商务英语阅读-第二版-王艳-习题标准答案之-英汉互译

、英译汉Chapter1sluggish economy 萧条的经济 trade deficit贸易赤字industrialized countries 工业化国家 international specialization 国际专业化trade surplus 贸易盈余 full employment充分就业 in-depth analysis 深入的分析free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定 product differentiation 产品差别 determinative factor 决定性因素Chapter2consumer-goods 消费品 brand equity 品牌资产价值 real-time sales data 实时销售数据 profit margin 盈利 discount retailers 折扣零售商advertising budget 广告预算 sales promotion 促销 scanner data 扫描数据Chapter3privileged minoritymarketing research a sales point 卖点potential consumer 潜在顾客 gasstation 加油站 professional competence 专业技能 product design 产品设计 business disaster 商业灾难Chapter4supplier networks 供应商网络 specialist manufacturing technology 特殊制造技术 anti-Japanese sentiment 反日情绪foreign affiliates 外方合伙人，外国附属公司go public 上市keep a weather eye on... 对 随时留意/小心提防 international subsidiaries 国外子公司 take a wait-and-see approach 持观望态度 performance measures 业绩评定指标 /方法Chapter6explicit inflation target 明确公开的通货膨胀指标 /目标 volatile prices 波动的价格 monetary policymaking 制定货币政策 consumer expenditure 消费支出credit crunch 信贷资金骤减variable mortgage rates 浮动按揭紙押贷款利率surging and plunging asset prices 大起大落的资产价格do more harm than good 得不偿失 /弊大于利Chapter7Competitive edge竞争优势Convertibility of profit 收益的可兑换性享有特权的少数人市场调查 mobility of people 人口流动 standardized items 标准零配件 complementary economies 互补经济体Chapter5publicly traded companies 上市公司 accounting firms 会计师事务所 cost efficient 经济划算的 reconciliation reports （ 财务）调整报告Breach of contract 违反合同Financial instruments 金融工具Chapter10Biometric technology 生物技术Cost and revenue projections 成本和利润计算 Front-line workers 一线工作人员Substantial salary cuts 大幅度减薪Chapter11by virtue of 由于 crush to bits 溃不成军 dole out 少量的发放 grapple with 尽力克服 in the heyday 在鼎盛时期 most of all 尤其是take pains to尽力设法，煞费苦心to the tune of 共计，达……之多 scare the wits out of 极度惊吓，吓得魂不附体serve up提供Chapter12Case in point 有针对性的例证 Competitive edge 竞争优势 Flat-footed笨手笨脚的 Fuel economy 燃油经济性，节油 Market capitalization 总市值 Polish the image 粉饰形象 Profit-obsessed关注利润的 Renewable resources 可再生资源 Strike a balance达到平衡，取得平衡Utility company公共事业公司、汉译英Chapter1关税壁垒 tariff barrier 劳动生产率 labor productivity生产要素 factor of production 回归分析 regression analysis 世界经济复苏 world economic recoveryCurrency conversions 货币转换 Cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析 A vested interest既得利益Financial hedges Record-high In its infancy金融避险 破纪录的高点 初期阶段Chapter8the company 's vision of the future 公司未来愿景 leverage resources 利用资源 untapped niches 尚未被竞争者发现的市场机会 market segments 细分市场cost reduction 削减成本a portfolio of businesses 投资多样化 convenience stores 便利店 premium brand 高端品啤Chapter9Public awareness 公众认识 International assignment 海外任务 Economic downturn 经济萧条 Reward scheme 奖励机制Regulatory changes 政策变动 Global recruitment 全球招聘 Advisory service 咨询服务 Talent management 英才管理Adaptive ability 适应能力 Non-stop flight 直达航班 Customer feedback 客户反馈 Job rotation 岗位轮换经济双赢 economic win-win 收入不平等 wage inequality 解雇工人 lay off works 双边协议bilateral deal 市场准入 market accessChapter2价格溢价price premium 减价price reductions营销组合marketing mix 产品数量(种类) product-line varietyChapter3日常生活daily life物理特征physical characteristic 国内媒体national media销售渠道distribution systemChapter4企业并购mergers and acquisition 全球化战略globalization strategy 市场准入access of market贸易伙伴trading partners基线销售base-line sales 广告支出advertising spending 销量溢价quantity premium美元分配allocation of dollars广告活动advertising campaigns视觉想象visual imagination 销售增长sales increase海外扩张overseas expansion 保护主义措施protectionist measures 知识产权intellectual property right 资本投入capital investmentChapter5通用/ 公认会计准则generally accepted accounting principles 收益确认revenue recognition 损益表/ 收益表income statement 每股收益earnings per share常务/ 执行董事managing director信用评级机构credit-rating agencies财务管理人员/ 主管finance chiefs/ executives 机构投资者/ 投资机构institutional investorsChapter6 ?楼市暴跌?维持价格稳定?核心通货嘭胀率?消费者物价指数?资产负债表?预除负面影响?政策框架?市场预期housing crush/ collapse maintain price stability core inflation rate consumer price index (CPI) balance sheet forestall the adverse effects policy framework market expectationsChapter7新兴市场金融危机民间暴乱股票价格emerging marketsfinancial meltdowncivil disturbanceshare prices产品到导向型的广告product-orientated advertisingrisk premium political spin level the play field have a stake in data-mining game theory Chapter8实施战略 execute strategy 竞争优势 competitiveadvantage 实证研究 empirical studies 核心品牌 core brand 分销系统 distribution system 控股公司a holding company 文化冲突 culture clashes 股东财富 shareholders wealthChapter9员工离职 staff turnover 涨薪 pay rises安然丑闻 the Enron scandal 甄别程序 selection praedure 新员工raw recruits 职业阶梯 career ladder 董事会主席 board director 公司结构 organizational structureChapter10连续创新者 a serial innovator 行业危机 industry crises 商务舱 business class 高级管理层 senior management 产品开发 product development 同伴压力 peer pressure地勤部门 ground services department恐怖袭击 terrorist attackChapter11从无到有，白手起家 点击欺诈 利基市场，细分市场 迫切需要 如大家所说 消灭，彻底摧毁风险溢价 政治周旋 平衡竞争环境 利害关系 数据采集 博弈论from scratch click fraud niche market cry out for by all accounts wipe out蓄意侵犯willfully infringe on严格控制，严加管束rein in赚钱pull in最大的一份lion 's shareChapter12操纵价格price manipulation/manipulation of price 成形，初具规模take shape粗制滥造churn out客户忠诚度customer loyalty全力应付，努力克服wrestle with全球水资源匮乏global water scarcity替代能源alternative resources温室气体排放greenhouse gas emission新兴市场emerging market致力于commit oneself to。

