现代大学英语口语2第二版答案第一单元

参考答案（Unit 1—8）Unit OneKey to ExercisePreview:1 True or false1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6F 7T 8T 9T 10TVocabulary4. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets 1. differ 2. differently, different 3. difference4. serious, serious, seriously5. seriousness, seriously polluted6. Fortunately/ Luckily, pollution, seriously, pollute7. attention 8. attentively, attentive3 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases and expressions.4 Translate the following sentences using words and expressions taken from the text.1. 他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。

They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company.2. 虽然我们面前仍有困难，但我肯定我们中国人有智慧靠自己实现国家的和平统一。

Although there are still difficulties ahead of us, I am sure that we Chinese people will have the wisdom to bring abou t the peaceful unification of our country on our own.3. 只强调国内生产总值是错误的，它会引起很多严重问题。

Unit 1 SportsPart AListening StrategyIdentifying NumbersNumbers appear very often in every kind of listening material. The ability to catch the exact numbers spoken in English is an important but difficult skill for a Chinese learner. A good way is to practice over and over again the pronunciation of the numbers, particularly the different ways to say thirteen and thirty, fourteen and forty, etc. It also helps to practice writing down the numbers you hear quickly in numerical forms, without translating them into Chinese.You’re going to hear a passage about Michael Jordan, a retired American professional basketball player. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the missing numbers.Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time. He was born on Feb. 1) 17, 2) 1963, in Brooklyn, New York. He is 3) 1.98 meters tall and weighs 4) 216 pounds. Jordan joined the Chicago Bulls team for the 5) 1984 season. In the 6) 1986 season he shot 7) 3041 points, the 8) third highest score ever. He was named NBA Slam Dunk Champion (扣篮冠军) in 9) 1987 and won the Most Valuable Player Award in 10) 1988, an honor repeated 11) four times in the next 12) ten years to 13) 1998. Jordan guided his team to win 14) six NBA championships during the 15) 1990s, scoring 16) 45 points during the 17) sixth and last game of the 18) 1998 NBA finals. In 19) 1999, he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century.Jordan left the NBA at the beginning of the 1993-1994 NBA season to pursue a career in baseball. Since his baseball game wasn’t quite as good as his basketball games, he finally gave it up to rejoin the Bulls in 1995. Yet, after playing for 20) five more years, he once again announced his retirement in 21) 1999. But he returned for two more NBA games in 22) 2001 as a member of the Washington Wizards.Part BPre-listening TaskQuestions for DiscussionYou are going to talk about sports. Read the following questions and discuss them with your partner.1. Do you like sports? What is your favorite sport?2. What sports do most young people go in for?3. What sports are suitable for old people?4. Do you like jogging? Why or why not?5. Why do people need to play sports?Demo:2. What sports do most young people go in for?Well, people in different parts of the world may prefer different kinds of sports. For example, many Chinese people play ping-pong or table tennis, and it is considered to be our national sport. Chinese ping-pong players have won numerous championships in world competitions, which boosts the enthusiasm for the game among young people in China. However,in North America, many young people lik e play ing American football and basketball. Almost every teenager has his or her own idol in these games. For example, Michael Jordan has a lot of fans in theAdditional Question for DiscussionWhat do you know about the Olympic Games?Demo:The Olympic Games are one of the most important international events in the world today. The modern Olympic Games are named for athletic contests held in ancient Greece for almost 12 centuries. They were banned in AD 394 but were reviv ed and made international in 1896. The Winter Games were added in 1924. World War I and World War II forced cancellation of the Olympics in 1916, 1940, and 1944, but they resumed in 1948 and are held every four years. After 1992 the Winter and Summer Games were no longer held within the same calendar year. Winter Games were scheduled for 1994, after only a two-year interval, and every four years thereafter. The Summer Games were scheduled for 1996, and every four years thereafter. Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympics.Language FocusHere are some sentences and structures that you might find useful in discussing the above questions.●I like sports a lot / very much.●I enjoy / am keen on / am fond of playing sports.●I like swimming / jogging / fishing / tennis, etc.●My favorite sport is basketball / volleyball / football, etc.●Young pe ople go in for such sports as running / playing basketball / tennis / football, etc.●Jogging / Walking / Fishing is good for ol d people.●Jogging is considered a healthy sport for both the young and the old / people of all ages.●Many people begin jogging because they believe it is a very good form of exercise / can make their heartsstronger / can help them lose weight.●Jogging against the cold wind is also a test of one’s will power.●Playing sports can help us to relax.●Sitting in a chair all day has made me very lazy.●I can get my figure back if I play a sport.●I can make new friends when I play sports.●People play sports because they want to keep fit / live an active life.●Playing a sport we like is an essential part of our life.Listening TasksWhy Don’t You Join Me at the Gym Sometime?Word Bankgym n. a special hall or room with equipment for doing physical exercise 体育馆head v. to go to 到……去cycle v. to ride a bicycle 骑自行车stay in shape to keep a good figure 保持体形work out to exercise to improve physical fitness 进行健身锻炼guest pass a card or permit giving authorization for the holder’s friend (a guest) to enter or have access to a place 贵宾卡Script:Peter: Hi Laura. Where are you heading with that big bag?Laura: Hi, Peter. I’m off to the gym. I’ve got to stay in shape, you know. I try to go three times a week, but I’m busy so I can’t always make it.Peter: I know more women who work out than men. What’s the main reason you work out? For your health, or to look good?Laura: To be honest, for both. With women, good looks are always a very important consideration.Peter: If they were honest, most men who work out would admit that they also do it to look better, and not merely for health reasons.Laura: How about you? Do you get any regular exercise?Peter: I do a lot of walking, for exercise and enjoyment — sometimes ten to twenty kilometers at a time — but I never go to the gym like you do.Laura: Well, walking is good exercise. How about sports?Peter: Not since my school days. I used to love playing baseball, but it’s impossible to get enough people together for a game now. Mostly I just watch sports on TV.Laura: I play tennis fairly regularly with my friends, and sometimes go swimming and cycling by myself.Peter: Oh, I forgot about that. I go cycling sometimes too. And I often go swimming on vacation, but only recreational swimming.Laura: Why don’t you join me at the gym sometime? I can get you a guest pass.Peter: Well, maybe someday, but I’m pretty lazy about things like that.Language and Culture Notes1.Background informationNowadays many people work in offices, spending most of their time indoors. In the evening they usually sit watching TV or reading newspapers. Their daily activities do not provide them with the exercise needed to keep them fit and healthy. Therefore, many of them devote part of their spare time to doing regular physical exercises and playing some sports. Some people go to the gym for a workout three times a week in the evening. The exercises they do there can help them stay in shape and feel relaxed.2. I’m off to the gym.I’m going to the gym.3. I can’t always make itS ometimes I can’t go to the gym for exercise (probably because I have no time).4. recreational swimmingswimming for exercise rather than for competition5. guest passYou need to pay for a membership pass to go and work out in a gym. But sometimes the gym will allow you to invite a friend to go with you. A free guest pass will be issued for your friend.Exercise 1Listen to the conversation and choose the right answers to the questions.1. What do you know about Peter?a. He is an active sportsm an.b. He is a keen cyclist.c. He enjoys playing baseball.d. He exercises regularly.2. Where might the two speakers be having this conversation?a. In Peter’s home.b. In the street.c. In the gym.d. On their way to the gym.Exercise 2Listen again and write down answers to the following questions.1. Why is Laura so keen on sports?Because she wants to enjoy good health. She also wants to stay in shape and look good.2. What sports do Peter and Laura go in for?Both Peter and Laura like cycling and swimming. Laura also plays tennis regularly. Speaking TasksListen to the following conversations and repeat after the recording. Then role-play them with your partner. Conversation 1A: What’s your plan for this evening?B: Well, there’s a good game at the stadium but I haven’t got a ticket yet.A: I’m going to the gym. Would you like to come along? I can get a guest pass for you.B: That’s wonderful. I’d always wanted to work out in the new gym. Thank you very much.Conversation 2A: Hi, Xiao Wang. Fancy meeting you here! How are you doing?B: Can’t complain. I’m busy with my experiments in the lab. But after work I often play some sports.A: Like what?B: Like swimming, running and sometimes tennis.A: Tennis? That’s my favorite game. Say, what’re you doing this weekend?B: Nothing particular. I guess I’ll probably just work in the lab.A: Come on. You need to relax. What about a game of tennis?B: OK.Conversation 3A: Are you doing anything special tomorrow, Bob?B: Not really. Why do you ask?A: Some of us are going motorcycling. Would you like to join us?B: Motorcycling? I’ve never done that. Isn’t it a bit dangerous?A: Maybe, but it’s really exciting.B: I enj oy jogging. It’s more relaxing.A: That’s a good form of exercise. It can help you stay in shape.B: Yes, it’s also safer.ExerciseNow make similar conversations according to the given situations. Use the structures and expressions above in your conversations where appropriate.1. Ask your friend about his/her plans for the weekend. Then suggest playing a certain kind of sport.2. Ask your partner whether he/she intends to go to the basketball game in the city stadium. Say that you’ve got an extra ticket.Part CTest Your ListeningShort ConversationsYou’re going to hear five short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. a. Basketball. b. Volleyball.c. Table tennis.d. Tennis.2. a. Boxing is one of his favorite sports.b. Boxing is the only kind of sport he likes.c. He doesn’t like boxing at all.d. He doesn’t like boxing very much.3. a. He finds it too long.b. He thinks it could be more exciting.c. He doesn’t like it at all.d. He likes it, but not very much.4. a. He doesn’t know how to play chess.b. He doesn’t like playing chess very much.c. He can’t play chess well.d. He’s a good chess player.5. a. He was a good football player in high school.b. He kept track of the football players and games when he was in high school.c. He shows no interest in football now.d. He’s busy playing golf as well as football now.Script:1. W: I like playing basketball, volleyball and table tennis. What about you?M: Well, tennis is my favorite sport.Q: Which sport does the man like?2. W: You don’t like boxing very much, do you?M: It’s far from being my kind of sport.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: I think yesterday’s football game was quite exciting. What about you, John?M: You said it. But it was a bit long.Q: What does the man think about the football game?4. W: Do you like to play chess?M: I like the game, but I don’t play it often enough. I’m afraid I’m not a very good chess player.Q: What does the man mean?5. M: I knew the names of all the football players and the dates of all the games in my high school days. But recentlyI have failed to keep up with football.W: Now you’re busy with your gol f games.Q: What do you know about the man from the conversation?Unit 2 Food and DrinksPart AListening StrategyListening “Between the Lines”People do not always say directly what they mean. Very often, we have to listen “between the lines”. The English language offers many ways for pe ople to imply, rather than directly state, their meaning. To find out what a speaker really means, we can rely on such things as the context, the meaning of an idiom, and the intonation used. For example, if someone says “I have an essay to write” in answer to an invitation to go somew here, we can infer from the context that he cannot accept the invitation. And if someone says “Andrew passed with flying colors” in reply to an inquiry about how Andrew did on a test, we can infer from the meaning of the idiom “to pass with flying colors” that Andrew did very well on the test. Often, intonation also helps to reveal the real meaning of a message. For example, “He is very clever” said with an ironic tone means just the opposite.You are going to hear eight short conversations between two speakers. Listen carefully and write down “Yes” or “No” to each of the following questions.1. Q: Does the woman enjoy the food in that restaurant? Yes2. Q: Is the man satisfied with the restaurant’s service? No3. Q: Do the children like the cake? Yes4. Q: Does the man like chicken best? No5. Q: Does the woman like the wine? Yes6. Q: Does John want a soda? No7. Q: Does the man like the fish? No8. Q: Will Sue eat out with the m an tonight? NoScript:1. M: Have you ever been to that big restaurant opposite the school gate?W: Yes, many times. Whenever my friends come to visit me, I’ll take them there to eat.2. W: Is there something wrong, sir?M: My wife and I have been kept waiting for nearly an hour for our meal.3. W: Where is the cake I made this morning?M: We ate it, mom. Can you make another one for us?4. W: I hear you like chicken very much.M: Next to beef.5. M: Have you tried this wine before?W: No, never. It’s my first time, but it’s really to my taste.6. M: John, do you want a soda?W: Soda? I think it tastes like medicine.7. W: Why, the fish is left almost untouched.M: Well, it would be good if it were less salty.8. M: Hi, Sue, would you like to eat out tonight?W: Oh, I’d really like to, but m y sister may come to visit me this evening.Part BPre-listening TaskQuestions for DiscussionYou are going to talk about food and drinks. Read the following questions and discuss them with your partner.1. Where do you usually have your meals? What do you think of the food there?2. What do you usually have for breakfast, lunch and supper?3. Do you sometimes eat out? What kind of place do you like to go to?4. What is your favorite food / dish / drink?5. How do you like health food?Demo:4. What is your favorite food? (Why do you like it?)I am not picky about food and it is hard for me to decide which food I like most. Meat, bread, vegetables, fruit, fish …, I like them all. It can be said that my favorites change with the season. For example, in spring, my favorite food includes vegetables and fruit. I like them because they are tasty, nutritious and easy to digest.Additional Question for DiscussionAre there any differences or similarities between Chinese table manners and Western table manners?Demo:Chinese table manners are different from Western table m anners in several aspects. One example is that, to show kindness and hospitality (好客), many Chinese would put food with their own chopsticks (筷子) onto their guests’ bowls or plates ev en though the guests indicate they do not want the food or so much of it. However, very few Westerners would do this. They would ask their guests to help themselves to the food they like.Language FocusHere are some sentences and structures that you might find useful in discussing the above questions.●I usually have meals at the school canteen. The food there is not expensive / good / delicious / not bad.●There is always a variety of things to choose from / little choice.●I sometimes eat out at a fast food restaurant / snack bar for a change.●Hamburgers and French fries are my favorites.●I don’t like fast food. It’s junk food and has little body-building nutrition.●I like fast food a lot. I know it’s not very nutritious but it tastes good.●I prefer health food, which is rich in vitamins and minerals and low in calories.●I’d prefer to go to a restaurant where the food is good, even though it costs more.●I like / fancy / crave for / can’t stand / hate hot and spicy food / sweet and sour dishes．●This dish is delicious / tasteless / too salty / awful.●For breakfast, I usually have meat stuffed buns (肉包) and soybean milk (豆奶) / milk and two slices ofwhole-wheat bread / porridge and pancakes / instant noodles.●For lunch, I have rice with one meat dish and one vegetable dish or vegetable soup.●I occasionally have dumplings / noodles / fried rice for lunch / supper.●I’m a vegetarian (素食者) and I like many kinds of vegetables, especially greens and mushrooms.Listening TasksWhat about Dining Out?Word Bankheavy a. (of food) rather solid and difficult to digest 难以消化的skip v. to intentionally miss 故意略去；有意不去sushi n. a Japanese dish consisting of small balls or rolls of vinegar-flavored cold rice served with a garnish of vegetables, egg, or raw seafood 寿司（做成丸状或卷状的冷米饭，拌有醋，常配以蔬菜、鸡蛋、生海鲜等菜肴）Script:Peter: Hi, Kate.Kate: Hi, Peter. How have you been?Peter: Oh, OK, I guess. And you?Kate: Not too bad. We haven’t seen each other for a while, have we?Peter: No, we haven’t. So that makes me ask. Do you have any plan for this Saturday?Kate: No, not yet, I don’t think so. Why?Peter: What do you think about getting together and going out to dinner this weekend?Kate: That would be great. Do you have any particular place in mind?Peter: Well, I think I’d like to eat something that’s not too heavy. I’ve been eating a little too much lately. Kate: Me too.Peter: I love Italian food, but maybe we should skip that this time. They alwa ys seem to serve so much food in Italian restaurants, and you end up eating more than you wanted to.Kate: Chinese food would be good.Peter: Yes, or maybe some Japanese sushi. That style uses a lot of natural flavors, and not much oil or cream or heavy sauces.Kate: Yes, either of those choices would be good. Let’s just meet on Saturday night, and decide then where to eat.Peter: That’s fine by me.Language and Culture Notes1. Background informationIn large cities such as New York and London, you can always find different styles of cuisine. And you have a variety of choices as to what to eat, from French food, Italian food, Chinese food, Japanese food, and Mexican food, to Malaysian or Thai food. Italian cuisine uses a lot of tomato sauce, cheese, and cream, and its food is more on the heavy side. Pizza and pasta (for example, spaghetti and macaroni) are popular with diners. Our own Chinese cuisine is noted for its combination of color, flavor and smell, and Sichuan-style spicy food and Chinese snacks are much favored by foreigners for their delicious taste. Japanese cuisine lays great emphasis on artistic presentation of its dishes. Compared to Italian and Chinese cuisine, the Japanese style of cooking is probably lighter. It uses a lot of raw food, especially raw fish, all kinds of seafood, and soy sauce with less oil and fat.2. for a whilefor quite some time3. Do you have any particular place in mind?Do you want to go to any particular restaurant to eat? “Do you have any pa rticular … in mind?” can be used for various situations. For example, “Do you have any particular place / movie / idea / plan / book, etc. in mind?”4. natural flavorsthe original tastes of food, without being altered by sauces or seasonings5. That’s fine by me.This is an informal way to show agreement to some suggestion, meaning “I like that” or “I have no objection to that”.Exercise 1Listen to the conversation and complete the following sentences.1. Peter and Kate haven’t seen each other for a while.2. Kate doesn’t have any plans for this Saturday.3. Peter suggests to Kate that they have dinner together during the weekend.4. Peter loves Italian food, but he thinks they serve too much food in Italian restaurants.5. Both Peter and Kate like Chinese food and Japanese food.Exercise 2Listen to the conversation again and write down answers to the following questions.1. What does Peter say about Japanese food?It uses natural flavors, not much oil or cream or heavy sauces.2. When and where will Peter and Kate have dinner together?They will have dinner on Saturday either at a Chinese or a Japanese restaurant.Speaking TasksListen to the following conversations and repeat after the recording. Then role-play them with your partner. Conversation 1(At the school canteen)A: What a crowd!B: This is the worst time. The morning classes are just over. Everybody is hungry and rushes here to have lunch. A: That’s true. I’m starving and I can’t wait. I’d rather not stand in a long line.B: Why don’t we have some fried noodles?A: Noodles are sold at No. 2 Box. No queue there, you see.B: That’s great.(At No. 2 Box)Counter hand: What can I get you?A: One plate of fried noodles, please.B: Make it two.Counter hand: OK. Two plates of fried noodles. Anything else?A: How much is the tomato soup?Counter hand: It’s free. It goes with the noodles.A: I see. (To B) Do you want any soup?B: Yes.A: (To Counter hand) Two bowls of soup, please.Conversation 2(At a fast food restaurant)Counter hand: What can I do for you?Customer: I’ll have one order of chicken nuggets and a chicken sandwich.Counter hand: Anything to drink?Customer: A small Sprite. No ice, please.Counter hand: Okay. For here or to go?Customer: For here.Conversation 3(At a Chinese restaurant)Waitress: Are you ready to order?A: Do you have any recommendations?Waitress: Yes. The Sichuan-style crispy whole fish is very good. It’s today’s special.A: Mary, would you like to try that? I hear it’s very g ood.B: Why not? And I’d like shrimp in black bean sauce, too. It’s my favorite.Waitress: Okay. Anything else?A: What about some vegetables, Mary?B: Yes. How about spinach?A: Spinach is fine with me.Waitress: Anything to drink?A: Yes. I’d like one Bud Light, please. What’ll you have, Mary?B: Orange juice, please.Waitress: One Bud Light and one orange juice. Is that right?A: Right.ExerciseNow make similar conversations according to the given situations. Use the structures and expressions above in your conversations where appropriate.1. It is noontime. You are at the school canteen. Practice buying and selling a meal at the canteen with your partner.2. You and your friend are at a Chinese restaurant / an American fast food restaurant. Practice ordering / getting a meal. One will be the waiter / waitress and the other the customer.Part CTest Your ListeningA ConversationListen to the conversation and choose the right answers to the questions.1. What is the relationship between the two speakers?a. Classmates.b. Co-workers.c. Waiter and diner.d. Strangers.2. Where does the conversation take place?a. At McDonald’s.b. At Kentucky Fried Chicken.c. At an Italian restaurant.d. At Pizza Hut.3. What will they order?a. Pizza, salad and iced water.b. Soup, hamburger and coffee.c. Sandwich, spaghetti and red wine.d. Spaghetti, salad, coffee, Coke and iced water.Script:A: Well, here we are, not too crowded.B: Great! Let’s order quickly so we can chat a little.A: OK. What are you in the mood for?B: Something light. I had a huge breakfast and I’m still full.A: There are three salads. Or you could have soup and a sandwich.B: What are you having? A hamburger, I suppose.A: No, actually I ate out last night. We had pizza at Pizza Hut, then a late snack at Kentucky Fried Chicken.B: Oh, dear. Well, maybe you should have a salad.A: Yes, I think so. Look, the daily special is spaghetti. That sounds good.B: Oh, the prices are great too. I’ll hav e that as w ell.A: Now let’s decide on drinks.B: I’ll just have coffee and a glass of iced water.A: Italian food needs red wine, you know.B: But we have to go back to work.A: OK, a Coke for me then.B: Here comes the waitress. Let me order first.Unit 3 WeatherPart AListening StrategyListening for Important DetailsBesides understanding the main idea of a listening text, we often find it necessary to grasp the important details as well. What counts as important details depends on the kind of information we want. Generally speaking, if we are listening to the narration of an event, we need to sharpen our ears not only for what happened, but also when and where, how and why it happened. In listening to a weather report, on the other hand, the important details we should watch out for are the current weather conditions, temperature, and weather outlook.You’re going to hear two short passages about weather. While listening, pay attention to such details as the weather conditions, temperature, weather outlook, damage caused by bad weather and so on, and write them down in note form. Then complete the exercises in your book.1. a. General weather conditions for today:Fine and pleasant.b. Temperature:High: 18 °C (64 °F)c. Weather outlook:Mostly cloudy with heavy showers moving in from the west.2. a. When did the storm start and how long did it last?It started around 8 p.m. and lasted for about three hours.b. How damaging was the storm?It caused four deaths and serious damage including a widespread power failure.Script:1. The weather today: a fine day is in store nearly ev erywhere, with the best of the sunshine in southern and central areas of Britain. A pleasant day, then, with long sunny periods developing. There will be li ght winds with a maximum temperature of 18 degrees Celsius, 64 degrees Fahrenheit.Look at the outlook for the next few days: it will become mostly cloudy with heavy showers moving in from the west.2. A storm in Changchun, capital of Northeast China’s Jilin Province, claimed four lives on Sunday. The storm lasted about three hours from around 8 p.m. The winds reached speeds of over a hundred miles an hour, causing serious damage and a widespread power failure.Part BPre-listening TaskQuestions for DiscussionYou are going to talk about weather and weather forecasts. Read the following questions and discuss them with your partner.1. What’s the weather like now?2. What’s the weather forecast for today?3. How do you get weather information?4. What kind of climate do you like or dislike?5. Which season do you like best? Why?Demo:4. What kind of climate do you like or dislike?I like the clim ate of Shenyang City in the northern part of China. In spring it’s neither too hot nor too cold, with the temperature between 40-50 degrees Fahrenheit. The summer there is cool and pleasant. In the fall the leav es change colors with the temperature around 60-70 degrees Fahrenheit. Perhaps the winter there is the best time, for the scenery is gorgeous. The snow is like powder covering the ground everywhere and that makes it an amazing place for skiing and snowboarding.Additional Question for DiscussionDo you think it is possible or impossible to give accurate weather forecasts?Demo:I think it is too much to ask for accurate weather forecasts at present. There are still quite a few things about the weather that we just don’t understand. We have to further develop meteorological (气象的) science and related technologies. There is a long way to go before we can hope to have very accurate weather forecasts.Language FocusHere are some sentences and structures that you might find useful in discussing the above questions.。

