance. It is crucial to prioritize the variables based on their significance to the decision at hand. By assigning weights or values to each factor, we can focus our attention on what matters the most and avoid getting overwhelmed by less critical aspects.3. Evaluate potential outcomesTaking something into account requires envisioning different scenarios and evaluating their potential outcomes. We should consider bothpositive and negative consequences and assess their likelihoods. This helps us anticipate challenges and make contingency plans.4. Consult relevant stakeholdersIn many situations, it is essential to consult and involve relevant stakeholders. By seeking their input and considering their perspectives, we can gain valuable insights and ensure that the decision-making process is inclusive. Stakeholders might include employees, customers, community members, or experts in the field.ConclusionTaking something into account is a vital practice in decision-making. By considering all relevant factors, we can make more informed, balanced, and effective choices. Whether in personal decisions, business strategies, environmental impact assessments, or policy-making, the significance of taking something into account cannot be overstated. By employing systematic approaches and strategies, we can foster comprehensive decision-making and contribute to positive outcomes.So, the next time you face an important decision, remember the importance of taking something into account - it can make all the difference.。
优异的学业成绩和课题研究成果英语Outstanding Academic Performance and Thesis Research Accomplishments.In the realm of academia, where intellectual curiosity and relentless pursuit of knowledge converge, students strive to distinguish themselves through exceptional achievements. Among the hallmarks of academic success, outstanding academic performance and groundbreaking thesis research成果occupy a paramount position. This article delves into the intricacies of these accomplishments, exploring their significance, strategies for attainment, and the broader impact they have on individuals and society as a whole.Academic Performance: A Foundation for Success.Academic performance encompasses a student's grades, coursework, and overall engagement in the learning process. It serves as a tangible measure of academic capabilitiesand knowledge acquisition. Students who excel in this area demonstrate a deep understanding of core concepts, critical thinking skills, and a strong work ethic. They consistently perform well in examinations, participate actively in class discussions, and engage in independent study beyond the classroom.Thesis Research: A Journey of Discovery and Innovation.Thesis research is a culminating academic project that allows students to delve deeply into a specific topic of interest, conduct original research, and contribute new knowledge to their field of study. This process involves formulating a research question, conducting a literature review, designing and implementing a research methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting the findings in a comprehensive thesis document.Significance of Outstanding Academic Performance and Thesis Research.Both outstanding academic performance andgroundbreaking thesis research成果play a pivotal role in a student's academic journey and beyond. They:Demonstrate Intellectual Capabilities and Potential: High academic performance and successful thesis research showcase a student's intellectual abilities, problem-solving skills, and potential for future academic and professional endeavors.Foster Knowledge Creation and Innovation: Thesis research encourages students to become active participants in the creation of new knowledge, fostering innovation and pushing the boundaries of their respective disciplines.Enhance Research and Analytical Skills: The rigorous nature of thesis research develops students' research methodologies, analytical abilities, and critical thinking skills. These skills are highly sought after in various fields, including academia, industry, and research institutions.Prepare Students for Future Careers: Outstandingacademic performance and successful thesis research prepare students for the rigors of graduate school, professional careers, and lifelong learning. They demonstrate the necessary foundation, skills, and determination to succeed in competitive environments.Contribute to Societal Advancement: Groundbreaking thesis research成果can have far-reaching implications for society. They may lead to new discoveries, technological advancements, or solutions to pressing global challenges.Strategies for Achieving Success.Attaining outstanding academic performance and conducting impactful thesis research requires a combination of dedication, effective strategies, and support. Here are some key strategies:Establish a Strong Foundation: Build a solid foundation in core subjects through consistent studying, active participation in class, and seeking extra help when needed.Set Realistic Goals: Set achievable goals and break down large tasks into smaller, manageable steps. This will help maintain motivation and prevent burnout.Develop Effective Study Habits: Utilize effective study techniques such as