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Lect16

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5.2.1 一阶共振从轨道共振第二基本模型出发,讨论一阶共振( k = 1)H = AJ + BJ + C ( 2 J ) cos ϕ ,212A, B, C 为三个常数, J , ϕ 是一对共轭坐标.定义新的广义动量 I 和时间τ :J = B − 2 3C 2 3 I , t = B −1 3C −2 3τ .Hamilton系统简化为:H ′ = δ I + I 2 + ( 2 I ) cos ϕ ,12δ = AB −1 3C −2 3 .1, B ∼ 1上述变换使得时间变慢,轨道偏心率或轨道倾角被放大. A, C引入直角坐标:x = 2 I cos ϕ , y = 2 I sin ϕ ,这时的 Hamilton函数变成 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 H ′ = δ ( x + y ) + ( x + y ) + x. 2 45.2.1 一阶共振由Hamilton方程 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 H ′ = δ ( x + y ) + ( x + y ) + x, 2 4 知道正则运动方程是: ∂H x=− = −δ y − y ( x 2 + y 2 ) , ∂y ∂H y=+ = δ x + x ( x 2 + y 2 ) + 1. ∂x 平动点 ( x0 , y0 ) 满足: x = −δ y − y ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 0, y = δ x + x ( x 2 + y 2 ) + 1 = 0. 求解得 :3 δ x0 + x0 + 1 = 0,x, y 表示对新时间变量求导 : dy dx x≡ , y≡ dτ dτy0 = 0.5.2.1 一阶共振记: ⎡ 1 ⎛1 δ ⎞ d1 = ⎢ − + ⎜ + ⎟ ⎢ 2 ⎝ 4 27 ⎠ ⎣ 则 x0 的三个解为 :3 12 13⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎛1 δ ⎞ ⎥ , d2 = ⎢− − ⎜ + ⎟ ⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎝ 4 27 ⎠ ⎦ ⎣312 13⎤ ⎥ ⎥ ⎦x01 = d1 + d2 , x02 = − 1 ( d1 + d2 ) + 3i ( d1 − d2 ) , 2 2 x03 = − 1 ( d1 + d2 ) − 3i ( d1 − d2 ) . 2 2 δ > −1.88988, 一个平动点 δ = −1.88988, 两个个平动点 δ < −1.88988, 三个平动点1 δ3 + = 0, δ = −1.88988 4 275.2.1 一阶共振5.2.1 一阶共振5.2.1 一阶共振5.2.2 二阶共振当 k = 2时,为二阶共振的情况，此时的Hamilton函数为: 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 H = δ (x + y ) + (x + y ) + x(x + y ) , 2 4 而正则运动方程是: ∂H 2 2 2 2 −1 2 = −δ y − y ( x + y ) − xy ( x + y ) , x=− ∂y ∂H 2 2 2 2 12 2 2 2 −1 2 = δ x + x(x + y ) + (x + y ) + x (x + y ) . y=+ ∂x 平动点 ( x0 , y0 ) 满足: x = −δ y − y ( x + y ) − xy ( x + y2 2 2 2 −1 2)= 0,2 2 −1 2y = δ x + x(x + y ) + (x + y2 2 22 12)+ x (x + y2)= 0.求解得 :δ x0 + x + x0 + x x03 0 2 0−1= 0,y0 = 0.⎧ −2 − δ , ⎪ 解为 : x0 = ⎨ ⎪− 2 − δ , ⎩δ < −2 δ < +2,y0 = 0.5.2.2 二阶共振5.2.2 二阶共振5.2.2 二阶共振5.3.1 主带小行星的3:1空隙主带小行星位置及其运动行星轨道 彗星 主带小行星 近地小天体5.3.1 主带小行星的3:1空隙主带小行星轨道半长径分布 Kirkwood Gaps5.3.1 主带小行星的3:1空隙采用平面限制性三体模型,考察处于该共振中的小行星的轨道演化. 