《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及答案U n i t1《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及答案Unit 1Unit 1Task 1【答案】A.1) She wanted to see St. Paul’s Cathedral.2) She was so surprised because she saw so many Englishmen who looked alike.3) They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats, carrying umbrellas and newspapers.4) Because she had often read about them and seen photographs of them, who all looked as if they were wearing a uniform.5) No, he didn’t.6) He used the English saying “It takes all kinds to make a world” to prove his opinion.B.If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea it would be! And if all the trees were one tree, what a great tree it would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash there would be!【原文】Yesterday morning Gretel went to the City of London. She wanted to see St. Paul's Cathedral. She was surprised to see so many Englishmen who looked alike. They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats. They were all carrying umbrellas and newspapers. When she returned home she asked Mr clark about these strange creatures. "They must be typical English gentlemen," she said." I have often read about them and seen photographs of them. They all look as if they are wearing a uniform. Does the typical English gentleman still exist?"Mr. Clark laughed. "I've never thought about it," he answered." It's true that many of the men who work in the City of London still wear bowler hate and I suppose they are typical Englishmen. But look at this." Mr. Clark picked up a magazine and pointed at a photo of a young man. "He's just as typical, perhaps. It seems as if there is no such thing as a 'typical' Englishman. Do you know the English saying 'It takes all kinds to make a world'? That's true of all countries-including England."“Oh, just like the poem ‘If All the Seas Were One Sea’,” Gretel began to hum happily. If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea that would be! If all the trees were one tree, what a great tree that would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash that wo uld be!”Task 2【答案】A.1) people were much busier2) colder than England; minus thirty degrees; last longer3) much more mountainous; much higher and much more rocky; more beautiful4) tend to be more crowded5) the houses; smallerB.1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) F【原文】John is British but has worked in Japan. Etsuko is Japanese from Osaka, but she is studying in Britain. In the following passage you are going to hear, they are comparing life as they see it in the two countries. But before listening to it, think of the two countries and try to answer the following pre-listening questions.John: I found that living in Japan, people were busier. They seem to work the whole day.Etsuko: Yes, that’s right. We work from Monday through Saturday, even in summer. You know, summer in Japan is just horrible. It’s very, very humid and hot, and you need to shower three times a day.John: So you find it cooler in England?Etsuko: Yes, that’s right.John: Where I was living in Japan, in the North, it was much colder than England, especially in winter, minus thirty degrees centigrade. Does the winter in Osaka last longer than the winter in England?Etsuko: No, I don’t think so. December, January, February, March.John: Yes. It’s a little bit shorter if anything.Etsuko: Ever since I came here, I noticed that the countryside here in England is very beautiful.John: It’s much flatter than in Japan.Etsuko: Yes. Japan is a mountainous country and our cities are full of people. There are lots of people in a limited flat area.John: Yes, I found Japan much more mountainous than Britain, especially in the north. The mountains are much higher and much more rocky. I found it more beautiful than Britain, I think.Etsuko: Yes, if you like mountains.John: And therefore the towns and villages tend to be more crowded.Etsuko: Yes, that’s right.John: Yes. So because the cities are more crowded, the houses tend to be smaller, don’t they?Etsuko: Yes, they are very compact, and we don’t hav e a lot of space. In big cities we have a lot of taller buildings now.John: Is this a problem because there are more earthquakes in Japan?Etsuko: Yes, that’s right and…Task 3【答案】A.1) In the US, people usually dance just to enjoy themselves; they don’t invite other people to watch them.2)Usually eight people dance together.3)Because people form a square in dancing with a man and a woman on each side ofthe square.4) He usually makes it into a song.5) They wear old-fashioned clothes.B.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) TC.1) eight people form a square; on each side of the square2) what they should do; makes it into a song; sings it3) don’t have much time to think4) old-fashioned clothes【原文】Rosa: Why don’t you have folk dances in the United States? Most countries have special dances that the people have done for many years. The dancers wearclothes from the old days. Everyone likes to watch them dance.Steve: We have folk dances, too. A lot of people belong to folk dancing groups. But when they dance, they usually do it just to enjoy themselves. The y don’tinvite other people to watch them.Rosa: Is there a folk dancing group here?Steve: I think so. There must be. There’s one in almost every city, and some big cities have several.Rosa: What are the dances like?Steve: Usually eight people dance together, four men and four women. When they start, they form a square, with a man and a woman on each side of thesquare. That’s why it’s called square dancing.Then there’s a man who tellsthe dancers what they should do. He usually makes it into a song. He singsit while they dance.Rosa: Oh, that should make the dances easy!Steve: Yes, but they are very fast. They don’t have much time to think. I like to watch them, though. The dancers wear old-fashioned clothes. That makesthe dances pretty to watch.Rosa: I’d like to watch a group dance.Steve: I’ll take you sometime.Task 4【答案】1) It was a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring.2) They burned the picture of their kitchen god to bring good luck.3) The custom said the brides must wear “something old, something new, somethingborrowed, and something blue” to bring good luck.4)Because they could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so they triedto use up these things before Lent began.5)It was a straw man made by children in Czech; it was a figure of death.6)People brought their animals to church. And before the animals went into thechurch people dressed them up in flowers and ribbons.【原文】1) On the evening of February 3rd, people in Japanese families took one dried bean for each year of their age and threw the beans on the floor, shouting "Good luck in! Evil spirits out!" This was known as "Setsubun", a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring.2) Before the Chinese Lunar New Year in the old days, many Chinese families burned the picture of their kitchen god to bring good luck. When Lunar New Year's Day came, they put ancw picture of the kitchen god on the wall.3) When American women got married, they sometimes followed an old custom in choosing what to wear on their wedding day. The custom said the bride must wear "something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue". This was to bring good luck.4) Before Lent (a time on the Christian calendar), the people of Ponti, Italy ate an omelet made with 1,000 eggs. People could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so they tried to use up these things before Lent began.5) When winter ended in Czech, the children made a straw man called "Smrt", which was a figure of death. They burned it or threw it in the river. After they destroyed it, they carried flowers home to show the arrival of spring.6) January 17th was St. Anthony's Day in Mexico. It was a day when people brought their animals to church. But before the animals went into the church, the people dressed them up in flowers and ribbons. This ceremony was to protect people's animals.Task 5【答案】A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) T【原文】Man: Well, I think life used to be much more fun than it is now. I mean, look at the Victorians. They had lots of servants to do all the work; they never had to doany cooking or cleaning; they just wore those beautiful dresses and went totea parties.Woman: You must be joking! Their clothes were terribly uncomfortable and their tea parties were very formal and boring. They used to wear their hats and longgloves even when they were eating cakes and biscuits. And men were notusually invited.Man: Really? Weren't they?Woman: And think of the poor servants. What a terrible life — just cleaning and cooking for other people all the time!Man: But you hate housework!Woman: Yes, I know, but there are lots of machines now to help you with the housework. People don't need servants.Man: Maybe they don't, but life then was much slower than it is now-people nowadays are always rushing, and they never have time to stop and enjoythemselves.Woman: Life then was fine for the rich, but it was dreadful for the poor. There was much more illness. They didn't have the money to pay doctors, and they oftenused to die of illnesses that don't exist in England now.Man: Maybe. But people used to talk to each other, play the piano or play cards together. Nowadays people just sit in front of the television for hours andnever talk to each other.Woman: I agree with you about television; but what about their children? They left their Children with the servants all day. Children hardly ever saw theirparents! And the clothes they had to wear! Horrible, tight, uncomfortable,grown-up clothes. Children have a much better life now than they used to,and schools and education are much better too.Man: I hate school.Woman: And look at opportunities for women. In those days, women used to stay at home, play the piano, change their clothes several times a day and have teaparties. What a life! They didn't have any freedom at all. I'm very happyliving now. I can work, have a career, do what I want to.Man: You mean you can work hard all your life like a Victorian servant. Woman: Life isn't all tea parties, you know.Task 6【答案】A.1) b 2) a 3) c 4) aB.1) family unit; process; change; used to be; the extended; the nuclear2) job patterns; progressed; agricultural; industrial; forced; job opportunities; split up3) traditional; family; expanded; other living arrangementsC.1) mother, father, children, and some other relatives, such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby2)only the parents and the children3)previously married men and women marry again and combine the children fromformer marriages into a new family【原文】The American family unit is in the process of change. There used to be mainly two types offamilies: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family most often included mother, father, children, and some other relatives, such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as job patterns changed and the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people were forced to move to different parts of the country for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family became more prevalent; this consisted of only the parents and the children. Now besides these two types of traditional groupings, the word "family" is being expanded to include a variety of other living arrangements.Today's family can be made up of diverse combinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there is an increase in single parent homes: a father or mother living with one or more children. "Blended families" occur when previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, some couples are deciding not to have any children at all, so there is an increase in childless families. There are also more people who live alone: single, widowed, divorced. Now one in five Americans lives alone.Task 7【答案】A.B.1) c 2) c 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) c 7) c【原文】In Japan both men and women go to university and both men and women study the arts such as history or English. But very few women study science, medicine or engineering. In engineering classes of thirty or forty students, there may be only one or two women. Men and women both go to university in order to get good jobs: men want to work for a big company, be successful, earn a lot of money and support a family; women, on the other hand, want to work for a big company because they have a better chance of meeting a successful man and getting married. This is changing, however, as Japanese women begin to think about their own careers. They have began to take jobs which they like rather than jobs in order to find a husband.Men work for their whole lives and usually stay with the same company. A woman may work up to ten years, but after that she usually gets married. Most women are married by the age of twenty seven, then they stay at home and look after the children.A man does not cook or look after the children. When he comes home, his meal must be ready. The woman may go out in the afternoon, shopping with her friends or having a chat, but she must go back home by four o'clock to prepare the meal. Then she may have to wait a long time for her husband to come home. Often he has to go out for a drink after work: if he doesn't he may not rise very high in the company. After her children grow up, a woman can go back to work, but it is not easy. If her former company takes older women back, she might be lucky. But most women find it difficult to find a job when they are older.Task 8【答案】A.1) a 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) c 6) b 7) c 8) bB.1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) F 8) F 9) T 10) F【原文】Matthew: Geth, how do people set about getting married in England?Geth: I suppose the most common way is still for people to go home. For example, people who live in London now will go back to their homes in the provinceswhere they'll meet all their relatives and their parents, and they'll getmarried in a church, with the bride wearing white, the traditional white.Then they'll go off and have a booze-up with their relatives and friends anda jolly good time will be had by all. Otherwise you can get married in aregistry office, which means you turn up with your bride-to-be orbridegroom-to-be with two witnesses only. The ceremony takes about fiveminutes, I suppose. You sign the form and that's it.Matthew: There are many today who say that marriage is a complete waste of time.What's your view of marriage in the twentieth century?Goth: Well, I live in London as you know. I think in London, the tendency is to...for a... boy and girl, man or woman to live together before marriage andoften to live together without any prospect of marriage at all. I think thisprobably is... is true of London and the other big cities than elsewhere,because after all people in London are living in a big place where home tiesare obviously less restrictive. They can do more or less as they please and Ithink this is the pattern.Matthew: But do you think it helps for people to live together before taking their vows?Geth: I think in a sense the habit of living together before marriage may, in a strange sort of way, make marriage stronger, because after all the people will knoweach other better when they do get married and it might be suggested thatdivorce would be less likely between such a couple.Matthew: Sue, you've been married for two or three years now. How's it working out? Sue: I think it's a successful marriage. It's... I mean, it's difficult to say why, because we basically suit each other very much. We have a good friendship,apart from anything else, and, you know, we just go together very wellbecause we respect each other's freedom and individuality, but on the otherhand we really need each other, you know, it's...Matthew: What about.., have you thought of having children?Sue: Well, obviously, like most young couples, we have thought about it, but, you know, we both feel rather, sort of, loath to lose our freedom just yet. I thinkwe'll probably wait another few years.Matthew: Is it easy in England today to people to get divorced, or is that quite difficult?Chris: I think technically it's probably fairly easy, I think, because I'm not English but, I think technically it's fairly easy to be... to get divorced. But it's not justthe technicality of it which is the problem. Divorce is... is a social stigmawhich people can probably Cope with to varying degrees, but it's also a loteasier for the man because the woman, after she is divorced is, in fact,frowned upon by... by a lot of people in society. She is... is... at a... a muchmore difficult social position in terms of... of meeting other men, or whatever, simply because she is a divorcee.Task 9【原文】Social customs and ways of behaving change. But they do not necessarily always change for the better. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in the room.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable — especially if they are your guests. There is a story about a rich nobleman who had a very formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. Other guests were amused or shocked, but the nobleman calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.。