spaced repetition, active recall, and creating study materials.Engage with Faculty and Peers: Seek guidance from professors, participate in study groups, and engage in discussions with classmates to enhance understanding and broaden perspectives.Time Management and Prioritization: Manage time effectively by prioritizing tasks, creating schedules, and minimizing distractions.Maintain a Growth Mindset: Embrace challenges as opportunities for growth. Seek feedback, reflect on mistakes, and continuously strive for improvement.Thesis Research Best Practices.For successful thesis research, adhering to best practices is essential:Choose a Topic of Passion: Select a research topicthat aligns with your interests and sparks your curiosity.Conduct a Thorough Literature Review: Extensively review existing literature to gain a deep understanding of your topic and identify gaps in knowledge.Develop a Clear Research Question: Formulate aspecific and focused research question that your thesiswill address.Design a Rigorous Methodology: Outline a comprehensive research design that includes data collection methods, analysis techniques, and ethical considerations.Collect and Analyze Data: Gather data diligently and employ appropriate analytical methods to extract meaningfulinsights.Present Findings Clearly: Communicate your research findings effectively in a well-written thesis document and present them confidently at conferences or other academic forums.Conclusion.Outstanding academic performance and impactful thesis research are cornerstones of academic excellence. They not only reflect a student's intellectual capabilities but also foster knowledge creation, prepare for future endeavors, and contribute to societal advancement. By employing effective strategies and adhering to best practices, students can achieve these accomplishments and embark on a path of lifelong learning and intellectual exploration.。
Essay Writing ChecklistIntroductionThe first sentence is the hook and is designed to grab the reader’s attentionTransition from the hook to the thesis statementGive the full title(s) of the work(s) you are exploring as well as the complete name(s) of the author(s)The thesis statement is the last sentence in the introduction paragraphThe thesis statement clearly and directly responds to the writing prompt or assignment (the words in the prompt may be used to formulate the thesis statement) The introduction is at least 4 – 6 sentencesBody ParagraphsThe topic sentence is the first sentence of each body paragraphThe topic sentences are an extension of the thesis statement—each topic sentence clearly proves and supports the thesis statement and responds to the prompt orwriting assignmentTopic sentences do not summarize plot or make general commentsBody paragraphs are developed with at least two supporting passages/quotes from the literatureProvide reader with the context for each supporting quote: speaker + occasionFollow each quote with at least two sentences of analysis that explain how the quote supports and proves the topic sentence and therefore the thesis statement The last sentence of each body paragraph is a concluding sentence that summarizes the paragraph and/or transitions to the next paragraphConclusionRestates the thesis statementSummarizes the main ideas without being repetitiveMay possibly revisit the hook or provide an appropriate quotationExpands on the ideas in the essay, leaving the reader thinking and ponderingThe conclusion is at least 4 – 6 sentencesNever write ―In conclusion…‖Other Important AspectsUse formal writing style, tone, and languageAvoid slang, poor diction, non-specific language, and contractionsAvoid addressing the reader and the use of first-personAvoid asking rhetorical questionsBe mindful and aware of MLA format in citing your sources in the textPay attention to spelling, punctuation and grammarAlways proofread and self-edit your workGive your essay a creative, thoughtful and interesting titleTake pride in your work and give the essay 100% of your effort!Topic Sentence ChecklistAn effective topic sentence:Proves and supports a thesis statementTells the reader the focus of the paragraphStates a claim, idea, or assertion—the author’s expert opinion about the literatureLike the thesis statement, addresses how/why questionsIs very clear and very specificAvoids 1st person point of viewAvoids plot summaryAvoids stating the obviousAvoids abstract ideas and languageAvoids passive voiceUsing Supporting Details ChecklistConsider the following when using supporting quotes and passages in your writing:Lead into or set up your quote/passage with speaker (character/narrator) and occasion (context, or what’s happening in the plotFollow up a quote with at least two sentences of commentary and analysis before moving on to the next supporting detailAvoid excessive plot summaryBe sure the quote is relevant to your topic sentence and thesis—does your quote help prove your point?Avoid letting the quote speak for itself—avoid ―dropping‖ the quoteActive and Academic Verbs to Use in Critical Literary AnalysisEmphasizesElucidates ComparesSuggests Creates Illustrates Exemplifies Parallels Juxtaposes Implies Alludes to Observes Identifies Organizes Reinforces