下载文档原格式
被动语态(the passive voice)英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
例如：He wrote a novel. (主语he 是动作wrote 的执行者，是主动语态。
)The classroom was cleaned by him yesterday. (主语the classroom 是动作的承受者，是被动语态。
)一．被动语态的构成: be+及物动词的过去分词构成(助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化)。
Eg: The man was fooled by the two boys.It has been decided that the sports meeting would be put off.二．被动语态的用法1. 不知道动作的执行者时用被动语态。
例如：Eg: Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.The new test book will be used next term.2. 强调动作的承受者时用被动语态。
Eg: This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.3.动作的发出者不是人用被动语态Eg: Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake.4. 含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。
变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。
Eg: The pianist gave the pupils some advice.间接宾语直接宾语→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.5. 在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。
动词的被动语态①I often see her going shopping.→The school set up a special class to help poor readers.→②He made the machine yesterday.→The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.→③We will finish the work tomorrow.→I will send my second boy to school next September→④The workers are repairing the main building of the school.→They are disscussing the question in the room→⑤I was washing dishes at that time.→⑥We have finished the work.→Many countries have sent up satellites into space.→⑦We had cancelled the meeting before he arrived.→He had cleaned the room before I came back.→⑧We will have learned 1000 words by next term.→⑨He said that they would build the bridge next year→▲含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋doneWe can repair this watch in two days.→We should do the work as soon as possible.→You must pay attention to your pronunciation→1) 被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个Be动词置于主语之前；( Does Kate sometimes break glasses? → The glasses are sometimes broken by Kate.→Are the glasses sometimes broken by kate? )Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu?→Did he clean the blackboard just now?→2)否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；He doesn't show the stamps to me.→He didn't give the dictionary to me yesterday.→●Nobody can answer this question. →The question can be answered by nobody. （）The question can not be answered by anybody. ( ) Nobody can throw the rubbish everywhere.→●They haven't done anything to make the river clean.→Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean. （）Nothing has been done to make the river clean. （）He didn’t bring anything to me .→3)特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。
被动语态的构成与用法被动语态是英语中一种常见的语态形式，用以表示动作的承受者而不是执行者，对于了解英语的语法和表达方式非常重要。
本文将探讨被动语态的构成原则和用法，并结合实例进行说明。
一、被动语态的构成原则被动语态的构成通常由以下几个要素组成：谓语动词的过去分词形式、be 动词的不同形式、主语和介词（可选）。
1. 谓语动词的过去分词形式被动语态的核心是谓语动词的过去分词形式，根据谓语动词的词性不同，过去分词的形式也会有所不同。
一般而言，动词的过去分词形式是在动词原形的基础上加上-ed或-d结尾。
例如：- 动词 "write" 的过去分词形式是 "written"- 动词 "open" 的过去分词形式是 "opened"- 动词 "eat" 的过去分词形式是 "eaten"有些特殊动词存在不规则变化，需要特别注意。
例如：- 动词 "go" 的过去分词形式是 "gone"- 动词 "do" 的过去分词形式是 "done"- 动词 "see" 的过去分词形式是 "seen"2. be 动词的不同形式be 动词在被动语态中起到一个辅助动词的作用，根据不同的人称、时态、语态，be 动词有不同的形式。
常见的be 动词包括is、am、are、was、were、been、being 等。
根据句子的主谓一致和时态的变化，选择合适的 be 动词形式。
3. 主语和介词（可选）在被动语态句子中，动作的承受者通常成为主语，而动作的执行者则常常变成介词短语中的内容。
但并不是每个被动语态的句子都需要介词短语，这取决于句子结构和表达的需要。
二、被动语态的用法1. 强调行为的承受者被动语态常用来强调行为的承受者，将其放在句子的前面以增加语气的重点。