Unit 1 QuizI. Multiple Choice1）It finally me it was him who had donated d a lot of money to the hospital.[A] occurred to [B]dawned on[C]hit upon [D] struck2) The little boy has great as a painter and should be trained.[A]capacity [B]ability[C] capability [D] faculty3) The earth's shadow on the moon was quite .[A] distinct [B] distinctive [C]suspicious [D]special4) Franklin’s ability to learn from observations and experience _____ greatly to hi s success in public life.[A] contributed [B] owed [C]attributed [D] related5) income tax is what people hope.[A]Separation from [B] Freedom from [C] Freedom of [D] Isolation from6)Your advice would be _____ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit’s end.[A] excessively [B] exceedingly [C] extensively [D] exclusively7) _______ he tried his best, he did not succeed.[A] For all [B] In spite [C] Even if [D] As8) You can count on the young man. He is ------this task.[A]capable to do [B] equal to do [C] equal to doing [D] talented to doing9) All solders were in high spirits as they read -----letters from their families.[A]sensitive [B]sentimental [C]affectionate [D] intimate10 Tom is doing some research on ______ behaviors of the snakes.[A]sexual [B]sexy [C]sexist [D]sex2. Translate.1) From English into Chinese(1) 学校教职员工Faculty and staff of the school(2) 政治上的成熟Political maturity(3) 成长过程中的变化developmental changes(4) 认同危机identity crisis(5) 恋爱关系have a romantic relationship with(6) 遗传工程genetic project(7) 学术生活academical life(8) 偶然事件chance event(9) 民族认同national identity(10) 青春期adolescence(11) 种族偏见racial prejudice(12) 每天工作日程daily agenda(13) 伦理道德观念ethical and moral concept(14) 处理日常生活的能力capacity of dealing with daily life(15) 历史背景historical background(16) 异性the opposite sex(17) 感情上的支持emotional support(18) 生活方式life style(19) 委任某人重要的职位appoint sb. to important position(20) 反叛，叛逆rebel againist2) From Chinese into English.(1) to pursue an education(2) to acquire knowledge(3) to handle the case(4) to define the word(5) to select one’s major(6) to resent the treatment(7) to establish their identity(8) to frustrate the students(9) to declare war(10) to drag one’s feet(11) to evaluate the result(12) to process knowledge(13) to perform one’s duty(14) to narrow the gap(15) to expand business(16) to expect better results(17) to assemble cars(18) to present facts(19) to model for the young(20) to affirm personal values1. 人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们的环境。