Unit 11. The World Bank’s key role is to improve living standards and assist developing nations through making credit and other forms of assistance available to achieve a sustainable development.世界银行的关键作用是通过提供信贷和其他形式的援助来实现可持续发展来提高生活水平和协助发展中国家。

2. So in order to smooth out the international business cycle, and thus reduce the duration and damage of recessions, OPEC could temper oil prices and control booming or slumping economic growth.所以为了消除国际商业周期，从而减少经济衰退的时间和损失，石油输出国组织可以调低油价，控制经济增长或萧条。

3. Its members benefit from liberalized trade gaining access to a larger demand market, new technologies, managerial techniques, raises in living standards, and employment opportunities.其成员受益于自由贸易进入更大需求市场，新技术，管理技术，提高了生活水平和就业机会。

4. Under his influence, the organization’s international secretariat was established in Paris and he was instrumental in creating the ICC International Court of Arbitration in 1923.在他的影响下，该组织的国际秘书处在巴黎成立，他在1923年创建了国际商会国际仲裁法庭。

商务英语口译王艳答案【篇一：商务英语阅读第二版(王艳主编)chapter1-4 课后答案详解】汉chapter1sluggish economy冷清的经济full employment充足就业trade deficit贸易赤字in-depth analysis深入的剖析industrialized countries工业化国家free-trade agreement 自由贸易协议international specialization 国际专业化product differentiation产品差异trade surplus 贸易盈余determinative factor 决定性因素chapter2consumer-goods花费品discount retailers折扣零售商equity品牌财产价值advertising budget广告估算brand real-time sales data 及时销售数据sales promotion 促销profit margin 盈余scanner data 扫描数据chapter3privileged minority marketing research 享有特权的少量人gas station加油站市场检查 professional competence 专业技能a sales point 卖点product design 产品设计potential consumer 潜伏顾客business disaster 商业灾害chapter4mobility of people人口流动supplier networks供给商网络standardized items标准零配件specialist manufacturing technology 特别制造技术complementary economies互补经济体anti-japanese sentiment 反日情绪foreign affiliates 外方合伙人，外国隶属公司go public 上市二、汉翻英chapter1经济共赢 economic win-win 收入不一样等wage inequality 关税壁垒 tariff barrier劳动生产率labor productivity辞退工人 lay off works生产因素factor of production双边协议 bilateral deal回归剖析regression analysis市场准入 market access世界经济复苏world economic recoverychapter2价钱溢价 price premium基线销售base-line sales减价 price reductions广告支出advertising spending营销组合 marketing mix销量溢价quantity premium产品数目（种类）product-line variety美元分派allocation of dollarschapter3平常生活 daily life广告活动advertising campaigns物理特色 physical characteristic视觉想象visual imagination 国内媒体 national media销售增加sales increase销售渠道 distribution system产品到导向型的广告product- orientated advertisingchapter4公司并购mergersand acquisition 国外扩充overseas expansion全世界化战略globalization strategy保护主义举措measures 市场准入 access of market知识产权property right贸易伙伴trading partnersprotectionist intellectual三、完形填空chapter 1 chapter 2chapter 3chapter 4资本投入【篇二：商务英语口译教课纲领】文摘 :商务英语口译王艳答案一、课程基本信息1. 课程名称：商务英语口译)程教课纲领课程英文名称： business english interpretation 2语系3. 学时 /学分： 34 学时 /2 学分4. 开课学期：第七学期．讲课专业：外5. 面向对象：本科大四学生二、课程性质与任务课程性质：专业选修课程。

Chapter 1 A How China Works Class_______ No._____ Name_________ Score ______I. Write down English phrases and expressions according to the given Chinese.（每小题4分，本小题共20分）1)削减房贷2)大幅提升盈利能力3)资金密集型行业4)支撑经济增长5)进行民意测验6)遭遇信贷危机II. Translate the first sentence into English and the second sentence into Chinese, using the phrases provided as the clue. （每句6分，本小题共12分）1)让农民变成(turn…into…)拥有土地的消费者可以长时期(go a long way toward…)大大推进创造一个消费型的社会，让中国减少对出口的依赖，让世界经济重获平衡(rebalancing…)。

