政府工作报告词汇(翻译用)

翻译室 2010年温家宝政府工作报告中英文词汇及表达（一）城镇居民人均可支配收入the per capita disposable income of urban residents农村居民人均纯收入the net per capita income of rural residents全面建设小康社会building a moderately prosperous society中华民族的向心力和凝聚力the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation积极的财政政策a proactive fiscal policy适度宽松的货币政策a moderately easy monetary policy应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis结构性减税structural tax reductions货币信贷快速增长rapidly increased supplies of money and credit直接融资direct financing居民消费consumer spending中央财政投入资金 450亿元，补贴家电汽车摩托车下乡、汽车家电以旧换新和农机具购置The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes. Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools. We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles小排量汽车购置税the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles 住房交易相关税收taxes on buying and selling homes支持自住性住房消费support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences我们发挥政府投资“四两拨千斤”的作用，引导带动社会投资We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.中央政府公共投资the central government's public investment保障性住房、农村民生工程、社会事业投资investment in. low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设投资investment in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement投资快速增长有效弥补了外需下降的缺口，加强了薄弱环节，为经济社会长远发展奠定了坚实的基础Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development汶川地震灾后恢复重建the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work………………………………待续……………………………………….。

建设一个富强、民主、文明的国家\\ build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country关系国计民生的大事\\ matters vital to national well being and the people's livelihood人民生活水平\\ quality of life; the living standards生活费用\\ cost of living; income maintenance; subsistence cost生活费收入\\ income available for cost of living新生儿死亡率\\ infant mortality rate; neonatal mortality rate预期寿命\\ life expectancy教育程度\\ educational status; education received教育程度比率\\ educational attainment ratio失业率\\ rate of unemployment过紧日子\\ tighten one's belt对口扶贫\\ provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions脱贫\\ lift off poverty; cast off poverty过温饱生活\\ live a life at a subsistent level小康生活\\ enjoy a fairly comfortable life; be moderately better off实现小康目标\\ attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life安居工程\\ housing project for low-income families安居小区\\ a neighborhood for low-income families物业管理\\ estate management, property management复式住宅\\ compound apartment福利分房\\ buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one workswith加快住房分配货币化进程\\ capitalization process of housingdistribution/allocation社会保障\\ social security政府主导计划\\ government-sponsored programs个人自愿计划\\ voluntary private plans医疗保险\\ medical insurance伤残保险\\ disability insurance失业保险\\ unemployment insurance养老保险\\ retirement insurance退休基金\\ pension fund强制性普及方案\\ universally compulsory program面临困境\\ face adverse conditions精算界\\ actuarial profession精算师\\ actuaries对保障方案进行精算评估\\ Security programs should undergo actuarial review.裁定保险赔偿\\ adjudication of benefits社会保障“三条保障线”制度\\ social security system of “three guarantees”国企下岗职工基本生活保障\\ guarantee of basic cost of living allowancesfor workers laid off from state-owned enterprises失业保险\\ guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits城镇居民最低生活保障\\ guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险\\ Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory inurban areas.补发拖欠的离退休人员统筹项目内的养老金\\ All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.提高部分优抚对象抚恤标准\\ Allowances for certain disabled service men andwomen and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.带薪分流\\ assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing themto retain their original rank and benefits待业人员\\ job seekers生活待遇\\ material amenities待遇优厚的工作\\ a well-paid job定向培训\\ training for specific posts岗位培训\\ on-job training扫除青壮年文盲\\ eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people实现基本普及九年义务教育\\ The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.争取实现高等教育大众化\\ work to make regular higher education accessible tothe majority of young people推进素质教育\\ push ahead with education for all-around development应试教育\\ examination-oriented education system创新精神\\ be innovation-minded; to have a creative mind211 工程\\ 211 Project培养创新精神和实践能力\\ help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation 促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展\\ ensure that students improve in terms oftheir moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in theirappreciation of aesthetics切实减轻中小学生过重的课业负担\\ effectively reduce too heavy homeworkassignments for primary and secondary school students后勤服务社会化\\ make logistic services independent in their operation大力推行个人助学信贷\\ Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.招生就业指导\\ enrolment and vocation guidance中专生\\ secondary specialized or technical school student代培\\ training-on-contract program代培生\\ trainee on contract在职博士生\\ on-job doctorate大专文凭\\ associate degree (conferred to junior college students)研究生毕业证/学位证\\ graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma积极发展民办教育\\ Efforts should be made to develop schools not operatedby government education departments.贵族学校\\ exclusive school（美）; select school（英）失学儿童\\ dropouts自学成才\\ self-taught and self-made person; become a qualified professional through self-taught way行行出状元\\ Every profession produces its own leading authority.建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府\\ build a clean and diligent, pragmatic andefficient government坚持“两手抓、两手都要硬”的方针\\ adhere to the principle of “doing two jobsat once and attaching equal importance to each”高度重视精神文明建设\\ pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress深入扎实地开展群众性精神文明创建活动\\ Extensive public participationactivities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.文明城市\\ model city; culturally advanced city; city cited for high moral and cultural standards社会公德\\ social morality有公德心\\ be civic-minded职业道德\\ ethics of profession家庭美德\\ family virtues坚持正确的舆论导向\\ maintain the correct orientation for public opinion思想道德建设（思想政治工作）\\ moral education among people树立正确的价值观、世界观、人生观\\ help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life继续开展“扫黄打非”斗争\\ The fight against pornography, illegal publicationsand piracy shall be continued.反对迷信\\ be against superstition舆论导向\\ direction of public opinion舆论监督\\ supervision by public opinion加强舆论监督\\ ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质\\ promote family planning and controlthe population size and improve the health of the people加强计划生育工作\\ further improve family planning努力稳定低生育水平\\ work to stabilize the low birth rate人口出生率\\ birth rate自然增长率\\ natural growth rate人口增长的高峰期\\ baby boom人口增长与社会经济发展相协调\\ try to keep population growth in line withsocial and economic development计划生育责任制\\ responsibility system of family planning搞好优生优育\\ promote good prenatal and postnatal care抓好农村和流动人口计划生育管理与服务\\ devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population认真贯彻实施中国妇女、儿童发展纲要\\ The programs for the development of workconcerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.独生子女\\ the only child小家庭\\ nuclear family大家庭\\ extended family单亲家庭\\ single parent family人口老龄化\\ aging of population人口年轻化\\ rejuvenation of population关心和支持残疾人事业\\ Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.关心老龄人\\ care for senior citizens.社会治安状况好转\\ see an improved law-and-order situation恶性犯罪\\ major crimes破案率\\ rate of solved criminal cases戒毒所\\ drug rehabilitation center政府工作报告常用词汇（二）保险业\\ The insurance industry保证重点支出\\ Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉\\ annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金\\ Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款\\ Non-performing loan层层转包和违法分保\\ Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值\\ output value城乡信用社\\ Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障\\ A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度\\ The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查\\ data from the sample survey出口信贷\\ Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy贷款质量\\ Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法\\ The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业\\ secondary industry第三产业\\ tertiary industry第一产业\\ primary industry独资企业\\ wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量\\ electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用\\ to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快\\ excessive growth防范和化解金融风险\\ Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程\\ Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易\\ Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分\\ non-public sectors非贸易收汇\\ Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构\\ Non-bank financial institutions费改税\\ Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式\\ forms of distribution风险资金\\ risk funds副业\\ sideline production改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。

