2017考研英语阅读真题逐句拆分解析(174)

2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be aresounding"yes!"_____（1）helping you feel close and_____（2）to people you careabout,it turns out that hugs can bring a_____（3）of health benefits to your body andmind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you_____（4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study_____（5）over 400 healthy adults,researchers from CarnegieMellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social supportand the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing thecommon cold after being_____（7）to the virus.People who perceived greater socialsupport were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold,and the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____（10）about 32 percent of thatbeneficial effect._____（11）among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greatersocial support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_____（13）risk for coldsthat's usually_____（14）with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychologyat Carnegie,Hugging"is a marker of intimacy and help_____（15）the feeling thatothers are there to help_____（16）difficulty."Some experts_____（17）the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging tothe release of oxytocin,often called"the bonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newbornbabies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of itis released into the bloodstream.But some of it_____（19）in the brain,where it_____（20）mood,behavior and physiology.1.A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite2.A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior3.A．view B．Host C．lesson D．choice4.A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep5.A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving6.A．on B．in C．at D．of7.A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed8.A．along B．across C．down D．out9.A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated10.A．served B．Restored C．explained D．required11.A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even12.A．defeats B．symptoms C．errors D．tests13.A．Highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized14.A．Presented B．equipped C．associated D．compared15.A．assess B．Generate C．moderate D．record16.A．in the name of B．in the form of C．in the face of D．in the way of17.A．attribute B．commit C．transfer D．return18.A．unless B．because C．though D．until19.A．remains B．emerges C．vanishes D．decreases20.A．experiences B．combines C．justifies D．influencesSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1First two hours,now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities arerecommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some majorU.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return forincreased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real —past airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoidchecked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is stickershock:Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck laneswhile most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.airports.[D]emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C]An increase in the number of travellers.[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word“expedited”(Liner 4,Para.5)is closet in meaning to[A]quieter.[B]cheaper.[C]wider.[D]faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is[A]a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B]its wrongly-directed implementation.[C]the government’s reluctance to back it.[D]an unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Less Screening for More Safety[B]PreCheck–a Belated Solution[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D]Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii's last reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed membersof Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands'inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes andtheir sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A]her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D]her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A]its geographical features.[B]its protective surroundings.[C]its religious implications.[D]its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C]their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians’hostility.30.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A]severe criticism.[B]passive acceptance.[C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.Text 3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures“everything exceptthat which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote forBrexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth intowell-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes–all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.Butpolicymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK lesson[B]GDP figures,a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit,the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruptionconviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on “specific”and“unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”and“nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging ameeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery.“The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,“assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts,to ensure equality of access to government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards,or different types of access for average people and the wealthy.If connections can be bought,a basic premise of democratic society–that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined.Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence(Para.1)most probably shows that the court[A]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]concrete returns for gift-givers.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]leaking secrets intentionally.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]guarantee fair play in official access.[C]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）[A]The first published sketch,"A Dinner at Polar Walk"brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches,which appeared under the pen name"Boz" in The Evening Chronicle,earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers,as it is generally known today,secured Dickens's fame.There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars,and the plump,spectacled hero,Samuel Pickwick,because a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared,a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments,as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour,who had originated the idea for the story.With characteristic confidence,Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead.After the first installment,Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt,was not faithful enough to his prose.Seymour made the change,went into his backyard,and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide.Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.The comic novel,The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club,appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and,to many people,the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.A moralist,satirist,and social reformer,Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison,Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices.He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament.At the same time,Dickens,who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him,especially anything comic or odd,submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth,on England's southern coast.His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office--a respectable position,but with little social status.His paternal grandparents,a steward and a housekeeper,possessed even less status,having been servants,and Dickens later concealed their background.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family.Yet two years before Dicken's birth,his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe,never to return.The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse,a shoe-polish factory,where the other working boys mocked him as"the young gentleman."His father was then imprisoned for debt.The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife,although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick,Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.In Oliver Twist,he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums ofLondon.Nicholas Nickleby,his next novel,combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick.The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for severaldecades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequentlyface new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol. (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.SectionⅣWriting51 directionsYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city.Please give reasons foryour recommendation.You should write neatly on the answer sheet.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address。

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Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker，while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom，we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske，In fact women say they feel better a t wor k. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without，but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home，whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men，the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home， they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women，it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty muchknow what they're supposed to be doing：working，making money，doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure：Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done，there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers，threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus， they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite， the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home ______.[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the factthat ______.[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means ______.[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that ______.[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded【参考答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B【主要内容】本文主要讲述工作环境压力问题。

WORD格式可编辑2016考研英语二真题及详细解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more cre ative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that hap piness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems pl ausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D]reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