Unit 1 SportsPart AListening StrategyIdentifying NumbersNumbers appear very often in every kind of listening material. The ability to catch the exact numbers spoken in English is an important but difficult skill for a Chinese learner. A good way is to practice over and over again the pronunciation of the numbers, particularly the different ways to say thirteen and thirty, fourteen and forty, etc. It also helps to practice writing down the numbers you hear quickly in numerical forms, without translating them into Chinese.You’re going to hear a passage about Michael Jordan, a retired American professional basketball player. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the missing numbers.Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time. He was born on Feb. 1) 17, 2) 1963, in Brooklyn, New York. He is 3) 1.98 meters tall and weighs 4) 216 pounds. Jordan joined the Chicago Bulls team for the 5) 1984 season. In the 6) 1986 season he shot 7) 3041 points, the 8) third highest score ever. He was named NBA Slam Dunk Champion (扣篮冠军) in 9) 1987 and won the Most Valuable Player Award in 10) 1988, an honor repeated 11) four times in the next 12) ten years to 13) 1998. Jordan guided his team to win 14) six NBA championships during the 15) 1990s, scoring 16) 45 points during the 17) sixth and last game of the 18) 1998 NBA finals. In 19) 1999, he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century.Jordan left the NBA at the beginning of the 1993-1994 NBA season to pursue a career in baseball. Since his baseball game wasn’t quite as good as his basketball games, he finally gave it up to rejoin the Bulls in 1995. Yet, after playing for 20) five more years, he once again announced his retirement in 21) 1999. But he returned for two more NBA games in 22) 2001 as a member of the Washington Wizards.Part BPre-listening TaskQuestions for DiscussionYou are going to talk about sports. Read the following questions and discuss them with your partner.1. Do you like sports? What is your favorite sport?2. What sports do most young people go in for?3. What sports are suitable for old people?4. Do you like jogging? Why or why not?5. Why do people need to play sports?Demo:2. What sports do most young people go in for?Well, people in different parts of the world may prefer different kinds of sports. For example, many Chinese people play ping-pong or table tennis, and it is considered to be our national sport. Chinese ping-pong players have won numerous championships in world competitions, which boosts the enthusiasm for the game among young people in China. However, in North America, many young people like playing American football and basketball. Almost every teenager has his or her own idol in these games. For example, Michael Jordan has a lot of fans in the US.Additional Question for DiscussionWhat do you know about the Olympic Games?Demo:The Olympic Games are one of the most important international events in the world today. The modern Olympic Games are named for athletic contests held in ancient Greece for almost 12 centuries. They were banned in AD 394 but were revived and made international in 1896. The Winter Games were added in 1924. World War I and World War II forced cancellation of the Olympics in 1916, 1940, and 1944, but they resumed in 1948 and are held every four years. After 1992 the Winter and Summer Games were no longer held within the same calendar year. Winter Games were scheduled for 1994, after only a two-year interval, and every four years thereafter. The Summer Games were scheduled for 1996, and every four years thereafter. Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympics.Language FocusHere are some sentences and structures that you might find useful in discussing the above questions.●I like sports a lot / very much.●I enjoy / am keen on / am fond of playing sports.●I like swimming / jogging / fishing / tennis, etc.●My favorite sport is basketball / volleyball / football, etc.●Young people go in for such sports as running / playing basketball / tennis / football, etc.●Jogging / Walking / Fishing is good for old people.●Jogging is considered a healthy sport for both the young and the old / people of all ages.●Many people begin jogging because they believe it is a very good form of exercise / can make their heartsstronger / can help them lose weight.●Jogging against the cold wind is also a test of one’s will power.●Playing sports can help us to relax.●Sitting in a chair all day has made me very lazy.●I can get my figure back if I play a sport.●I can make new friends when I play sports.●People play sports because they want to keep fit / live an active life.●Playing a sport we like is an essential part of our life.Listening TasksWhy Don’t You Join Me at the Gym Sometime?Word Bankgym n. a special hall or room with equipment for doing physical exercise 体育馆head v. to go to 到……去cycle v. to ride a bicycle 骑自行车stay in shape to keep a good figure 保持体形work out to exercise to improve physical fitness 进行健身锻炼guest pass a card or permit giving authorization for the holder’s friend (a guest) to enter or have access to a place 贵宾卡Script:Peter: Hi Laura. Where are you heading with that big bag?Laura: Hi, Peter. I’m off to the gym. I’ve got to stay in shape, you know. I try to go three times a week, but I’m busy so I can’t always make it.Peter: I know more women who work out than men. What’s the main reason you work out? For your health, or to look good?Laura: To be honest, for both. With women, good looks are always a very important consideration.Peter: If they were honest, most men who work out would admit that they also do it to look better, and not merely for health reasons.Laura: How about you? Do you get any regular exercise?Peter: I do a lot of walking, for exercise and enjoyment — sometimes ten to twenty kilometers at a time — butI never go to the gym like you do.Laura: Well, walking is good exercise. How about sports?Peter: Not since my school days. I used to love playing baseball, but it’s impossible to get enough people together for a game now. Mostly I just watch sports on TV.Laura: I play tennis fairly regularly with my friends, and sometimes go swimming and cycling by myself. Peter: Oh, I forgot about that. I go cycling sometimes too. And I often go swimming on vacation, but only recreational swimming.Laura: Why don’t you join me at the gym sometime? I can get you a guest pass.Peter: Well, maybe someday, but I’m pretty lazy about things like that.Language and Culture Notes1.Background informationNowadays many people work in offices, spending most of their time indoors. In the evening they usually sit watching TV or reading newspapers. Their daily activities do not provide them with the exercise needed to keep them fit and healthy. Therefore, many of them devote part of their spare time to doing regular physical exercises and playing some sports. Some people go to the gym for a workout three times a week in the evening. The exercises they do there can help them stay in shape and feel relaxed.2. I’m off to the gym.I’m going to the gym.3. I can’t always make itSometimes I can’t go to the gym for exercise (probably because I have no time).4. recreational swimmingswimming for exercise rather than for competition5. guest passYou need to pay for a membership pass to go and work out in a gym. But sometimes the gym will allow you to invitea friend to go with you. A free guest pass will be issued for your friend.Exercise 1Listen to the conversation and choose the right answers to the questions.1. What do you know about Peter?a. He is an active sportsman.b. He is a keen cyclist.c. He enjoys playing baseball.d. He exercises regularly.2. Where might the two speakers be having this conversation?a. In Peter’s home.b. In the street.c. In the gym.d. On their way to the gym.Exercise 2Listen again and write down answers to the following questions.1. Why is Laura so keen on sports?Because she wants to enjoy good health. She also wants to stay in shape and look good.2. What sports do Peter and Laura go in for?Both Peter and Laura like cycling and swimming. Laura also plays tennis regularly. Speaking TasksListen to the following conversations and repeat after the recording. Then role-play them with your partner. Conversation 1A: What’s your plan for this evening?B: Well, there’s a good game at the stadium but I haven’t got a ticket yet.A: I’m going to the gym. Would you like to come along? I can get a guest pass for you.B: That’s wonderful. I’d always wanted to w ork out in the new gym. Thank you very much.Conversation 2A: Hi, Xiao Wang. Fancy meeting you here! How are you doing?B: Can’t complain. I’m busy with my experiments in the lab. But after work I often play some sports.A: Like what?B: Like swimming, running and sometimes tennis.A: Tennis? That’s my favorite game. Say, what’re you doing this weekend?B: Nothing particular. I guess I’ll probably just work in the lab.A: Come on. You need to relax. What about a game of tennis?B: OK.Conversation 3A: Are you doing anything special tomorrow, Bob?B: Not really. Why do you ask?A: Some of us are going motorcycling. Would you like to join us?B: Motorcycling? I’ve never done that. Isn’t it a bit dangerous?A: Maybe, but it’s really exciting.B: I enjoy jogging. It’s more relaxing.A: That’s a good form of exercise. It can help you stay in shape.B: Yes, it’s also safer.ExerciseNow make similar conversations according to the given situations. Use the structures and expressions above in your conversations where appropriate.1. Ask your friend about his/her plans for the weekend. Then suggest playing a certain kind of sport.2. Ask your partner whether he/she intends to go to the basketball game in the city stadium. Say that you’ve got an extra ticket.Part CTest Your ListeningShort ConversationsYou’re going to hear five short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. a. Basketball. b. Volleyball.c. Table tennis.d. Tennis.2. a. Boxing is one of his favorite sports.b. Boxing is the only kind of sport he likes.c. He doesn’t like boxing at all.d. He doesn’t like boxing very much.3. a. He finds it too long.b. He thinks it could be more exciting.c. He doesn’t like it at all.d. He likes it, but not very much.4. a. He doesn’t know how to play chess.b. He doesn’t like playing chess very much.c. He can’t play chess well.d. He’s a good chess player.5. a. He was a good football player in high school.b. He kept track of the football players and games when he was in high school.c. He shows no interest in football now.d. He’s busy playing golf as well as football now.Script:1. W: I like playing basketball, volleyball and table tennis. What about you?M: Well, tennis is my favorite sport.Q: Which sport does the man like?2. W: You don’t like boxing very much, do you?M: It’s far from being my kind of sport.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: I think yesterday’s football game was quite exciting. What about you, John?M: You said it. But it was a bit long.Q: What does the man think about the football game?4. W: Do you like to play chess?M: I like the game, but I don’t play it often enough. I’m afraid I’m not a very good chess player.Q: What does the man mean?5. M: I knew the names of all the football players and the dates of all the games in my high school days. But recentlyI have failed to keep up with football.W: Now you’re busy with your golf games.Q: What do you know about the man from the conversation?Unit 2 Food and DrinksPart AListening StrategyListening “Between the Lines”People do not always say directly what they mean. Very often, we have to listen “between the lines”. The English language offers many ways for people to imply, rather than directly state, their meaning. To find out what a speaker really means, we can rely on such things as the context, the meaning of an idiom, and the intonation used. For example, if someone says “I have an essay to write” in answer to an invitation to go somewhere, we can infer from the context that he cannot accept the invitation. And if someone says “Andrew passed with flying colors” in reply to an inquiry about how Andrew did on a test, we can infer from the meaning of the idiom “to pass with flying colors” that Andrew did very well on the test. Often, intonation also helps to reveal the real meaning of a message. For example, “He is very clever” said with an ironic tone means just the opposite.You are going to hear eight short conversations bet ween two speakers. Listen carefully and write down “Yes” or “No” to each of the following questions.1. Q: Does the woman enjoy the food in that restaurant? Yes2. Q: Is the man satisfied with the restaurant’s service? No3. Q: Do the children like the cake? Yes4. Q: Does the man like chicken best? No5. Q: Does the woman like the wine? Yes6. Q: Does John want a soda? No7. Q: Does the man like the fish? No8. Q: Will Sue eat out with the man tonight? NoScript:1. M: Have you ever been to that big restaurant opposite the school gate?W: Yes, many times. Whenever my friends come to visit me, I’ll take them there to eat.2. W: Is there something wrong, sir?M: My wife and I have been kept waiting for nearly an hour for our meal.3. W: Where is the cake I made this morning?M: We ate it, mom. Can you make another one for us?4. W: I hear you like chicken very much.M: Next to beef.5. M: Have you tried this wine before?W: No, never. It’s my first time, but it’s really to my taste.6. M: John, do you want a soda?W: Soda? I think it tastes like medicine.7. W: Why, the fish is left almost untouched.M: Well, it would be good if it were less salty.8. M: Hi, Sue, would you like to eat out tonight?W: Oh, I’d really like to, b ut my sister may come to visit me this evening.Part BPre-listening TaskQuestions for DiscussionYou are going to talk about food and drinks. Read the following questions and discuss them with your partner.1. Where do you usually have your meals? What do you think of the food there?2. What do you usually have for breakfast, lunch and supper?3. Do you sometimes eat out? What kind of place do you like to go to?4. What is your favorite food / dish / drink?5. How do you like health food?Demo:4. What is your favorite food? (Why do you like it?)I am not picky about food and it is hard for me to decide which food I like most. Meat, bread, vegetables, fruit, fish …, I like them all. It can be said that my favorites change with the season. For example, in spring, my favorite food includes vegetables and fruit. I like them because they are tasty, nutritious and easy to digest.Additional Question for DiscussionAre there any differences or similarities between Chinese table manners and Western table manners?Demo:Chinese table manners are different from Western table manners in several aspects. One example is that, to show kindness and hospitality (好客), many Chinese would put food with their own chopsticks (筷子) onto their guests’bowls or plates even though the guests indicate they do not want the food or so much of it. However, very few Westerners would do this. They would ask their guests to help themselves to the food they like.Language FocusHere are some sentences and structures that you might find useful in discussing the above questions.●I usually have meals at the school canteen. The food there is not expensive / good / delicious / notbad.●There is always a variety of things to choose from / little choice.●I sometimes eat out at a fast food restaurant / snack bar for a change.●Hamburgers and French fries are my favorites.●I don’t like fast food. It’s junk food and has little body-building nutrition.●I like fast food a lot. I know it’s not very nutritious but it tastes good.●I prefer health food, which is rich in vitamins and minerals and low in calories.●I’d prefer to go to a restaurant where the food is good, even though it costs more.●I like / fancy / crave for / can’t stand / hate hot and spicy food / sweet and sour dishes．●This dish is delicious / tasteless / too salty / awful.●For breakfast, I usually have meat stuffed buns (肉包) and soybean milk (豆奶) / milk and two slicesof whole-wheat bread / porridge and pancakes / instant noodles.●For lunch, I have rice with one meat dish and one vegetable dish or vegetable soup.●I occasionally have dumplings / noodles / fried rice for lunch / supper.●I’m a vegetarian (素食者) and I like many kinds of vegetables, especially greens and mushrooms. Listening TasksWhat about Dining Out?Word Bankheavy a. (of food) rather solid and difficult to digest 难以消化的skip v. to intentionally miss 故意略去；有意不去sushi n.a Japanese dish consisting of small balls or rolls of vinegar-flavored cold rice served with a garnish of vegetables, egg, or raw seafood 寿司（做成丸状或卷状的冷米饭，拌有醋，常配以蔬菜、鸡蛋、生海鲜等菜肴）Script:Peter: Hi, Kate.Kate: Hi, Peter. How have you been?Peter: Oh, OK, I guess. And you?Kate: Not too bad. We haven’t seen each other for a while, have we?Peter: No, we haven’t. So that makes me ask. Do you have any plan for this Saturday?Kate: No, not yet, I don’t think so. Why?Peter: What do you think about getting together and going out to dinner this weekend?Kate: That would be great. Do you have any particular place in mind?Peter: Well, I think I’d like to eat something that’s not too heavy. I’ve been eating a little too much lately. Kate: Me too.Peter: I love Italian food, but maybe we should skip that this time. They always seem to serve so much food in Italian restaurants, and you end up eating more than you wanted to.Kate: Chinese food would be good.Peter: Yes, or maybe some Japanese sushi. That style uses a lot of natural flavors, and not much oil or cream or heavy sauces.Kate: Yes, either of those choices would be good. Let’s just meet on Saturday night, and decide then where to eat.Peter: That’s fine by me.Language and Culture Notes1. Background informationIn large cities such as New York and London, you can always find different styles of cuisine. And you havea variety of choices as to what to eat, from French food, Italian food, Chinese food, Japanese food, and Mexicanfood, to Malaysian or Thai food. Italian cuisine uses a lot of tomato sauce, cheese, and cream, and its food is more on the heavy side. Pizza and pasta (for example, spaghetti and macaroni) are popular with diners. Our own Chinese cuisine is noted for its combination of color, flavor and smell, and Sichuan-style spicy food and Chinese snacks are much favored by foreigners for their delicious taste. Japanese cuisine lays great emphasis on artistic presentation of its dishes. Compared to Italian and Chinese cuisine, the Japanese style of cooking is probably lighter. It uses a lot of raw food, especially raw fish, all kinds of seafood, and soy sauce with less oil and fat.2. for a whilefor quite some time3. Do you have any particular place in mind?Do you want to go to any partic ular restaurant to eat? “Do you have any particular … in mind?” can be used for various situations. For example, “Do you have any particular place / movie / idea / plan / book, etc. in mind?”4. natural flavorsthe original tastes of food, without being altered by sauces or seasonings5. That’s fine by me.This is an informal way to show agreement to some suggestion, meaning “I like that” or “I have no objection to that”.Exercise 1Listen to the conversation and complete the following sentences.1. P eter and Kate haven’t seen each other for a while.2. Kate doesn’t have any plans for this Saturday.3. Peter suggests to Kate that they have dinner together during the weekend.4. Peter loves Italian food, but he thinks they serve too much food in Italian restaurants.5. Both Peter and Kate like Chinese food and Japanese food.Exercise 2Listen to the conversation again and write down answers to the following questions.1. What does Peter say about Japanese food?It uses natural flavors, not much oil or cream or heavy sauces.2. When and where will Peter and Kate have dinner together?They will have dinner on Saturday either at a Chinese or a Japanese restaurant.Speaking TasksListen to the following conversations and repeat after the recording. Then role-play them with your partner. Conversation 1(At the school canteen)A: What a crowd!B: This is the worst time. The morning classes are just over. Everybody is hungry and rushes here to have lunch. A: That’s true. I’m starving and I can’t wait. I’d rather not stand in a long line.B: Why don’t we have some fried noo dles?A: Noodles are sold at No. 2 Box. No queue there, you see.B: That’s great.(At No. 2 Box)Counter hand: What can I get you?A: One plate of fried noodles, please.B: Make it two.Counter hand: OK. Two plates of fried noodles. Anything else?A: How much is the tomato soup?Counter hand: It’s free. It goes with the noodles.A: I see. (To B) Do you want any soup?B: Yes.A: (To Counter hand) Two bowls of soup, please.Conversation 2(At a fast food restaurant)Counter hand: What can I do for you?Customer: I’ll have one order of chicken nuggets and a chicken sandwich.Counter hand: Anything to drink?Customer: A small Sprite. No ice, please.Counter hand: Okay. For here or to go?Customer: For here.Conversation 3(At a Chinese restaurant)Waitress: Are you ready to order?A: Do you have any recommendations?Waitress: Yes. The Sichuan-style crispy whole fish is very good. It’s today’s special.A: Mary, would you like to try that? I hear it’s very good.B: Why not? And I’d like shrimp in black bean sauce, too. It’s my favorite.Waitress: Okay. Anything else?A: What about some vegetables, Mary?B: Yes. How about spinach?A: Spinach is fine with me.Waitress: Anything to drink?A: Yes. I’d like one Bud Light, please. What’ll you have, Mary?B: Orange juice, please.Waitress: One Bud Light and one orange juice. Is that right?A: Right.ExerciseNow make similar conversations according to the given situations. Use the structures and expressions above in your conversations where appropriate.1. It is noontime. You are at the school canteen. Practice buying and selling a meal at the canteen with your partner.2. You and your friend are at a Chinese restaurant / an American fast food restaurant. Practice ordering / gettinga meal. One will be the waiter / waitress and the other the customer.Part CTest Your ListeningA ConversationListen to the conversation and choose the right answers to the questions.1. What is the relationship between the two speakers?a. Classmates.b. Co-workers.c. Waiter and diner.d. Strangers.2. Where does the conversation take place?a. At McDonald’s.b. At Kentucky Fried Chicken.c. At an Italian restaurant.d. At Pizza Hut.3. What will they order?a. Pizza, salad and iced water.b. Soup, hamburger and coffee.c. Sandwich, spaghetti and red wine.d. Spaghetti, salad, coffee, Coke and iced water.Script:A: Well, here we are, not too crowded.B: Great! Let’s order quickly so we can chat a little.A: OK. What are you in the mood for?B: Something light. I had a huge breakfast and I’m still full.A: There are three salads. Or you could have soup and a sandwich.B: What are you having? A hamburger, I suppose.A: No, actually I ate out last night. We had pizza at Pizza Hut, then a late snack at Kentucky Fried Chicken. B: Oh, dear. Well, maybe you should have a salad.A: Yes, I think so. Look, the daily special is spaghetti. That sounds good.B: Oh, the prices are great too. I’ll have that as well.A: Now let’s decide on drinks.B: I’ll just have coffee and a glass of iced water.A: Italian food needs red wine, you know.B: But we have to go back to work.A: OK, a Coke for me then.B: Here comes the waitress. Let me order first.Unit 3 WeatherPart AListening StrategyListening for Important DetailsBesides understanding the main idea of a listening text, we often find it necessary to grasp the important details as well. What counts as important details depends on the kind of information we want. Generally speaking, if we are listening to the narration of an event, we need to sharpen our ears not only for what happened, but also when and where, how and why it happened. In listening to a weather report, on the other hand, the important details we should watch out for are the current weather conditions, temperature, and weather outlook.You’re going to hear two short passages about weather. While listening, pay attention to such details as the weather conditions, temperature, weather outlook, damage caused by bad weather and so on, and write them down in note form. Then complete the exercises in your book.1. a. General weather conditions for today:Fine and pleasant.b. Temperature:High: 18 °C (64 °F)c. Weather outlook:Mostly cloudy with heavy showers moving in from the west.2. a. When did the storm start and how long did it last?It started around 8 p.m. and lasted for about three hours.b. How damaging was the storm?It caused four deaths and serious damage including a widespread power failure.Script:1. The weather today: a fine day is in store nearly everywhere, with the best of the sunshine in southern and central areas of Britain. A pleasant day, then, with long sunny periods developing. There will be light winds with a maximum temperature of 18 degrees Celsius, 64 degrees Fahrenheit.Look at the outlook for the next few days: it will become mostly cloudy with heavy showers moving in from the west.2. A storm in Changchun, capital of Northeas t China’s Jilin Province, claimed four lives on Sunday. The storm lasted about three hours from around 8 p.m. The winds reached speeds of over a hundred miles an hour, causing serious damage and a widespread power failure.Part BPre-listening TaskQuestions for DiscussionYou are going to talk about weather and weather forecasts. Read the following questions and discuss them with your partner.1. What’s the weather like now?2. What’s the weather forecast for today?3. How do you get weather information?4. What kind of climate do you like or dislike?5. Which season do you like best? Why?Demo:4. What kind of climate do you like or dislike?I like the climate of Shenyang City in the northern part of China. In spring it’s neither too hot nor too cold, with the temperature between 40-50 degrees Fahrenheit. The summer there is cool and pleasant. In the fall the leaves change colors with the temperature around 60-70 degrees Fahrenheit. Perhaps the winter there is the best time, for the scenery is gorgeous. The snow is like powder covering the ground everywhere and that makes it an amazing place for skiing and snowboarding.Additional Question for DiscussionDo you think it is possible or impossible to give accurate weather forecasts?Demo:I think it is too much to ask for accurate weather forecasts at present. There are still quite a few things about the weather that we just don’t understand. We have to further develop meteorological (气象的) science and related technologies. There is a long way to go before we can hope to have very accurate weather forecasts.Language FocusHere are some sentences and structures that you might find useful in discussing the above questions.。