【两会热点英文翻译！！！你一定会用到的！！！两会英文热点翻译！！！】来源：张旭阳Mitchell的日志“两会”指全国人民代表大会(the National People's Congress) 和中国人民政治协商会议(the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference)。

有人把“两会”译为the two meetings, 在中国人看来这样译没有问题；但在对外报道和宣传中最好说清楚。

一起来学习有关两会的英语吧！两会：the two sessions人大：NPC （National People's Congress）政协：CPPCC （Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference）全国政协十一届四次会议：the Forth Session of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)全国政协委员：CPPCC National Committee members政府工作报告：government work report反分裂法：the Anti-Secession Law民众最关心之事：the public top concerns住房问题：housing issues对环境保护的认识：awareness for environmental protection贫富差距：rich-poor gap国务院：the State Council房地产市场：the real estate market第一次有农民工代表：have migrant workers' deputies for the first time医疗和社会安全：medical care and social security两会报道：the coverage of the two sessions非党内人士：non-Communists留守孩子：children left behind记者招待会：press conference中国最高立法机关，全国人大：China's top legislature, NPC经济议题：economic issues外国记者：overseas reporters; foreign journalists旁听两会：audit the two sessions深化政治改革：deepen political reforms国家经济和社会发展的十一五计划：the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development建设社会主义新农村：building a new socialist countryside政协递交了两万三千个提案：The CPPCC handled over 23,000 proposals.和谐社会：a harmonious society建设新型国家：construct an innovative country循环经济：circular economy从紧的货币政策：tight monetary policy消费价格：consumer price价格上涨：price hike通货膨胀：inflation经济过热：overheated economy最低工资制度：minimum wage system居民消费价格指数：consumer price index (CPI)反腐败：fight (against) corruption科学发展观：Scientific Outlook on Development坚持以人为本，树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观。

政府工作报告常用英语词汇建设一个富强、民主、文明的国家；build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country关系国计民生的大事；matters vital to national well being and the people's livelihood人民生活水平；quality of life; the living standards生活费用；cost of living; income maintenance; subsistence cost 生活费收入；income available for cost of living新生儿死亡率；infant mortality rate; neonatal mortality rate预期寿命；life expectancy教育程度；educational status; education received教育程度比率；educational attainment ratio失业率；rate of unemployment过紧日子；tighten one's belt对口扶贫；provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions脱贫；lift off poverty; cast off poverty过温饱生活；live a life at a subsistent level小康生活；enjoy a fairly comfortable life; be moderately better off实现小康目标；attain the goal of ensuring our people arelatively comfortable life安居工程；housing project for low-income families安居小区；a neighborhood for low-income families物业管理；estate management, property management复式住宅；compound apartment福利分房；buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one workswith加快住房分配货币化进程；capitalization process of housingdistribution/allocation社会保障；social security政府主导计划；government-sponsored programs个人自愿计划；voluntary private plans医疗保险；medical insurance伤残保险；disability insurance失业保险；unemployment insurance养老保险；retirement insurance退休基金；pension fund强制性普及方案；universally compulsory program面临困境；face adverse conditions精算界；actuarial profession精算师；actuaries对保障方案进行精算评估；Security programs should undergoactuarial review.裁定保险赔偿；adjudication of benefits社会保障“三条保障线”制度；social security system of “three guarantees”国企下岗职工基本生活保障；guarantee of basic cost of living allowancesfor workers laid off from state-owned enterprises失业保险；guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits城镇居民最低生活保障；guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险；Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas. 补发拖欠的离退休人员统筹项目内的养老金；All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.提高部分优抚对象抚恤标准；Allowances for certain disabled service men andwomen and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.带薪分流；assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing themto retain their original rank and benefits待业人员；job seekers生活待遇；material amenities待遇优厚的工作；a well-paid job定向培训；training for specific posts岗位培训；on-job training扫除青壮年文盲；eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people实现基本普及九年义务教育；The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.争取实现高等教育大众化；work to make regular higher education accessible tothe majority of young people推进素质教育；push ahead with education for all-around development应试教育；examination-oriented education system创新精神；be innovation-minded; to have a creative mind211 工程；211 Project培养创新精神和实践能力；help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展；ensure that students improve in terms oftheir moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in theirappreciation of aesthetics切实减轻中小学生过重的课业负担；effectively reduce too heavy homeworkassignments for primary and secondary schoolstudents后勤服务社会化；make logistic services independent in their operation大力推行个人助学信贷；Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.招生就业指导；enrolment and vocation guidance中专生；secondary specialized or technical school student代培；training-on-contract program代培生；trainee on contract在职博士生；on-job doctorate大专文凭；associate degree (conferred to junior college students)研究生毕业证/学位证；graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma积极发展民办教育；Efforts should be made to develop schools not operatedby government education departments.贵族学校；exclusive school（美）; select school（英）失学儿童；dropouts自学成才；self-taught and self-made person; become a qualified professional through self-taught way行行出状元；Every profession produces its own leading authority.建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府；build a clean and diligent, pragmatic andefficient government坚持“两手抓、两手都要硬”的方针；adhere to the principle of “doing two jobsat once and attaching equal importance to each”高度重视精神文明建设；pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress深入扎实地开展群众性精神文明创建活动；Extensive public participationactivities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.文明城市；model city; culturally advanced city; city cited for high moral and cultural standards社会公德；social morality有公德心；be civic-minded职业道德；ethics of profession家庭美德；family virtues坚持正确的舆论导向；maintain the correct orientation for public opinion思想道德建设（思想政治工作）；moral education among people 树立正确的价值观、世界观、人生观；help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life继续开展“扫黄打非”斗争；The fight against pornography,illegal publicationsand piracy shall be continued.反对迷信；be against superstition舆论导向；direction of public opinion舆论监督；supervision by public opinion加强舆论监督；ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质；promote family planning and controlthe population size and improve the health of the people加强计划生育工作；further improve family planning努力稳定低生育水平；work to stabilize the low birth rate人口出生率；birth rate自然增长率；natural growth rate人口增长的高峰期；baby boom人口增长与社会经济发展相协调；try to keep population growth in line withsocial and economic development计划生育责任制；responsibility system of family planning搞好优生优育；promote good prenatal and postnatal care抓好农村和流动人口计划生育管理与服务；devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population认真贯彻实施中国妇女、儿童发展纲要；The programs for thedevelopment of workconcerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.独生子女；the only child小家庭；nuclear family大家庭；extended family单亲家庭；single parent family人口老龄化；aging of population人口年轻化；rejuvenation of population关心和支持残疾人事业；Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.关心老龄人；care for senior citizens.社会治安状况好转；see an improved law-and-order situation 恶性犯罪；major crimes破案率；rate of solved criminal cases戒毒所；drug rehabilitation center保险业；The insurance industry保证重点支出；Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉；annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金；Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款；Non-performing loan层层转包和违法分保；Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值；output value城乡信用社；Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城镇居民最低生活保障；A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度；The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查；data from the sample survey出口信贷；Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy贷款质量；Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法；The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业；secondary industry第三产业；tertiary industry第一产业；primary industry独资企业；wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量；electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用；to give play to the regulatory role of themarket发展过快；excessive growth防范和化解金融风险；Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程；Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易；Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分；non-public sectors非贸易收汇；Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构；Non-bank financial institutions费改税；Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式；forms of distribution风险资金；risk funds副业；sideline production改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。

