动词变形容词小结
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英语动词变形容词规则口诀
【实用版】
目录
1.英语动词变形容词的规则
2.动词变形容词的口诀
正文
一、英语动词变形容词的规则
在英语中,动词变形容词是一种常见的语法现象。
动词通过变化形式,可以表达形容词的意义,用于描述人或事物的特性、状态等。
英语动词变形容词的规则主要有以下几点:
1.在动词原形后加-ful,-able,-ish,-ive,-ous 等后缀,构成形容词。
2.有些动词在变形容词时,需要去掉词尾的-e,再加上上述后缀。
3.部分动词在变形容词时,需要进行其他形式的变化。
二、动词变形容词的口诀
为了帮助大家更好地记忆这些规则,这里提供一个口诀:
“有形加-ful,有能力加-able,有愿望加-ish,有特征加-ive,有
性质加-ous。
”
这个口诀概括了英语动词变形容词的主要规则,只要掌握了这个口诀,就可以轻松地将动词变为形容词。
例如,以“run”(跑)为例,根据口诀,我们可以得出其形容词形式为“run-able”,意为“可跑的”。
同样地,“sleep”(睡)的形容词形式
为“sleep-ful”,意为“使人困倦的”。
通过以上讲解,相信大家已经对英语动词变形容词的规则有了一定的
了解。
动词变名词方式小结(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人1)-an, -ain, 表示"……地方的人,精通……的人" American, historian,2)-al, 表示"具有……职务的人" principal,3)-ant,-ent, 表示"……者" merchant, agent, servant, student,4)-ar, 表示"……的人" scholar, liar, peddler5)-ard, -art, 表示"做……的人" coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)6)-arian, 表示"……派别的人,……主义的人" humanitarian, vegetarian7)-ary, 表示"从事……的人" secretary, missionary8)-ant, 表示"具有……职责的人" candidate, graduate9)-ator, 表示"做……的人" educator, speculator(投机者)10) -crat, 表示"某种政体,主义的支持者" democrat, bureaucrat11) -ee, 表示"动作经受者" employee, examinee12) -eer, 表示"从事于……人" engineer, volunteer13) -er, 表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地域,地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager14) -ese, 表示" ……国人,…..地方的人" Japanese, Cantonese15) -ess, 表示"阴性人称名词,actress, hostess, manageress16) -eur, 表示"……家" amateur, littérateur17) -ian, 表示"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人" Christian, physician(内科医生),musician18) -ician, 表示"精通者,……家," electrician, magician, technician19) -icist, 表示"……家,…….者, …….能手" physicist, phoneticist, technicist20) -ic, 表示"……者,……师" mechanic, critic21) -ie, 表示"爱,指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)22) -ier, 表示"从事……职业" cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)23) -ine, ian, 表示"阴性人称" heroine, ballerina24) -ist, 表示"从事……研究者,信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist25) -ive, 表示"动作者,行为者" native, captive26) -logist, 表示"……学家,研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)27) -or, 表示"……者" author, doctor, operator,28) -ster, 表示"做…….情形的人" youngster, gamester(赌徒),songster29) -yer, 表示" 从事……职业者" lawyer(2). 组成,具有抽象名词的含义1) -acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" accuracy, diplomacy2) -age, 表示"状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称" courage, storage, marriage3) -al, a) 表示"事物的动作,进程" refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approvalb) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal4) -ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,进程,总量,程度" endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience5) -ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,进程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,6) -bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, feasibility,7) -craft, 表示"工艺,技能" woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策)8) -cracy, 表示"统治,支配" bureaucracy, democracy9) -cy, 表示"性质,状态,职位,级别" bankruptcy(破产),supremacy10) -dom, 表示"品级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom11) -ery, -ry, 表示"行为,状态,习性" bravery, bribery, rivalry12) -ety, 表示"性质,状态" variety, dubiety(怀疑)13) -faction, -facture, 表示"作成,……化,作用" satisfaction, manufacture14) -hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood15) -ice, 表示"行为,性质,状态" notice, justice, service16) -ine, 表示"带有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine17) -ing, 表示"动作的进程,结果" building, writing, learning18) -ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的进程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction19) -ise, 表示"性质,状态" exercise, merchandise(商业)20) -ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism21) -ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度" purity, reality, ability, calamity22) -ment, 