be动词的被动语态被动语态是英语中的一种语法结构，用于强调动作的接受者或事物的状态，而不是动作的执行者。
在被动语态中，be动词在不同的时态和人称中变化，而主动语态的动词则变为过去分词形式。
本文将详细解释被动语态的用法，并提供一些常见句型和注意事项。
被动语态的用法被动语态可以用于以下情况：1. 表达重点在于动作的承受者或事物的状态，而不是动作的执行者。
例句：- 主动语态：The police officer caught the thief.- 被动语态：The thief was caught by the police officer.2. 当不知道或不重要动作的执行者时，常常使用被动语态。
例句：- 主动语态：Someone stole my wallet.- 被动语态：My wallet was stolen.3. 引起谈话或文章的变化，使得焦点从动作的执行者转移到动作本身或受动者。
例句：- 主动语态：They built a new bridge in the city.- 被动语态：A new bridge was built in the city.4. 当我们想避免指责或控诉时，可以使用被动语态。
例句：- 主动语态：She broke the vase.- 被动语态：The vase was broken.被动语态的构成被动语态的构成取决于时态和人称的变化。
下面是be动词在不同时态和人称中的变化形式：一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词例句：- The house is cleaned every day.- The books are read by students.一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词例句：- The cake was eaten by everyone.- The movie was watched by millions of people.一般将来时：will be + 过去分词例句：- The package will be delivered tomorrow.- The project will be completed by next month.现在进行时：am/is/are + being + 过去分词例句：- The car is being repaired at the mechanic shop. - The report is being written by a team of experts.现在完成时：has/have been + 过去分词例句：- The book has been published.- The tickets have been sold out.被动语态的注意事项1. 当主动语态的句子使用两个宾语时，我们可以通过两种方式构成被动语态。
动词的被动语态各种时态的主动语态变被动语态：主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/does 一般现在时be( is, am , are) done一般过去时did 一般过去时be(was , are ) done一般将来will do/be (is , am , are )going to do/ be(is, am , are) to do 一般将来will be done/ be(is, am , are) going tobe done/ be(is, am , are) to bedone现在进行时be (is ,am ,are) doing 现在进行时be (is ,am ,are) being done 过去进行时be (was, were) doing 过去进行时be(was, were) being done 将来进行时will be doing 将来进行时will be being done现在完成时have (has , have) done 现在完成时have (has , have) been done过去完成时have (had) done 过去完成时have( had) been done完成进行时has/ have been doing英语语法--动词的语态1动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
1）若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。
此类动词为感官动词。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom.--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).We saw him play football on the playground.--> He was seen to play football on the playground.2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。
被动语态被动语态：是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。
如主语是动作的承受者，则使用主动语态，如果主语时动作的承受者则使用被动语态。
一：被动语态的句型肯定句：主语+be +动词过去分词+（by....) .否定句：主语+be not +动词过去分词+（by....) .一般疑问句：Be +主语 +动词过去分词+（by....)？特殊疑问句：疑问词+be +动词过去分词+（by....) .二：被动语态的十种时态一般现在时：am , is , are +动词过去分词 History is made by the people .一般过去时：was , were +动词过去分词 These new cars were made inChina in 2003.一般将来时： Shall , will +be +动词过去分词 The pen will be broken .现在进行时： am , is , are+being +动词过去分词 A new railway is beingbuilt.一条新铁路正在修建。
过去进行时：was ,were +being +动词过去分词 The roads were beingwidened.路那时正在加宽。
现在完成时：have ,has +been +动词过去分词 He has been sent to work in Shanghai.他已经被派到上海工作了。
过去完成时：had+been +动词过去分词 A new hotel had been built when Igot there .我到那时，一座新旅馆已经建好。
一般过去将来时：would , should +be +动词过去分词My neighbour said a new hotel would be built in six months .我的邻居说六个月后新旅馆就会建好的。
将来完成时：will+have been +动词过去分词Many new stadiums andgyms will have been built in Beijing by 2008.到2008年时，许多新的体育场馆将在北京建成。
1. 本讲课程涉及的知识点在高考考试大纲中对应的考点为动词的时态、语态；2. 该考点具体到考核目标与要求为：各种时态及含情态动词的被动形式主动形式表被动意义的用法不能用于被动语态的及物动词和动词短语3. 该考点常出现在单项选择题中，试题的设问大多是在一定的语境中，大体分值为1-2分；在书面表达中也重点考查了学生的语态的使用。