取木星质量 µ = 1 1047.355, 太阳质量为 µ1 = 1 − µ , 木星轨道半长径为长 2AU ) 为长度单位 : a′ = 1, 木星周期 (11.86yr ) 为 2π 个时间单位, 此时 度 ( 5.木星的平运动频率 n′ = 1, 万有引力常数G = 1.木星轨道偏心率 e′ = 0.048, 因为是平面限制性模型,有 i = i′ = 0, s = s′ = 0. 描述小行星在 3 :1共振处运动的摄动函数为:其中直接项 RD ( 包括长期项和共振项,展开到 e, e′ 的二阶 ) 为:′ R = Gm ( RD + α RE ) = µ ( RD + α RE )3:1 . a′RD ≈ A1 + A2 ( e2 + e′2 ) + A3ee′ cos ⎡ϖ − ϖ ′⎤ + A13e2 cos ⎡3λ ′ − λ − 2ϖ ⎤ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ + A23ee′ cos ⎡3λ ′ − λ −ϖ ′ −ϖ ⎤ + A33e′2 cos ⎡3λ ′ − λ − 2ϖ ′⎤ , ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦间接项为:RE ≈ − 27 e′2 cos ⎡3λ ′ − λ − 2ϖ ′⎤ . ⎣ ⎦ 85.3.1 主带小行星的3:1空隙RD 中的系数为: 1 0 1 3 A1 = b1( 2) (α ) , A13 = ( 21 + 10α D + α 2 D 2 ) b1( 2) (α ) , 2 8 1 1 0 2 A2 = ( 2α D + α 2 D 2 ) b1( 2) (α ) , A23 = ( −20 − 10α D − α 2 D 2 ) b1( 2) (α ) , 8 4 1 1 1 1 A3 = ( 2 − 2α D − α 2 D 2 ) b1( 2) (α ) , A33 = (17 + 10α D + α 2 D 2 ) b1( 2) (α ) . 4 8 令 A33 = A33 − 27 α , 则可以把间接项也写到一个统一的表达式中. ′ 8 采用Poincare变量,L = µ1a ,ρ = µ1a 1 − 1 − e 2 , g = −ϖ = − (ω + Ω ) .Hamilton函数是: H =−()l = λ = M + ω + Ω,ρ ∼ e 2 是小量, 且 e 2 ∼ 2 ρ Lµ122L2− µ ( RD + α RE ) .5.3.1 主带小行星的3:1空隙在共振处, 半长径的变化是比较小的,因此可以近似认为α = a a′ 是常数, 在这种假设下,直接项中 A1 , A2 e′2 这样的项就是常数,可以从Hamilton 函数中略去,最终的Hamilton函数是:H =−其中µ122L2− µ Rsec − µ Rres ,2ρ 2ρ e′ cos (ϖ ′ − ϖ ) + A3 L LRsec = A2 e 2 + A3ee′ cos (ϖ ′ − ϖ ) ≈ A2= 2 F ρ + G 2 ρ e′ cos (ϖ ′ − ϖ ) ,e2 ≈ 2 ρ LRres = A132ρ 2ρ e′ cos ( 3λ ′ − λ − ϖ ′ − ϖ ) cos ( 3λ ′ − λ − 2ϖ ) + A23 L L ′ + A33e′2 cos ( 3λ ′ − λ − 2ϖ ′ ) + Ee′2 cos ( 3λ ′ − λ − 2ϖ ′ )= 2C ρ cos ( 3λ ′ − λ − 2ϖ ) + D 2 ρ e′ cos ( 3λ ′ − λ − ϖ ′ − ϖ )5.3.1 主带小行星的3:1空隙显然 A A A A2 ′ , G = 3 , C = 13 , D = 23 , E = A33 . L L L L 在于木星轨道发生3 :1共振处, F= a ⎛ n′ ⎞ α = =⎜ ⎟ a′ ⎝ n ⎠ 分别计算可得 : F = 0.2050694, G = −0.1987054, C = 0.8631579, D = −2.656407, E = 0.3629536. 此时的Hamilton函数显式地写为 :常数231 =⎛ ⎞ ⎜ 3⎟ ⎝ ⎠23= 0.4807498.λ ′ = t , 含时H =−µ122L2− µ ⎡ 2 F ρ + G 2 ρ e′ cos (ϖ ′ + g ) + 2C ρ cos ( 3λ ′ − l + 2 g ) ⎣+ D 2 ρ e′ cos ( 3λ ′ − l − ϖ ′ + g ) + Ee′2 cos ( 3λ ′ − l − 2ϖ ′ ) ⎤ ⎦5.3.1 主带小行星的3:1空隙为了达到变量变换 φ = λ − 3λ ′ 的目的, 定义生成函数 S : S = ( l − 3λ ′ ) Φ + g ρ ′. 