2)While the yuan did fall a bit in recent months, most economists believe Beijing willcontinue to allow a modest appreciation, weighing its need for export competitiveness against the world’s need for more balanced trade flows.III. Read the following passages and finish the exercises followed. (1-4每空1.5分；5-16每空1分；本小题共18分)答案1___2____3____4___ 5___6___7___8___ 9___ 10___11___12___ 13___14___15___16___Passage ALatin America’s second-largest economy has emerged as a powerful exporter••••••The shift in production at Siemens(from China to Mexico) is part of a little publicised manufacturing revolution in Mexico taking place across a range of industries from cars and aircraft to refrigerators and computers. For the first time in a decade, Latin America’s second-largest economy has become a credible competitor to China.During the first half of this year, Mexico accounted for 14.2 per cent of manufactured imports into the US, the world’s largest importer. In 2005, Mexico’s share was just 11 per cent. Surprisingly, China, which gained huge chunks of the US import market for many years, has started to lose ground. From a high of 29.3 per cent of the total at the end of 2009, it has now shrunk to 26.4 per cent.While winning a bigger slice of the US market, Mexico has diversified its customers. A decade ago, about 90 per cent of the country’s exports went to the US. Last year, that figure fell to less than 80 per cent. Suddenly, it seems, Mexico has become the preferred centre of manufacturing for multinational companies looking to supply the Americas and, increasingly, beyond. Today, Mexico exports more manufactured products than the rest of LatinAmerica put together.The result of this turnround can often seem counter-intuitive. Chrysler, for example, is using Mexico as a base to supply some of its Fiat 500s to the Chinese market. During last year’s inauguration of the US company’s $500m investment in Mexico, Felipe Calderón, the country’s president, told the nation: “I think it is the first time that a Mexican vehicle, at least in recent times, is to be exported to China ... we always thought it was going to be the other way around.”••••••Mexico’s new-found competitiveness has become so clear that Marco Oviedo of Barclays co ncludes: “After lagging Chinese manufacturing exports for a decade, Mexico has taken the lead post-2008-09. We believe this change is likely to be structural and persistent.”Go back to the beginning of the century and none of this seemed possible. Back then, as China burst on to the global stage following its accession to the World Trade Organisation in 2001, Mexico seemed to be in serious trouble.For much of the rest of Latin America, China was a voracious customer of agricultural and mineral commodities. By contrast, Mexico saw China as an unstoppable competitor that produced exactly the same sorts of cheap manufactured goods at a tiny fraction of the cost.Against that backdrop, it is hardly surprising that Mexico was the last WTO member to vote for Chi na’s accession –a vote that it gave only after a long and bitter negotiation.But several important shifts have taken place since then that have improved Mexico’s comparative advantages, giving it a new and dynamic role as a global manufacturer. The first is that Mexico has embraced trade and openness like few other countries in the world.Its free trade agreements with 44 countries – more than twice as many as China and four times more than Brazil –have given companies based in Mexico the ability to source parts and inputs from a wide range of nations, often without paying duty.Partly as a result, the sum of Mexico’s imports and exports as a percentage of its gross domestic product, a strong indicator of openness, rose to 58.6 per cent in 2010. In the case of China, it was 47.9 per cent, and just 18.5 per cent in the case of Brazil. HSBC in Mexico City estimated recently that the figure for Mexico could increase to as much as 69 per cent this year.There is also an increased confidence inspired by agreements, particularly the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement, which binds Mexico with the US and Canada. “Nafta creates a rule of law, which is not perceived to be a particularly Mexican concept ... it forces you to do what is right, and to do it for eve r, ” says Luis de la Calle, an economist and trade expert who helped negotiate Nafta for Mexico.As if to prove the point, Mr de la Calle devised an unorthodox index based on how many alphabetical letters appear about a given country in the US Trade Repres entative’s annual report on barriers to US exports and investment, divided by US exports to that same country. Last year, from a list of 22 countries, Mexico beat Canada to the top place of best-behaved countries. Pakistan was the worst offender and China was 10th worst.. . .Of course, Mexico is not without its problems. While the country is making strides in its attempts to diversify, it is stillheavily beholden to the ups and downs in the US.But perhaps the most alarming concern of foreign investors and the general population alike is the deterioration in security.The murder rate has almost tripled to about 22 per 100,000 inhabitants from just over eight when Mr Calderón declared an all-out offensive against the country’s drug cartels at the end of 2006. The war, which has claimed at least 55,000 lives over the past six years, has dominated headlines about Mexico as the press reports on a seemingly endless flow of horror stories involving beheadings, kidnappings and massacres.This year, it also prompted the US state department to issue a travel advisory telling US citizens to put off “non-essential travel” to many areas of Mexico, and warning that nearly half of the country’s 31 states are so dangerous that travellers should avoid them if possible.So far, the violence has had little impact on multinationals, which generally operate in safe industrial parks around the country. But there are no guarantees that organised crime will not start to try to extort large foreign companies in the future – and in the same way it has been doing with smaller, domestic companies.Until that happens, foreign companies continue to eye Mexico – in part because China has not turned out to be quite the manufacturing nirvana that it once appeared. While executives long complained of Chinese red tape and the threat to intellectual property there, they were willing to balance those risks against cheap labour and transport.But rising wages and higher fuel prices have made it increasingly expensive to export from China to the US market. This is all to Mexico’s advantage. In 2009, Mexico overtook South Korea and China to became the world’s leading producer of flatscreen television sets. The bulkier the item, the more Mexico makes sense. According to Global Trade Atlas, the country is also the leading manufacturer of two-door refrigerators.Thanks to a 2,000-mile border with the US, and extensive rail and road links, it is not only cheap but fast and easy to ship goods north. Shipments from China to the US typically take between 20 days and two months. From Mexico, they take a week at most and usually just two days.For many industries operating in today’s cost-conscious environment, “Made in Mexico” is becoming a serious consideration in their attempts to shorten supply chains, which potentially allows them to cut costs because quicker delivery times mean that they can minimise the amount of money invested in inventories. As Bruno Ferrari, Mexico’s economy minister, told the Financial Times recently: “The proximity that Mexico offer s industry allows companies to reduce their financing costs.”Rising labour costs in China have presented Mexico with an additional opportunity. According to HSBC, Mexican wages were 391 per cent higher than those of China a decade ago. Today, they are just 29 per cent more. Experts predict that Chinese wages will even overtake those of Mexico within five years.Mr de la Calle argues that demographics are behind this. While China is experiencing a squeeze in its working-age population.By contrast, more tha n half Mexico’s 112m population is under 29, so there will be an abundance of cheap labour until at least 2028. “Right now, you have to look at Mexico and conclude that it has the best demographics in the world,” says Mr de la Calle.At the same time, Mexi co’s plentiful working population is becoming more skilled. According to Unesco, the number of engineers, architects and others in disciplines related to manufacturing graduating from Mexican universities hasrisen from almost 0.4 per 1,000 people in 1999 to more than 0.8 today. To set that in a regional context, the number for the US over the same period has remained roughly flat at 0.6 per 1,000.Skilled workers are providing an increasingly attractive environment for high-tech companies – Mexico has in recent years become a world leader in the production of computers and mobile telephones – as well as for car companies, almost all of which are now using Mexican engineers to design parts.. . .Questions 1)-4) are based on the above passage.1). Do you know who is the largest economy in Latin America?A. USAB. MexicoC. ArgentinaD. Brazil2). What was true at the beginning of the century?A. Mexico joined the WTO in 2001.B. China joined the WTO in 2001.C. China's labour cost was higher than Mexico back then.D. Some things happened then impaired Mexico’s comparative advantages.3). Which of the following is not a consequence of Mexico's "embracing trade and openness like few other countries in the world"?A. Free trade agreements reduced costs for companies to do business.B. Mexico's international-trade-to-GDP ratio has risen sharply.C. Openness to the world creates a rule of law.D. Red tape and threat to intellectual property emerged.4). Which of the following is Mexico's advantage over China?A. public security situationB. highly dependent on USC. higher rate of working-age populationD. all of abovePassage BVladimir Putin was on course last night to win the expected first-round v ictory in Russia’s presidential election. But this is not business as usual. The middle-class protests of recent weeks show that politics, after a 12-year slumber, have reawoken. Just months ago, it was assumed Mr Putin could be back for two more presidential terms. Instead, yesterday’s poll marks the beginning of what is in all probability his final six-year term; the beginning of the end of the Putin era.Two big questions remain. One is whether Mr Putin will even complete the full six years of the coming term. The second is whether the Putin “system”, even if in modified form, will survive under a new leader from within the ruling group, or whether it will sooner or later give way to something new – in an orderly or disorderly way.What is clear is that M r Putin’s popularity is in decline. Pre-election polls suggested he now enjoys less than 50 per cent support in Moscow and St Petersburg, Russia’s political capitals. His base remains stronger in rustbelt cities and the countryside. But even there, focus group research and anecdotal evidence suggest creeping disillusionment.The discontent is not, primarily, economic. Russians live far better today than when Mr Putin became president 12 years ago, thanks to soaring oil prices. Working-class Russians are often more reliant on the state for jobs and benefits, and so less ready to go on to the streets. But they share many middle-class concerns: rampant corruption, official cronyism, lack of representation and legal protections. The surge in living standards that once anaesthetised them against these downsides of Putinism has slowed. And barring further, unlikely, oil price rises, Russia’s growth outlook is today less rosy.A decline in Mr Putin’s popularity has important implications. Broad support from ordinary Russians has been thefoundation of his authority. It enabled him to consolidate the elites – oligarchs, security services, senior bureaucrats – who run Russia in the absence of real democratic institutions. If his support wanes further, the elites could fracture and start promoting alternative candidates, with unpredictable consequences.One potential way to resuscitate Mr Putin’s popularity would be to tackle Russians’ concerns over corruption and rule of law head-on, and to conduct economic reforms to stimulate investment and growth. Those things are challenging. But Russia has detailed liberalising plans drawn up, and resources to cushion the social impact. It has six years in which it could start modernising what is now a middle-income country, and prepare it for genuinely free presidential elections in 2018. It could be done.More likely, sadly, the regime will attempt to buy popularity with a spending spree that, with Russia’s budget already requiring oil at $120 a barrel to break even, could threaten its hard-won fiscal stability. Real