汉英段落翻译_4

大学英语三级A级-翻译——英译汉(四)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section A 选择题Directions:This part is to test your ability to (总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.The general manager must act as a kind of public relations person as well as the head of the company's management.∙ A.总经理不仅要当好公关人员，而且要领导好公司。

∙ B.总经理作为公关人员，也一定要当好公司的领导。

∙ C.总经理不仅是公司的管理首脑，还必须起某种公关人物的作用。

∙ D.总经理要管理好自己的公司，首先必须管理好公司的公关人员。

（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 本题考查点：as well as，除……之外(也)，和……一样，不但……而且。

需要注意的是，在A as well as B的结构里，语意的重点在A，不在B。

as well as和not only...but also...同义，但前者的语意重点和后者的语意重点恰好颠倒。

2.With increasing awareness of the environment, people have realized that the way coal is used is critical and new approaches have to be sought.∙ A.尽管环境意识提高了，人们认为使用煤炭仍然是重要的，并且已经找到了新的方法。

∙ B.随着环境意识的增强，人们认识到使用煤炭的方法应该受到批评，必须寻找新的途径。

∙ C.随着环境意识的日益增强，人们认识到如何使用煤炭至关重要，因而得寻求新的方法。

∙ D.尽管人们对环境越来越了解，他们也认识到使用煤炭应该受到批评，但要寻找新的能源才行。

英汉段落翻译试题Passage 1Kunitz, whose own work has a simple elegance, sees great value in the innovations of slam and hip-hop poets. “The various and diverse populations of the earth contribute to mainstream poetry,” he says, “and this contribution needs to occ ur generation after generation in order to invigorate the tradition itself.” Otherwise, “certain styles, techniques, even meanings tend to consolidate and perpetuate.” The poet’s life, he explains, is a process of transformation. “One must build a new imag e of self, out of which comes new styles, new leaps in one’s work.”Passage 2So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever? I believe it is. We know that the well-being of the human race is tied to the well-being of many other species, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival. But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save some species-be it an elephant or an orchid—in a nation in which a sizable percentage of the people are living below the poverty line?Passage 3American culture is not conservative; it is democratic. Given their strong suspicion of inherited authority and their almost infinite faith in an individual’s right to shape his own destiny, Americans have trouble accepting social customs whose provenance is unclear and whose authority they never consented to. This dose not mean that Americans are always comfortable with diversity, for as we know there have been periods of stifling conformity and moralism in American history. What it does mean is that Americans see cultural changes as matters of principle that need to be publicly debated, and those debates can be polarizing. Americans have a reputation abroad for being pragmatic, which in economic and technical matters might be true. But on large political issues, and almost all cultural ones, Americans tend to be dogmatic and uncompromising because they see democratic principles at stake in them.Passage 4But last August, she was fired—for refusing to wear makeup. Earlier this moth, Ms. Jespersen filed suit against her former employer in US district court, saying that being forced to wear mascara, lipstick, blush, and face powder to keep her job was not only humiliating but also gender discrimination. Her case is setting up the latest test of how far companies can go in mandating what employees should look like on the job. From men suing for the right to sport goatees, to airline stewardesses tired of company-mandated dieting, to TV news anchors being replaced because of encroaching wrinkles, the past quarter century has been filled with lawsuits by employees demanding their rights to look and be who they are.Passage 5By the time of the Great Depression in the 1930s, however, the image of the entrepreneur as an American ideal had lost much of its luster. The crucial change came w ith the rise of corporation. Few business barons remained. They were replaced by “technocrats” as the heads of corporations. These executives, expert in every phase of corporate activity, became the indispensable cogs in theindustrial machine. The high-salaried manager replaced the swaggering tycoon. The big business leaders today are often involved in many areas of public life. They not only direct the fate of corporations, they also serve on boards in their community and as university trustees. The new corporate leaders fly to Washington to confer with government officials on national policy. They are concerned about the state of the national economy and America’s relationship with other nations.Passage 6Rising prices prompted many labor unions to demand higher wages, and in 1946, when their demands were not met, more than 4,500,000 workers engaged in strikes. This demonstration of strength by labor alarmed a large segment of the public, and so the following year a republican-controlled Congress enacted the Taft-Hartley Act. This measure was strongly opposed by labor leaders—it required a 60-day notice before either a union or an employer could end a contract, permitting management to sue union officials for violation of contract and limiting certain union privileges contained in existing contracts. Although labor continued to win higher wages along with increased security through retirement pensions and health insurance financed by employers, they viewed the Taft-Hartley restrictions as a deliberated attempt to eliminate much of their ability to bargain with industry. During the election of 1948, President Truman and the Democratic Party pledged to repeal the act.Passage 7The new administration sought legislative remedies for these conditions. An Area development Act gave the federal government power to help depressed communities start new industries