该生成函数给出的变换 ( L, ρ , l , g ) → ( Φ, ρ ′, φ , g ′ ) : ∂S ∂S ∂S ∂S = l − 3λ ′, g ′ = = g, L = = Φ, ρ = = ρ ′. ′ ∂Φ ∂ρ ∂l ∂g 生成函数中的 g ρ ′ 保证了在变换中 ρ , g 保持不变因此把新变量记成 : .生成函数是 S ( q, P ) 形式φ=( Φ = L, ρ , φ = l − 3λ ′, g ) .变换后的Hamilton函数是 :µ H ′ = H + ∂S = − 1 2 − 3Φ − µ Rsec − µ Rres ∂t 2Φ2已消除了时间 t , 若设常 数ϖ ′ = 0, 可进一步简化=−2Φµ122− 3Φ − µ ⎡ 2 F ρ + G 2 ρ e′ cos (ϖ ′ + g ) + 2C ρ cos (φ − 2 g ) ⎣+ D 2 ρ e′ cos (φ + ϖ ′ − g ) + Ee′2 cos (φ + 2ϖ ′ ) ⎤ . ⎦5.3.1 主带小行星的3:1空隙将极坐标 ( ρ , g ) 换成直角坐标 ( x, y )的形式,可通过如下生成函数完成: S= 1 2 x tan g , 2 ∂S 1 2 = x sec 2 g , ∂g 2 y=生成函数是 S ( q, P ) 形式相应的坐标变换是 ρ =∂S = x tan g , 即: ∂xx = 2 ρ cos g , y = 2 ρ sin g.坐标变换后的Hamilton函数是 :H′ = −2 µ12Φ 2 ⎡ ⎤ − µ ⎣C ( x 2 − y 2 ) + e′Dx + e′2 E ⎦ cos φ − µ [ 2Cxy + e′Dy ] sin φ .∂H ′ dΦ ; =− dt ∂φ dy ∂H ′ , =+ dt ∂x ∂H ′ dx . =− dt ∂y− 3Φ − µ F ( x 2 + y 2 ) − e′µ Gx因此可以直接写出正则方程组: dφ ∂H ′ , =+ dt ∂Φ5.3.1 主带小行星的3:1空隙正则方程组: dφ = 3 − 3, dt Φ dΦ ⎡ ⎤ = − µ ⎣C ( x 2 − y 2 ) + e′Dx + e′2 E ⎦ sin φ + µ [ 2Cxy + e′Dy ] cos φ , dt dy = − µ ⎡ 2 Fx + e′G + ( 2Cx + e′D ) cos φ + 2Cy sin φ ⎤ ⎣ ⎦ dt dx = 2 µ y ( F − C cos φ ) + µ [ 2Cx + e′D ] sin φ . dt a cos ϕ + b sin ϕ Hamilton函数可以写成更简洁的形式. ⎛ a2 µ1H′ = −2 µ12Φ 2 − µ ⎡C ( x 2 − y 2 ) + e′Dx + e′2 E ⎤ cos φ − µ [ 2Cxy + e′Dy ] sin φ ⎣ ⎦2 µ1− 3Φ − µ F ( x 2 + y 2 ) − e′µ Gx⎞ b cos ϕ + sin ϕ ⎟ = a 2 + b2 ⎜ 2 2 a 2 + b2 ⎝ a +b ⎠ = a 2 + b 2 cos (ϕ −ψ )=−2Φ 2− 3Φ − µ F ( x 2 + y 2 ) − e′µ Gx − µ A ( x, y ) cos ⎡φ −ψ ( x, y ) ⎤ . ⎣ ⎦5.3.1 主带小行星的3:1空隙Hamilton函数: H =−2 µ1A = ⎡C ( x − y ) + e′Dx + e′ E ⎤ + [ 2Cxy + e′Dy ] ⎣ ⎦2 2 2 2{2Φ 2− 3Φ − µ F ( x 2 + y 2 ) − e′µ Gx − µ A ( x, y ) cos ⎡φ −ψ ( x, y ) ⎤ . ⎣ ⎦2}12,tanψ =2Cxy + e′Dy . 2 2 2 C ( x − y ) + e′Dx + e′ E为便于和已有的结果(Wisdom 1985)比较,可以定义如下的 Poincare截面: 35 / 3 µ12 3 H+ = const., 2 φ −ψ = π , φ >0共振处的小天体，在木星的摄动之下，偏心率会突-6.0-5.0-4.0-3.4-2.8-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.05.03:2共振处的动力学稳定性图中白色点表示真实的小行星(直径大于50 km 的，大约30个)在平运动轨道与木星发生3:2共振处,有一群小行星聚集,称为Hilda 群.2:1共振处,偏心率突然升高的时间尺度3:210GyrT ≥。