政府工作报告热词——宏观经济篇（英汉对照）这些政府工作报告中的热词，你会用英语表达吗？快和小编一起来英语翻译中学习一下吧！从紧货币政策tight monetary policy稳健财政政策prudent fiscal policy宏观经济调控macroeconomic regulation政府临时调控government interim intervention经济增长模式mode of economic development固定资产投资反弹a resurgence in fixed asset investment货币信贷投放仍然偏多continued excessive supplies of money and credi流动性过剩excessive liquidity转型过程transformation process行政手段administrative measures螺旋式通胀spiraling inflation通胀压力inflationary pressure抑制通胀to hold down inflation次贷危机subprime mortgage crisis经济剧烈波动drastic fluctuations in the economy经济过热economic overheating防止经济过热to prevent the economy from overheating促进结构调整和协调发展to promote structural adjustment and balanced development减轻弱势群体负担ease the burden on the disadvantaged group增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出to increaseexpenditures necessary to shore up weak links, improve people’s lives and deepen reform。

句型1. 政府工作报告中“以…来”，可以放在句首处理为目的状语in an attempt to…2. 中国要怎么样… It’s imperative for China to…3. 坚持…的理念，秉持…的原则be committed to…4. 我们要努力… we will seek to…5. 在…的背景下Against the backdrop of…6. 有能力/条件做…be well positioned to do sth…7. 大力… make great efforts to…/work hard to…8. 旨在… seek to do…9. 目的是… with a view to…/with a purpose of doing…10. 极大推进give a strong boost to…11. 要…,是一个长期复杂的过程we still have a long way to go before we can do sth12. …取得进步/突破progress/break throughs has/have been made in…13. 我们要避免… the last thing we want to do is…14. 某地人口多少with a population of…/be home to a population of...15. 没有…就无法实现… It won't be possible without…注意▽政府工作报告中无主句，英译时，通常加上主语“we”或者用it形式主语。

▽政府工作报告一般都是“三步走”，1. 给出理念，指导方针或原则；2. 做什么；3. 结果/目的，翻译成英文时，每一步都单独成句。

▽政府工作报告多学习官方译文，不能过分讲求“雅”，“信”和“达”绝对要放在第一位，能直译的地方一定要直译，不要随意添加信息。

短语1. 加快speed up2. 资产规模asset（规模是范畴词，不译）3. 弘扬spread4. 走出去go global5. 社会主义市场经济体制socialist market economy （体制是范畴词，不译）6. 政府工作报告中，建立一般翻译为establishment，机制一般翻译为mechanism7. 监督机构regulator8. 政府工作报告中“矛盾”可以翻译成imbalance、issue、problem9. 互利共赢mutual benefit/win-win cooperation10. 构建build11. 维护世界和平safeguard world peace12. 新中国成立后after 194913. 共同家园shared homeland14. 奉行pursue15. 大国major power16. 求同存异seek common ground while reserving differences17. 网络经济cyber economy18. 兼顾balance19. 科技science and technology20. 研制research and development21. 市场化market-based22. 法制化law-based23. 竞争力competitive power24. 人口大国the most populous country25. 全球气候变暖global warming26. 公顷hectare27. 世界经济形势economic landscape worldwide28. 宏观调控macro-control29. 国情national condition/realities30. 创历史新高reach a new record31. 跨国公司multinational32. 中国人the Chinese people33. 必然选择inevitable path。

