《现代语言学》自考真题试题与答案解析
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《现代语言学》自考真题试题与答案解析
卷面总分:98分 答题时间:80分钟 试卷题量:49题
一、单选题 (共39题,共78分)
1.A linguistic theory is constructed about what ______ is and how it works.
• ngue
• B.linguist
• nguage
• D.learning
正确答案: C
语言的研究过程可以总结为:首先,要观察某些语言材料,从而发现一些共性并对其加以总结;其次,根据这些总结提出一些假设来解释这些语言材料,然后再通过进一步的观察来验证这些假设的正确性;最后建立一套语言学理论来说明语言的本质内容以及这些语言是如何发挥作用的。
2.We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of
language and individual sounds within that range as ______.
• A.vowels
• B.consonants
• C.sounds • D.speech sounds
正确答案: D
在语言交际中占有一席之地、由人类的发音器官所发出来的声音在数量上是有限的。这些范围有限,但对人类交际活动意义重大、对语言学研究价值不菲的声音就是语言的音响媒介,凡是在这个范 围内的每个单个的声音都叫做语音。
3.The basic unit in the study of morphology is ______.
• A. the internal structure
• B.morpheme
• C.the rules by which words are formed
• D.word
正确答案: B
正如音位是音系学研究中的基本单位一样,词素是形态学研究中的基本单位。
4.The syntactic rules of any language are ______ in number.
• rge
• B.small
• C.finite
• D.infinite
正确答案: C 对于任何一种自然语言,一套句法规则可以产生出无穷多的句子,也就是说,任何语言的句法规则都是有限的,而说话人能够说出和理解的句子的数量是无限的。
5.Bloomfield drew on ______ psychology when trying to define the
meaning of linguistic forms.
• A.contextual
• B.conceptualist
• C.behaviorist
• D.naming
正确答案: C
布龙菲尔德在试图定义词汇意义时采用了行为主义心理学观点。
6.______ of a sentence depends on the context in which the sentence is
uttered.
• A.Sentence meaning
• B.Utterance meaning
• C.The reference
• D.The meaning
正确答案: B 话语意义基于句子意义,是句子意义在特定交际情景或者语境中的具体体现。也就是说,句子的话语意义依靠的是说该句子的语境或情景。
7.Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, etc, originate from
______.
• A.Middle English
• B.Old English
• C.French
• D.Norman French
正确答案: B
古英语可以追溯到公元 5
世纪中叶,当时说英语的盎格鲁一撒克逊人从北欧入侵了不列颠群岛。英语中绝大多数基本单词均来自古英语,比如
man, woman, Child, house
等。
8.______ moves on a scale of the national language, dialects, and
individual ways of communication.
• nguage change
• B.Speech variety
• C.Speech variation
• D.Speech change
正确答案: C 言语的变异总是以国语、方言以及不同的个体交际语言等形式来进行。从社会语言学的角度来看,一种言语变体无非是一种语言的方言变体而已。
9.Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of ten
billion nerve cells called ______.
• A.nerve fibers
• B.nerves
• C.neurons
• D.cerebral cortex
正确答案: C
人的大脑位于头盖骨之下,平均包括 100亿个被称为神经元的神经细胞。每个神经元至少和一千到一万个其他的神经元相联系。这些神经参与着数不胜数的微电路性质的活动。这些活动使得感知、思维、交流及其他类型的智力活动成为可能。
10.By "language acquisition is primarily the acquistion of the
grammatical system of language", linguists mean that ______.
• A.every specific rule allowed by the grammatical system of a language
must be acquired
• B.the phonological rules must be acquired
• C.the syntactic rules must be acquired • D.the general principles that are fundamental to the grammaticality of
speech must be acquired
正确答案: D
当我们说语言的习得基本上是语言的语法系统习得的时候,我们并不是说语言的语法系统内的每一个具体的规则都需要习得。实际上,儿童习得的是使言语合乎语法规范所必需的一些具有普遍意义的规则。我们注意到,在生成话语时,儿童倾向使用普遍的语法规则,而排斥个别的不规则的情况。
11.I was writing a report last night; ________ I would not have stayed up
late.
• A. however
• B.otherwise
• C.therefore
• D.furthermore
正确答案: B
我昨天晚上写一个报告,否则我就不会熬夜了。考查副词词义选择题。 A 然而,不过
B
否则,要不然 C 因此,所以 D 再者,而且
12.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in
the school.
• A.which • B.that
• C.whom
• D.what
正确答案: B
things 和 persons 是先行词 .当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人 ,
又表示物的名词时 , 其关系代词要用 that
13.Country life is better than city life ________ it offers fresh air and
noiseless environment
• A. in that
• B.as that
• C.as for
• D.in which
正确答案: A
A 在于,原因是,在…方面 C. 关于,至于应用举例:
I like the country better in that
it is closer to nature. 我更喜欢乡村,因为它更接近自然。
14.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______
with each other.
• A.they had quarreled • B.they have quarreled
• C.have they quarreled
• D.had they quarreled
正确答案: C
本题考查的是倒装结构的用法。第二分句中因有否定副词 never
提前,故应用倒装结构;第一分句中的 have been married 已限定了时态,据此可排除 D 项。
15._______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international
language.
• A. There
• B.This
• C.That
• D.It
正确答案: D
为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词 it
作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是 that 引导的主语从句往往用先行词 it
作形式主语。此句也可以改写为: That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
16.