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七年级英语单词记忆法归纳大全

七年级英语单词记忆法归纳大全

七年级英语单词记忆法归纳大全词根词缀英语单词构成有其规律，很好的掌握了构词规律，才可以很好、很快的、准确的记忆单词。

英语单词构词法的核心部分，在于词根，词的意义主要是由组成单词的词根体现出来的。

词根可以单独构成词，也可以彼此组合成词，通过前缀后缀来改变单词的词性和意义。

（词根和词缀叫构词语素）也就是说，单词一般由三部分组成：词根、前缀和后缀。

词根决定单词意思，前缀改变单词词义，后缀决定单词词性。

一、词根1、cap，capt，cept，ceive，cip，cup＝take，hold，seize，表示“拿，抓，握住”capture逮捕，捉拿（capt＋ure→抓住毛病→挑剔的）accept接受；承认except除外（ex出→cept→拿出）deceive欺骗receive接受；收到（re再＋ceive抓→全部→发觉）receipt收据anticipate预料；预期的（anti前＋cip抓＋ent→开始抓→开始的）participant参与者principal主要的；首要的（prin主要的＋cip＋al）联想记忆一、合成记忆法有些汉字，比如“明”“解”等属于合成字。

“日”即太阳，是白天光明的来源；“月”即月亮，是黑夜光明的来源；所以“明”就“日”和“月”两个字合成而来。

又，古时候人们宰牛是将“刀”放在“牛”的“角“后开始将其解体的，所以，“解”字就由“角”“刀”和“牛”三个字合成而来。

在英语词汇里有与此类似的合成词，这些合成词是由两个或两个以上的具有独立意义的子词组合而成的，而且合成词的意义通常就是其构成中子词意义的叠加与复合。

根据子词与合成词的内在关系记忆英语单词，就好比是对合成汉字进行“以形说义”一样。

所以，我们把合成记忆法看作是英语单词“说文解字“之一。

1. football n. 足球，足球比赛〔foot脚、足，ball球；主要靠脚踢来进行的球赛〕2. himself pron. 他自己，他亲自〔him他，self自己〕3. overcome vt. 战胜，克服〔over越过，come来；努力地越过各种障碍而来〕4. sometime ad. 将来某个时候，过去某个时候〔some某一，time时候〕5. widespread a. 分布广的，散布广的〔wide宽广的，spread散布、蔓延〕二、借梯上楼法我们稍微留心一下就会发现，尽管汉字和英语单词是两种截然不同的语言文字，但它们有着共同的表现形式：汉语拼音字母与英文字母同形。

英语常见-后缀+前缀-词性(全!!)