Unit 1 P131.They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company.2.Although there are still difficulties ahead of us, I am sure that we Chinese people will have the wisdom to bring about the peaceful unification of our country on our own.3.It is wrong to put emphasis on nothing but GDP. It will give rise to many serious problems.4.He loves to show off his wealth, but that is all in vain. People still avoid him as though he were poison.5.He soon fell in love with the village and was determined to make it a beautiful garden together with other villagers.6.We must spend more money fighting against global warming. In addition, we must resort to tough laws. It is not just a matter of money.7.When the police arrived at the school, the students and teachers were still in a daze.8.This corrupt official was still clinging to his power. He refused to step aside.9.When the man finally came into view, I found it was my father. I didn’t know how he managed to find this place in the blinding snow. At that moment, I burst into tears.10.She glanced at him from time to time. It was the first time in her life that she had found herself looking at a young man like that.Unit 1 P181.Before I came to/entered college, I had neverthought life at college would be so rich and interesting.2.Most of the Chinese college students born in the1990s are the only child of their families.3.All those who know him admire him for hiswork.4.I missed the class because I didn’t know it hadmoved up to Thursday.5.In some countries, those who are overweight willbe punished one way or another.6.Soon after the fire, those who had lost theirhomes were taken to a place of safety.7.When we met again, we found we both hadchanged a lot.8.A team of experts headed by Professor Li willsoon come and help farmers solve their problems.9.The field planted with tomatoes used to bewasteland.10.Our teacher told us to read books written bysuch masters as Mao Dun and Ba Jin.Unit 2 P391. It seemed impossible to me, but all the others looked very confident.2. We looked around. There wasn’t a buildingstanding in sight. The earthquake seemed to have destroyed everything.3. He seems to be in low spirits these days. I wonder why.I think it’s because he doesn’t seem to be making much progress in his studies. He is afraid of being looked down upon by his classmates.4. What are you looking for, Dick?I seem to have lost my key. How annoying!5. If you find a word that does not seem to makeany sense in the sentence, you should look it up in the dictionary. That’s the only way to learn to use a word.6. They went on arguing for hours. Neither waswilling to listen to the other. I suddenly remembered someone saying “Discussion is an exchange of knowledge while argument is an exchange of ignorance.”7. The situation there seems to be very complicated. The government has promised to look into it.8. My grandpa seems to be getting better and better, but he still needs somebody to look after him.9. Economists have already come to the conclusion that the crisis seems to be coming to an end. The world economy is looking up.10. When I got well I looked at my bank account.To my sadness, I found my balance was almost zero. All my savings in the past three years were gone.Unit 2 P421.You ought to try a different method.2.I think you ought to talk with our writing teacherabout it.3.We ought to report the theft to the police immediately.4.You ought to go and see your parents more often now that they are not in good health.5.You shouldn’t have shouted at the elders like that.6.You shouldn’t have been late for such an important meeting.7.Isn’t Jim your friend? You shouldn’t have turned down/rejected his offer of help.8.As a college student, you shouldn’t have spent all your free time playing computer games.9.If I failed this time, I would try for the second time.10.If global warming continued, these islands would disappear.11.If I had a million yuan, I would buy my parents an apartment.12.If I were elected president of the students’union, I might organize a piano competition.Unit 3 P611.Zhu Yingtai had to (was forced to) obey her father and marry the young master if the rich Ma family although she was extremely unwilling. She was heartbroken.2.The man had never seen such a large note. He said, "It looks good, feels good, and it is good!"3.Leaves had turned/got/gone/become yellow, red and purple. It really looked heavenly(beautiful like heaven).4.As she grew older, she began to feel tired easily.5.What he said sounded very convincing, but reasons that sound good do not always mean good sound reasons. There is a big difference between the two.6.He likes to talk. He can never keep quiet, and what he says often proves(turns out to be) incorrect.7.He got wounded in the battle, lost a lot of blood, and became very weak. His leaders ordered him to stay in the hospital until he was completely recovered(healed).8.They thought they could slip through our fingers.They were wrong. They couldn't get away with what they had done.9.During the Long March, the Red Army had to get across the Dadu River, through the grassland and over the snow-covered mountains.10.Are you used to life there?How do you get along with your classmates?Can you get by with the money we send you?(Is the money we send you enough for you?)Unit 3 P651.If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you could have caught the train.2.Your father would have forgiven you if you had told him the truth.3.If it hadn't snowed heavily, I would have taken you along to yesterday's party.4.If there had been more rain in spring, the harvest would have been much better.5.If they hadn't learned a lesson from their failure, they wouldn' t have achieved so much.6.If my family hadn't supported me, I wouldn't have taken part in this contest.7.Many people think that China's Great Wall is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.8.As so often happens, misfortunes/troubles never come singly/alone.9.As is often the case with the first-year college students, Jim finds it hard to adapt to the life at college.10.As is reported, the president will visit five African countries next month.Unit 5 P1141.This is a wonderful opportunity. You would be foolish to let it slip by.pared with last year, our exports have increased by 20%.(or. ...are up by 20%...have gone up by 20%)3.For want of a better word, let's call it "backdoorism".4.This young man is fond of fixing things. He is something of a Jack of all trades.pared to their parents' generation, young people today consider them to be a more practical generation.6.His face went/ turned blue with anger. He was determined to nip the mass protest in the bud.7.It is a long story, but I won't go into the history today.8.It took us much more time than we had expected to go through the customs.9.The power went out suddenly, and the whole city was thrown into complete darkness.10.Don't wait for me. You go ahead. I must go over the document.11.We cannot deny the fact that we have paid dearly for our economic development.12.Had the firemen arrived a bit later, the fire would have spread to the nearby oil tanks.Unit 6 P1401.When we reached our destination, we found nothing standing on the ground except some rocks scattered here and there. Nobody would be able to recognize it as part of the city wall a thousand years ago.2.Today, most people have got a new perspective. They no longer accept the view that mainly GDPmarks the happiness of a nation.3.Let's agree to disagree. We at least agree on one thing: We agree not to use force. We agree that we must settle our disputes peacefully.4.Guilin has always been regarded by our people as the most beautiful place in our country. I used to have my doubts, but now I totally agree with them. Everything is so beautiful, especially the rock formations in all those different shapes.5.I can assure you. She is a very agreeable person. I have never seen her lose her temper.6.A young man who saw the woman run over by the car has agreed to appear in court as witness. I appreciate/ admire his courage.7.College education should see to it that our students are able to do critical thinking.8.While you are preparing your lessons, you must try your best to see if you can raise some significant questions and give meaningful comments/ criticism.9.Upon careful reflections on this issue, I've come to realize that we must make sure our students not only can make a living, but also know how to live.10.Once I fixed my bike tire which was leaking. My Dad patted me on the shoulder and teased me saying that I am the family genius and have the potential of a good mechanic. What he said set the whole family laughing.Unit 6 P 1441.Take a warm jacket with you in case it should suddenly turn cold.2.It's not safe there, so stay in the hotel at night.3.The two girls spoke so softly that no one else could hear them.4.When you explain the danger of drugs to children, do it so that they can understand.5.The whole family worked hard so that they could send one of the children to college.6.In winter the school closes early so that the children can get home before dark.7.He was an only child, so he found it difficult to get along with his peers at school.8.The accident happened so long ago that I don't remember much about it.9.The teacher had just taken the children out of thebuilding when it collapsed.10.It was so dark that the German secret agent didn't notice there was no balcony below the window at all.Unit 8 P1771.The fuel/gas ran out, but he managed to make a safe landing in rice fields.2.There are already quite a few students who are considering running for the chairman of the Students' Union.3.That student who was run over by the horse carriage is now out of danger. I consider him really lucky.4.It is said that this well has never run dry in the past hundreds of years, and this has been considered a miracle.5.We are running short of hands. You have just come in the right time.6.I'd rather have some of our public works run by the state than by private businessmen.7.She warned me not to make friends with those who are always running after name andmoney.fame8.We warned them that what they did was against/a violation of the agreement/ contract, and we would take legal action.Unit 8 P 1811.Do what you like without caring about what other people think.2.We should find out what the students think about the matter.3.We'll do what we can do to help the earthquake victims.4.I hope what I have written will be of help to other college students.5.Being journalism majors, we ought to keep ourselves informed of what is happening around the world.6."Stop thief!" a student called, raising his voice.7.Having nothing more interesting to do, the boy decidedto take his alarm clock apart.8.Wang Lan opened th wardrobe, wondering what she should wear to the interview the next day.9.The village head went from door to door tellingpeople to leave for a nearby hill.10.Realizing he'd been deceived, the old man reported the painful experience to the police.Unit 10 P2211.If they refused to give back these small islands, the two countries would not be able to normalize their diplomatic relationship completely.2.I know that it is stupid to give up this opportunity, but I have no other alternative/choice.3.For lack of public support, the White House had to give in at last.4.It may not be possible to eliminate drugs all at once/immediately/at one go, but now there are millions of people throughout the world who succeed in kicking the habit of cigarette smoking every year.5.We have already made contact with the representatives of the other side and arranged to meet in Xiamen before long to discuss important issues we are both interested in.6.One day, that building suddenly gave way/collapsed/fell down, burying many peopleunder it.7.Love requires nourishment from both sides, and true love is in the giving, not in the taking.8.As soon as Grandma's health improved, she began to give out her belongings to her folks and friends.9.It requires perfect honesty on both sides to cultivate a lasting/enduring friendly relationship. 10.It is announced that our economic plan this year has been fulfilled and our domestic/home market has also been flourishing.Unit 10 P2251.He said again and again that he had come to China to broaden/widen/expand his horizons.2.Julia says she has neither the time nor the energy for sports after a day's hard work.3.Sometimes it takes courage to disagree openly with one's immediate boss.4.Neither the teachers nor the students here believe there is any shortcut in learning English.5.Upon graduation, most college students have two options:either to find a job or to go to graduateschool.6.To see all the flood victims properly housed is the relief workers' number one task at present.7.During my stay in China, I would like you to arrange for me to see some of my old friends.8.In order to prevent the price of houses from going up too fast, the government promised to adopt/launch a series of policies.9.Such interviews are generally conducted either ina hotel or in a cafe, never in offices.10.They opened a shelter for the city's homeless to stay overnight in extreme weather conditions.Unit 11 P2471.I am quite curious how you came to decide studya foreign language.2.It wasn't until the reform and opening-up started when people began to realize that the market was not a bad thing.3.None of those generals, officials and scholars knew how to weigh the elephant, but a young child suddenly came up with a brilliant idea.4.The biggest difficulty we came across/up againstwas lack of food. Therefore it never came to our mind that one day we might have to live on a diet. 5.I have never heard of this expression. Where did you come across it?6.The paint of that old temple is coming off. It needs repainting.7.The water here was not deep. It only came to an ordinary man's chest. So they could easily come across the river here.8.The door opened suddenly and out jumped a dog. It started barking at me and didn't quiet down until its master came out.9.Gone was the beautiful meadow, and in its place stood a big hotel.10.Our most urgent need is to protect the life of those Chinese who were kidnapped by the terrorists.Unit 11 P2501.It was a couple of days before the children recovered from the horror of the road accident.2.I was revising my essay on computer and was about to finish when its screen went black due topower failure.3.The school is located at the foot of a hill. Beyond the hill lies a large stretch of rice fields.4.It won't be long before Jim begins to regret having lost a friend like you.5."It's pleasant to touch the land," whispered the farmer.6.The family had just put their winter clothes away when the area was hit by a snowstorm.7.In the center of the Tian'anmen Square stands the Monument to the People's Heroes.8.It wasn't long before a number of economists realized the world would soon be faced with a serious global financial crisis.9.They were leaving for Thailand when they were told the trip had been cancelled.10.Gone are the days when China could not make big planes on its own.。