2017政府工作报告之汉英翻译经典表达序号中文英文备注1严峻挑战grave challenges重大关切graveconcern2全国各族人民the Chinese people 少数民族ethnic minorities56个民族ethnic groups中华民族the Chinese nation3推动经济社会持续健康发展drive forward sustained,healthy/sound economicand social development注意积累推动的同义替换词4根本利益fundamental interests名胜古迹places ofhistoric interest5全面建成小康社会finish building amoderately prosperoussociety in all respectsIn all respects=in allaspects6工业企业industrial enterprises7单位国内生产总值能耗Energy consumption perunit of GDP一次能源primaryenergy8再创新高reach another record high创新高hit a new/record high9高校毕业生college graduates10供给侧结构性改革supply-side structuralreform11工业产能合作industrial-capacity cooperation12个体工商户self-employed traders 13城市轨道交通设施urban rail transit facilities 14水利工程water conservancy projects15第四代移动通信用户4G mobile communicationssubscribers16市场主体market entities市场份额marketshare17光缆optical fiber cables18居民人均可支配收入Personal per capitadisposable income城镇居民人均可支配收入the per capitadisposable incomeof urban residents/urban per capitadisposable income农村居民人均纯收入the per capita netincome of ruralresidents/rural per capita netincome19棚户区rundown areas同义替换说法：shanty town20农村危房dilapidated rural houses21国内旅游domestic trips22出境旅游overseas trips 入境游inbound tourism出境游outbound tourism23调结构adjust the structure24积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy25财政赤字fiscal deficit可与赤字率一起记忆26营改增试点the trial replacement of business tax with value added tax(VAT)27稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy28多种货币政策工具a range of monetary policytools注意a range of的用法29实体经济real economy虚拟经济virtual economy30民间投资private investment31人民币汇率形成机制the RMB exchange rateregime32钢铁产能steel production capacity33企业兼并重组business acquisitions andreorganizations并购merger andacquisition34债转股debt-to-equity swaps 35资产负债率debt-to-asset ratio36“五险一金”缴费social security contributions37推动国有企业调整重组push ahead with reforms torestructure and reorganizestate-owned enterprises推动/推进：driveforward/pushahead with/movetoward/moveforward with/advance38混合所有制mixed ownership非公有制non-publicownership39放开养老服务市场open up the elderlyservices marketnursing home养老院40医疗器械medical equipment 41耕地轮作crop rotation42休耕fallow land43河长制the river chief system44推进“一带一路”建设push ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative45务实合作practical cooperation46特别提款权货币篮子Special Drawing Rights basket47深港通the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect48国家自主创新示范区national innovation demonstration zones49京津冀协同发展Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration50加快推进新型城镇化speed up efforts topromote new types ofurbanization加快：speed upefforts to do/movefaster to do/workfaster to do51户籍制度household registrationsystem52加强生态文明建设strengthen ecologicalconservation53强化大气污染治理take stronger measures against air pollution54优化能源结构improve the energy mix注意能源结构的英文55农村贫困家庭学生students from poor ruralfamilies经济困难家庭financiallychallenged families56学杂费tuition and miscellaneousfees57普通高中regular senior high schools 58长江流域the Yangtze basin59全民健身计划the Fitness for All initiative60打击违法犯罪crack down on crime andother violations打击crack downon/fight against61周边国家neighboring countries62社会各界all sectors of society 社会各界all walks of life/all circles of society63海外侨胞Chinese nationals overseas64财政收支矛盾fiscal imbalance资产负债表balancesheets65食品药品安全food and drug safety Food security粮食安全66科学发展观the Scientific Outlook on Development67适度扩大总需求expand aggregate demandas appropriateeconomic aggregate经济总量68基础设施比较完善a complete range of infrastructure69经济基本面economic fundamentals 70赤字率deficit-to-GDP ratio71培育壮大新动能develop new growthdrivers72三四线城市third-and fourth-tier cities 一线城市first-tier cities二线城市second-tier cities73公租房public rental housing 廉租房low-rent housing经适房affordable housing限价房capped-price housing定向安置房orientation placement housing74储蓄率savings rates75严重制约经济社会发展hold back economic and social development76实施精准扶贫implement targeted poverty reduction77扶贫poverty alleviation /reduction78革命老区old revolutionary bases注意形容词的排列顺序79提高资源配置效率make resource allocationmore effectiveMake sth+形容词的比较级80非公有制经济the non-public sector81药品加成markups on pharmaceuticals82事业单位public institutions社会事业socialprograms83全域旅游all-for-one tourism84大力发展乡村旅游make a big push to developrural tourism大力：make a bigpush to do/endeavor to do/make big moves todo/make majorefforts to do/workhard to do85实体店销售physical store sales实体店：brick andmortar shop86假冒伪劣产品counterfeit and substandard goods87虚假广告false advertising 88价格欺诈price fraud 89民用航空civil aviation90深化政府和社会资本合作promote public-private partnerships91开发区development zones 92产业园区industrial parks 93资源枯竭resource depletion94生态严重退化severe ecological degradation95加快建设海洋强国move faster to developChina into a strongmaritime country贸易强国：trading power96海绵城市sponge cities97推动实体经济优化结构upgrade the structure ofthe real economy出口结构exportmix98人才引进政策policies for bringing intalent from overseas引进：bring in sth99战略性新兴产业strategic emerging industries100分享经济the sharing economy共享单车：bike-sharing101提高社会资源利用效率enable greater efficiency in the use of resources102手机国内长途和漫游费mobile rates for domestic roaming and long-distancecalls103国际长途电话费rates for international calls104大力改造提升传统产业endeavor to transform and upgrade traditionalindustries105物联网the Internet of Things106新业态new forms of business新常态new normal107推动中国制造向中高端迈进moving toward mid-and high-end manufacturing108推进大众创业、万众创新encourage people to start businesses and makeinnovations109质量之魂，存于匠心Quality is born of workmanship110大力弘扬工匠精神promote workmanship111享誉世界enjoy international recognition112保障国家粮食安全ensure China’s foodsecurity113优质绿色农产品quality green agriculturalproducts114一二三产业primary,secondary,andtertiary industries注意英文说法，一二三并不是first,second和third115推进土地整治improve rural land116大力改造中低产田upgrade low-andmedium-yield cropland大力并未译出117高效节水灌溉highly water-efficientirrigationHighly意思是十分、非常118供销社supply and marketing cooperatives119退役军人demobilized militarypersonnel120国际产能合作international industrial-capacity cooperation121大力优化外商投资环境make big moves toimprove the environmentfor foreign investors注意环境前要加定冠词the122防范风险hedge against risks123国际贸易和投资自由化便利化the liberalization and facilitation of international trade and investment124公平竞争fair competition125标本兼治tackle both symptoms androot causes126推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖promote clean winter heating in the northernregion127燃煤小锅炉small coal-fired furnaces128优先保障可再生能源发电上网prioritize the integration of renewable energy sourcesinto the electric grid129加快秸秆资源化利用accelerate straw recycling130淘汰黄标车all higher-emission vehicles are scrapped131加快淘汰老旧机动车work faster to take old vehicles off the roads132国六标准燃油fuels that meet National-VI emission standards133治理雾霾人人有责Tackling smog is down toevery last one of us注意句型仿写134化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand135氨氮排放量ammonia nitrogen emissions136重点流域区域key drainage basins137农业面源污染agricultural pollution fromnon-point sources正说反译138普遍推行垃圾分类制度promote waste sorting139培育壮大节能环保产业strengthen energyconservation and environmental protectionindustries140推进生态保护和建设move forward withecological conservationand improvement注意生态建设的英文说法141完成退耕还林还草turn more than...hectares of marginal farmland into forests or grassland142大力促进就业创业strive to boost employmentand business startupsStrive to=endeavorto143加大就业培训力度strengthen employmenttraining加大投资力度：investmore144办好公平优质教育work to ensure that our people have access to equitable and quality education145常住人口permanent urban residents146持续改善薄弱学校办学条件improve conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools147国家拨款government grants 148世界一流大学world-class universities149高考制度the college entrance examination system150加强民族教育ensure ethnic minoritiesimprove their education民族教育指的是少数民族教育151老年教育education for senior citizens152加强教师队伍建设work to improve teacherperformanceEconomicperformance经济运行153继续教育continuing education154推进健康中国建设make continued progress in building a Healthy China155每年per annum156民族医药事业ethnic minority medicine157构建和谐医患关系interactions between doctor and patient are amicable158食品药品安全事关人民健康The safety of food and medicine is important to the health of our people159发展文化事业和文化产业develop cultural programsand industries注意文化事业的说法160加强社会主义精神文明建设foster stronger observance of socialist cultural and ethical standards161加强文物和非物质文化遗产保护利用China’s cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage receive effective protection and play fuller roles162大力推动全民阅读foster a love of reading in our people163提高基本公共文化服务均等化水平make basic public cultural services more equitable164推动中国文化走出去support efforts to share Chinese culture with other countries165推动社会治理创新explore new forms of socialgovernance创新做动词时，还可译为develop newways to do sth166工会trade unions167加快社会信用体系建设move faster to improve the social credit system168加强法治宣传教育heighten public awareness of rule of law169人命关天，安全至上ensure workplace safetyand protect people’s lives安全生产workplacesafety170道德行为ethical conduct 171道德诚信moral integrity172加大对民族地区发展支持力度increase support fordevelopment in areasinhabited mainly by ethnicminorities加大支持力度：increase support forsth173保护和发展少数民族优秀传统文化protect and develop thefine traditional cultures ofethnic minorities注意优秀传统的英文是fine tradition174中华民族the Chinese nation175海内外中华儿女all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation,both in and outside China176领土完整territorial integrity177世界政治经济格局international political andeconomic landscape注意格局的翻译，natural landscape意思是自然景观178坚定不移走和平发展道路keep to the path ofpeaceful developmentKeep to sth意思是坚持179维护国际秩序uphold the international order180打造人类命运共同体build a community of shared future for all humankind181解决全球性和地区热点问题addressing global andregional hotspot issues注意这里的问题不可译为problems182互信mutual trust 183推进民主advance democracy184深化平安中国建设continue to pursue the Peaceful China initiative185合法权益legitimate rights and interests186依法推进公益和慈善事业健康发展encourage sound and law-based public-interest activities and charity187共青团Communist Youth League organizations188城镇户口urban household registration189扩大优质教育资源覆盖面expand the reach of quality educational resources190缩小差距narrow the gap between Aand B191优先保障和改善民生prioritize efforts to ensureand improve the wellbeingof our people优先：prioritize sth/prioritize efforts todo192大力发展绿色金融make major efforts to develop green finance193发行债券issue bonds194实现优势互补draw on each other’s strengths195农村人居环境rural living environments196国有林区林场state forestry areas andfarms注意国有的翻译197打造粮食生产功能区create functional zones for grain production198城市群city clusters 199不良资产non-performing assets 200债券违约bond defaults。

高考英语热点素材：政府工作报告里提到的“碳达峰”“碳中和”如何翻译？等4则政府工作报告里提到的“碳达峰”“碳中和”如何翻译？在环境保护意识越来越强的今天，小伙伴们时常会遇到环保相关议题的翻译，比如碳排放、碳达峰、碳中和等等。