表示"行为,状态,进程,手腕及其结果treatment, movement, judgment,punishment, argument23) -mony, 表示"动作的结果,状态" ceremony, testimony24) -ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness25) -or, -our, 表示"动作,性质,状态" favor, error,26) -osity, 表示"动作,状态" curiosity27) -ship, 表示"情形,性质,技能,技术及身份,职业" hardship, membership, friendship28) -th, 表示"动作,性质,进程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth29) -tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)30) -ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),31) -y, 表示"行为的结果,状态,性质" glory, history, victory, inquiry(3) 带有场所,地方的含义1) -age, 表示"居处,地址" village, cottage2) -ary, 表示"居处,场地" library, granary (谷仓)3) -ery, ry, 表示"工作场所,饲养所,地址" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)4) -ory, 表示"工作场所,住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory(4) 带有学术,科技含义1) -grapy, 表示"……学,写法" biography, calligraphy, geography2) -ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics3) -ology, 表示"……学……论" biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)4) -nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)5) -ery, 表示"学科,技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery6) -y, 表示"……学,术,法" photography, philosophy(5) 表示人和事物的总和,集合含义1) -age, baggage, tonnage2) -dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)5)-ure, legislature, judicature(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义1) -ant, ent, solvent, constant2) -al, signal, pictorial(画报)3) ar, collar, pillar(石柱)4) - er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker5) -ery, drapery(绸缎)6) -ing, clothing, matting,7) -ment, instrument, equipment, attachment(7) 表示"细些的含义1)-cle, particle,2)-cule, molecule(分子)3)-el, parcel4)-en, chicken, maiden5)-et, pocket, ticket6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)7)-kin, napkin8)-ling, duckling,9)-let, booklet10) -y, baby, doggy动词变形容词小结1.词尾加ful:use - useful, care - careful, help - helpful,thank - thankfulpeace - peaceful, forget - forgetful, play - playful,succeed - successful, wonder - wonderful2.词尾加d或ed:please - pleased, unite - united, excite - excited,surprise - surprised, organize - organized, close - closed,wound - wounded, relax - relaxed,develop - developed,appreciate - appreciated,frustrate - frustrated,interest - interested, annoy - annoyed, use - used,frighten - frightened, crowd - crowded, thrill - thrilled,pollute - polluted3.词尾加ing:interest - interesting, surprise - surprising, excite - excitingdevelop - developing, frighten - frightening,thrill - thyrillingfrustrate - frustrating, relax _ relaxing, live - livingrock - rocking, sleep - sleeping4.词尾变y为i,加ed:worry - worried, marry - married,fry - fried, terrify - terrifiedsatisfy - satisfied5.词尾加able:know - knowledgeable, enjoy - enjoyabe,suit - suitableadjust - adjustable, comfort - comfortable6.其它:lose - lost, fool - foolish, live - lively / alive /living,sleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep,wake - awake, taste - tastyspeak - spoken, break - broken, die - dead, educate - aducational, world – worldwide名词变形容词的方式小结1.名词后加-y, 如:luck→lucky, cloud→cloudy; wind→windy; rain→rainy;sun→sunny, snow→snowy noise-noisy health→healthy2.在名词后加-ly, 如:friend→friendly love→lovely day→daily3.