Unit 1Text A Another School Year—What For?Part 1 BackgroundⅠ. About the author: John Ciardi (1916-1986)A. His life:◆a child of Italian immigrants, Boston◆Began his career teaching English at the University of Kansas City◆Joined the US Air Force in 1942, served as a gunner in fighter planes◆went on to teach at Harvard University in 1946◆in 1953 accepted a position at Rutgers University◆in 1961, gave up teaching and devoted himself to his own literary endeavorsB. His influence:◆Poet, translator, etymologist◆Major works:➢First book of poems, Homeward to America, 1940➢Other Skies, focusing on his war-time experience, 1947➢How Does a Poem Mean, a standard textbook for high school and college poetry courses ➢Translation of Dante’s Divine Comedy (The Inferno, 1954; The Purgatorio, 1961; The Paradiso, 1970)◆Influence:➢ A very popular poet➢Poetry editor of Saturday Review from 1956 to 1972➢Fellow of the National Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member and former president of the National Institute of Arts and LettersII. Genre◆Orientation speechperiod of time at the beginning of the academic year at a university during which a variety of events are held to orient and welcome new students. The orientation helps new students to organize their classes, acclimate to student life, and introduce themselves to other new students. Speeches are often given at orientation by presidents or acclaimed professors of the university.◆Audience: College freshmen◆Style: colloquial, familiar; first humorous, mildly sarcastic; later serious and earnestPart 2 Word Study1．accomplishment n.①achievement 成就；成绩Books are man’s peculiar accomplishment. (para.12) 书本是人类特有的成就。