英语常见-后缀+前缀-词性(全!!)

英语常见后缀词性1. 名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor2)-acy, 表示/性质，状态，境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示/性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示/性质，状态，行为，过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency5)-bility, 表示/动作，性质，状态/ possibility, flexibility, feasibility6)-dom, 表示/等级，领域，状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示/资格，身份，年纪，状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示/行为的过程，结果，状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示/制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示/行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示/情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业/ hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示/动作，性质，过程，状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示/行为，结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)17-grapy, 表示/……学，写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示/……学……法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology, 表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2. 形容词后缀1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)-less, 表示否定countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示/做成，变成，……化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示/使成为，引起，使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示/使……化，使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示/使，令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示/成为……，处理，作用/ separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀(形容词)-ly：bad→badly坏地,恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE)：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地-wards：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地英语常见前缀意思前缀没有特别重要的含义，只是表示简单的方向感，类似汉语中的前、后、左、右等，放在单词之首，配合词根来表达单词的含义，常用的有九种一．分表示否定的前缀1．dis－加在名词、形容词，动词之前。

Lectrosonics UMC16B 双频带多路信号分发器说明书

Lectrosonics UMC16B 双频带多路信号分发器说明书

UMC16B/UMC16BLWideband UHF Antenna MulticouplerINSTRUCTION MANUALRio Rancho, NM, USA Fill in for your records: Serial Number: Purchase Date:UMC16B2LECTROSONICS, INC.UHF Antenna MulticouplerRio Rancho, NM 3UMC16B RF Signal DistributionA INCeramic ResonatorFilter A OUT Strip Line RF Power DividerB INCeramic ResonatorFilterLow Noise AmpStrip Line RF Power DividerLow Noise AmpB OUTIntroductionThe UMC16B multi-coupler is used to distribute the signals from two antennas to eight diversity receivers to minimize the amount of cabling and antennas needed in multi-channel wireless systems. The design com-bines broad band ceramic filtering with low noise, high intercept point RF distribution to provide outstanding performance and flexibility. Up to eight diversity receiv-ers or up to 16 non-diversity receivers can be utilized across a 230 MHz passband.The UMC16B can be powered from an external supply, 12 to 18 VDC for mobile applications, or from 90 to 240 VAC for installations using the regulated power supply furnished with the unit. A locking connector on the rear panel secures the power connection.ContentsIntroduction ..........................................................................3Block Diagram ......................................................................3Front and Rear Panels .........................................................4Antenna Power Jumpers ......................................................4Antenna Use and Placement ...............................................5Accessory Antennas ............................................................5Specifications .......................................................................6Service and Repair ..............................................................6Returning Units for Repair ...................................................6Mailing Address ...................................................................6Shipping Address .................................................................6T elephones ...........................................................................6Warranty..............................................................Back CoverThe RF signals at the inputs first pass through a ceram-ic filter to block energy above and below the passband. The signal is then fed to a high current amplifier to ap-ply the gain needed ahead of the splitter. The amplifier is a high current type with a very high IP3 (third order intercept) that minimizes intermodulation products.The amplifier output is then distributed to the output jacks using a Wilkinson “strip line” RF splitter. Unused outputs should be terminated with 50 Ohm dummy loads for maximum performance, however, the splitter design allows unused jacks to remain un-terminated with only a slight effect on other channels (+/- 1 to 2 dB in the level at the outputs).The unit is housed in a standard 19 inch rack mount as-sembly with rugged connectors.UMC16BLECTROSONICS, INC.4UMC16B Front PanelNOTE: These jumpers are ONL Y to be used when the Lectrosonics UFM50 or UFM230 filter/amp modules are being powered from DC on theantenna input jacks on the UMC16B