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引导词that & what
That is what he wants to buy. That we shall be late is certain. He said (that) he didn’t like her.
Homework:
Translation
1.抽烟对身体有害。 2. 夏天在河里游泳是一大乐事. 3.他的工作是教书. 4.这本书我们可以借两周. 5. 他决定不参加晚会. 6.在我的生日那天,他送我一件很漂亮的礼物. 7. 他 父亲给他取名叫东东. 8. 当他醒来,他发现自己在医院里. 9. 他喜欢看孩子们踢足球.
Ⅱ.并列句
This is me and these are my friends.
They must stay in water, or they will die. It’s not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so I went to bed.
常用的关联词有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等
2) 地点状语从句 Put it where you found it. Sit down wherever you like.
常用的关联词有：where, wherever, anywhere
3) 原因状语从句 As I didn’t know the way, I asked a policeman
常用的关联词有：because, as, since
4) 结果状语从句
I was in the bath so that I didn’t hear the telephone.
常用的关联词有：so, so that, such that, that
3) 宾语从句 * I understand that he is .
* He said that he didn’t like her.
* I don’t know if you can help me.
4) 同位语从句
* Where did you get the idea
that I couldn’t come?
宾·
Attri.---attribute 定·
Adv.--- adverb
状·
Oc --- object complement 补
1) 主语（subject） 句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由 名词,主格代词 。 ,动词不定式 ，动名词 担任，常置于句首。 I like football.
The boy needs a pen.
* The question who should do the work
requires consideration. * Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new coat.
注意！
* * * *
that与what都可以引导名词性从句。 what在从句中充当句子成份（主,宾,表）。 That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。 that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）.
5) 目的状语从句 I’ll show you so you will see how it’s done.
常用的关联词有：so, so that, in order that
6) 条件状语从句
If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.
常用的关联词有：if, unless, in case that, on condition that…
Ⅲ.复合句
主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句
名词性从句
状语从句 定语从句
He said that he didn’t like her. A plane is a machine that can fly.
状语从句
分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、 目的、条件、让步、方式、程度 1) 时间状语从句 Wait until you are called. When spring came, leaves turn green.
除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，
1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2) 表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go,等 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
The(black) bike is mine.
说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。 I tell him something interesting . 说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。 The boys in the room are in Class Ten.
Ⅰ.简单句
1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We don’t beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano.
主 + 谓 + 宾 主 + 系 + 表 主 + 谓
5. I found the book‹easy. ›
复合句
• • • • • 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句 构成，主句为主体，从句不能独立， 只作句子的一个成分。 结构：主句+连词+从句 或 连词+从句+主句 eg：He went to bed after he finished his homework. After he finished his homework,he went to bed.
Grammar
sentences
句子成份
★ 句子一般由两个部分组成：
主语部分（ subject group） 谓语部分（ predicate group）
★ 句子成份： 主· 谓· 宾· 表 定· 状· 补
Members of sentence:
S --- subject 主·
P --- predicative 表 O --- object
I am very sorry. We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher .
（从句作时间状语)
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. I shall answer your question after class. 2. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 3. His job is to train swimmers. 4. He took many photos of some buildings 5. His wish is to become a scientist. 6. He managed to finish the work in time.
常用的关联词有：as, as if, as though, how
9) 程度状语从句 So long as you need me, I’ll stay.
常用的关联词有：so, so that, as far as, so long as
名词性从句
1) 主语从句
* What he said is not known. * That we shall be late is certain. * It is certain that we shall be late. * How strange it is that the children are
2) 谓语（predicate） 说明主语的动作或状态由 动词 担任。常置于主语后。 The train leaves at 6 o’clock. I want a ticket.
3) 宾语（object） 表示动词的动作对象或介词所联系的对象。 由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。 He won the game. On the desk Tome lost his life in the big fire. 4) 表语（predicative） 用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。 由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。 He is a student.
• 2. 表选择 or/either…or • Hurry up, or you will miss the bus./ Either you are wrong, or I am. • 3. 表转折 but /while(但)/however… • One can’t see air, however, it does exist. • 4. 表因果 so/for • I have to stay at home, for it is raining heavily outside.
7) 状语（adverbial）
用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构 之后，强调时放在句首； 修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； 表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句 首， 一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副 词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
5) 宾补（objective complement） 补充说明宾语的情况 。 由n. /adj. /介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。 They made him‹king.› I consider the book ‹ too expensive. 6) 定语（attributive） › 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子， 汉语中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。