reform threatens vested interests around Mr Putin. We can only hope the returning president is sincere, at least, in claiming the Kremlin does not plan a post-election crackdown on opposition.In response, the west must tread a fine line. It should continue to entice Russia to be a responsible member of the international community, drawing it into institutions such as the World Trade Organisation. But it should not hesitate to target officials involved in abuses such as the death of the lawyer Sergei Magnitsky. It should engage with the liberal opposition, but avoid heavy-handed “democracy promotion” that would fuel Mr Putin’s unfounded claims that protests against him are a western plot. Without interfering, it should do everything possible to help ensure the Putin era ends not in disorder, but with a calm transition to a more democratic, rules-based future.Questions 5)-8) are based on the above passage.5) According to the author, Russians are discontent with Mr. Putin for all BUTA. Living StandardsB. CorruptionC. CronyismD. Lack of representation and legal protections6) According to the passage, to regain his popularity, Mr. Putin should do all EXCEPTA. Penalize corruptionB. Suppress protesting activitiesC. Stimulate investmentD. Improve the rule of law system7) According to the author, between Russia and the west, which of the following descriptions is correct?A. Russia was not considered to be a responsible member of international affairs.B. Russia was not a member of the World Trade Organisation yet.C. The west once irritated Mr Putin with its heavy-handed “democracy promotion” .D. All of the above8) According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Mr Putin will probably end his presidential term in only six years.B. Mr. Putin's popularity in central cities has declined.C. Broad support from ordinary Russians has limited importance for Putin's governance.D. Mr. Putin has considered several protests against him were plotted by the western world.Passage CThe more unequal a society, the greater the incentive for the rich to pull up the ladder behind themWhen the world’s richest countries were booming, few people worried over much that the top 1 per cent were enjoying an ever-growing share of that prosperity. In the wake of a depression in the US, a fiscal chasm in the UK and an existential crisis in the eurozone –and the shaming of the world’s bankers – worrying about inequality is no longer the preserve of the far left.There should be no doubt about the facts: the income share of the top 1 per cent has roughly doubled in the US since the early 1970s, and is now about 20 per cent. Much the same trend can be seen in Australia, Canada and theUK – although in each case the income share of the top 1 per cent is smaller. In France, Germany and Japan there seems to be no such trend. (The source is the World Top Incomes Database, summarised in the opening paper of a superb symposiu m in this summer’s Journal of Economic Perspectives.)But should we care? There are two reasons we might: process and outcome. We might worry that the gains of the rich are ill-gotten: the result of the old-boy network, or fraud, or exploiting the largesse of the taxpayer. Or we might worry that the results are noxious: misery and envy, or ill-health, or dysfunctional democracy, or slow growth as the rich sit on their cash, or excessive debt and thus financial instability.Following the crisis, it might be unfashionable to suggest that the rich actually earned their money. But knee-jerk banker-bashers should take a look at research by Steven Kaplan and Joshua Rauh, again in the JEP symposium. They simply compare the fate of the top earners across different lines of business. Worried that chief executives are filling their boots thanks to the weak governance of publicly listed companies? So am I, but partners in law firms are also doing very nicely, as are the bosses of privately owned companies, as are the managers of hedge funds, as are top sports stars. Governance arrangements in each case are different.Perhaps, then, some broad social norm has shifted, allowing higher pay across the board? If so, we would expect publicly scrutinised salaries to be catching up with those who have more privacy –for instance, managers of privately held corporations. The reverse is the case.The uncomfortable truth is that market forces – that is, the result of freely agreed contracts – are probably behind much of the rise in inequality. Globalisation and technological change favour the highly skilled. In the middle of the income distribution, a strong pair of arms, a willingness to work hard and a bit of common sense used to provide a comfortable income. No longer. Meanwhile at the very top, winner-take-all markets are emerging, where the best or luckiest entrepreneurs, fund managers, authors or athletes hoover up most of the gains. The idea that the fat cats simply stole everyone else’s cream is emotionally powerful; it is not entirely convincing.In a well-functioning market, people only earn high incomes if they create enough economic value to justify those incomes. But even if we could be convinced that this was true, we do not have to let the matter drop.This is partly because the sums involved are immense. Between 1993 and 2011, in the US, average incomes grew a modest 13.1 per cent in total. But the average income of the poorest 99 per cent – that is everyone up to families making about $370,000 a year – grew just 5.8 per cent. That gap is a measure of just how much the top 1 per cent are making. The stakes are high.I set out two reasons why we might care about inequality: an unfair process or a harmful outcome. But what really should concern us is that the two reasons are not actually distinct after all. The harmful outcome and the unfair process feed each other. The more unequal a society becomes, the greater the incentive for the rich to pull up the ladder behind them.At the very top of the scale, plutocrats can shape the conversation by buying up newspapers and television channels or funding political campaigns. The merely prosperous scramble desperately to get their children into the right neighbourhood, nursery, school, university and internship –we know how big the gap has grown between winners and also-rans.Miles Corak, another contributor to the JEP debate, is an expert on intergenerational income mobility, the question of whether rich parents have rich children. The painful truth is that in the most unequal developed nations – the UK and the US – the intergenerational transmission of income is stronger. In more equal societies such as Denmark, the tendency of privilege to breed privilege is much lower.This is what sticks in the throat about the rise in inequality: the knowledge that the more unequal our societies become, the more we all become prisoners of that inequality. The well-off feel that they must strain to prevent their children from slipping down the income ladder. The poor see the best schools, colleges, even art clubs and ballet classes, disappearing behind a wall of fees or unaffordable housing.The idea of a free, market-based society is that everyone can reach his or her potential. Somewhere, we lost our way.Questions 9)-12) are based on the above passage.9) In which developed country we cannot observe a widening income gap?A. UK.B. Canada.C. Australia.D. Germany.10) Why should we care about the widening income gap, according to the writer?A. It implies that the gains of the rich are ill-gotten.B. It means the old-boy network is too strong a vested interest.C. It might result in envy or dysfunctional democracy.D. It is a result of slow growth as the rich sit on their cash.11) What is not a cause for the widening income gap?A. Chief executives of large companies are being paid too much.B. Technological changes favor the highly skilled.C. Winner-take-all markets are emerging.D. Globalisation.12) What is the "painful" conclusion drawn by the JEP resaerch by Steven Kaplan and Joshua Rauh?A. Income gap is small in France, Germany and Japan.B. Intergenerational income mobility has something to do with income equality.C. Intergenerational transmission of income is higher in developed countries.D. A free, market-based society is the best system to reduce the gap.Passage DUS regulators are investigating the hiring practices of JPMorgan Chase in Hong Kong, in a move that could cast an unflattering light on the relationships between Wall Street banks and the sons and daughters of Chinese government officials.JPMorgan disclosed in a recent regulatory filing that it has received a request from the US Securities and Exchange Commission “seeking information and documents relating to, among other matters, the firm’s employment of certain former e mployees in Hong Kong and its business relationships with certain clients”.A person familiar with the investigation said that it involves the bank’s hiring of Tang Xiaoning, son of a former Chinese banking regulator who is now chairman of the state-owned China Everbright Group, and Zhang Xixi, the daughter of a Chinese railway official.A Beijing-based spokesperson for JPMorgan said the bank was fully co-operating with the US authorities but declined to comment further.The investigation is likely to cause consternation on Wall Street and in the corridors of power in China, where hiring the sons and daughters of prominent politicians or business leaders is considered de rigueur as part of a system that places heavy emphasis on “guanxi,” or personal conne ctions, as a way of securing new business.In their rush to capitalise on China’s economic growth, virtually all the big Wall Street and European financial institutions with operations in the country have habitually hired “princelings”, as the children of senior Chinese officials are known.Goldman Sachs once hired Jiang Zhicheng, grandson of the former Chinese president Jiang Zemin, for its direct private investment arm, for instance.A senior Chinese official told the FT that the Chinese government had not launched its own investigation into JPMorgan or its hiring practices in the country, but that the revelations are causing concern because the practice of hiring the children of senior officials to work at financial institutions is very common.Some individual Chinese officials are worried their own children could also be named in media reports or in investigations in the US, the senior official said.Two people familiar with the matter confirmed that Tang Xiaoning and Zhang Xixi had previously worked at JPMorgan and that Mr Tang left the company in December 2012. Attempts to reach Mr Tang and Ms Zhang were unsuccessful.A spokesman for the SEC declined to comment on the investigation, which was first reported by the New York Times.US authorities ha ve to date rarely investigated Wall Street’s business practices in China, though a former Morgan Stanley adviser was last year sent to prison after bribing a Chinese official to win lucrative real estate investments for the bank.In recent years, foreign banks are said to have found it increasingly difficult to attract the offspring of the country’s most senior leaders thanks to the rise of a domestic private equity industry that provides lucrative opportunities for Chinese investors with powerful family backgrounds.In private conversations, executives at western banks admit they are now more likely to hire the children of vice-ministers or provincial vice-governors, whereas a few years ago the parents of their recruits were usually minister level or above.The investigation could add to JPMorgan’s recent regulatory woes. The investment bank faces a string of regulatory investigations related to its $6bn “London Whale” trading loss, as well as questions over its commodities and energy businesses.With additional reporting by Kara Scannell and Stephen Foley in New York.Questions 13)-16) are based on the above passage.13) Where is JPMorgan's hiring practices being scrutinized?A. London.B. New York.C. Hong Kong.D. Shanghai.14) Why the investigation is likely to cause consternation?A. Wall Street giants fear being kicked out of China.B. Officials fear being removed from office.C. A social system that emphasizes on “guanxi” might be altered.D. The common business model of hiring princelings might be finished.15) Why is it "increasingly difficult to attract the offspring of the country’s most sen ior leaders"?A. US regulators have been taking actions.B. China's domestic private equity industry is booming.C. Officials are worried that their names might be mentioned on media.D. General Secretary Xi launched a campaigne against “the four winds”.16) JPMorgan is facing with several regulatory woes, except?A "Occupy Wall Street" Movement.B"London Whale" trading loss.C Questions about its commodities and energy businesses.D Hiring practises in Hong Kong.（本小测满分50分，阅读答案不抄到第1页阅读答案横线处者扣2分。