multicoupler.For long cable runs between the UMC16B and remote antennas, gain must be applied at the antenna end of the coaxial cable to compensate for the loss that oc-curs over the length of the cable run. The Lectrosonics UFM230 or UFM50 filter/amp module can be placed in an optimum position close to the antenna and powered by DC from the UMC16B via the coaxial cable. This applies the gain before the loss in the coaxial cable run to maximize the signal to noise ratio. Jumpers at the antenna inputs on the UMC16B enable the DC power on the BNC jacks.1. To enable the DC antenna power, unplug the power cord and remove the cover (12 screws).2. Locate the jumpers on the circuit board. When the jumper is inserted toward the outside of the unit, power is disabled. Inserted toward the inside of the unit, power is enabled.12 to 18 VDCNOTE: If a splitter/combiner is used between the UFM230 and the UMC16B, it will not pass the DC power to the antennas.Long coaxial cable Long coaxial cableUFM230UFM230UMC16BAntennasT riple socket jumper toward outside to disable antenna powerTriple socket jumper toward inside to enable antenna powerDouble socket jumper toward outside to disable antenna powerDouble socket jumper toward inside to enable antenna powerIf tape is present over the socket,be sure to replace it after re-positioning the jumperUHF Antenna MulticouplerRio Rancho, NM5Antenna Use and PlacementTry to position the antennas so that they are not within 3 or 4 feet of large metal surfaces. It is also good to maintain a direct “line of sight” between the transmit-ter and the receiver antennas. In situations where the operating range is less than about 50 feet, the antenna positioning is much less critical.A wireless transmitter sends a radio signal out in all directions. This signal will often bounce off nearby walls, ceilings, metal surfaces, etc. and a strong reflec-tion can arrive at the receiver antenna along with the direct signal. When the direct and reflected signals are out of phase with each other a cancellation will occur as the signals mix at the antenna input, resulting in what is known as a “drop-out.”At UHF frequencies, a drop-out usually sounds like a brief noise burst, click, pop, or something similar. In se-vere cases, may result in a complete loss of the carrier and the sound. A drop-out situation may be either better or worse as a crowd fills and/or leaves the room, or when the transmitter and receiver anrtennas are moved to different locations.Diversity receiver designs apply various circuitry to select or combine two antennas to reduce or eliminate multipath drop-outs. The antennas must be placed at least a half wavelength apart to achieve a noticeable reduction in drop-outs, or better yet, several feet apart for the maximum benefit.It is generally best to use two of the same type anten-nas on a diversity receiver, as some designs combine both antenna signals into a single receiver with a phase correction between them to maximize the resultant RF signal. If one antenna signal is significantly stronger than the other, the signal from the weaker antenna will do little to prevent multipath drop-outs that occur at the stronger antenna.The diagram below depicts a classic multipath drop-out situation. In some diversity designs, a second antenna in a different location is selected instead of the first an-tenna, following the logic that a multipath drop-out is not likely to occur simultaneously at both antennas. Other designs combine the two antenna signals and control the phase of one them to make sure they always add to each to provide a stronger signal.Accessory AntennasThe UMC16B will operate with any 50 ohm antenna with a BNC connector, provided the antenna is tuned to the same frequency band. T wo unique models are of-fered by Lectrosonics to help optimize recep-tion in any location or installation.The SNA600 is a versatile, collapsible dipole antenna that provides a circular coverage pat-tern and a 100 MHz passband. The elements are tuned to frequency using a scale along the feed line. A mounting stud and bracket are included with the unit.The ALP Series LPDA anten-nas are direc-tional antennas with 4.5 dB of gain coveringa broad bandwidthfrom 450 to 850 MHz. theyare constructed of FR4 fiberglass ina rugged assembly and are available in several models: ALP500, ALP620, and ALP650. Mounting options for all ALP Series antennas include threaded rods and adapt-ers to fit lighting equipment, tripods, mic stands and attachment to building surfaces.CANCELLA TIONUMC16BLECTROSONICS, INC.6SpecificationsType: Active RF distribution system with ceramic filtering Inputs:Two 50 Ohm BNC jack on rear panel Third order intercept: +27dBm at inputOutputs: Type: 16 BNC jacks on rear panel. Eight jacks per antenna. Isolation: 20 dB min, any output to any outputAny output can be open, shorted, or terminated without affecting other outputs.Splitter type: Wilkinson 1/4 wave strip-lineFilter passband: UMC16B: 537 to 768 MHz (blocks 21 to 29) UMC16BL: 470 to 692 MHz (blocks 470 to 26)(See