点拨一、知识精讲（一）动词被动语态的构成1. 被动语态的构成方式：be+ done2. get常与marry, beat, break, tear, hurt, repair, dress, pay等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态，一般指动作的结果。
【例句】These workers got paid by the hour. 这些工人是按小时得到报酬的。
状元典例—I am not going to play football this year, Mum.—That’s music to my ears. I was so afraid you _____.A. will be hurtB. would get hurtC. had got hurtD. were hurt答案：B思路分析：答语的句意为：那听起来太好了，我是那么担心你会受伤。
主句的谓语动词是was，所以可以去掉A选项。
根据句意应该用将来时，hurt作“受伤”讲时，要说be hurt，在此处get等同于be，故选B。
3. 带有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词【例句】Can this radio be repaired here?" 这里能修理这台收音机吗？Your composition must be handed in tomorrow. 你的作文明天必须交。
状元典例The best use _______ our present machine.A. must be made ofB. must be madeC. must make ofD. must make答案：A思路分析：句意为：一定要充分利用我们目前（拥有）的机器。
被动语态的用法1.一般现在时的被动语态构成为：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：我们的教室每天都被打扫。
我被要求努力研究。
刀子用于切割物品。
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成为：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：去年建了一家新商店。
恐龙蛋很久以前就被放置了。
3.现在完成时的被动语态构成为：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：这本书已经被翻译成了很多种语言。
很多国家已经发射了许多人造卫星。
4.一般将来时的被动语态构成为：will + be + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：我们城市将会建造一家新医院。
明年将会种更多的树。
5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成为：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：年轻的树必须经常浇水。
你的错误应该立即纠正。
门可能被从里面锁上了。
你的作业可以明天交。
6.现在进行时的被动语态构成为：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：___正在修理我的自行车。
现在我的自行车正在被___修理。
他们正在那里种树。
现在树正在被他们种植。
1.不及物动词没有被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years。
Dinosaurs disappeared about 65 n years ago.2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
___.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式。
在主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。
例如：make somebody do something → somebody + be + made to do something。
see somebody do somethi ng → somebody + be + seen to do something。
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by。
被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。
在被动结构的句子中，动作的执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示。
Everyone respects him.He is respected by everyone.被动语态的构成：助动词be +done（时态通过be表现出来）一．各种时态常见的被动语态形式1.一般现在时(am/is/are + done) 如：Y ou are wanted on the phone. 有电话找你。
【例】：In some parts of the world, tea _____ with milk and sugar.A. is servingB. is servedC. servesD. servedThe number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuadeB. will persuadeC. be persuadedD. are persuaded2.一般过去时(was/were+ done) 如：The city was liberated in 1949. 这座城市是1949年解放的。
【例】：I _____ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gaveB. was givenC. was givingD. had given3.一般将来时(will be done) 如：They will be invited to your party. 他们将被邀请参加你的晚会。
【例】：Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory closes.A. loseB. will be lostC. lostD. will lose4.现在进行时(am/is/are+ being done) 如：The car is being repaired. 车在修理当中。
【例】：A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month.A.will be builtB. is builtC. has been builtD. is being built–What’s that noise?–Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______.A. was testedB. will be testedC. is being testedD. has been tested5.现在完成时(have/has been done) 如：This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已被译成多种语言。
【例】：His sister left home in 1998, and ______since.A. had not been heard ofB. has not been heard ofC .had not heard ofD .has not heard of6.过去将来时(would be done) 如：The worker said that the tree would be planted. 工人说要把树种上。