DefinesClarifies ContrastsArgues Mirrors Echoes Develops Connotes Focuses Balances Relates Expresses Insinuates DemonstratesAnatomy of a Paragraph & Paragraph Checklist Consider the following model of a typical literary analysis paragraph:Each supporting detail is made up of:1. Lead-in or set-up: Speaker + Occasion2. Direct quote or passage3. At least two sentences of following commentary/analysisThe Concluding Sentence:Wraps up and summarizes the paragraphTransitions to the next body paragraphAvoids the words ―in conclusion‖ or ―in summary‖Consider the following reminders when composing a literary analysis paragraph: Use the strongest argument, or supporting detail, lastBe mindful of spelling, grammar, and punctuationUse present tense verbs when writing literary analysisBe mindful of proper MLA format when citing a sourceAvoid poor diction and slangAvoid clichés, first-person point of view, and addressing the readerThesis Statements: Strategies,Checklist, & Samples The thesis statement in an essay of literary analysis functions as follows:-It narrows your topic to a central idea—all topic sentences and body paragraphs will develop and support this idea-It asserts something specific and significant about the topic, conveying your expert opinion-It may preview how your ideas will be arranged within your essay-It is logical, precise, and reasonableHere are some strategies for formulating a thesis statement:I. Decode the writing prompt: Pay close attention to the language of the prompt.Underline or highlight words that indicate specific areas of focus. Use the language of the prompt while composing your thesis statement.* Depending on the prompt or assignment you are given, you may be able tosimply restate the prompt while including your answer to how/why questions.II. Take Inventory: Determine which supporting details or passages could be used toprove your thesis.* Be careful! Avoid arbitrarily selecting quotes. Be certain the supporting detailsyou choose do, in fact, support the central idea.III. Identify Relationships, Distinctions, & Categories: Once you have a variety ofsupporting details, determine what various aspects of the thesis statement eachdetail supports. These distinctions or categories will be used to determine what your topic sentences and body paragraphs will be made up of.IV. Revise and Draft Again: Rewrite the thesis as many times as necessary to achievesatisfaction. Continually refer to the prompt to be sure you are directly andspecifically responding to its requirements. You may find that after you have written the body paragraphs, your paper has taken a different direction. In that case, youmust revise your thesis statement to suit the rest of the essay.Consider the following checklist when composing a thesis statement:Do not use first-person point of view in a thesis statement, unless you are writing a personal autobiographical essay. Formal literary analysis requires the use of third person point ofview.The thesis statement should be limited to one sentence. In rare cases, two sentences maybe necessary.Refer to the writing prompt frequently while composing the thesis and be sure yourstatement clearly responds to all aspects of the promptThe thesis statement is located at the end of the introductory paragraph in a typicalliterary analysis essay.The thesis is a ―roadmap‖ for the ideas presented in the essay; it informs the reader whatwill be analyzed in the essay and in what order.The thesis statement presents ideas in logical, clear, and specific language; it avoids vague or abstract language, poor diction, and slang.The thesis statement is analytical, not factual; it conveys the author’s expert opinion, orassertion and avoids stating the obvious. It answers how and why questions.The thesis statement is logical, precise, and reasonable.The Introduction Paragraph: Strategies & Checklist:The introduction paragraph in an essay of literary analysis functions as follows: -I t focuses the reader’s attention on the topic and arouses curiosity about what you have to say-It specifies your subject and implies your attitude/tone-It provides background necessary to understand the thesis statement-It is concise and sincere-It comes to a point with the thesis statementAnatomy of the Introduction:1st Sentence: Hook or Opening Sentence-Engages the reader’s attention2nd– 3rd Sentence-analyzed3rd - 5th Sentences-Thesis Statement-Strategies for Composing Hooks or Opening Statements:-Use a vivid quotation-Create a visual image that represents your subject-Create an analogy for your subject-Offer a surprising/interesting statistic or other fact-State an opinion related to your thesis-Ask a question or define a word central to your subject (Note= Use these techniques very sparingly and cautiously, as they may be considered cliché)Consider the following checklist when writing an introduction paragraph:The opening sentence or hook engages the reader’s attentionThe introduction avoids 1st person point of view, slang, and poor dictionSpecific terms or language are clearly definedNecessary background information is providedThe paragraph clearly and logically transitions from the hook to the thesis statementThe thesis statement appears at the end of the introductionThe paragraph is clear, logical, and reasonableAvoid vague/abstract languageAvoid an attempt to be cute, funny, or terribly cleverThe introduction is usually 4 – 6 sentences (longer introductions tend to ramble and detract from the topic)Uses present tense verbs consistentlyThe Conclusion Paragraph: Strategies, Checklist, & SamplesThe conclusion paragraph in a literary analysis essay functions as follows:-It finishes off the essay and tells readers where the writer has brought them-It restates the thesis and contains echoes of the introduction and body paragraphs without listing the points covered in the essay-It creates a broader implication of the ideas discussed and answers the question ―So what?