serial number sticker on side panel for frequencyrange of your particular unit.)Input/Output RF gain: 0 dB nominal In-Band Ripple:+/-2 dBPower Requirements: 12 to 16 VDC; overload protection provided by internal autoresetting poly fusePower consumption: Nominally 300 mA at 15V DC Dimensions: 19 x 7 x 1.75 inches Weight:2 lbs., 9ozs.Specifications subject to change without notice.Service and RepairIf your system malfunctions, you should attempt to correct or isolate the trouble before concluding that the equipment needs repair. Make sure you have followed the setup procedure and operating instructions. Check the inter-connecting cords.We strongly recommend that you do not try to repair the equipment yourself and do not have the local repair shop attempt anything other than the simplest repair. If the repair is more complicated than a broken wire or loose connection, send the unit to the factory for repair and service. Don’t attempt to adjust any controls inside the units. Once set at the factory, the various controls and trimmers do not drift with age or vibration and never require readjustment. There are no adjustments inside that will make a malfunctioning unit start working.LECTROSONICS service department is equipped and staffed to quickly repair your equipment. In-warranty repairs are made at no charge in accordance with the terms of the warranty. Out of warranty repairs are charged at a modest flat rate plus parts and shipping. Since it takes almost as much time and effort to deter-mine what is wrong as it does to make the repair, there is a charge for an exact quotation. We will be happy to quote approximate charges by phone for out of warranty repairs.Returning Units for RepairY ou will save yourself time and trouble if you will follow the steps below:A. DO NOT return equipment to the factory for repairwithout first contacting us by letter or by phone. We need to know the nature of the problem, the model number and the serial number of the equip-ment. We also need a phone number where you can be reached 8 am to 4 pm (Mountain Standard Time).B. After receiving your request, we will issue you areturn authorization number (R.A.). This number will help speed your repair through our receiving and repair departments. The return authorization number must be clearly shown on the outside of the shipping container.C. Pack the equipment carefully and ship to us, ship-ping costs prepaid. If necessary, we can provide you with the proper packing materials. UPS is usually the best way to ship the units. Heavy units should be “double-boxed” for safe transport.D. We also strongly recommend that you insure theequipment, since we cannot be responsible for loss of or damage to equipment that you ship. Of course, we insure the equipment when we ship it back to you.Lectrosonics USA:Mailing address: Shipping address: Lectrosonics, Inc. Lectrosonics, Inc. PO Box 15900 581 Laser Rd. Rio Rancho, NM 87174 Rio Rancho, NM 87124 USA USA Telephone: (505) 892-4501(800) 821-1121 Toll-free (505) 892-6243 FaxWeb: E-mail: **********************Lectrosonics Canada:Mailin g Address: 720 Spadina Avenue, Suite 600 Toronto, Ontario M5S 2T9 CanadaTelephone: (416) 596-2202(877) 753-2876 Toll-free (877-7L ECTRO) (416) 596-6648 FaxE-mail:Sales:***********************Service:*********************UHF Antenna Multicoupler Rio Rancho, NM7581 Laser Road NE • Rio Rancho, NM 87124 USA • (505)892-4501•(800)821-1121•fax(505)892-6243•**********************LIMITED ONE YEAR WARRANTYThe equipment is warranted for one year from date of purchase against defects in materials or workmanship provided it was purchased from an authorized dealer. This warranty does not cover equipment which has been abused or damaged by careless handling or shipping. This warranty does not apply to used or demonstrator equipment.Should any defect develop, Lectrosonics, Inc. will, at our option, repair or replace any defective parts without charge for either parts or labor. If Lectrosonics, Inc. cannotcorrect the defect in your equipment, it will be replaced at no charge with a similar new item. Lectrosonics, Inc. will pay for the cost of returning your equipment to you.This warranty applies only to items returned to Lectrosonics, Inc. or an authorized dealer, shipping costs prepaid, within one year from the date of purchase.This Limited Warranty is governed by the laws of the State of New Mexico. It states the entire liablility of Lectrosonics Inc. and the entire remedy of the purchaser for any breach of warranty as outlined above. NEITHER LECTROSONICS, INC. NORANYONE INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OR DELIVERY OF THE EQUIPMENT SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS EQUIPMENT EVEN IF LECTROSONICS, INC. HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE LIABILITY OF LECTROSONICS, INC. EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OF ANY DEFECTIVE EQUIPMENT.This warranty gives you specific legal rights. You may have additional legal rights which vary from state to state.15 September 2015。