今天Yee君就和大家分享一下常在时政新闻中出现的“碳达峰”和“碳中和”相关的英语表达。

emission peak 碳达峰Emission peak refers to an inflection point of greenhouse gas emissions.碳达峰，是指二氧化碳排放总量达到历史最高值，由增转降的历史拐点。

carbon neutrality 碳中和Carbon neutrality refers to achieving net-zero carbon dioxide emissions.碳中和，即设法减少二氧化碳排放，最终实现净零排放的目标。

例句：The Paris Agreement on climate change charts the course for the world to transition to green and low-carbon development. It outlines the minimum steps to be taken to protect the Earth, our shared homeland, and all countries must take decisive steps to honor this Agreement. China will scale up its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions by adopting more vigorous policies and measures. We aim to have carbon dioxide emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.应对气候变化《巴黎协定》代表了全球绿色低碳转型的大方向，是保护地球家园需要采取的最低限度行动，各国必须迈出决定性步伐。

For four years in a row（连续四年）a year-on-year increase（比上年增加）reform and opening up policy（改革开放政策）social programs（社会事业）per capita（每人的，人均的）after adjusting for inflation（扣除价格因素）moderately prosperous society（小康社会）macroeconomic regulatory（宏观调控）new socialist countryside（社会主义新农村）pursuant to the law（依法）rural migrant workers in cities（农民工）surplus production capacity（生产力过剩）opened to traffic（通车）energy conservation（节能）state-owned enterprises（国有企业）civil servant（公务员）made breakthroughs（取得突破）compulsory education（义务教育）miscellaneous fees（杂费）boarding schools（寄宿制学校）distance education（远程教育）secondary vocational schools（中等职业学校）incorporated villages（行政村）unincorporated villages（自然村）After years of effort（经过多年努力）basic cost of living allowances（最低生活保障）autonomous regions（自治区）free our minds（解放思想）keep pace with the times（与时俱进）Chinese socialism（中国特色社会主义）social harmony（社会和谐）special administrative regions（特别行政区）prudent fiscal policy.（稳健的财政政策）boosting domestic demand（扩大内需）cutting-edge（前沿）displaced residents（（三峡）移民）non-publicly funded schools（民办学校）school year（学年）communicable diseases（传染病）social safety net（社会保障）discharged military personnel（退伍军人）pyramid schemes（传销）pilot project（试点）Income Tax（所得税）futures market（期货市场）high value-added（高附加值）high-end（高端）cutthroat competition（恶性竞争）combat corruption（反腐）hand over foot（大手大脚）plug up loopholes（堵塞漏洞）People's Armed Police（武警）starting point and objective（出发点和落脚点）socialist market economy（社会主义市场经济）Scientific Outlook on Development（科学发展观）harmonious socialist society（社会主义和谐社会）tailor measures to suit local conditions（因地制宜）South-to-North Water Diversion Project（南水北调）administrative examination and approval（行政审批）follow a realistic and pragmatic approach（实事求是）exercise activities for the general public（全民健身活动）large-scale development of the western region（西部大开发）processing industry for agricultural products（农产品加工业）municipalities directly under the central government（直辖市）primary, secondary and tertiary industry（第一第二第三产业）deliver a good report to the people.（向人民交出满意的答卷）socialist cultural and ethical progress（社会主义精神文明建设）give full play to the initiative of each.（充分发挥各自的积极性）registering the third consecutive annual increase（连续三年增加）physically and mentally challenged persons（残疾人，肢残和智残）resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.（资源节约型和环境友好型社会）ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.（让全体人民共享改革发展的成果）。