and build needed public facilities. Another law provided retraining, with pay, for workers either unemployed or in low-paying jobs through lack of needed skills. In addition, states were given emergency authority to extend unemployment－insurance payments for 13 weeks beyond the standard 26-week period. Following the examples of his two predecessors, President Kennedy requested Congress to liberalize some of the existing social legislation. As a result, the Social Security Act provided workers the option to retire at age 62 instead of 63; the minimum wage was increased to $1.25 an hour; and the federal housing program was stepped up to help elderly persons and families with low or moderate incomes find homes at a reasonable cost.Passage 8It reminds us of what we believe and what we do not believe, what we need and what we want as a group. By portraying the enemy as the other, the threat, the danger to our stability and to our sense of order and value, we willingly come together to resist and to reassert our oneness with the group we belong to. We cooperate in order to rid ourselves of the threat from the unfamiliar, the different—them. In the process, we share our ideas, feelings, resources and willingly face threats we would normally avoid. Our enemy has made us human and civilized by forcing us to suppress our narcissistic urges and desires for the good of all. We become involved in our community of hate and, like good soldiers, obey orders by persuading ourselves that unless we do so ,our way of life-our values and beliefs—will be destroyed and we will have to embrace the values, beliefs, practices of those we have just made unfamiliar, unlike ourselves—the enemy. This will require change and we all know how utterly disruptive that can be to a well-ordered, habitual way of life. No wonder we are so angry and so eager to remove this threat.Passage 9Adolescence and age are the two stages in lives when the need for friendship is crucial. In theformer stage, teens are plagued by uncertainty and mixed feelings. In the lat4ter stage, older people are upset by feelings of uselessness and insignificance. In both instances, friends can make a dramatic difference. With close friends in their lives, people develop courage and positive attitudes. Teenagers have the moral support to assert their individuality; the elderly approach their advanced years with optimism and an interest in life. These positive outlooks are vital to cope successfully with the crises inherent in these two stages of life.Passage 10It’s going to be a nervous year. The nabob of nerves at the moment surely has to be Microsoft CEO Bill Gates. Microsoft closed out 1994 by announcing that the long－awaited Windows 95 would not now hit the streets until August-almost two years after the first projected release date. The expected bounty, as millions of users upgrade to the new system, may now not roll in until early 1996. The announcement saw Microsoft’s stock price drop $2.75 to $59.87 (it has already bounced back) and the shares of some software developers sagged, too. The problem for the developers is that Windows 95 catches up with improvements in hardware to become a 32-bit system (i.e., able to handl e any combination of 32 bits of data simultaneously). They can’t release 32-bit versions of their applications until the new system is available and, in the meantime, customers aren’t upgrading their old 16-bit applicationsPassage 11While our neighbors Venus and Mars would reflect a fairly even glow, Earth would put on a little show. Earth’s light would brighten and dim as it spins, because oceans, deserts, forests and clouds—which are all too small to be seen from such a distance—reflect varying amounts of sunlight. The variations, it turns out, are so strong and distinctive that a surprising amount of information could be taken from a simple ebb and flow of light. Scientists at Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study conducted a detaile d study of Earth’s reflections not for insights into an alien’s view of our home planet, but as a way for human scientists to learn about distant planets that may be like our own. They are participating in the early planning for a NASA mission known as the Terrestrial Planet Finder, a space probe that will scan the skies for planets hospitable to life.Passage 12It was tempting to say that Sept.11 changed all that, just as it is tempting to say that every hero needs a villain, and good needs evil as its grinding stone. But try looking a widow in the eye and talking about all the good that has come of this. It may not be a coincidence, but neither is it a partnership: good doesnot end evil, we owe no debt to demons and the attack did not make us better. It was an occasion to discover what we already were. “Maybe the purpose of all this,” New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliami said at a funeral for a friend, “is to find out America today is as strong as when we fought for our independence or when we fought for ourselves as a union to end slavery of as strong as our fathers and grandfathers who fought to rid the world of Nazis m.” The terrorists, he argues, were counting on our cowardice. They’ve learned a lot about us since then. And so have we.Passage 13It involves, in the first place, the historical sense, which we may call nearly indispensable to anyone who would continue to be a poet beyond his twenty-fifth year; and the historical sense involves a perception, not only the pastness of the past, but of its presence; the historical sense compels a man to write not merely with his own generation in his bones, but with a feeling that the whole