岛津液相色谱仪lc-16操作规程

岛津液相色谱仪lc-16操作规程

岛津液相色谱仪lc-16操作规程一、前言岛津液相色谱仪LC-16是一种常用的分析仪器，广泛应用于医药、化工、环保、食品等领域。

有效的操作方法能够保证仪器的正常运行和分析结果的准确性。

本文将详细介绍LC-16的操作规程，以便操作人员正确、高效地使用该仪器。

二、仪器检查与准备1.打开仪器：首先确保电源插座连接良好，然后打开电源开关，待指示灯亮起后，操作主机面板上的“电源”按钮。

2.检查系统状态：等待3分钟左右，系统自检完毕后，确认仪器状态是否正常。

检查流量计、压力计等指示器是否指示正常。

3.检查溶剂：确认进样器中的溶剂是否充足，并检查进样器密封垫是否完好。

4.准备色谱柱：在试样进样前，应先连接色谱柱，并用适当的溶剂进行平衡。

5.初始设定：按照操作手册的要求进行初始设定，包括流速、波长、检测器灵敏度等。

三、样品准备与进样操作1.样品准备：将待测试的样品溶解于适当的溶剂中，进行滤过处理以去除杂质。

2.进样操作：将样品用微量注射器注入进样器中，确保不产生气泡或溢出，并注意不影响进样器密封。

四、色谱条件设置1.流动相设置：按照实验要求，调节流动相组成和流速，确保保持恒定。

2.色谱柱温度：根据样品的特性，设置色谱柱的温度。

3.检测器参数：根据所需检测方式，设置检测器的参数，包括波长、响应时间等。

五、色谱分离操作1.启动进样：按照操作手册的要求，启动进样器，并检查样品是否成功进入色谱柱。

2.开始分离：确认所有参数设置无误后，将仪器调至运行状态，开始进行分离操作。

3.监控分离进程：根据检测器输出的信号，监控分离进程，确保分离效果。

根据需要，可调整参数以优化分离。

六、数据处理与结果分析1.数据采集：监控检测器输出的信号，进行数据采集。

确保采集到准确、完整的数据。

2.数据处理：使用色谱软件对采集到的数据进行处理，包括峰识别、积分、定量计算等。

3.结果输出：将处理后的结果输出到打印机或计算机中，保存记录。

七、仪器关闭与维护1.关闭仪器：在操作结束后，按照操作手册要求，逆序关闭各个部件，包括检测器、色谱柱、进样器等。