翻译话题词汇：社会发展类一、课堂词汇全国人民代表大会 National People’s Congress (NPC)中国人民政治协商会议 Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) 政府工作报告 Report on the Work of the Government1. 中国外交奉行独立自主的和平外交政策 pursue independent foreign policy of peace坚持走和平发展道路 adhere to the path of peaceful development维护世界和平 maintain world peace促进共同发展 promote common development和平共处五项原则 Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence对外开放（政策） (the policy of) opening to the outside world中国特色大国外交 great-power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics 和平 peace发展 development合作 cooperation共赢 mutual benefit构建人类命运共同体 build a community with a shared future for humanity全球治理体系变革 reform in the global governance system公正、合理的国际秩序 a fair and reasonable international order主动参与国际组织事务 actively get involved in international organization affairs反恐 anti-terrorism / counterterrorism重大自然灾害 major natural disasters环保 environmental conservation多边外交 multilateral diplomacy联合国系列峰会 a series of United Nations summits巴黎气候变化大会 Paris Climate Change Conference达沃斯世界经济论坛年会 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos 东亚合作领导人系列会议 a series of Leaders’ Meetings on East Asia Cooperation 主场外交 home diplomacy一带一路国际合作高峰论坛 the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议 the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Economic Leaders’ Meeting二十国集团领导人杭州峰会 the G20 (Group of Twenty) 2016 Summit in Hangzhou 金砖国家领导人厦门会晤 the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) Summit in Xiamen全方位、多层次、立体化的外交布局diplomatic agenda in a comprehensive, multilevel, multifaceted way营造良好的外部条件 create a favourable external environment同国际社会的互联互动空前紧密 be so interconnected with the international community 国家软实力 national soft power; soft power of a nation国际话语权 power of discourse in international politics国际地位 international status / standing / position国际影响力 international influence / influential power开放、包容、自信的负责任大国形象image of an open, inclusive, confident, responsible power2. 中国经贸经贸 economy and foreign trade保持快速、稳定的增长势头 maintain fast and steady growth momentum全球金融危机的爆发 the outbreak of the global financial crisis对世界经济增长的贡献 contribution to the world economic growth积极的财政政策 proactive fiscal policy稳健的货币政策 prudent monetary policy宏观经济调控 macroeconomic regulation and control国内生产总值 gross domestic product (GDP)人均可支配收入 per capita disposable income城镇新增就业人数 the number of new jobs added / created in urban areas失业率 the rate of unemployment规模以上工业企业利润 profits of industrial enterprises above designated size公共财政收入 public financial revenue货物贸易进出口总值 the total value of trade in goods (imports and exports)开放型经济 open economy倡导和推动共建“一带一路” advance the Belt and Road Initiative发起创办亚洲基础设施投资银行（亚投行）initiate the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)成立丝路基金 set up the Silk Road Fund促进贸易和投资自由化、便利化promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation自由贸易 free / unrestricted trade跨境电商 cross-border e-commerce利用外资 utilize foreign capital对外投资 invest in foreign countries推进经济全球化 promote economic globalization反对贸易保护主义 oppose trade protectionism通过平等协商解决贸易争端 settle trade disputes through equal consultation 签订自由贸易协定 sign a free trade agreement亚太自贸区 Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific东亚经济共同体 East Asian Economic Community国际货币基金组织 International Monetary Fund (IMF)特别提款权货币篮子 Special Drawing Rights (SDR)人民币国际化 the internationalization of RMB对外开放的扩大 open wider to the outside world促进自身的发展 promote China’s own development给世界带来机遇 bring opportunities to the world转变发展方式 transform the growth mode优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure转换增长动力 foster new drivers for growth新兴产业 emerging industry传统产业 traditional industry消费、投资、出口 consumption, investment and exports三次产业 three industries农业 agriculture工业 industry服务业 service sector供给侧结构性改革 supply-side structural reform制度变革 institutional reform结构优化 structural improvement产业升级 industrial upgrade3. 中国科技科技 science and technology新四大发明 New Four Great Inventions高铁 high-speed rail扫码支付 mobile payment共享单车 bicycle sharing网购 online shopping高水平科技创新 high-level technological innovation政府的大力支持 vigorous support by the government创新型国家 innovation-oriented country科技革命 revolution in science and technology产业变革 industrial transformation创新驱动发展战略 innovation-driven development strategy基础研究 basic research应用基础研究 application-oriented basic research国家实验室 national laboratory实施重大科技项目 implement / carry out major technology projects科研院所、高校与企业 research institutes, colleges and enterprises创新成果的转化和应用 commercial application of innovation achievements 大众创业、万众创新 mass entrepreneurship and innovation自主创新 independent innovation国际竞争力 international competitiveness创新型企业 innovation-oriented enterprise人工智能 artificial intelligence互联网＋ the Internet Plus initiative智能产业 intelligent industry智能生活 smart life数字中国 digital China深海探测 deep-water exploration量子通信 quantum communications大飞机 large aircraft电子商务 e-commerce移动互联支付 mobile payment共享经济 sharing economy重塑经济增长格局 reshape China’s growth model创新发展 innovation-driven development生物技术 biotechnology城镇化 urbanization工业化 industrialization人口老龄化 population ageing食品安全 food safety新型药物 new drugs作物新品种 new crop varieties人口健康 population health科技的日新月异 advances in science and technology提升社会生产效率 boost social productivity日常生活更加便利 make our daily life more convenient4. 中国环保治理环境污染 control / curb environmental pollution生态环境保护 ecological environmental protection节能减排 energy conservation and emission reduction优化能源结构 optimize the energy mix传统化石燃料 traditional fossil fuel煤炭 coal石油 petroleum天然气 natural gas清洁能源 clean energy太阳能 solar energy风能 wind energy核能 nuclear energy减少温室气体排放 reduce greenhouse gas emission全球变暖 global warming; the warming of the planet大气污染 air pollution细颗粒物 PM 2.5 (particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers)平均浓度 average concentration水污染防治 water pollution prevention and control化肥农药 chemical fertilizers and pesticides保持零增长 maintain zero-rate growth生态保护 ecological protection修复工程 restoration projects退耕还林 turn marginal farmland into forests植树造林 afforestation土地沙漠化 land desertification水土流失 soil erosion5. 中国民生内政 domestic affairs民生 people’s livelihood教育 education就业 employment科教兴国战略 the strategy of rejuvenating China through science and education 教育优先发展 prioritize the development of education公平而有质量的教育 fair and high-quality education财政性教育经费 public spending on education学前教育 preschool education高中阶段教育 senior secondary education高等教育 higher education世界一流大学 world-class university世界一流学科 world-class discipline职业教育 vocational education民族教育 ethnic minority education特殊教育 special education继续教育 further / continuing education网络教育 online education师资队伍 faculty; teaching staff师德师风 teachers’ virtue / ethics义务教育 compulsory education办学条件 conditions of running a school乡村教师 rural teachers改革考试招生制度 reform the examination and enrollment system重点高校 key university农村和贫困地区学生 students from rural and poor areas资助家庭困难学生 offer financial aids to students from financially-challenged families 降低农村学生辍学率 reduce drop-out rate of rural students公共就业服务 public employment services职业技能培训 vocational skill training以创业带动就业 job creation through entrepreneurship人力资源 human resources技术工人 technical worker高技能人才 highly skilled personnel海外留学人员 overseas Chinese students援助就业困难人员 assist people having difficulty in finding jobs扩大农民工就业 expand employment for rural migrant workers治理拖欠工资问题 resolve the problem of late salary payment消除性别和身份歧视 eliminate gender and status discrimination二、补充词汇1. 中国外交互相尊重主权和领土完整 mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity 互不侵犯 mutual non-aggression互不干涉内政 non-interference in each other’s internal affairs平等互利 equality and mutual benefit和平共处 peaceful coexistence军备竞赛 arms race军事扩张 military expansion霸权主义 hegemonism强权政治 power politics国际性和地区性问题 international and regional issues国际恐怖主义 international terrorism人权 human rights人类生存和发展 human survival and development和平稳定的国际环境 peaceful and stable international environment睦邻友好的周边环境 good neighbourly environment国际关系 international relations国际事务 international affairs国际政治经济新秩序 new international political and economic order求同存异 seek common ground while putting aside differences不可逆转／抗拒的趋势 irreversible / irresistible trend机遇和挑战 opportunities and challenges冷战思维 the Cold War mentality南北对话 North-South dialogue南南合作 South-South cooperation建设性战略伙伴关系 constructive strategic partnership2. 中国经贸经济衰退 economic recession综合国力 comprehensive national strength国民生产总值 gross national product (GNP)国民经济 national economy成熟发达经济体 mature developed economy发展中经济体 developing economy欠发达经济体 underdeveloped economy外向／出口导向型经济 export-oriented economy计划经济 planned economy市场／商品经济 market / commodity economy生产力 productivity; productive force加快深化改革进程 accelerate and deepen the reform process经济结构调整 economic restructuring产业优化升级 industrial optimization and upgrading调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure扩大内需 expand domestic demand招商引资 attract investment (from overseas)吸引海外投资者 attract foreign / overseas investors振兴经济 revitalize / invigorate / rejuvenate the economy达到小康水平 achieve comparative prosperity财政赤字 deficit通货膨胀／紧缩 inflation; deflation货币升值／贬值 currency appreciation / devaluation经济杠杆 economic leverage科技创新 scientific and technological innovation消除贫困 wipe out / eliminate / eradicate poverty跨国公司 multinational / transnational corporation国有企业 state-owned enterprise (SOE)私营企业 privately-run enterprise合资企业 joint venture大中型企业 large and medium-sized enterprise中小型企业 small and medium-sized enterprise小微企业 small and micro-sized enterprise外商投资企业 foreign funded / invested enterprise公司并购 corporate merger and acquisition (M&A)工业增加值 industrial added value知识产权 intellectual property房地产税 real estate tax战略性新兴产业 emerging industry of strategic importance战略性新兴产业 strategic pillar industry高新技术产业 high-tech industry支柱产业 pillar industry农、林、牧、渔业 farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery 现代化建设 modernization drive / construction基础设施建设 infrastructure construction城乡建设 urban and rural construction技术转让 technology transfer; transfer of technology消费者购买力 consumer buying / purchasing power双赢战略／合作 win-win strategy / cooperation改革开放政策 the reform and opening-up policy浮动汇率机制 floating exchange rate mechanism外汇管理体制 foreign exchange management system西部大开发战略 the strategy of China’s Western Development “引进来”战略 the strategy of “bringing in”“走出去”战略 the strategy of “going global”反倾销 anti-dumping反补贴 anti-subsidy贸易战 trade war最惠国待遇 most favoured nation (MFN) treatment世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization (WTO)贸易冲突和摩擦 trade conflicts and frictions关税／非关税壁垒 tariff / non-tariff barrier贸易伙伴 trade partner市场供求 market supply and demand供过于求 supply exceeding demand供不应求 demand exceeding supply外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves贸易顺／逆差 trade surplus / deficit3. 中国环保环境恶化 environmental degradation / deterioration生态平衡 ecological balance自然保护区 nature reserve二氧化碳 carbon dioxide汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust高耗能产业 energy-intensive industry零排放车辆 zero-emission vehicle可再生能源 renewable resources不可再生能源 non-renewable resources环保产品 environment-friendly product一次性产品 disposable product能源短缺 energy shortage濒临灭绝 be on the verge of extinction濒危物种 endangered species稀有物种 rare species受威胁物种 threatened species森林覆盖率 forest coverage rate改善土壤 soil improvement热带雨林 tropical rainforest原始森林 primitive forest乱砍滥伐 deforestation生物多样性 biological diversity水灾 flood旱灾 drought地震 earthquake沙尘暴 sand storm冰川退缩 glacial recession过度放牧 overgrazing过度耕种 over farming过度捕鱼 overfishing过度砍伐 overcutting4. 中国民生初等教育 primary / elementary education 中等教育 secondary education中等后教育 post-secondary education大学教育 college / university education 成人教育 adult education远程教育 distance education / learning 应试教育 examination-oriented education 素质教育 quality-oriented education道德教育 moral education文科 liberal arts理工科 science and engineering高等学府 institution of higher education 科学研究 scientific research教育质量 education quality教育体制 educational system教学设施 teaching facilities多媒体教学 multimedia teaching全面发展 all-round development综合素质 comprehensive quality创新精神 spirit of innovation独立思考 independent thinking问题解决能力 problem-solving ability传授知识 impart knowledge高考 college entrance examination学费 tuition fee奖学金 scholarship助学金 student grant / grant-in-aid学生贷款 student loan社会保障体系 social security system下岗工人再就业 re-employment of laid-off workers剩余农村劳动力 surplus rural labour社会养老保险制度 social old-age pension scheme基本医疗保险制度 basic health insurance plan社会救助制度 social assistance system预期寿命 life expectancy低保人员 people on subsistence allowances特困人员 people living in extreme poverty5. 十九大、两会热词中华民族伟大复兴 the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation中国梦 the Chinese Dream社会主义核心价值观 socialist core values“两个一百年”奋斗目标 the Two Centenary Goals中国制造2025 Made in China 2025“双一流”大学建设 “Double First-Class” University Plan工匠精神 craftsmanship spirit“中国天眼” China’s Eye of Heaven (FAST)国产航母 domestically built aircraft carrier国产客机 homemade passenger jet可燃冰 combustible ice量子卫星“墨子号” quantum satellite “Micius”北斗卫星导航系统 Beidou navigation system重型运载火箭 heavy-lift carrier rocket沪港通 Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect深港通 Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect扫脸支付 face scan payment二维码支付 two-dimensional barcode payment人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI)虚拟现实 virtual reality (VR)增强现实 augmented reality (AR)互联网金融 Internet / online finance低碳城市 low-carbon city扇贝内部资料，请勿外传11自媒体 We-Media实名认证 real-name authentication精准扶贫 targeted poverty alleviation / reduction利益共同体 community of shared interests小康社会 a moderately prosperous society营改增 replace business tax with value added tax (VAT)双引擎 twin engines增加公共产品、公共服务供给 greater supplies of public goods and services经济发展新常态 new normal of economic development增强获得感 gain a stronger sense of benefit形式主义 formalism官僚主义 bureaucratism享乐主义 hedonism奢靡之风 extravagance创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念the vision of innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设economic, political, cultural, social and ecological progress丝绸之路经济带 the Silk Road Economic Belt21世纪海上丝绸之路 the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road丝路精神 the Silk Road spirit和平合作 peace and cooperation开放包容 openness and inclusiveness互学互鉴 mutual learning互利共赢 mutual benefit政策沟通 policy consultation设施联通 infrastructure connectivity贸易畅通 trade promotion资金融通 financial cooperation民心相通 people-to-people exchanges共商 extensive consultation共建 joint contribution共享 shared benefits雄安新区 Xiong’an New Area京津冀一体化 Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration京津冀协同发展 coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region长江经济带 the Yangtze (River) Economic Belt粤港澳大湾区 the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area新型国际关系 a new type of international relations扇贝内部资料，请勿外传12。