of the literature of Europe from Homer and within it the whole of the literature of his own country has a simultaneous existence and composes a simultaneous order. This historical sense, which is a sense of the timeless as well as the temporal and of the timeless and of the temporal together, is what makes a writer traditional. And it is at the same time what makes a writer most acutely conscious of his place in time, of his contemporaneity.Passage 14No English language central authority guards the purity of the language; therefore, many dialects have developed; American, British, Canadian, Indian, and Australian, to name a few. There is no standard pronunciation. Btu within this diversity is a unity of grammar and one set of core vocabulary, thus, each country that speaks the language can inject aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary. There is no reason to believe that any one other language will appear within the next 50 years to replace English. However, it is possible that English will not keep its monopoly in the 21stcentury. Rather a small number of languages may form an oligopoly-each with a special area of the Latino population in the United States. This could create a bilingual English-Spanish region.Passage 15But A mericans are a restless people who are always ready to move. So, although they enjoy the life in the suburbs, they will by no means end their pursuit there. When his income rises as his career makes progress, he soon looks for a better house, in a better district, with more land, a better view, a bigger and finer swimming pool. He may be attached to the house which is home for the time being but this does not mean that he will put his roots there. Today’s job, today’s income, today’s friends and neighborhood: all these are part of an A merican’s (and his family’s) identity. Instant coffee, instant friends—but nothing is seen as permanent; an American hopes and expects to exchange them all for something better; and he finds no difficulty in identifying himself with the new.Passage16There has been nothing more without a definition, than excellence; although it is what we are more concerned with, than anything else whatsoever; yet, we are concerned with nothing else. But what is this excellence? Wherein is one thing excellent, and another evil; one beautiful, and another deformed? Some have said that all excellence is harmony, symmetry, or proportion; but they have not yet explained it. We would know, why proportion is more excellent than disproportion; that is, why proportion is pleasant to the mind, and disproportion unpleasant? Proportion is a thing that may be explained yet further. It is an equality or likeness of ratios; so that it is the equality, which makes the proportion. Excellency therefore seems to consist in equality.Passage 17Outside on the deck with my younger sister, Ann, and sister-in-law, Candace, I watch the distant night li ght s shimmer against the dark folds of North Carolina’s Blue Ridge Mountains. I am fine, certainlyfar better than I was a year earlier, when I’d arrived for my family’s annual reunion reeling from a doctor’s shock bulletin that my husband, Joe, and I would not be able to conceive a child I’d spent most of that week holed up in my parents’ yellow guest room, hiding for everyone, particularly my five young nieces and nephews. Joe had spent most of that week worrying about my alarmingly fragile state of mind.Passage18Today we need a leadership that recognizes that the fundamental challenge in this nuclear hi-tech ear is one of psychology and education of the field of human relations. It is not the kind of problem that is likely to be resolved by expertise-even the sophisticated expertise of our most gifted military thinkers, who delight in exotic weapon systems and strategic doctrines. The attributes upon which we must draw are the human attributes of compassion and common sense, of intellect and creative imagination, and of empathy and understanding between cultures. As Abraham Lincoln put it in his second annual message to Congress, during the worst days of the Civil War, “As our case is new, so we must think anew and act anew. We must disenthrall ourselves, and then we shall save our country.”Passage 19When, upon some slight encouragement, I first visited your Lordship, I was overpowered, like the rest of mankind, by the enchantment of your address; and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself; that I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world contending; but I found my attendance so little encouraged, that neither pride nor modesty would suffer me to continue it. When I had once addressed your Lordship in Pubic, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess. I had done all that I could; and no man is well pleased to have his all neglected, bi it ever so little.Passage 20But his worries are also considerable. Though he may become neurotic abou t competition, the competition is real enough. He may round on his critics, or accuse his publishers of spending too little on advertisements. He may—with an engaging candor, in the case of Mailer—do his own advertising. But he is growing older; and the young are the arbiters whom he must please. He tends to become obsessed by youthfulness. Unless he has kept his head, or has exceptional talent, he tends to drop away, outmoded along with his brand of fiction, discarded like the partners and the pop singers who have also lost favor. It is a cruel process. The public is fickle, and treats yesterday’s idols with malice and animus, waiting to hear that they have hit bottom, taken to drink, or killed themselves.。