Key to exercisesUnit 1Preview1.Listen to the recording of the text and thenfill in the blanks in the followingsentences.1.aim/purpose; training;practical/professional skills; technicaltraining; universities2.graduate school; Shakespeare’s plays;be a pharmacist3.making a living; keep himself; hisfamily; expose; ideas4.waking; average; a living; all about5.in danger; mechanized savages;push-button Neanderthals6.have left us; peculiaraccomplishments; species7.center; storehouse8.sarcastic; humorous2.Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions, paying special attention to the parts in bold type.1)It means annoying experiences, toughproblems or failures.2)They must have finished their graduatestudies with an advanced degree like aPhD.3)I t simply means “one of the students”. The word “body” here means the whole group of students. Because the student is thin and tall. It is meant to be humorous rather than insulting.4) He teaches English literature.5)By using the word “stuff”, he shows hisdislike for the course very clearly. Hedoesn’t like the course because he thinksit is useless for his planned career.6)We can assume that he does not think it necessary to waste money on the books since he intends to drop the course.7)The latter. It is a humorous way of referring to a certain type of people.8) He is talking about the PharmacySchool. He is being sarcastic when he calls it “a Drugstore Mechanics School”It means “技工”.9) He is talking about the diploma for university or college graduates.He has in mind people like what the student wants to be: pharmacists.10) It means “having been introduced to the ideas developed or produced throughout history.11) It refers to his effort to convince the student.12) “Hold” here i s an intransitive verbmeaning “remain true”. It is often used asa set phrase “hold true”.13) It means “things of the same kind”. 诸如此类14) We call it the future continuous tense. It is used for ongoing future actions.15) He is saying here that you will make sure that the medicineyou make will not be mixed with poison if you are trained as a pharmacist;that the houses you build will successfully keep out bulls if your chosen job is engineering; and that your client will not be sentenced to death because you are incompetent if you want to be a lawyer. 16) These are all useful things to do… and raises/brings up your children.17) In formal English, “may” is used to express a hope or wish.More examples:May our country be prosperous and our people happy.May peace finally prevail.Note: suffice (be sufficient) It is formal for humorous effect.18) 民主的思想家. Will you be heading a family that is familiar with the great democratic ideas in past history?19) He means the tall student. “Pest” is often used to refer to an annoying person especially a child.20) No. He means that he is aiming to make money. That is his purpose for coming to school.21) …you’re going to have troublefinding something to do when you arenot spending money.22) … then you shouldn’t go to college. You have no reason to go to college.23) He is saying here that young peoplemay become savages like the ancient people who lived 35,000 to 130,000 years ago although they can now push buttons and use machines, hence, a “new species”.24) Our colleges are bound to produce some students of this kind. He is very sarcastic about these people and thinks that they are not truly educated and civilized as they should be today. Therefore he uses the expression: “such life forms”. Note also that t he word “graduate” is used as a transitive verb here.25) We are talking about how ideas or concepts are developed and how important they are in the evolution of the human species. Animals liveby instinct. Only human beings are able to formulate ideas such as love, freedom, democracy, and equality. These ideas makeus different from other animals. And weget these ideas from people in the past.That is why reading is so important. Manyscholars maintain that without reading wedon’t know how to think. The re are,however, people who emphasize theimportance of direct experience. They saythat ‘Doing is also learning’. Sometimesthey even go as far as to maintain thatreading may prevent us from creativethinking.26) The fact that we have the facultymeans that…V ocabulary1. Do the following exercises on word formation rules.1) The following words are adjectives ending with the suffixes “-ent” and “-ant,” and their corresponding nouns usually ending with “-ence” and “-ance.” Decide which of the followingshould be the former, and which the latter.1.different2.independent3.extravagantpetent5.arrogant6.important7.confident8.fragrant9.significant10.convenient 11.evident12.intelligent13.relevant14.present15.urgent16.violent17.current18.frequent19.distantNote: The following words are nouns, not adjectives: accountant; assistant; defendant; dependant; attendant2) Guess the corresponding nouns of the following, paying special attention to their pronunciation.1.qualification clarificationunification notificationclassification identificationintensification justificationsimplification certificationglorification specification2.modernization mechanizationrealization civilizationglobalization specializationAmericanization industrializationurbanization idealizationcentralization marketizationnationalization privatization 3.permission discussionadmission professioncommission confessionremission impressionemission oppressionsubmission compressiontransmission expressionomission depression3) Give derivatives of the following words.1.sense: sensitive; sensible; senseless;sensibility; oversensitive; insensitive2.technique: technical; technically;technician;3.special: specially; specialty;specialize4.intellect: intellectual; intelligent;intelligence5.civil: civilize; civilization; civilized;uncivilized4) Translate the following into Chinese.1.Many people agree that the increased enrollment is a big accomplishment.2.The lack of availability of certified accountants who can meet such high qualifications is still a big problem.3.Early specialization is not wise. Students should have a wide exposure to world culture before they specialize.4.Strong as we might be some day we must never become arrogant. We should continue to pursuethe policy of peaceful co-existence among nations.5.It is a penetrating thought that a nation’s powerrests essentially with its advanced civilization.6.Our memory of past disastrous experiences isan extremely important spiritual resource.2. Translate the following verb+noun collocations into English.1) fold one’s arms2) fold the letter3) acquire knowledge4) generate ideas5) generate jobs6) generate power7) generate interest8) employ workers9) use/employ time10) rear/raise one’s children11) rear sheep12) raise one’s family13) raise one’s voice14) raise tax15) raise the question16) maintain contact17) maintain law and order18) maintain peace3. Give the synonyms and antonyms of the following.Synonyms1.reasonably/ rather/quite2.clearly/evidently3.to keep4.to raise5.to gain/obtain6.to produce7.to prove8.department (university) 9.humanity10.drugstore /chemist (英)11.type/example/mode l/case12.to enter/join13.however/but14.sharp/thoughtful15.thinker/intellectual16.toshake/tremble/shiver 17.unavoidably/certai nly/18.tosuppose/presume/thin k/guess19.to help/assist 20.strange/odd/unusua l/queer21.achievement/succe ss/victory22.special skillAntonyms1.unavailable2.modestly3.general4.unqualified5.uncivilized/savage6.to unfold7.unemployed8.incompetence9. insensitive4. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below.1) to see to it; exposed to2) out for; succeed in3) averages out4) specialize in5) stuck for6) preside over7) stuck for; see to it that8) true of9) out to; see to it that10) have no business5. Fill in the blanks with the right word or expression in the bracket.1) in making; to find2) see3) out; of; of; for4) to5) by; for6) Poor as he was; put7) for8) in9) believed in; forcing10) physicist; sensitive6. Translate the following sentences into English.1) It is wrong to raise our children the way we growflowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens.2) As time goes on we are inevitably going to getmore and more involved in international affairs.And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests between nations.3) We are proud of our accomplishments, and wehave reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends.4) Information is now easily available. An averagecomputer can store the information of a small library5) That construction company is not qualified tohandle the project. They do not have any legaldocument to certify that they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatres.6) These think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers.7) The growth of GDP is not everything. Our country cannot be said to have been modernized unless the quality of our people’s lives is really improved.8) Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, and ponds; and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields.9) Give absolute power to some individual or any particular group of people, and that person or group are sure to abuse that power because, just as Lord Acton says, “Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”10) Traditionally in our country school educationwas always said to be more important and useful compared with all other pursuits.Grammar1.Point out how future time is expressed and what concept each future expression conveys.It is far more complicated to talk about the future than to talk about the present and past. Generally, future time is expressed in these ways.Future at Presenta)“will” as in 3): used to say something isexpected to happen“will be doing” as in 4): used to say that youare sure that something will happen becausearrangements have been madeb)“be going to”: used 2), 5) to say thatsomething will happen quite soon or to talkabout sb’s intentions or what they havedecided to doc)“the present progressive” as in 10): used totalk about something that will happen because you have planned or arranged itd)“the simple present” as in 9): used to say thatsomething will definitely happen at a particular time, especially because it has been officially arrangedFuture in the Pasta)“would” as in 7): used to say what youintended to do or expected to happenb)“was/were going to” as i n 1): used to say thatsomething was expected to happenc)“was/were to do” as in 6), 8): used to talkabout something that would happen because it had been planned or arranged.2.Learn to use emphasizing coordinating conjunctions.1. Point out the grammatical form each pair of the conjunctions connects.Emphasizing coordinating conjunctions connectparts of the sentence that have the same grammatical form.1)two nouns2)two adjectives3)two prepositional phrases4)two infinitive phrases5)two noun phrases6)two noun phrases7)two prepositional phrases8)two prepositional phrases2. Combine each pair of the sentences using the right emphasizing coordinating conjunctions.1)The province is strong both in industry and in agriculture. / The province is not only strong in industry, but also in agriculture.2)Relief agencies say the immediate problem is not a lack of food, but transportation.3)Generally, after working for the company for five years, young employees either are promoted or leave.4)TV programs for children should not onlyentertain but also teach.5)Obviously, these children are motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure 6)At present, it would be neither practical nor desirable to eliminate examinations altogether.7)Asian Americans are playing a more active role in politics than ever before, both at local and national level.8)My uncle believes that in our town sightseeing is best done either by tour bus or by bicycle.9)Wood flooring not only cleans easily, but is environmentally friendly.10)Until I read the article I knew neither where she was brought up nor (where she was) educated.11)I find the new manager neither easy to get along with nor delightful to talk to.12)Contrary to what people had expected, not only did he attend the meeting, but he also spoke for twenty minutes.3.Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word. (1) other (2) best (3) reason (4) mental (5) next(6) As (7) take (8) cool (9) thinking (10) rest4.Translate the following sentences into English.1)The premier is leaving for New York for a UNconference tomorrow.2)He is to meet the heads of state of severalcountries during his stay in New York.3)What are you going to do during the NationalDay holidays? Are you going home or staying on campus?4)—What do you think school will be like intwent y years’ time?—I think children will probably learn at home with a mechanical teacher.5)Thirty years ago, my grandparents neverthought they would be able to move into atwo-storey house with all the modern facilities.6)What they lack is not money but experience.7)They have come to China not only to learnChinese, but to learn about Chinese culture as well.8)What children want most from their parentsare not material things but love and attention.9)You may either write your essay in yourregular exercise book or do it on your computer.10)I’m not quite sure why he didn’t show up.Either he was not interested, or he simply forgot about it.11)A society should respect both its scientists andits garbage collectors.12)He is miserly both with his money and withhis time.5.Identify and correct the mistakes. Note there is no mistake in two of the sentences.1)I will phone you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.2)We can hardly imagine what life will be like in 50 years.3)What are we going to do if Edith won’t help us? (No mistake in this sentence. Here “if…will” is possible when will expresses “willingness”.)4)Please be seated, everyone. The show is about to begin. (Use “be about to do sth” to say that something will happen almost immediately. “Will” is not used.)5)It is predicted tha t in about ten years’ time, China will be able to send man to the Moon. (“To be able to do sth” is used to say it is possible for someone or something to do something.)6)Drop in whenever you please. You’ll always be welcome. (Adverbs of frequency, such as always, usually, often, sometimes, etc, usually go immediately in front of the main verb.) 7)Neither his parents, nor his brother was able to come to his performance. (The main verb agrees with the noun phrase introduced bynor.)8)Both her friends and her English teacher believe she will win the talent contest.9)My father regards creativity both as a gift and as a skill. (Normally, the two items connected by emphasizing coordinating conjunctions should be expressed in the same grammatical form, here, two prepositional phrases.)10)We can either do it now or after class—it’s up to you. (No mistake. Though the two items “now” and “after class” aren’t the same grammatical form, this is acceptable because we can regard them as condensed from “We can either do it now or do it after class.” Therefore, the two items can also be different grammatical forms serving the same grammatical function, here, both adverbials.)Unit 2Preview1. Listen to the recording of the text and fill in the blanks in the following sentences.1)racial equality2)civil rights; linger on3)husband; quite a good husband/veryconsiderate; liberal; racial4)considered; unprepared5)give his wife; had admitted6)found out; pressing7)look; argued about such serious matters8)perfectly normal; tolerate9)are different culturally10)culturally and socially; racialsegregation11)white; married; a perfect stranger2. Read the text for better comprehension andanswer the questions.1) “pitch in” means “to join with other people indoing a job”. In the expression “to pitch abaseball”, the word “pitch” means “to throw”.“to pitch a tent” means “to put up a tent 支帐篷. “pitch dark” means “as dark as pitch” 漆黑—pitch means 沥青“housework” means the work you do to keep your house clean and tidy; “homework” means thework a teacher gives to a student to do out ofclass.2) After thinking of all aspects of the mattercarefully.We can assume that he would have considered the difficulties and problems he believed itwould bring to his life if he married a blackwife.3)He knew there would be an unpleasant quarrel,and that it was wiser for him just to keep hismouth shut. This shows that they have hadprevious serious disagreements. This was notthe first time.It shows that the man has seldom taken his wife seriously.4) “you coming along…and implying…”is thecomplex object of “need”.If he weren’t a racist, he would not say no, since his wife is exactly the same person except for her skin color.5) No. It is clear that the wife is using an ironicaltone.No. The man is using a common excuse of white racists who try to justify their prejudice based on different skin color by using a seemingly more neutral and respectable term “cultural differences”.6) To show that he found the situation very annoying.Normally it means “what I sa y is absolutely true”, but here he means “It is true not because I am saying it. I have statistics to prove this.”7) She said it contemptuously.She was getting angry.8) Because his wife keeps mimicking him, showing that she thinks what he said was ridiculous and hypocritical.9) Like “Oh boy’ or “My God”, it is to show hisAnger, as if saying “Don’t start on that again. I’m fed up.”10) Still unmarried.11) His wife remained angry.12) to recognize sth as a result of knowledge, Experience or evidence.” 看得出来She saw clearly that her husband hesitated before he answered the question, and he hesitated because he was trying to get out of this embarrassing situation.13) She wanted him to give her his true answer.14) It shows his reluctance to give this answer.15)Her indifference implies contempt. It would naturally hurt her husband.16) “to be at it” here means doing something else that follows from doing the primary thing. (While he was doing the dishes, doing housework stuff, and he couldn’t think of anyt hing else to do, he would mop the floor)No, he was embarrassed and angry too. He continued the housework to cover up his anger and show his indifference in return.17) He is ashamed of being made to lose his temper. He thinks it was foolish of him to take his wife so seriously. He obviously does not view his wife as his intellectual equal.18) He is going to change his answer.No, he just wants to humor his wife, and he does not think the issue that important anyway.19) He was hoping that now that he had said he would marry her even if she were black, she would forgive him. When his wife asked him to turn off the light, he expected her to join him. So he said “All right” meaning “I’ve turned off the light as you asked me to. Come on.”20) It shows that this was not the first time since they had married that he had felt his wife was a stranger to him.V ocabulary1. Do the following exercises on word formation rules.1) Identify suffixes through comparing thefollowing words.(1) Suffix “–ware”, meaning objects made of a particular material(2) Suffix “–ics”, meaning the science or art of.(3) Suffixes “–c” and “–ical”, meaning of,characteristic of, or belonging to.2) Turn the following into their opposite byadding “in-” or “un-”1.unjust2.injustice3.unequal4.inequality5.unable6.inability7.invisible8.uncountable9.unavoidable10.unbelievable11.invaluable12.insignificant13.inseparable14.unbalanced15.uncomfortable16.uncommonrmal18.unconditional19.inedible20.uneatable21.unconscious22.unaware23.inaudible24.unavailable25.inefficient26.unfair27.unfamiliar28.unfriendly29.indirect30.unfortunate31.ungrateful32.inconsiderate33.unhappy34.unimportant35.incompetent36.unlucky37.unlimited38.incomplete39.incapable40.unnecessary41.unreasonable42.inappropriate43.unpleasant44.unofficial45.unpopular46.inadequate3）Give derivatives of the following words.(1) economy: economist; economic;economical; economically; economize(2) critical: critic; critically; criticize ;criticism(3) consider: considerate, inconsiderate,considerable, considerably, consideration, considering2. Translate the following collocations into English.1) do/wash the dishes2) pinch one’s brows together3) repeat one’s words4) press one’s lips tight5）squeeze fruits6) rinse clothes7) spray cool water8) take a reasonable tone9) take a deep breath10）win a victory11) win the argument12) demonstrate one’ s indifference13) hurt sb’s feelings14) wipe the counters15) mop the floor.16) call sb’s name.2.Give antonyms of the following words.1) dislike/hate;2) unlike3) inconsiderate4) small/insignificant/average5) deep/profound6) unreasonable7) wise/smart/clever/bright8) untrue/false9) unsteady/unstable/shaky10) heavy/weighty11) dark/dim12) loosen13) incompetence14) keen/interested/enthusiastic/sympathetic15) material/physical16) implicit/implied/general4. Rewrite the sentences, replacing the phrases in bold type with the appropriate expressions in their proper forms.1) It’s okay with me; you might as well2) You can take my word for it; break up.3) came up with the same idea4) come to my aid5) for our children’s sake6) acted out of concern for my health7) All things considered8) he’s at it; for our part9) pitch in10) He wished to make it up to him.5. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions or adverbs.1) into; up.2) at; in.3) out of; for; to4) up; for; of5) about; out with6) about; onto7) with; with; to; into; out; with8) up; to; at9) on; up6. Translate the following into English.1）You know what? All things considered, it’s not a bad idea to be a teacher. A s a matter of fact, I think it is an excellent idea. 2）I don’t like it when you take a sarcastic tone the way you just did. You seem to be implying all the time that I am a good fornothing.3）It is really considerate of my father to leave the final decision to me. I must say I am very lucky. Not many people have such a terrific father.4）You said you do not want any money. You may not want money, but you do need money. I don’t see what’s wrong with students earning some money during their spare time.5）Somehow this tune sounds very familiar, but I can’t recall what it is. In any case it is a Russian folk song.6）Besides the usual weekend housework, I also have a whole pile of homework to do tomorrow. It’s really terrible.7）To demonstrate our unhappiness over the recent dispute, we put off our Foreign Minister’s visit indefinitely.8）It’s getting dark. The next town is still two hours drive away. We might as well camp in the forest, pitch a tent, build a fire,and have a good sleep before we continueour journey tomorrow.9）I am really shocked to hear people saythey do not consider cheating at examsshameful. Isn’t that the most shameful thingthat we should be incapable of feelingashamed?Grammar1.Learn to use “the way” with relative clauses.1.P oint out the function of the noun phrasein the following sentences.1)adverbial modifier (状语) 2)predicative (表语)3)object of the verb like (宾语) 4)object of in(介词宾语)5)subject (主语)2.C ombine each pair of thesentences using, “the way +relative clause” as shown inthe example.1)Bill’s fri ends were impressed by the way he faced his incurable disease.2)The way the stranger looked at me made me uncomfortable.3)The way the man used a screwdriver showed that he couldn’t be a carpenter.4)Watch your teacher’s lips carefullyand say the word the way she does.5)I agree with what he said, but I can’t tolerate the way he said it.6)People are anxiously watching the way things will work out in their country.7)The way the dispute between labor and management was settled surprised the public.8)The way the policeman discussed the case with the criminals’ parents convinced them that they should cooperate.9)From the way he walked, I could tell that something was wrong with his leg.Or. The way he walked showed that something was wrong with his leg. 10)The way they talked to her madeher suspect that they were keepingsomething from her.2.Rewrite the sentences using the “with + noun + preposition phrase / participle / adjective” construction. 1)Professor Liu walked into theclassroom with a few books underhis arm.2)The old man was dozing off in anarmchair with a magazine on hislap.3)Under the bridge, the police founda man lying dead, with a knife in hischest.4)He walked out of his boss’s officewith his head held high.5)When a guest arrived, the hostessgreeted him/her politely, with asmile on her face.6)In September, the school came tolife again, with children playing andrunning on the playground.7)With the Moon Festival only amonth away, shops are promotingtheir moon cakes.8)With their children gown up andgone, the old couple sometimes feellonely.9)With all the packing finished, thefamily could now sit down and havesome tea.10)With a big bag on her shoulder,the old woman moved slowly in thesnow.3.Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.(1) used (2) friendly (3) both(4) sorry (5) remind (6) mean(7) depends (8) shocked (9) phone (10) arm4.Translate the sentences using “the way + relative clause” or “with + noun + complement” phrase.1)That was the way people lived theirlives in my day.2)Mrs. Jones loved her students theway she loves her own children.3)The farmer’s wife doesn’t like theway some young people treat theirparents.4)With Big Yao on the team, I’m surethey’ll beat their rivals.5)The man was sitting in his armchair,with his face buried in his hands.。