方位名词加-ern,如:east→eastern west→western south→southern north→northern形容词后缀(1)带有“属性,偏向,相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible2)-al, natural, additional, educational3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent5)-ar, similar, popular, regular6)-ary, military, voluntary7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine9)-ing, moving, touching, daring10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(高雅的)(2) 表示“相象,类似”的含义1)-ish, boyish, childish2)-esque, picturesque3)-like, manlike, childlike4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly5)-some, troublesome, handsome6)-y, milky, pasty(3) 表示“充分的”含义1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various3)-ent, violent,(4) 表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen2)-ous, gaus3)-fic, scientific(5) 表示方向的含义1)-ern, eastern, western2)-ward, downward, forward(6) 表示“倍数”的含义1)-ble, double, treble2)ple, triple3)-fold, twofold, tenfold(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义1)-teen, thirteen2)-ty, fifty3)-th, fourth, fiftieth(8) 表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义1)-an, Roman, European2)-ese, Chinese,3)-ish, English, Spanish(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义1)-er, greater2)-ish, reddish, yellowish3)-est, highest4)-most, foremost, topmost(10)其他的含义-less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless。
1.词尾加fuluse →useful 有用的care →careful 小心的help →helpful 有帮助的thank →thankful 感激的peace →peaceful 和平的forget →forgetful 健忘的play →playful 有趣的succeed →successful 成功的wonder →wonderful 精彩的2.词尾加d或ed:please →pleased 高兴的unite →united 联合的excite →excited 激动的surprise →surprised 惊讶的organize →organized 有组织的close →closed 封闭的wound →wounded 受伤的appreciate →appreciated 感激的frustrate →frustrated 沮丧的interest →interested 感兴趣的annoy →annoyed 恼怒的use →used 用过的frighten →frightened 惊吓的crowd →crowded 拥挤的thrill →thrilled 兴奋的pollute →polluted 污染的relax →relaxed 放松的develop →developed 发达的advance→advanced 先进的3.词尾加ing:interest →interesting 有趣的surprise →surprising 令人惊讶的excite →exciting 令人兴奋的develop →developing 发展中的frighten →frightening 惊恐的thrill →thrilling 令人兴奋的sleep →sleeping 入睡的frustrate →frustrating 令人沮丧的relax →relaxing 令人放松的live →living 活着的rock →rocking 摇晃的4.词尾变y为i,加ed:worry →worried 担忧的marry →married 已婚的fry →fried 油煎的terrify →terrified 恐惧的satisfy →satisfied 感到满意的5.词尾加able:know →knowledgeable 博学的enjoy →enjoyable 令人愉快的suit →suitable 合适的adjust →adjustable 可调整的comfort →comfortable 舒适的accept→acceptable 可接受的respect→respectable 体面的6.其它:lose →lost 迷失的fool →foolish 愚蠢的live →lively / alive / living 活着的wake →awake 醒着的taste →tasty 美味的speak →spoken 口语的break →broken 破损的die →dead 死的educate →educational 教育的7.形容词变动词modern→modernize 现代化social→socialize 使社会主义化fast→fasten 系牢short→shorten 变短long→lengthen→length 变长wide→widen 变宽less→lessen 变少strong→strengthen→strength 加强weak→weaken 变弱large→enlarge 扩大。
1.词尾加fuluse →useful 有用的care →careful 小心的help →helpful 有帮助的thank →thankful 感激的peace →peaceful 和平的forget →forgetful 健忘的play →playful 有趣的succeed →successful 成功的wonder →wonderful 精彩的2.词尾加d或ed:please →pleased 高兴的unite →united 联合的excite →excited 激动的surprise →surprised 惊讶的organize →organized 有组织的close →closed 封闭的wound →wounded 受伤的appreciate →appreciated 感激的frustrate →frustrated 沮丧的interest →interested 感兴趣的annoy →annoyed 恼怒的use →used 用过的frighten →frightened 惊吓的crowd →crowded 拥挤的thrill →thrilled 兴奋的pollute →polluted 污染的relax →relaxed 放松的develop →developed 发达的advance→advanced 先进的3.词尾加ing:interest →interesting 有趣的surprise →surprising 令人惊讶的excite →exciting 令人兴奋的develop →developing 发展中的frighten →frightening 惊恐的thrill →thrilling 令人兴奋的sleep →sleeping 入睡的frustrate →frustrating 令人沮丧的relax →relaxing 令人放松的live →living 活着的rock →rocking 摇晃的4.词尾变y为i,加ed:worry →worried 担忧的marry →married 已婚的fry →fried 油煎的terrify →terrified 恐惧的satisfy →satisfied 感到满意的5.词尾加able:know →knowledgeable 博学的enjoy →enjoyable 令人愉快的suit →suitable 合适的adjust →adjustable 可调整的comfort →comfortable 舒适的accept→acceptable 可接受的respect→respectable 体面的6.其它:lose →lost 迷失的fool →foolish 愚蠢的live →lively / alive / living 活着的wake →awake 醒着的taste →tasty 美味的speak →spoken 口语的break →broken 破损的die →dead 死的educate →educational 教育的7.形容词变动词modern→modernize 现代化social→socialize 使社会主义化fast→fasten 系牢short→shorten 变短long→lengthen→length 变长wide→widen 变宽less→lessen 变少strong→strengthen→strength 加强weak→weaken 变弱large→enlarge 扩大。