‖Anatomy of the conclusion:-statement of implication-repetitive or listing points already covered-to reinforce analysis/ideas-Moves outward with a statement that relates thein a larger perspectiveStrategies for Composing Conclusions:-Strike a note of hope or despair-Give a symbolic or powerful fact/detail-Create an analogy that relates your topic to a larger implication-Give an especially compelling example-Create a powerful visual image that represents your topic-Use a meaningful quotation-Recommend a course of action-Echo the approach/language of the introduction-Reference and make meaning of the title of the work you are analyzingConsider the following checklist when writing a conclusion:Avoid first person point of view, abstract/vague language, poor diction, and slangAvoid simply repeating the thesis and/or listing the main pointsDon’t conclude more than you reasonably can from the evidence you have presented Echo the language/ideas from your introduction and body paragraphsExpand on the implications of your ideas—So what?Avoid any attempts to be funny, cute, or cleverThe conclusion is usually 4 – 6 sentencesPaper Format and TitlesMargins:In MLA format the margins are as follows:Top: ½ inchLeft: 1 inchRight: 1 inchBottom: 1 inchSpacing:All MLA style papers are double spaced throughout.Heading and Title:-An MLA paper does not need a title page.-½‖ down from the top of each page and in the right hand corner is located the page number followed by the author’s last name and a space-1‖ down from the top (and one double space down f rom the page number) in the left hand corner appears the authors name (first and last)-One double space below the author’s name is the name of the professor or instructor -One double space below the professor’s name is the class title and/or course number -One double space below the course information is the date the assignment is due, listed in the following order: date, then month, followed by year (no commas) -One double space below the date, centered in the page, is the title of the paper.Titles:- A title tells the reader how extensive the topic is- A title should not restate the assignment or thesis statement-The revision stage is a good time to consider a title because attempting to sum up your essay in a phrase can focus your attention on the topic, purpose, and audience - A descriptive title is often expected for academic writing—it announces the topic clearly, accurately, and as briefly as possible-Avoid trying to be funny, cute, or terribly clever in your title。
面临困难英语作文Facing DifficultiesIn life, we all encounter difficulties that challenge us and test our resilience. These challenges can come in various forms, such as academic struggles, personal setbacks, or professional obstacles. This essay will explore the nature of difficulties, their impact on individuals, and the ways in which we can overcome them.Understanding DifficultiesDifficulties are an inevitable part of life. They can be seen as the stepping stones that lead to growth and development. When faced with a challenge, it is important to understandits root cause and the potential lessons it may offer. For instance, academic difficulties may indicate a need forbetter study habits or a deeper understanding of a particular subject.Impact on IndividualsDifficulties can have a profound impact on an individual's emotional and psychological well-being. They can lead to feelings of frustration, disappointment, and even self-doubt. However, it is crucial to remember that these feelings are natural and are part of the process of overcoming challenges. The key is to not let these emotions define us but rather usethem as a catalyst for change.Strategies for Overcoming Difficulties1. Acknowledge the Difficulty: The first step in overcoming any challenge is to acknowledge its existence. Denial only prolongs the struggle and prevents progress.2. Seek Support: It is important to seek support from friends, family, or professionals. They can provide guidance, encouragement, and a fresh perspective.3. Break Down the Problem: Large difficulties can be overwhelming. Breaking them down into smaller, more manageable tasks can make the process of overcoming them less daunting.4. Develop a Plan: Formulating a plan of action is essential. This plan should include specific goals, timelines, and strategies for achieving those goals.5. Practice Resilience: Resilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity. It involves maintaining a positiveattitude and believing in one's ability to overcome challenges.6. Learn from the Experience: Every difficulty offers an opportunity for learning. Reflecting on the experience and identifying what can be learned is a crucial step in personal growth.ConclusionDifficulties are not insurmountable. They are a part of life that can lead to personal growth and development. By acknowledging the challenge, seeking support, breaking downthe problem, developing a plan, practicing resilience, and learning from the experience, individuals can overcome difficulties and emerge stronger and more capable than before. Remember, it is not the difficulty that defines us, but howwe respond to it.。
