专题四 短文改错
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216专题四短文改错一．考纲解读短文改错题共计10小题。
高考短文改错题以完整篇章的形式出现，所以考生首先建立把握和连贯思索的审题模式。
此题主要考察学生的词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。
错误类型包括词性、句子结构、上下文的逻辑性等，没有单词拼写、标点符号或语序错误，只涉及语法、习惯表达和语义逻辑层面。
主要考察考生运用自己在高中所学的语法知识，发现，判断，纠正文章中错误的能力。
它不仅要求考生掌握一定的词汇、语法知识，还要求考生具有一定的阅读、分析和逻辑推理能力。
它不是单纯的知识检测，而是在改错和书写的过程中，在对篇章的上下文理解中运用所学的语言知识去解决实际的语言问题。
二、命题分析通过分析近三年高考短文改错我们发现，此题主要考察考生在词法句法惯用法和行文逻辑等方面在语篇中综合运用的能力，因此考点综合性强，覆盖面广，错项设置类型多，是历年高考英语中的难题。
最近几年高考短文改错呈以下两个特点：1.选材特点短文改错的文体多为记叙文，有时以书信的形式呈现。
一般在110词左右。
所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所所熟悉甚至是考生所经历过的故事。
文字浅显易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇：句子结构简单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。
2.考点设置短文改错所考察的词类覆盖面广，分布合理.其重点是从词法·句法和行文逻辑三个角度考察学生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构·习惯搭配等。
错误设置类型相对稳定，主要集中在以下几个方面：名词和冠词\动词\形容词和副词\代词\介词\介词、数词、非谓语动词、连词、复合句、逻辑关系。
为了提高做短文改错题的能力，考生除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所分析，以便做到目标明确，有的放失，从而提高解题的正确率。
三．题型探究第一讲：句子成分;冠词，名词，代词不同的句子成分要用不同的词性表达；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。
只有我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。
例1 （2011陕西卷）Last Sunday morning,when I was having a walk in the park near my home ,I came across a crew make a new film with oneof …（解析）make---making .分析结构可知此处是现在分词短语making a new film作后置定语修饰a crew ,所以make 改为making.探究点一冠词英语中冠词只有三个，a;an;the 从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几个方向出题;1)不定冠词a和an互改2）不定冠词a或an 和定冠词the互改3）根据需要增删冠词。
主要考查表示特指和泛指时冠词的使用情况。
1.如季节\月份\星期\球类及三餐活动、称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，2 same常和the一起使用却漏掉了the；1）When I was boy,I used to read a lot.(改为a boy)2）This was my first visit to a English family.(改为an English family) 3）I started writing down words from books that I read .(改为the books 特指我读的书)4）I hope you have had pleasant journey home and will come to China.(改为a pleasant journey)探究点二名词单复数及主谓一致名词单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成分；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。
主谓一致关键是要分析句子结构，找出主谓语来。
1）Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. (allow 改为allows ,主语是动名词短语Earning their ownmoney，位于应该用单数)2）But one and a half year later ,he came back from abroad.(改为years ,one and a half 意思为一年半，故判断此处year 应为复数形式)3）I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort.(根据句意分析，and 连接两个不同的事情，故watch 应改为动名词watching 作主语)探究三代词代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。
1）And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own.（your 改为their ,指代对象应一致）2）You have be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.(him 改为them ,puipls 是复数，后应该用替代复数名词的代词。
)3）Some students may also save up for our college or future use.(our 改为their ,指代对象应一致04）We often play a trick on himself.(himself 改为him,play a trick on sb )改错大练兵一．单句改错。
（下列句子各有一处错误，请改正）1.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices ,and we enjoyedseveral local dish.(2012陕西)2.There had been a terrible accident on the highway and,as aresult ,there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile.(2012辽宁) 3.From the time I was about four until I was about six ,I destroyed eachof my toy.（2012 全国新课标）4.Like the rest of my classmates ,I didn’t really want to get close toher.(2010辽宁)5.I came across a crew making a new film with one of my favouriteactor.(2011陕西)6.My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when wevisited Beining last month …What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.(2012陕西)7.But the only clothes I had was those I had on ( 2011全国新课标)8.In early January this year ,the rate of UFO reports were steady.(2011辽宁)9.After one hour’s driving I finally arrived at my friend.（2011全国新课标）10.I was playing at my cousin house when a stranger came in .(2011浙江)11.M y father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when wevisited Beijing last month …It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of mine who is going to Being(2012陕西) 12.A fter that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday .(2011全国新课标)13.M y friend Nick told me story about his experience back in theUS.(2010全国新课标)14.w hen,on January 16, a science fiction film about visitors from outerspace was shown on televison ,there was the immediate in reports of sightings from all parts of the States(2011辽宁)15.I was happy when the toys worked ,but when things went wrong ,I gotangry and broke it (2012全国新课标)16.I didn’t thinl she looked like Grandma.”Neither did me .”said Mothercheerfully.(2010浙江)17.T he commanding officer ,Wayne Tyler, who was directlu responsiblefor the study of all such reports ,decided to make his findings known.They wrote an article (2011辽宁)18.I didn’t have my camera with me at that time ,so I rushed back hometo get.(2011陕西)19.S he liked the cup at once.Then she bent down and pick up.(2010陕西)20.A s she did this ,lots of tea splashed on his T-shirt!(2010陕西)二．短文改错(一)There are several ways improve our English writing skills, suchas keeping a diary, learning any good writings by heart, doing a lotof reading, etc, among that I prefer keeping a diary. Comparing withother forms of writing, keeping a diary is easy and take less time. Inaddition, it can help us form a habit of thinking in English. If we cankeep this practice, we will gradually learn how to express us in English.What’s more, keeping a diary can be as talking with one of your closefriends, sharing your happiness or sadness. In a simple word, keepinga diary was a good way of improving your written English.二I still remember how nervously I was on my first day in the new school three years ago，when I found difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class.The teacher spoke English throughout the class，that was totally different from lessons I had taken before.In the morning class the next day，the English teacher came to me while I am reading the text aloud as other students.After listen to me for a while，she gave me a big smile and said he liked my voice very much.The smile shone on the whole day and the following days.A week later，I was volunteered to take charge of English study in my class.Thank to the comforting smile in my first morning class，I began to confident.第二讲: 句子成分：动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词探究点一动词动词：1.时态和语态2.及物动词后无宾语3.不及物动词后加了宾语4.需要接ing形式的接了动词原形或者不定式。