商务英语口译第二版王艳参考答案1、The children ______ visiting the museum. [单选题] *A. look overB. look forward to(正确答案)C. look forD. look after2、53．On your way home, you can buy some fruit, meat, vegetables and ________. [单选题] * A．something else(正确答案)B．else somethingC．everything elseD．else everything3、Chinese people spend _____ money on travelling today as they did ten years ago. [单选题] *A. more than twiceB. as twice muchC. twice as much(正确答案)D. twice more than4、14．He is cutting the apple ________ a knife. [单选题] *A．inB．toC．with(正确答案)D．by5、A modern city has sprung up in _____was a waste land ten years ago. [单选题] *A.whichB.what(正确答案)C.thatD.where6、There is a bank ______ the street. [单选题] *A. on the end ofB. in the end ofC. at the end of(正确答案)D. by the end of7、My brother is _______ actor. He works very hard. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. one8、--Do you have a _______?--Yes, I _______ at a clothes store. [单选题] *A. work; workB. work; jobC. job; jobD. job; work(正确答案)9、The early Americans wanted the King to respect their rights. [单选题] *A. 统治B. 满足C. 尊重(正确答案)D. 知道10、98．There is a post office ______ the fruit shop and the hospital. [单选题] * A．atB．withC．between(正确答案)D．among11、He used to get up at six in the morning,（)? [单选题] *A. used heB. did heC. didnt he (正确答案)D. should he12、( ) No matter _____ hard it may be, I will carry it out. [单选题] *A whatB whateverC how(正确答案)D however13、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long14、The commander said that two _____ would be sent to the Iraqi front line the next day. [单选题] *A. women's doctorB. women doctorsC. women's doctorsD. women doctor(正确答案)15、If you had told me earlier, I _____ to meet you at the hotel. [单选题] *A. had comeB. will have comeC. would comeD. would have come(正确答案)16、At last the plane landed at the Beijing Airport safely. [单选题] *A. 平稳地B. 安全地(正确答案)C. 紧急地D. 缓缓地17、The secretary was asked to_____of the waste paper on the desk. [单选题] *A.disappearB.dispose(正确答案)C.declareD.got rid18、We are living in an age（）many things are done by computer. [单选题] *A. thatB. whichC. whyD. when(正确答案)19、10．﹣Could you please sweep the floor？I’m going to cook dinner．﹣__________．I’ll do it at once，Mom．[单选题] *A．I’m afraid notB．You’re kiddingC．It’s a shameD．My pleasure(正确答案)20、Modern plastics can（）very high and very low temperatures. [单选题] *A. stand(正确答案)B. sustainC. carryD. support21、This pair of shoes only _______ me 10 yuan. [单选题] *A. spentB. tookC. paidD. cost(正确答案)22、Sometimes only（）10 out of 500 or more candidates succeed in passing all the tests. [单选题] *A. as many asB. as few as(正确答案)C. as much asD. as little as23、49．________ is the price of the product? [单选题] *A．HowB．How muchC．What(正确答案)D．How many24、There _______ some milk in the glass. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. haveD. has25、( ). I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A. interesting interestedB. interested interesting(正确答案)C. interested interestedD. interesting interesting26、—______ do you play basketball?—Twice a week.（）[单选题] *A. How often(正确答案)B. How muchC. How manyD. How long27、29．There is a book in your left hand. What’s in your ___________ hand? [单选题] * A．the othersB．other (正确答案)C．anotherD．others28、The language school started a new（）to help young learners with reading and writing. [单选题] *A. course(正确答案)B. designC. eventD. progress29、Miss Smith is a friend of _____. [单选题] *A. Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B. Jack’s sisterC. Jack sister’sD. Jack sister30、We will _______ Mary this Sunday. [单选题] *A. call on(正确答案)B. go onC. keep onD. carry on。