英语四级解决问题作文Introduction:The English Level Four examination, also known as the Testfor English Majors (TEM-4), is a significant milestone for English majors in China. One of the critical components of this test is the essay section, where students are required to address various issues and propose solutions. This essay will explore the common problems encountered in English Level Four writing and offer strategies to overcome them.Problem 1: Lack of VocabularyOne of the primary challenges students face is a limited vocabulary, which can hinder their ability to express complex ideas.Solution:- Regular vocabulary building through reading, flashcards, and word-a-day calendars.- Using a thesaurus to find synonyms for common words to enrich the essay.- Practicing with sample essays to learn how to use new words in context.Problem 2: Difficulty in Constructing Coherent Paragraphs Another issue is the struggle to create well-structured paragraphs that flow logically from one idea to the next.Solution:- Learning the structure of a standard paragraph (topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence). - Outlining the essay before writing to ensure a clear progression of ideas.- Using transition words and phrases to connect thoughts and maintain coherence.Problem 3: Time ManagementThe pressure of completing the essay within a limited time frame can lead to rushed and poorly developed arguments.Solution:- Practicing under timed conditions to simulate the exam environment.- Allocating time wisely, with a clear structure: brainstorming, outlining, writing, and revising.- Learning to prioritize; focus on completing the essay over perfecting every sentence.Problem 4: Grammar and Punctuation ErrorsGrammar and punctuation mistakes can distract from theessay's content and lead to a lower score.Solution:- Reviewing and practicing English grammar rules regularly. - Using grammar check tools to identify and correct errors. - Proofreading the essay carefully before submission to catch any overlooked mistakes.Problem 5: Inability to Develop a Clear Thesis StatementA weak or unclear thesis statement can make the essay seemaimless and confuse the reader.Solution:- Understanding the difference between a topic and a thesis statement.- Practicing formulating a clear and concise thesis statement that guides the essay.- Ensuring that the thesis statement is arguable and specific, providing a clear direction for the essay.Conclusion:Overcoming the challenges of English Level Four writing requires a combination of preparation, practice, andstrategic planning. By addressing the common problems of vocabulary, paragraph construction, time management, grammar, and thesis development, students can improve their writing skills and increase their chances of success in the examination.。
Essay Writing ChecklistIntroductionThe first sentence is the hook and is designed to grab the reader’sattentionTransition from the hook to the thesis statementGive the full title(s) of the work(s) you are exploring as well asthe complete name(s) of the author(s)The thesis statement is the last sentence in the introductionparagraphThe thesis statement clearly and directly responds to the writingprompt or assignment (the words in the prompt may be used toformulate the thesis statement)The introduction is at least 4 – 6 sentencesBody ParagraphsThe topic sentence is the first sentence of each body paragraphThe topic sentences are an extension of the thesis statement—eachtopic sentence clearly proves and supports the thesis statement andresponds to the prompt or writing assignmentTopic sentences do not summarize plot or make general commentsBody paragraphs are developed with at least two supportingpassages/quotes from the literatureProvide reader with the context for each supporting quote: speaker +occasionFollow each quote with at least two sentences of analysis thatexplain how the quote supports and proves the topic sentence andtherefore the thesis statementThe last sentence of each body paragraph is a concluding sentencethat summarizes the paragraph and/or transitions to the nextparagraphConclusionRestates the thesis statementSummarizes the main ideas without being repetitiveMay possibly revisit the hook or provide an appropriate quotationExpands on the ideas in the essay, leaving the reader thinking andponderingThe conclusion is at least 4 – 6 sentencesNever write “In conclusion…”Other Important AspectsUse formal writing style, tone, and languageAvoid slang, poor diction, non-specific language, and contractionsAvoid addressing