20秋《英汉／汉英翻译》作业4随着人数的增加，他们力量也增加了。

A:As the increse of the number, their power is increased B:Their power increased with their number.答案：BThey called for immediate measures to crack down the rising smuggling activity.A:他们要求立即采取措施以打击（日渐）增多的走私活动B:他们要求立刻实行措施，减少上升的走私活动。

答案：AThe burning question&nbsp;of my childhood&nbsp;had been richly answered.<br><br>A:我小时候梦寐以求想得到答案的问题，终于得到了圆满的回答B:我儿童时代在心中燃烧的问题，终于得到了充分的回答。

答案：A他妹妹老是说谎。

A:His sister always tells liesB:His sister is a great liar.答案：B当今世界正处在历史性的大变动之中，国际竞争日趋激烈。

A:The world today is undergoing a historical change and international competition is getting increasingly tenser B:today's world is undertaking historical change, international competition becomes serious day by day.答案：A质量服务月A:Quality Service MonthB:Quantity Service Month答案：AI don＇t suppose you need to worry.A:我看你不必担心B:我不指望你担心。

英语四级翻译练习与译文【翻译原文】放鞭炮曾是春节庆祝活动中最重要的习俗之一。

然而，担心燃放鞭炮可能会带来危险和烦人的噪音，政府已在许多大城市下令禁止燃放鞭炮。

但在小城镇和农村地区的人们仍然坚持这种传统的庆祝活动。

除夕夜一旦时钟撞响午夜12点钟，城市和乡镇都被烟花的闪闪光芒映亮，鞭炮声震耳欲聋。

一家人熬夜就为这个欢乐的时刻，孩子们一手拿鞭炮，一手拿火机兴高采烈地点放着他们在这个特殊节日的快乐，尽管他们吓得捂着耳朵。

【参考译文】Lighting Firecrackers used to be one of the most important customs in the Spring Festival celebration. However, concerning the danger and the negative noises that lighting firecrackers may bring, the government has banned this practice in many major cities. But people in small towns and rural areas still hold to this traditional celebration. Right as the clock strike 12 oclock midnight of New Years Eve, cities and towns are lit up with the glitter from fireworks, and the sound can be deafening. Families stay up for this joyful moment and kids with firecrackers in one hand and a lighter in another cheerfully light their happiness in this especial occasion, even though they plug their ears.【翻译原文】在春节第一天或此后不久，大家都穿着新衣服，带着弓向亲戚和朋友打招呼并恭喜(祝贺)，彼此祝愿在新的一年里好运，幸福。

1Lexicography1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language2) One isimmersed in the details of language as in no other field. 3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole 5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being 6)People must plan them collect information and write them.7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.8 )No other form of writing is at once so quixotic and so intensely practical.9) Dictionary making does not require brilliance or originality of mind.10) It does require high intelligence mastery of the craft and dedication to hard work.11) If one has produced a dictionary one has the satisfaction of having produced a work of enduring value.2.Pollution1) Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated and industrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he lives.2) Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. 3) Now ―growth‖ industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.4) The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air water and land.5) This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living, in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of.6) The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.7) Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.1参考译文词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。

Unit4Law and orderReadingThe rules of law法律与秩序Have you ever wondered when and where the law originated?Around12,000 years ago in the Middle East,small permanent farming communities were established,changing traditional nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles.Different groups were closely living together and dealing with unfamiliar behaviours,beliefs and attitudes.To prevent chaos and resolve conflicts,the rules of conduct and consequences for unacceptable behaviours were created.Hence,the concept of law was born.你有没有想过法律起源于何时何地?大约1.2万年前，中东地区建立了小型永久性农业社区，改变了传统的游牧狩猎采集生活方式。