汉译英答案第九单元1>Due to the strong opposition of all the staff members, the decision concerningthe relocation of the company to the suburban area was set aside.2>As a CEO with more than 15 years of working experience, his judgment inthis matter was by no means infallible.3>The two companies have been on good terms with each other ever since theystarted cooperation 6 years ago.4>Ever since Goldman Sachs announced its plan to recruit 1500 new employeesin Greater China, applications flooded into its HR office.5>To produce user-friendly software is a tradition passed on between theseveral generations of designers in this IT company.6>Petrochemicals today account for one fourth of all the chemicals made, and inten years this amount is expected to double.7>He’s never en gaged in any international assignments before; I’m not surewhether or not he’ll fit in (with the local employees).8>To ensure returns on their investment, VCs will usually keep an eye on theoperations of the start-ups although they may not interfere in its management.9>I don’t think it’s a high time to buy shares at the moment. The stock marketwill continue to ebb and flow as usual.10>Generally speaking, to be able to get capital from a renowned venture capitalcompany adds to the credibility of the start-up company.第十单元1>With orders flooding from all parts of China, the factory churns outthousands of pairs of sneakers every week.2>The court imposed a £100000 fine on the advertising company forviolating the competition law.3>Due to the protest of the green organizations, the expansion project of thepharmaceutical company has to seize up.4>As an accomplished economist, his two lectures shed some light on ourunderstanding of the advantages and disadvantages of globalization.5>This proposal needs to be fleshed out with some more convincing figuresbefore the committee votes on it.6>One way to achieve a win-win situation during business negotiations isthat both parties ar e very flexible, willing to make sensible concessions without deviating from their own ultimate goals.7>He quitted his well-paid job in the investment bank at the height of hiscareer and took a position in a non-profit organization.8>In the process of searching material for his masters dissertation, hestumbles upon an excellent business opportunity and later developed it into one of the top ten enterprises in the industry.9>As the owner of a small start-up company, he is subject to the will of hissuppliers in many aspects.10>In spite if great financial pressure, he has never conceived of reducingthe housing allowances of his employees.第十二单元1>At present, aircraft emissions are estimated to account for about 2% of thetotal world carbon dioxide emissions.2>He tries to marry domestic manufacturers with foreign buyers3>How to promote growth and restore confidence in the market is an issue atthe top of our agenda.4>China has little to gain from a dollar crash, not least because that wouldmake its exports much less competitive in America.5>The current low inflation and steady growth in household income willtranslate into more purchasing power.6>In countries like the US and the UK, the unemployed and elderly peoplereceive allowances from government to wade through difficult times.7>The slowdown in export growth and a steady increase in import reflected thecountry’s efforts to improve foreign trade have begun to pay off.8>He plowed his life savings into creating his own company, which paid him offhandsomely.9>The employer’s setting an age limit on applicants smacks of agediscrimination.10>W e have managed to stay ahead of the curve by focusing intensely on servingthe needs of our customers.。