the reader and the use of first-personAvoid asking rhetorical questionsBe mindful and aware of MLA format in citing your sources in the textPay attention to spelling, punctuation and grammarAlways proofread and self-edit your workGive your essay a creative, thoughtful and interesting titleTake pride in your work and give the essay 100% of your effort!Topic Sentence ChecklistAn effective topic sentence:Proves and supports a thesis statementTells the reader the focus of the paragraphStates a claim, idea, or assertion—the author’s expert opinion aboutthe literatureLike the thesis statement, addresses how/why questionsIs very clear and very specificAvoids 1st person point of viewAvoids plot summaryAvoids stating the obviousAvoids abstract ideas and languageAvoids passive voiceUsing Supporting Details ChecklistConsider the following when using supporting quotes and passages in your writing:Lead into or set up your quote/passage with speaker (character/narrator) and occasion (context, or what’s happening in the plotFollow up a quote with at least two sentences of commentary andanalysis before moving on to the next supporting detailAvoid excessive plot summaryBe sure the quote is relevant to your topic sentence and thesis—doesyour quote help prove your pointAvoid letting the quote speak for itself—avoid “dropping” the quoteActive and Academic Verbs to Use in Critical Literary AnalysisEmphasizes Elucidates Compares Suggests Creates Illustrates Exemplifies Parallels Juxtaposes Implies Alludes to Observes Identifies Organizes Reinforces DefinesClarifiesContrastsArguesMirrorsEchoesDevelopsConnotesFocusesBalancesRelatesExpressesInsinuatesDemonstrates Anatomy of a Paragraph & Paragraph ChecklistConsider the following model of a typical literary analysis paragraph:Each supporting detail is made up of:1. Lead-in or set-up: Speaker + Occasion2. Direct quote or passage3. At least two sentences of following commentary/analysisThe Concluding Sentence:Wraps up and summarizes the paragraph Transitions to the next body paragraphAvoids the words “in conclusion” or “in summary”Consider the following reminders when composing a literary analysis paragraph:Use the strongest argument, or supporting detail, last Be mindful of spelling, grammar, and punctuation Use present tense verbs when writing literary analysis Be mindful of proper MLA format when citing a source Avoid poor diction and slangAvoid clichés, first -person point of view, and addressing the readerSupporting Detail* Supporting Detail*Supporting Detail*Concluding SentenceThesis Statements: Strategies,Checklist, & SamplesThe thesis statement in an essay of literary analysis functions as follows: -It narrows your topic to a central idea—all topic sentences and body paragraphs will develop and support this idea-It asserts something specific and significant about the topic, conveying your expert opinion-It may preview how your ideas will be arranged within your essay-It is logical, precise, and reasonableHere are some strategies for formulating a thesis statement:I. Decode the writing prompt: Pay close attention to the language of the prompt.Underline or highlight words that indicate specific areas of focus. Use the language ofthe prompt while composing your thesis statement.* Depending on the prompt or assignment you are given, you may be able tosimply restate the prompt while including your answer tohow/why questions.II. Take Inventory: Determine which supporting details or passages could be used toprove your thesis.* Be careful! Avoid arbitrarily selecting quotes. Be certain the supporting detailsyou choose do, in fact, support the central idea.III. Identify Relationships, Distinctions, & Categories: Once you have a variety ofsupporting details, determine what various aspects of the thesis statement eachdetail supports. These distinctions or categories will be used to determine what yourtopic sentences and body paragraphs will be made up of.IV. Revise and Draft Again: Rewrite the thesis as many times as necessary to achievesatisfaction. Continually refer to the prompt to be sure you are directly andspecifically responding to its requirements. You may find that after you have writtenthe body paragraphs, your paper has taken a different direction. In that case, youmust revise your thesis statement to suit the rest of the essay. Consider the following checklist when composing a thesis statement: Do not use first-person point of view in a thesis statement, unless you are writing a personalautobiographical essay. Formal literary analysis requires the use of third person point ofview.The thesis statement should be limited to one sentence. In rare cases, two sentences maybe necessary.Refer to the writing prompt frequently while composing the thesis and be sure yourstatement clearly responds to all aspects of the promptThe thesis statement is located at the end of the introductory paragraph in a typicalliterary analysis essay.The thesis is a “roadmap” for the ideas presented in the essay; it informs the reader whatwill be analyzed in the essay and in what order.The thesis statement presents ideas in logical, clear, and specific language; it avoids vague orabstract language, poor diction, and slang.The thesis statement