【例】：In a room above the store, where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table.A. was to be heldB. has been heldC. will be heldD. is being held7.过去进行时(was/were being done) 如：The door was being painted then. 那道门正在被刷漆。
8.过去完成时(had been done) 如：The work had been finished before dark. 天黑前工作就完成了。
【例】：By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _____ in Beijing.A. would be completedB. was being completedC. has been completedD. had been completed二．被动语态的基本用法1.当强调动作的承受着，将承受者作为谈话的中心时用被动语态。
如：How long has themachine been used?2.当没有必要说出动作的执行者或根本不知道动作的执行者是谁时常用被动语态。
如：Allthe work has been finished by now. 到现在为止所有的工作都已经做完了。
3.当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时常用被动语态。
The window glass was brokenby a stone. 窗户玻璃是被石头打碎的。
4.有时出于礼貌，不便提到动作的执行者，用被动语态。
动作的执行者有可能是别人也可能是自己。
如：Enough has been done for you, but you’ve made little progress.为你做了很多，然而你却进步很少。
【课后疑难拓展】【疑难点一：较为特殊的被动语态结构】1.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态(be+ seen/heard/noticed/found/watched/observed/let/had/made + to do…)。
如：He was seen to enter the room. 有人看见他进了房子。
2.带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，常把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留不动。
如：Mrs. Smith’s daughter was warned never to drive after drinking.史密斯太太的女儿受警告酒后千万别驾驶。
3.短语动词变为被动语态时，把主要动词变为被动形式。
如：The old houses are going to bepulled down. 这些旧房子将会被拆毁。
4.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动结构表示，如：It is said that…据说…; Itis reported that…据报道…; It is supposed that…据推测…; It is hoped that…希望…; It is well known that…众所周知…;【疑难点二：主动形式表示被动意义】1.“表示事物状态特征的连系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove,turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep+形容词”构成系表结构。
如：The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。
【例】：–Do you like the material?--Y es, it ____ very soft.A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is feltBooks of this kind ____ well.A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is sold2.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write, act, cut, sell, wash, clean, eat, drink等。
这类动词一般不单独使用，常常带一个修饰语。
如：The machine runs well.机器运转良好。
3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, start, open, stop, close, end, shut, run, move等。
如：Work began at 8 o’ clock this morning. 工作在今天早上8点开始。
4.某些动词在以物为主语的句子中，其进行时也可以表示被动意义。
如：The dinner iscooking. 正在烧饭。
5.“介词in, on, under等+名词”构成介词短语表被动意义，名词前一般不用冠词。
如：undercontrol, under repair, under discussion, for sale, in print等。
如：The bike is under repair. 自行车在修理中。
6.有些形容词后的动词不定式由被动的含义。
这些形容词构成的句型为：主语+be+形容词(easy/ hard/ difficult/ heavy/ comfortable/ dangerous)+不定式。
不定式用主动形式表示被动的含义。
如：The work is hard to do. 这项工作很难做。
7.在too….to…和enough to do结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动的意义。
如：The storywas not interesting enough to publish. 这个故事趣味性不够，不能发表。
8.在“主语+have+名词+to do”句型中的不定式一般用主动形式（该动作由主语发出）；如果不是主语发出，不定式则用被动形式。
如：Do you have much work to do today? 你今天有很多工作要做吗？9.worth及表示“需要”意义的need, want, require之后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
如：The newspaper is worth reading. 这份报纸值得读。
【疑难点三：被动语态与系表结构的区别】被动语态表示动作，主语是动作的承受着；而系表结构则表示主语的特征或所处的状态。
1.大多数用by短语的句子是被动语态；若用其他固定搭配的介词，往往是系表结构。
如：I was frightened by his ghost story. 我被她的鬼故事吓着了。
（被动语态）I was frightened of snakes. 我怕蛇。
（系表结构）2. “be+过去分词”用一般现在时，若句中有时间状语，说明动作的反复性或习惯性，是被动语态；若无这类状语，则是系表结构。
如：The bank is usually closed at six. 银行通常在6点关门。