《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。

宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。

在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。

对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。

微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。

在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。

我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。

他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。

很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。

相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。

宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。

宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。

而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。

了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。

在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。

因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。

但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。

在宏观经济学中我们注意到经济这部汽车在踩油门时加速，踩刹车时减速。

这就是我们在大多数情形下所需了解的一切。

然而，汽车总有出故障的时候。

《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。

宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。

在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。

对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。

微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。

在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。

我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。

他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。

很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。

相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。

宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。

宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。

而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。

了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。

在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。

因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。

但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。

在宏观经济学中我们注意到经济这部汽车在踩油门时加速，踩刹车时减速。

这就是我们在大多数情形下所需了解的一切。

然而，汽车总有出故障的时候。

商务英语口译王艳答案【篇一：商务英语阅读第二版(王艳主编)chapter1-4 课后答案详解】汉chapter1sluggish economy萧条的经济full employment 充分就业trade deficit 贸易赤字in-depth analysis深入的分析industrialized countries 工业化国家free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定international specialization 国际专业化 product differentiation 产品差别trade surplus 贸易盈余determinative factor决定性因素chapter2consumer-goods消费品 discount retailers折扣零售商 brand equity品牌资产价值advertising budget 广告预算real-time sales data 实时销售数据sales promotion 促销profit margin盈利scanner data 扫描数据chapter3privileged minority 享有特权的少数人gas station 加油站marketing research 市场调查professional competence 专业技能a sales point 卖点product design 产品设计potential consumer 潜在顾客business disaster 商业灾难chapter4mobility of people 人口流动supplier networks 供应商网络standardized items 标准零配件specialist manufacturing technology 特殊制造技术 complementary economies 互补经济体anti-japanese sentiment 反日情绪foreign affiliates外方合伙人，外国附属公司go public 上市二、汉翻英chapter1经济双赢economic win-win关税壁垒tariff barrier收入不平等 wage inequality劳动生产率labor productivity解雇工人lay off works 生产要素factor of production双边协议bilateral deal 回归分析regression analysis市场准入market access 世界经济复苏world economic recoverychapter2价格溢价price premium 基线销售base-line sales减价price reductions广告支出advertising spending营销组合marketing mix 销量溢价quantity premium产品数量（种类）product-line variety美元分配allocation of dollarschapter3日常生活 daily life广告活动advertising campaigns物理特征physical characteristic 视觉想象visual imagination 国内媒体national media 销售增长sales increase销售渠道distribution system 产品到导向型的广告product-orientated advertisingchapter4企业并购mergersand acquisition 海外扩张overseas expansion全球化战略globalization strategy保护主义措施protectionist measures 市场准入access of market知识产权intellectual property right 贸易伙伴trading partners三、完形填空chapter 17.revival 8.emergingchapter 21.blame2.damaged6.arm7.boostschapter 31.sincere2.privileged6.resort7.insteadchapter 41.ambivalent2.integration6.shortage7.options11.craft资本投入capital investment 3.deficit4.budget5.expanding 6.recovery 9.innovation10.property 3.short-term 4.building 5.profiability 8.orientation 9.moreover10.lowering 3.led4.constitutes5.intellectual 8.reduce 9.clients 10.divert3.hindered4.from5.by 8.acquisitions 9.strategy10.alliance【篇二：商务英语口译教学大纲】文摘:商务英语口译王艳答案)程教学大纲一、课程基本信息1.课程名称：商务英语口译课程英文名称：business english interpretation 2．授课专业：外语系3.学时/学分：34学时/2学分4.开课学期：第七学期5.面向对象：本科大四学生二、课程性质与任务课程性质：专业选修课程。

Chapter 11.这一监控体系最终将取代美国政府对古巴雪茄进口的上限。

The monitoring system will finally substitute the U.S. government’s cap on cigar imports from Cuba.2.墨西哥和美国之间的争执不会有任何作用，并可能导致北美自由贸易协定中关税解除的中断。

The quarrel between Mexico and the U.S. will be of no avail and it may disrupt the lifting of the agricultural tariffs under the North American Free Trade Agreement.3.在召开部长级会议之前，将举行一次经济合作商业论坛，重点探讨如何减小全球经济失衡的纠正对中国的冲击。

An economic cooperation business forum, which will discuss how to minimize the negative impact of global economic imbalance adjustment on China, will take place shortly before the ministerial conference.4.只有少数美国人将此问题归咎于这些明显的因素，即美元贬值或经济周期。