is analytical, not factual; it conveys theauthor’s expert opinion, orassertion and avoids stating the obvious. It answers how and why questions.The thesis statement is logical, precise, and reasonable.The Introduction Paragraph: Strategies & Checklist:The introduction paragraph in an essay of literary analysis functions as follows:-It focuses the reader’s attention on the topic and arouses curiosity about what youhave to say-It specifies your subject and implies your attitude/tone-It provides background necessary to understand the thesis statement-It is concise and sincere-It comes to a point with the thesis statementAnatomy of the Introduction:1st Sentence: Hook or Opening Sentence-Engages the reader’s attention2nd– 3rd Sentence-analyzed3rd - 5th Sentences-Function to transition ideas from hook to thesisThesis Statement-Final sentence(s) of the introduction paragraphStrategies for Composing Hooks or Opening Statements:-Use a vivid quotation-Create a visual image that represents your subject-Create an analogy for your subject-Offer a surprising/interesting statistic or other fact-State an opinion related to your thesis-Ask a question or define a word central to your subject (Note= Use these techniques very sparingly and cautiously, as they may beconsidered cliché)Consider the following checklist when writing an introduction paragraph:The opening sentence or hook engages the reader’s attentionThe introduction avoids 1st person point of view, slang, andpoor dictionSpecific terms or language are clearly definedNecessary background information is providedThe paragraph clearly and logically transitions from the hookto the thesis statementThe thesis statement appears at the end of the introductionThe paragraph is clear, logical, and reasonableAvoid vague/abstract languageAvoid an attempt to be cute, funny, or terribly cleverThe introduction is usually 4 – 6 sentences (longerintroductions tend to ramble and detract from the topic)Uses present tense verbs consistentlyThe Conclusion Paragraph: Strategies, Checklist, & SamplesThe conclusion paragraph in a literary analysis essay functions as follows: -It finishes off the essay and tells readers where the writer has brought them-It restates the thesis and contains echoes of the introduction and body paragraphs without listing the points covered in the essay -It creates a broader implication of the ideas discussed and answers the question “So what”Anatomy of the conclusion:-The conclusion begins with a restatement of the thesis, nota repetition, and gradually widens toward a final, broadstatement of implication-Borrows from the body paragraphs, without being flatlyrepetitive or listing points already covered-Creates echoes of the introduction and body paragraphsto reinforce analysis/ideas-Moves outward with a statement that relates thethesis to a broader implication so the reader can see itin a larger perspectiveStrategies for Composing Conclusions:-Strike a note of hope or despair-Give a symbolic or powerful fact/detail-Create an analogy that relates your topic to a larger implication-Give an especially compelling example-Create a powerful visual image that represents your topic-Use a meaningful quotation-Recommend a course of action-Echo the approach/language of the introduction-Reference and make meaning of the title of the work you are analyzing Consider the following checklist when writing a conclusion:Avoid first person point of view, abstract/vague language, poor diction, and slangAvoid simply repeating the thesis and/or listing the main pointsDon’t conclude more than you reasonably can from the evidence youhave presentedEcho the language/ideas from your introduction and body paragraphsExpand on the implications of your ideas—So whatAvoid any attempts to be funny, cute, or cleverThe conclusion is usually 4 – 6 sentencesPaper Format and TitlesMargins:In MLA format the margins are as follows:Top: ½ inchLeft: 1 inchRight: 1 inchBottom: 1 inchSpacing:All MLA style papers are double spaced throughout.Heading and Title:-An MLA paper does not need a title page.-½” down from the top of each page and in the right hand corner is located the page number followed by the author’s last name and aspace-1” down from the top (and one double space down from the page number) in the left hand corner appears the authors name (first and last) -One double space below the author’s name is the name of the professor or instructor-One double space below the professor’s name is the class title and/or course number-One double space below the course information is the date the assignment is due, listed in the following order: date, then month,followed by year (no commas)-One double space below the date, centered in the page, is the title of the paper.Titles:- A title tells the reader how extensive the topic is- A title should not restate the assignment or thesis statement-The revision stage is a good time to consider a title because attempting to sum up your essay in a phrase can focus your attentionon the topic, purpose, and audience- A descriptive title is often expected for academic writing—it announces the topic clearly, accurately, and as briefly as possible -Avoid trying to be funny, cute, or terribly clever in your title。