不同的群体紧密地生活在一起，处理不熟悉的行为、信仰和态度。

为了防止混乱和解决冲突，制定了行为规则和不可接受行为的后果。

因此，法律的概念诞生了。

Many ancient civilizations arose in the Middle East,so it is not surprising that law codes first appeared there.The oldest discovered,the Code of Ur-Nammu,dates back to about4,000years ago.The code presented laws in the cause-and-effect format, a style used in nearly all later codes.Another one discovered,the Code of Hammurabi, was composed around300years later,which is one of the longest,best-organized and best-preserved legal texts.This code was among the first to implement the concept “innocent until proven guilty”.Both codes have features in common.For instance, they treated a variety of matters,but often ignored some important rules,because such rules were deeply grounded in custom.许多古老的文明都起源于中东，因此法典最早出现在那里也就不足为奇了。

1、由于学生们的积极参与，这次足球赛进行得很顺利。

(thanks to)Thanks to the active participation of the students, the football match went on very smoothly. 2、这部电影描写了一位中国老人的幸福时光。

(happy moments)This film describes the happy moments of an old Chinese man.3、因特网的普及改变了人们以往寻找新朋友和新观点的方式。

(wide use of)The wide use of Internet has changed the way we used to discover new friends and new ideas.4、在众多的网址中，有很多是非盈利的网址。

(non-profit site)Among the great number of websites, many are non-profit ones.5、老年网为美国的一些老年人提供了表达自己情感的机会。

(express one's feelings) SeniorNet provides the opportunity for some American seniors to express their feelings.6、学生们谈论的话题涉及文化和政治。

(range from)The conversation topics of the students range from culture to politics.7、这位老人甚至在患病期间还经常安慰他人。

(in times of sickness)The old man often comforted others even in time of sickness.8、看来我们不能回避一些少量的难题。

Unit 4 EconomyLesson 10 (E—C)A Golbal EconmyRsident Clinton realized—as all of us must—that today’s economy is global. We live in an era in which information, goods and capital sped around the globe, every hour of every day. Whther we like it or not, all of our fortunes are tied together. We are truly interdependent.America supports international trade because we believe fundamentally that trade will enrich those nations who embrace its discipline. The great promise of trade is its potential to promote mutual prosperity—and to strengthen the bonds between sovereign nations.The U.S. and China both demonstrate the potential of trade to improve the lives of our people. Y ou know better than I the great achievements of the Chinese economy over the past two decades. In 1977, the sum total of Chinese imports and exports was less than $15 billion, putting China’s share of world trade at 0.6 percent. The most populosus country in the world, China ranked a distant 30th among exporting nations. By 1993 China’s exports and imports totaled nearly $200 billion. China had become the world’s tenth largest exporter.Since 1978, when China began opening its econnomy to imcreased foreign investment and trade, aggregate outpou has more than doubled. The strongest growth has occurred in the coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan, where foreign investment and modern production methoods have spurred productin of both domestic and export goods. Per capita GNP has grown at an average rate of 7.6% from 1980-1992.The numbers are interesting, but how has this affected the people of China? In the last decade, telephone connections rose more than 60%. Electrical production more than doubled to 621 million kilowatt hours. In short, China has improved the economic well-being of its people.The people of the United States also have experienced the benefits of world trade. Since World War II, the U.S. has been the world’s largest econnomy and, in most years, the world’s largest eporter.But the importance of trade in our economy had exploded in the past three decades. In 1970, the value of two way trade was equal to just 13% of the U.S. economy. Last year, that figure, at 28%, was more than twice as high. In just the last seven years, jobs supported bu U.S. exports (goods and services) have risen by 4 million, to a total of 11 million. That’s almost one out of ten American jobs. Last year U.S. trade equalled $1.8 trillion dollars.Nor is the importance of trade likely to diminish for either China or the United States. China will continue to depend upon lucrative export markets to earn the foreign exchange it needs to develop and grow. At the same time, China’s imports will supply the much needed machinery and technology to fuel its continued development.For the United States, new commercial opportunities will grow most rapidly in the emerging markets. We estimate that three quarters of new eport opportunities over the next twenty years that’s an incredible $1.9 trillion in potential exports—will come in the emerging markets of Asia and Latin America. This means jobs for American workers and a higher standard of living for the American people.(Ecerpted form “Remarks by Ambassador Kantor at the University of International Business and Economics”, 1995)译文：一个全球性的经济正如每个人必须认识到的那样，克林顿总统认识到当今的经济具有全球性质。