政府工作报告德语翻译(3)不断巩固农业基础。

加大强农惠农富农政策力度，实现粮食产量“十一连增”、农民收入“五连快”。

农业综合生产能力稳步提高，农业科技和机械化水平持续提升，重大水利工程建设进度加快，新增节水灌溉面积223万公顷，新建改建农村公路23万公里。

新一轮退耕还林还草启动实施。

农村土地确权登记颁证有序进行，农业新型经营主体加快成长。

DieIndustriestruktur wurde tatkräftig reguliert. Mit konzentriertenKräften wurden neue Elemente für dasWachstum herausgebildet, die beschleunigte Entwicklung derDienstleistungswirtschaft gefördert und die Entwicklung derneuen Industrien von strategischer Bedeutung, beispielsweise des mobilenInternets, der integrierten Schaltungen, der Anlagefertigung mit hohemtechnologischem Niveau und der durch neue Energien angetriebenenKraftfahrzeuge, unterstützt. Die Onlinefinanzgeschäfte tratenschlagartig auf den Plan, neue Kommerzformen wie elektronischer Handel, Logistikund Expresslieferung wuchsen rapide, zahlreiche innovationsfreudige Macherlegten ihre Talente an den Tag und die Industrie der kulturellen Ideenfindungnahm einen Aufschwung. Gleichzeitig wurden die überschüssigenProduktionskapazitäten weiter aufgelöst und in15 Schwerpunktbranchen wie Eisen und Stahl sowie Zement wurden die Aufgaben desJahres für das Ausscheiden der rückständigenProduktionskapazitäten fristgerecht erfüllt. DerKampf gegen Smog wurde verstärkt und die Kennziffern derAussonderung von Kraftfahrzeugen mit gelber Umweltplakette sowie Alt- undGebrauchtwagen wurden übererfüllt.大力调整产业结构。

历年政府工作报告中英文对照版和《经济学家》中英文对照版建议多看看，上面的习题最好都亲自做一下，三级没多大难度，充分准备应该可以通过汉英翻译技巧的培养（translation competence development）应涉及以下内容：一.要培养对英语的语感和悟性（language intuition – open and alert mind to pick up idioms, specific expressions, etc.）；二.要培养对英语的判断能力和鉴赏能力（evaluation capacity – judgment）；三.要培养对英语的洞察能力和剖析能力（power of observation – insight）；四.要培养对英语细微特征的反应能力（linguistic nuances alertness）；-五.要培养对社会文化和跨文化交流的敏感性（social-cultural sensitivity – cross-cultural awareness）；六.要培养对英语和汉语之间差别的意识(sense of differences between Chinese and English)；七.要培养对英语和汉语之间的辩证关系的认识(awareness of the dialectic relationship between Chinese and English)；八.要培养对英语“洋为中用”的意识(“use things foreign to serve Chinese purposes”)；九.要培养对英语“学以致用”的意识(apply what you have learned in your translation)；十.要培养对翻译的多层次、多角度的立体思维方式(a multi-tier approach )。

十一.一名称职的翻译工作者必须懂得什么是翻译的真谛(a clear conception of what translation is)。

2019年英语口译高级：政府工作报告中英翻译（5）对今年政府工作的建议III. Suggestions for the Work of the Government This Year结合过去十年特别是近五年工作的体会，对今年政府主要工作提出以下建议。

