明喻和暗喻

the golden age stormy applause iron will a silver tongue a biting north wind

黄金时代 雷鸣般的掌声 钢铁般的意志 流利的口才 刺骨的北风

Exercise:
His speech touched off a stormy protest. 他的演讲引起了强烈的抗议。 We regard it as a burning shame to have lagged behind. 我们把落后看成是奇耻大辱。 他有着极好的机会。 He has a golden opportunity.
1). 她看上去似乎是冰做的。 She looked as if she were made of ice.
2). 河床上遍布裂缝，像是在大声抗 议人类在开发自然资源时的贪婪。
The cracks are everywhere on the riverbed as if they were shouting protests against man’s greed in exploiting natural resources.
茶 tea
饮茶在英国是社会生活的一个重要部分，表现出丰富的 生活情趣。 • one’s cup of tea 表示某人喜爱的东西 由于茶在中国人的生活中十分常见，所以茶一般就指生 活的必需品，比如“柴米油盐酱醋茶”“粗茶淡饭”。 牛奶 milk
牛奶在西方人的饮食中一直占有很重要的地位，因此有些与 之有关的表达方式。

( 3 )形容词型 ( adjective metaphors ) It is a thorny problem／issue／subject. 这是个棘手的问题(题目) 。 The girl is a dead shot. 这位姑娘是神枪手! He loves a rosy cheek. 他喜欢玫瑰色面颊。 She has a photographic memory for detail. 她对细节有照相机般的记忆力。
4. 用what引导

D.A之于B犹如C之于D A is to B what C is to D 军民关系犹如鱼水关系。 The army is to the people what fish is to water. 读书对于精神如同食物对于身体一样。 Food is to the body what reading is to mind.

Exercise:
I have been wrestling with this problem for half ah hour. 我钻研这个问题已经半小时了。 The train steamed into the station. 火车吐着气开进了车站。 He needled his way through the crowd. 他穿过人群。
2. 用as…as…



1. He is as strong as a horse 他健壮如牛 2. 这件事已经一清二楚了 （像你脸上的鼻子一样清楚） The whole event is as plain as the nose in your face.

3. Jim和他兄弟Billy很像 Jim looks like his brother Billy. 4. 我的车跑得和火车一样快 My car runs as fast as the train.

这个案子像滚雪球似地，最终成了美国历 史上最著名的审判之一。 The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it.


那男孩儿一抓到食物便狼吞虎咽般地吃了 下去。
The boy is shooting up fast. 这个小孩长得特快。 Waves thundered against the rocks. 水浪猛烈地拍打着岩岸。 The corridor was flooded with boys and girls. 走廊里挤满了男女小孩。 She melted \ dissolved into tears. 她感动得流下眼泪。 Don’t monkey with the new radio. 不要乱动新收音机。

月亮在天边升起。 一个银盘在天边升起 A silver plate (=The moon) is rising up in the sky. 众人往西边走去 人流向西涌去。 The human tide was rolling westward. ( Dickens ) The web of our life is of a mingled yarn, good and ill together. ( Shakespeare ) 我们的生活是吉凶交织而成的网。
5. 生活就像一盒巧克力 Life was like a box of chocolate.



3. 用as if或as though表示比喻关系
…his arms and legs moved unexpectedly, as if attached to unseen wires. 他手臂和双腿冷不防地移动着，就好像 译文 是连着看不见的电线似的。 句型提炼 2) Sb./Sth. does sth., as if … 某人/某物做某事就好像是……

6. 用no more＼less…than…表示比 喻关系



她不善于游泳，如同你不善于游泳一样。 He is no more skilful at swimming than you are. 我同她一样，都不喜欢玩扑克。 I am no more fond of playing poker than he is.



7. 用and结构表示比喻关系


1. A word and a stone let go cannot be called back． 一言既出，驷马难追
2. 岁月不待人 （时间和潮水一样不会等人） Time and tide wait for no man．

暗喻


Metaphor, perhaps the most important figure of speech, points out resemblance but with no acknowledging word. (Britannica Book of English Usage)

他既不是画家，也不是作家。 He is no more a writer than a painter. 他和我都读不懂西班牙语。 He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am. 我对西班牙语和希腊语同样都不懂。 I know no more Spanish than I know Greek.
He 1ives in a palace of a house. 他住在宫殿一般的房子里， 我有一个好太太。 她是天使般的妻子。 She was an angel of a wife. 我牙痛不堪。 有个牙疼的恶魔缠上了我。 I’ve got the devil of a toothache.


He is a bag of wind. 他只说不干。 He is an old woman. 他是个婆婆妈妈的人。 He is an all-purpose basket. 他是一个多面手。
( 2 ) 动词型 ( verb metaphors ) The case snowballed into one of the most famous trials in U. S. history.
• It is no use crying over spilt milk. • the milky way 银河 覆水难收
明喻和暗喻
引导方式

1. 用like＼as＼表示比喻关系 The water of the pool was too dirty，and what was more，the swimmers were packed like sardines .
他深色的眼睛里闪着光，好似擦亮了的玻璃 . 原句 : (1) His dark eyes shone like polished glass. 译文

Misfortune dogged him at every turn． 灾难老是折磨着他。 The long faced hijacker barked his orders. 那个长脸的劫机者狂吠般地发号施令。 Everything was bathed in the golden sunlight. 万物沐浴在金色的阳光下。 He tailed her into the cave. 他尾随着她走进洞穴。

1.饮料 酒 wine
酒在中英两种饮食文化里都扮演着重要的角 色，英汉语中都有用酒来作隐喻的例子。 •酒香不怕巷深。 Good wine needs no bush. 两句话的隐喻意义都是指好的东西不需要宣 传，自然会为人所知。 汉语中有“酒囊饭袋”，专门用来隐喻无用 之人，而在英文中虽然有一个极为对称的词 语，“a-good-for-nothing person”，却没 有像汉语中那样形象的比喻。
百度文库

5. 用as…，so表示比喻关系

1. As blood vessel is to a man’s body，so is railway to transportation． 2. 正如狮子是万兽之王，鹰就是禽之首。 As the lion is king of beasts，so is the eagle king of birds．
隐喻的表达形式


( 1 ) 名词型 ( noun metaphors ) Time is money. Life is a journey. All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. ( William Shakespeare ) 整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。
(2) Turning those pages and studying their 一张张翻看并研读这些照片，仿佛漂流在一条让 photographs is like flowing on a sad current 人伤心的河流上，… … 译文 … 句型提炼 1) Sb/Sth does sth like sth. 某人/某物做某事， 好像/好似…一样。 Doing sth is like (doing) sth else.做某事仿佛 (做)另一件事一样。

At once，the Eastern and Western Chang’an Roads became roaring oceans.
霎时间，东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。 （袁鹰：《十月长安街》） 他是一本活词典(百科全书) 。 He is a walking dictionary／ encyclopedia.
1). 她漂亮的长发从肩头垂下，好似一条黑 色的瀑布。 Her beautiful long hair fell down over her shoulders like a black waterfall. 2). 学如逆水行舟，不进则退。 Learning is like rowing upstream; you either struggle forward or drop behind.