2020年高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题3 类型7 文化教育 Word版含解析
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类型7| 文化教育
考查要点
方法技巧
1.文章的主题。
2．所述文化教育的发展、特点、功能。
3．不同文化教育间的异同、优点及缺点。
4．价值观、道德观、风俗习惯的形成。 1.抓住文章的内在逻辑关系，理清脉络。
2．定位关键信息词、主题句，明确主旨。
3．重点关注所述对象的特征，并进行归纳概括。
(2016·天津高考·C)
When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had
him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But
when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had
more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all, he was
happier.Far happier.
These are the findings of a 40－year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage
boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed
happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the
home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were
worthwhile members of society，”said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家)
who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves, others felt
good about them.”
Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at
ages 25, 31 and 47.Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental－health scores with their boyhood－activity scores.Points were awarded for part－time
jobs, housework, effort in school，and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as
adults was surprisingly sharp．Those who had done the most boyhood activities were
twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as
likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The
researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real
difference in how the boys turned out.
Working—at any age—is important.Childhood activities help a child develop
responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础)
of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and
work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to
do this.Yet work isn't everything.As Tolstoy once said，“One can live magnificently in
this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one
loves and to love one's work.”
46．What do we know about John?
A．He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B．He had few childhood playmates.
C．He received little love from his family.
D．He was envied by others in his childhood.
47．Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as ________．
A．a description of personal values and social values
B．an analysis of how work was related to competence
C．an example for parents' expectations of their children
D．an explanation why some boys grew into happy men
48．Vaillant's team obtained their findings by ________．
A．recording the boys' effort in school
B．evaluating the men's mental health
C．comparing different sets of scores
D．measuring the men's problem solving ability
49．What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Quick to react. B．Having a thin edge.
C．Clear and definite. D．Sudden and rapid.
50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Competent adults know more about love than work.
B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D．Independence is the key to one's success.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。约翰小时候父母会让他干一些力所能及的活儿，长大后他成了一个更快乐的人。由此可以看出：童年的劳动是非常重要的。它可以培养孩子的责任感、独立性、自信心以及解决问题的能力。这是精神健康的基础，与其精彩的成年生活息息相关。
长难句解读：“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence
and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant，the psychologist who made the discovery.
分析：引号内的句子为复合句。Boys之后为who引导的定语从句修饰Boys，而they were worthwhile members of society为宾语从句，作feel的宾语。引号外who made the discovery为定语从句修饰the psychologist。
翻译：做出这个发现的心理学家George Vaillant说：“在家中或社区劳动的男孩能够获得能力并且感受到他们是有价值的社会成员。”
46．A [细节理解题。根据文章第一段信息“He had more job satisfaction，a
better marriage and was healthier.”可知，约翰对自己的工作和婚姻很满意，故选A项。]
47．D [推理判断题。第二段中，Vaillant通过40年的研究得出结论：那些小时候在家里或者社区里劳动的男孩获得了能力，感到自己对社会有价值。正因为他们自我感觉好，所以别人也觉得他们好。由此可知，这些话解释了一些男孩成年后更快乐的原因，故选D项。]
48．C [细节理解题。根据文章第三段信息“Under Vaillant，the researchers
compared the men's mental－health scores with their boyhood－activity scores.”可知，Vaillant的团队是通过比较一些分数来得出结论的，故选C项。]
49．C [词义猜测题。根据文章第四段信息twice as likely to ...，five times as
likely to ...and 16 times less likely to ...可知，人们童年的行为和成年后的状况之间的联系明显得让人吃惊。sharp此处意为clear and definite(清楚和确定的)，故选C项。]
50．B [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，童年的劳动能够帮助一个孩子培养责任感、独立性、自信心和能力，这些都是一个人精神健康的基础，emotional health是本段的主题，故选B项。]
A
(2016·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安第三次调研)
A report released this month found that grouping children by ability is on the rise