Based on an understanding of the work of the past ten years, especially of the past five years, I wish to make the following suggestions for the government's main work this year.(一)加快转变经济发展方式，促动经济持续健康发展。

1. Accelerating the change ofthe growth model and promoting sustained and sound economic development我国社会主义现代化建设取得的一切成就都建立在经济持续健康发展的基础之上，经济不发展，什么事情都办不成。

All the achievements we havemade in China's socialist modernization are attributable to sustained and sound economic development, without which we would have accomplished nothing.我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这个社会主要矛盾没有变，我国是世界上发展中国家的国际地位没有变，发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键。

China is still in the primary stage of socialism andwill remain so for a long time. This basic national conditionhas not changed; nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, production falls short of the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people, or China's international position as the largest developing country in the world. Development is still the key to solving all our problems.必须坚持以经济建设为中心，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。

2012年政府工作报告中英词汇1、国务院the State Council2、全国政协the National Committee of the Chinese People’ s PoliticalConsultative Conference (CPPCC)3、中国共产党the communist Party of China (CPC)4、国内生产总值GDP5、“十二五”the Twelfth Five-Year Plan6、宏观调控macro-control7、积极的财政政策a proactive fiscal policy8、稳健的货币政策a prudent monetary policy9、居民消费价格指数the consumer price index （CPI）10、工业生产者出厂价格指数the producer price index (PPI)11、强农惠农富农政策the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefitting farmers,and enriching rural areas12、increased for the eighth consecutive year13、粮食综合生产能力overall grain production capacity14、战略性新兴产业strategy emerging industries15、节能减排conserve energy, reduce emissions16、农村扶贫开发纲要a rural poverty alleviation development program17、兴边富民行动规划an action plan to bring prosperity to border areas and thepeople there18、九年制义务教育nine-year compulsory education19、学前教育三年行动计划a three- year action plan for preschool education20、免费师范生the graduates who received tuition-free in teachers’ college anduniversity21、非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage22、全民医保体系a medical insurance system that covers the whole population23、新农合the new type of rural cooperative medical care system24、基层医疗卫生服务体系a community medical and health care service system25、民生优先put the people’ s wellbeing first26、收入分配关系income distribution27、人均纯收入per capita net income28、最低工资标准the minimum wage29、基本养老金basic pensions30、五保five forms of support (food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burialexpense)31、一次性生活补贴lump-sum living allowances32、保障性安居工程建设the construction of low-income housing33、“三公经费”spending on official overseas trips, official vehicles and officialhospitality34、增值税value-added tax (VAT)35、集体林权制度改革reform of tenure in collective forests36、水利建设管理体制改革reform of the system for managing the construction ofwater conservancy facilities37、多边双边经贸关系multilateral and bilateral economic and trade relations38、民主党派the democratic parties39、中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜the great banner of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics40、“三个代表”重要思想the important thought of Three Represents41、科学发展观the Scientific Outlook on Development42、带薪休假paid vacation43、“米袋子”，“菜篮子”“rice bag”(grain supply) , “vegetable basket”(non-grainfood supply)44、京津冀，长三角，珠三角the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze Riverdelta, the Pearl River delta45、科教兴国战略和人才强国战略the strategy of developing China throughscience and education and strengthening the country through human resource development46、国家知识产权战略the national strategy on intellectual property rights47、“走出去”战略the “go global” strategy48、中国特色军民融合式发展路子the path of integrated military and civiliandevelopment with Chinese characteristics49、“一国两制”the principle of “one country, two systems”50、“九二共识”the 1992 Consensus。

2020 政府工作报告词汇篇1.le marché des produits primaires essentiels-大宗商品市场2.revenu disponible par habitant -人均可支配收入3.trois grandes batailles ( la prévention et la résorption des risquesmajeurs, l'élimination ciblée de la pauvretéet de la lutte contre la pollution) -三大攻坚战（防范重大风险、精准脱贫、污染防治）4.promouvoir la décentralisation et la simplification administratives,concilier le contrôle et le laissez-faire, améliorer les services publics -“放管服”改革（简政放权放管结合优化服务）5.cha înes industrielles et d'approvisionnement -产业链供应链6.politique budg étaire de relance -积极的财政政策7.politique mon étaire prudente -稳健的货币政策8.sentiment d'appartenance àla nation chinoise -中华民族共同体意识9.une tâche impérative-硬任务10. la campagne « ciel bleu, eaux limpides, terre propre »-蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战11.l a prévention et le contrôle des risques majeurs-重大风险防控12.l es autoentrepreneurs-个体工商户13.l a cotisation patronale à l’assurance vieilless-企业养老保险费14.u ne réforme en faveur de la répartition des facteurs de productionselon les règles du marché.-推进要素市场化配置改革15.l a réforme de la propriété mixte-混合所有制改革16.d es relations basées sur la sincéritéet la transparence entre lespouvoirs publics et les acteurs économiques-构建亲清政商关系17.l es conglomérats des industries émergentes-新兴产业集群18.d es centres modèles pour l’innovation et l’entrepreneuriat-双创示范基地19.l a réforme structurelle du côté de l’offre-供给侧结构性改革20.R elancer la consommation-推动消费回升21.d es bornes de recharge-充电桩des stations d’échange de batteries-换电站22.l e rôle d’entraînement général-综合带动作用23.u n programme-cadr-规划纲要24.s tations d’épuration des eaux usées et d’installations de traitement desordures-污水、垃圾处置设施25.d es entreprises spécialisées dans la fabrication de produits chimiquesdangereux-危化品生产企业26.l e système de production, d’approvisionnement et de vente-产供销体系27.l e prix d’achat plancher du riz-稻谷最低收购价28.l’élevage porcin（猪类）-生猪生产29.l’élevage et l’aquaculture-畜禽水产养殖30.L a liste négative d’accès au mar ché pour les investisseurs étrangers-外资准入负面清单31.z ones pilotes de libre-échang-自贸试验区des zones franches-综合保税区port de libre-échange-自由贸易港32.L e principe de « concertation, synergie et partage »-共商共建共享33.P artenariat économique régional global(RCEP)-区域全面经济伙伴关系34.l es moyens d’existence de la population-民众生计35.c oûte que coûte-不惜代价，无论如何36.l e modèle « Internet + soins médicaux et santé »-互联网+医疗健康37.t raitement échelonné selon la gravité des maladies-分级诊疗38.l’éducation spécialisée-特殊教育la formation continue-继续教育l’enseignement privé-民办教育l’enseignement préscolaire-学前教育39.l a pension de vieillesse de base des retraités -退休人员基本养老金40.l a pension sociale de vieillesse-城乡居民基础养老金41.l es militaires démobilisés(遣散的)-退役军人42.l e minimum vital-低保43.l e patrimoine culturel immatériel-非物质文化遗产44.s ystème de doléances populaires orales et écrites-信访制度45.le recensement démographique national.-全国人口普查46.l a Fédération nationale des syndicats, la Ligue de la jeunessecommuniste et la Fédération des femmes.-工会、共青团、妇联47.u n gouvernement intègre-廉洁政府sévir fermement contre lacorruption-惩治腐败48.l e système de la pleine responsabilité du président de la Commissionmilitaire centrale-军委主席负责制49.« administration de Hong Kong par les Hongkongais »,« administration de Macao par les Macanais »-“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”50.t oute tentative sécessionniste-分裂行径。