现代大学英语-第二版-精读2-课后翻译句子Unit-1---Unit-11Unit 11)我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。

我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对那些问题。

I t is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose themto all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens. 2)随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多地卷入国际事务。

而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。

A s time goes on we are inevitably going to get more and more involved in international affairs.And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests between nations.3)我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。

但是我们永远不能变的狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。

W e are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends.4)信息现在唾手可得。

一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。

I nformation is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of a smalllibrary5)那家公司没有资格操作这个项目。

《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及答案Unit 1Unit 1Task 1【答案】A.1) She wanted to see St. Paul’s Cathedral.2) She was so surprised because she saw so many Englishmen who looked alike.3) They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats, carrying umbrellas and newspapers.4) Because she had often read about them and seen photographs of them, who all looked as if they were wearing a uniform.5) No, he didn’t.6) He used the English saying “It takes all kinds to make a world” to prove his opinion.B.If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea it would be! And if all the trees were one tree, what a great tree it would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash there would be!【原文】Yesterday morning Gretel went to the City of London. She wanted to see St. Paul's Cathedral. She was surprised to see so many Englishmen who looked alike. They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats. They were all carrying umbrellas and newspapers. When she returned home she asked Mr clark about these strange creatures. "They must be typical English gentlemen," she said." I have often read about them and seen photographs of them. They all look as if they are wearing a uniform. Does the typical English gentleman still exist"Mr. Clark laughed. "I've never thought about it," he answered." It's true that many of the men who work in the City of London still wear bowler hate and Isuppose they are typical Englishmen. But look at this." Mr. Clark picked up a magazine and pointed at a photo of a young man. "He's just as typical, perhaps. It seems as if there is no such thing as a 'typical' Englishman. Do you know the English saying 'It takes all kinds to make a world' That's true of all countries-including England."“Oh, just like the poem ‘If All the Seas Were One Sea’,” Gretel began to hum happily. If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea that would be! If all the trees were one tree, what a great tree that would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, w hat a great splash that would be!”Task 2【答案】A.1) people were much busier2) colder than England; minus thirty degrees; last longer3) much more mountainous; much higher and much more rocky; more beautiful4) tend to be more crowded5) the houses; smallerB.1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) F【原文】John is British but has worked in Japan. Etsuko is Japanese from Osaka, but she is studying in Britain. In the following passage you are going to hear, they are comparing life as they see it in the two countries. But before listening to it, think of the two countries and try to answer the following pre-listening questions.John: I found that living in Japan, people were busier. They seem to work the whole day.Etsuko: Yes, that’s right. We work from Monday through Saturday, even in summer.You know, summer in Japan is just horrible. It’s very, very humid and hot, and you need to shower three times a day.John: So you find it cooler in England？Etsuko: Yes, that’s right.John: Where I was living in Japan, in the North, it was much colder than England, especially in winter, minus thirty degrees centigrade. Does the winter in Osaka last longer than the winter in England？Etsuko: No, I don’t think so. December, January, February, March.John: Yes. It’s a little bit shorter if anything.Etsuko: Ever since I came here, I noticed that the countryside here in England is very beautiful.John: It’s much flatter than in Japan.Etsuko: Yes. Japan is a mountainous country and our cities are full of people. There are lots of people in a limited flat area.John: Yes, I found Japan much more mountainous than Britain, especially in the north. The mountains are much higher and much more rocky. I found it more beautiful than Britain, I think.Etsuko: Yes, if you like mountains.John: And therefore the towns and villages tend to be more crowded.Etsuko: Yes, that’s right.John: Yes. So because the cities are more crowded, the houses tend to be smaller, don’t they？Etsuko: Yes, they are very compact, and we don’t hav e a lot of space. In big cities we have a lot of taller buildings now.John: Is this a problem because there are more earthquakes in Japan？Etsuko: Yes, that’s right and…Task 3【答案】A.1) In the US, people usually dance just to enjoy themselves; they don’t invite other people to watch them.2)Usually eight people dance together.3)Because people form a square in dancing with a man and a woman on each side ofthe square.4) He usually makes it into a song.5) They wear old-fashioned clothes.B.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) TC.1) eight people form a square; on each side of the square2) what they should do; makes it into a song; sings it3) don’t have much time to think4) old-fashioned clothes【原文】Rosa: Why don’t you have folk dances in the United States Most countries have special dances that the people have done for many years. The dancers wear clothes from the old days. Everyone likes to watch them dance.Steve: We have folk dances, too. A lot of people belong to folk dancing groups. But when they dance, they usually do it just to enjoy themselves. They don’t invite other people to watch them.Rosa: Is there a folk dancing group hereSteve: I think so. There must be. There’s one in almost every city, and some big cities have several.Rosa: What are the dances likeSteve: Usually eight people dance together, four men and four women. When they start, they form a square, with a man and a woman on each side of the square. That’s why it’s called square dancing.Then there’s a man who tells the dancers what they should do. He usually makes it into a song. He sings it while they dance.Rosa: Oh, that should make the dances easy!Steve: Yes, but they are very fast. They don’t have much time to think. I like to watch them, though. The dancers wear old-fashioned clothes. That makes the dances pretty to watch.Rosa: I’d like to watch a group dance.Steve: I’ll take you sometime.Task 4【答案】1) It was a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring.2) They burned the picture of their kitchen god to bring good luck.3) The custom said the brides must wear “something old, something new, somethingborrowed, and something blue” to bring good luck.4)Because they could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so theytried to use up these things before Lent began.5)It was a straw man made by children in Czech; it was a figure of death.6)People brought their animals to church. And before the animals went into thechurch people dressed them up in flowers and ribbons.【原文】1) On the evening of February 3rd, people in Japanese families took one dried bean for each year of their age and threw the beans on the floor, shouting "Good luck in! Evil spirits out!" This was known as "Setsubun", a time to celebrate the endof winter and the beginning of spring.2) Before the Chinese Lunar New Year in the old days, many Chinese families burned the picture of their kitchen god to bring good luck. When Lunar New Year's Day came, they put ancw picture of the kitchen god on the wall.3) When American women got married, they sometimes followed an old custom in choosing what to wear on their wedding day. The custom said the bride must wear "something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue". This was to bring good luck.4) Before Lent (a time on the Christian calendar), the people of Ponti, Italy ate an omelet made with 1,000 eggs. People could not eat meat, eggs or dairy products during Lent, so they tried to use up these things before Lent began.5) When winter ended in Czech, the children made a straw man called "Smrt", which was a figure of death. They burned it or threw it in the river. After they destroyed it, they carried flowers home to show the arrival of spring.6) January 17th was St. Anthony's Day in Mexico. It was a day when people brought their animals to church. But before the animals went into the church, the people dressed them up in flowers and ribbons. This ceremony was to protect people's animals.Task 5【答案】A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) TB.【原文】Man: Well, I think life used to be much more fun than it is now. I mean, look at the Victorians. They had lots of servants to do all the work; they never had to do any cooking or cleaning; they just wore those beautiful dresses and went to tea parties.Woman: You must be joking! Their clothes were terribly uncomfortable and their tea parties were very formal and boring. They used to wear their hats and long gloves even when they were eating cakes and biscuits. And men were not usually invited.Man: Really Weren't theyWoman: And think of the poor servants. What a terrible life — just cleaning and cooking for other people all the time!Man: But you hate housework!Woman: Yes, I know, but there are lots of machines now to help you with the housework.People don't need servants.Man: Maybe they don't, but life then was much slower than it is now-people nowadays are always rushing, and they never have time to stop and enjoy themselves. Woman: Life then was fine for the rich, but it was dreadful for the poor. There was much more illness. They didn't have the money to pay doctors, and they often used to die of illnesses that don't exist in England now.Man: Maybe. But people used to talk to each other, play the piano or play cards together. Nowadays people just sit in front of the television for hours and never talk to each other.Woman: I agree with you about television; but what about their children They left their Children with the servants all day. Children hardly ever saw their parents! And the clothes they had to wear! Horrible, tight, uncomfortable, grown-up clothes. Children have a much better life now than they used to, and schools and education are much better too.Man: I hate school.Woman: And look at opportunities for women. In those days, women used to stay at home, play the piano, change their clothes several times a day and have tea parties. What a life! They didn't have any freedom at all. I'm very happy living now. I can work, have a career, do what I want to.Man: You mean you can work hard all your life like a Victorian servant. Woman: Life isn't all tea parties, you know.Task 6【答案】A.1) b 2) a 3) c 4) aB.1) family unit; process; change; used to be; the extended; the nuclear2) job patterns; progressed; agricultural; industrial; forced; job opportunities; split up3) traditional; family; expanded; other living arrangementsC.1) mother, father, children, and some other relatives, such as grandparents, livingin the same house or nearby2)only the parents and the children3)previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from formermarriages into a new family【原文】The American family unit is in the process of change. There used to be mainly two types offamilies: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family most often included mother, father, children, and some other relatives, such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as job patterns changed and the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people were forced to move to different parts of the country for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family became more prevalent; this consisted of only the parents and the children. Now besides these two types of traditional groupings, the word "family" is being expanded to include a variety of other living arrangements.Today's family can be made up of diverse combinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there is an increase in single parent homes: a father or mother living with one or more children. "Blended families" occur when previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, some couples are deciding not to have any children at all, so there is an increase in childless families. There are also more people who live alone: single, widowed, divorced. Now one in five Americans lives alone.Task 7【答案】A.B.1) c 2) c 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) c 7) c【原文】In Japan both men and women go to university and both men and women study the arts such as history or English. But very few women study science, medicine or engineering. In engineering classes of thirty or forty students, there may be only one or two women. Men and women both go to university in order to get good jobs: men want to work for a big company, be successful, earn a lot of money and support a family; women, on the other hand, want to work for a big company because they have a better chance of meeting a successful man and getting married. This is changing, however, as Japanese women begin to think about their own careers. They have beganto take jobs which they like rather than jobs in order to find a husband.Men work for their whole lives and usually stay with the same company. A woman may work up to ten years, but after that she usually gets married. Most women are married by the age of twenty seven, then they stay at home and look after the children.A man does not cook or look after the children. When he comes home, his meal must be ready. The woman may go out in the afternoon, shopping with her friends or having a chat, but she must go back home by four o'clock to prepare the meal. Then she may have to wait a long time for her husband to come home. Often he has to go out for a drink after work: if he doesn't he may not rise very high in the company. After her children grow up, a woman can go back to work, but it is not easy. If her former company takes older women back, she might be lucky. But most women find it difficult to find a job when they are older.Task 8【答案】A.1) a 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) c 6) b 7) c 8) bB.1) T 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) F 8) F 9) T 10) F【原文】Matthew: Geth, how do people set about getting married in EnglandGeth: I suppose the most common way is still for people to go home. For example, people who live in London now will go back to their homes in the provinces where they'll meet all their relatives and their parents, and they'll get married in a church, with the bride wearing white, the traditional white.Then they'll go off and have a booze-up with their relatives and friends and a jolly good time will be had by all. Otherwise you can get married ina registry office, which means you turn up with your bride-to-be orbridegroom-to-be with two witnesses only. The ceremony takes about five minutes, I suppose. You sign the form and that's it.Matthew: There are many today who say that marriage is a complete waste of time.What's your view of marriage in the twentieth centuryGoth: Well, I live in London as you know. I think in London, the tendency is to...for a... boy and girl, man or woman to live together before marriage and often to live together without any prospect of marriage at all. I think this probably is... is true of London and the other big cities than elsewhere, because after all people in London are living in a big place where home ties are obviously less restrictive. They can do more or less as they please andI think this is the pattern.Matthew: But do you think it helps for people to live together before taking their vowsGeth: I think in a sense the habit of living together before marriage may, ina strange sort of way, make marriage stronger, because after all the peoplewill know each other better when they do get married and it might be suggested that divorce would be less likely between such a couple.Matthew: Sue, you've been married for two or three years now. How's it working out Sue: I think it's a successful marriage. It's... I mean, it's difficult to say why, because we basically suit each other very much. We have a goodfriendship, apart from anything else, and, you know, we just go together very well because we respect each other's freedom and individuality, but on the other hand we really need each other, you know, it's... Matthew: What about.., have you thought of having childrenSue: Well, obviously, like most young couples, we have thought about it, but, you know, we both feel rather, sort of, loath to lose our freedom just yet.I think we'll probably wait another few years.Matthew: Is it easy in England today to people to get divorced, or is that quite difficultChris: I think technically it's probably fairly easy, I think, because I'm not English but, I think technically it's fairly easy to be... to get divorced.But it's not just the technicality of it which is the problem. Divorce is...is a social stigma which people can probably Cope with to varying degrees, but it's also a lot easier for the man because the woman, after she is divorced is, in fact, frowned upon by... by a lot of people in society. She is... is...at a... a much more difficult social position in terms of... of meeting other men, or whatever, simply because she is a divorcee.Task 9【原文】Social customs and ways of behaving change. But they do not necessarily always change for the better. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in the room.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable — especially if they are your guests. There is a story about a rich nobleman who had a very formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. Other guests were amused or shocked, but the nobleman calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.。