Few Americans attribute this to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the business cycle.5.最新的科学研究揭示了这样的事实，即为减少温室气体排放所采取的必要措施会带来沉重的经济和政治本钱。

Recent research has shed light on the fact that there are heavy financial and political costs associated with the measures necessary to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.6.有传言称上个月政府和这家公司的总裁秘密达成一笔交易。

王关富《商务英语阅读（第二版）》参考答案Unit 1Why China WorksExercises1. Answer the questions on the text:1) How does the author view the Chinese economy?It is the most important bright spot in the world economy under the global recession, the only major economy that is likely to show significant growth this year, and the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook. 2) According to the author, why can the Chinese economy perform so well?Because of:(1) the capacity for state control by the Chinese government.(2) its rejection of exotic financial innovations that are the melting core of the global credit crisis.(3) the integration of its economic policies between traditional market tools and state control measures.3) In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward “China’s market economic system”?The United States and Europe are moving toward state control by nationalizing their banking and car industries, and imposing heavy new regulation on the financial industry.4) What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system?Investment is the backbone of sustainable growth in the Chinese economy, which works more effectively than other market based systems in times of economic stress.5) Why can China work in the eye of the author?It has followed a radical pragmatism focusing on a slow but steady shift toward freer markets.6) What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms?They understand even under the serious financial crisis that it can stabilize the Chinese market and economy to introduce more sophisticated forms of securitization, including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products. They also realize that, in the course of doing this, they should learn from the mistakes the westerners have made.7) What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese leaders in their policy execution?They continue to allow the value of yuan to rise despite of the American charges and the need for export competitiveness by their own enterprises.8) What is “shock therapy”?It is the economic policy adopted in Russia from 1991 to 1992 that totally deregulated prices and lead to a runaway inflation. It proved to be all shock and no therapy.9) In what ways does the Chinese economic system work efficiently?It can get things done quickly, move in a coherent manner, and marshal its people and resources to a common target: economic growth and prosperity.11) What are the Internet and public opinion used for?For putting pressure on local officials and influencing policy decisions.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1)At a time when the need is growing for mental health services, many countries are unfortunately cutting back on itsspending.2)There is an increasing number of people out of work. But the western media often unfairly label them as lazy andreliable.3)Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP, the impact of all the spilled oil and natural gas is still beingmeasured.4)Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability to deliver on services and projectsaimed at growing the economy and jobs.5)Housing prices are incredibly high today. But he bought his house for a song about five years ago.6)As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to daily necessities, the government feels rather urgentto hold down inflation rate immediately.7)Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-owned enterprises.8)Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concerns have trickled down to all places,including residential buildings.9)Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays. It is in the last place when it comes to investment formultinational companies.10)Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet. Some chain smokers never think of quitting while many othershave battled in vain to quit.3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A_______________________ B__________________________________1)financial innovation A) A reduction in the general availability of loans (orcredit) or a sudden tightening of the conditionsrequired to obtain a loan from the banks.72)stimulus package B) A non-bank entity or organization such asinvestment companies and mutual funds thatinvests in large quantities. 83)overheating C)A legal entity created by a government to undertakecommercial activities on its behalf. 64)stamp tax D) The trading of a corporation's stock or othersecurities (e.g. bonds or stock options) byindividuals with potential access to non-publicinformation.9E) An industry that requires large amounts of capital, machinery and equipment toproduce goods. 55)capital-intensive sector F) Generation of new and creative approaches tosecurities, money management or investing. 16)state-run firm G) An economy that is expanding so rapidly that toomuch money is chasing too few goods andeconomists fear a rise in inflation . 37)credit crisis H) tax levied on certain legal transactions such as thetransfer of a property such as building, copyright,land, patent, and securities. 48)institutional investor I) A plan or a series of measures taken by agovernment to jump-start its ailing economy,generally as a part of its fiscal policy. 210) insider trading4. Translate the following passage into Chinese.我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。

高级商务英语阅读课文译文第1 课主课文译文新长征“中国制造”这个标记很久以前就不新鲜了，它贴在鞋子上、玩具上、服装上，以及为跨国公司制造的其他商品上，世界各地到处可见。

现在真正新鲜的是以中国品牌出售的中国制造的商品。

目前中国只有为数不多的几家公司拥有足够的财力和管理知识来打造国际名牌；其余的绝大多数公司还在为在国内获得知名度而努力奋斗着。

但是正在海外市场上试水的各大先锋公司，很有可能把事情做大。

一些人认为，在创业精神饱满的本地管理层的协助下，或者在一些想在其产品系列里添加新产品的外国公司的协助下，中国商品在极具竞争力的价格的基础上，若把卖点放在产品质量和异国情调上，那末10 年之内，中国品牌将一个一个地走向全球。

总部在香港的广告公司中国精信（Grey China）的执行董事陈一木丹（Viveca Chan）说：“如果世界上只有一个国家具备创立全球品牌的潜力，那么这个国家就是中国。

”短期之内，中国商品最有希望打入国际市场的当属中草药和特色食品，当然也包括那些体现中国浪漫并具有异国情调的产品，例如化妆品、时装和音乐作品。

中国总部设在上海的泰勒·娜尔森·索福瑞（Taylor Nelson Sofres）市场调研公司的中国区总经理Kevin Tan 说：“与中国相联系的神秘色彩还有许多。

化妆品是种靠形象推销的产品，假如你要做化妆品，你会一下子就发现，中国化妆品来头不小。

”努力走向世界的中国品牌还有一些领导时尚潮头的饮料和啤酒品牌，也包括家用电器等具有品牌潜力的产品，它们都能以竞争性的价格提供高品质的产品。

这些中国品牌中的一部分，最终将会通过合资、兼并和收购的途径走向国际市场。

而对于合资双方中的外国投资者来说，这些品牌则将成为他们更快地进入中国消费市场和销售渠道的载体，同时这些中国品牌也能进一步充实国外投资者在国际市场上已经确立的优质品牌的阵营。

整个20 世纪90 年代，“中国品牌”这个概念一直在发育着，而目前在国内受到的重视更大了。