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Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines. Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating. Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious. Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways. The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to [A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide. [B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports. [C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. [D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection. 【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. 22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport? [A] New restrictions on carry-on bags. [B] The declining efficiency of the TSA. [C] An increase in the number of travelers. [D] Frequent unexpected secret checks. 【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers. 23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to [A] faster. [B] quieter. [C] wider. [D] cheaper. 【答案】[A] faster. 24. One problem with the PreCheck program is [A] A dramatic reduction of its scale. [B] Its wrongly-directed implementation. [C] The government's reluctance to back it. [D] An unreasonable price for enrollment. 【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment. 25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Less Screening for More Safety [B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution [C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines [D] Underused PreCheck Lanes 【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution Text 2 "The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos. At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today. Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and tostudy the stars. 26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates [A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy. [B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. [C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times. [D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time. 【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. 27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to [A] its geographical features [B] its protective surroundings. [C] its religious implications. [D] its existing infrastructure. 【答案】[A] its geographical features 28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because [A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life. [B] it reminds them of a humiliating history. [C] their culture will lose a chance of revival. [D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea. 【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history. 29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy [A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians. [B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world. [C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture. [D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility. 【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture. 30.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of [A] severe criticism. [B] passive acceptance. [C] slight hesitancy. [D] full approval. 【答案】[D] full approval. Text 3 Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to. The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has beenthe envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing. While all o f t h e s e c o u n t r i e s f a c e t h e i r o w n c h a l l e n g e s , t h e r e a r e a n u m b e r o f c o n s i s t e n t t h e m e s . Y e s , t h e r e h a s b e e n a b u d d i n g e c o n o m i c r e c o v e r y s i n c e t h e 2 0 0 8 g l o b a l c r a s h , b u t i n k e y i n d i c a t o r s i n a r e a s s u c h a s h e a l t h a n d e d u c a t i o n , m a j o r e c o n o m i e s h a v e c o n t i n u e d t o d e c l i n e . Y e t t h i s i s n ' t t h e c a s e w i t h a l l c o u n t r i e s . S o m e r e l a t i v e l y p o o r E u r o p e a n c o u n t r i e s h a v e s e e n h u g e i m p r o v e m e n t s a c r o s s m e a s u r e s i n c l u d i n g c i v i l s o c i e t y , i n c o m e e q u a l i t y a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 3 " > 0 0 T h i s i s a l e s s o n t h a t r i c h c o u n t r i e s c a n l e a r n : W h e n G D P i s n o l o n g e r r e g a r d e d a s t h e s o l e m e a s u r e o f a c o u n t r y ' s s u c c e s s , t h e w o r l d l o o k s v e r y d i f f e r e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 4 " > 0 0 S o , w h a t K e n n e d y w a s r e f e r r i n g t o w a s t h a t w h i l e G D P h a s b e e n t h e m o s t c o m m o n m e t h o d f o r m e a s u r i n g t h e e c o n o m i c a c t i v i t y o f n a t i o n s , a s a m e a s u r e , i t i s n o l o n g e r e n o u g h . I t d o e s n o t i n c l u d e i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r s s u c h a s e n v i r o n m e n t a l q u a l i t y o r e d u c a t i o n o u t c o m e s - a l l t h i n g s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e t o a p e r s o n ' s s e n s e o f w e l l - b e i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 5 " > 0 0 T h e s h a r p h i t t o g r o w t h p r e d i c t e d a r o u n d t h e w o r l d a n d i n t h e U K c o u l d l e a d t o a d e c l i n e i n t h e e v e r y d a y s e r v i c e s w e d e p e n d o n f o r o u r w e l l - b e i n g a n d f o r g r o w t h . B u t p o l i c y m a k e r s w h o r e f o c u s e f f o r t s o n i m p r o v i n g w e l l - b e i n g r a t h e r t h a n s i m p l y w o r r y i n g a b o u t G D P f i g u r e s c o u l d a v o i d t h e f o r e c a s t e d d o o m a n d m a y e v e n s e e p r o g r e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 6 " > 0 0 3 1 . R o b e r t F . K e n n e d y i s c i t e d b e c a u s e h e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 7 " > 0 0 [ A ] p r a i s e d t h e U K f o r i t s G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 8 " > 0 0 [ B ] i d e n t i f i e d G D P w i t h h a p p i n e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 9 " > 0 0 [ C ] m i s i n t e r p r e t e d t h e r o l e o f G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 0 " > 0 0 [ D ] h a d a l o w o p i n i o n o f G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 1 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] h a d a l o w o p i n i o n o f G D P / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 2 " > 0 0 3 2 . I t c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m P a r a g r a p h 2 t h a t / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e U K i s r e l u c t a n t t o r e m o l d i t s e c o n o m i c p a t t e r n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] G D P a s t h e m e a s u r e o f s u c c e s s i s w i d e l y d e f i e d i n t h e U K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e U K w i l l c o n t r i b u t e l e s s t o t h e w o r l d e c o n o m y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] p o l i c y m a k e r s i n t h e U K a r e p a y i n g l e s s a t t e n t i o n t o G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 7 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] G D P a s t h e m e a s u r e o f s u c c e s s i s w i d e l y d e f i e d i n t h e U K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 8 " > 0 0 3 3 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r u e a b o u t t h e r e c e n t a n n u a l s t u d y / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 9 " > 0 0 [ A ] I t i s s p o n s o r e d b y 1 6 3 c o u n t r i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > 0 0 [ B ] I t e x c l u d e s G D P a s a n i n d i c a t o r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 1 " > 0 0 [ C ] I t s c r i t e r i a a r e q u e s t i o n a b l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 2 " > 0 0 [ D ] I t s r e s u l t s a r e e n l i g h t e n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] I t s r e s u l t s a r e e n l i g h t e n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > 0 0 3 4 . I n t h e l a s t t w o p a r a g r a p h s , t h e a u t h o r s u g g e s t s t h a t / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 5 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e U K i s p r e p a r i n g f o r a n e c o n o m i c b o o m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > 0 0 [ B ] h i g h G D P f o r e s h a d o w s a n e c o n o m i c d e c l i n e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 7 " > 0 0 [ C ] i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o c o n s i d e r f a c t o r s b e y o n d G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " > 0 0 [ D ] i t r e q u i r e s c a u t i o n t o h a n d l e e c o n o m i c i s s u e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 9 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o c o n s i d e r f a c t o r s b e y o n d G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 0 " > 0 0 3 5 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t h e b e s t t i t l e f o r t h e t e x t ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 1 " > 0 0 [ A ] H i g h G D P B u t I n a d e q u a t e W e l l - b e i n g , a U K L e s s o n / p > p b d s fi d = " 1 6 2 " > 0 0 [ B ] G D P F i g u r e s , a W i n d o w o n G l o b a l E c o n o m i c H e a l t h / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 00 [ C ] R e b o r t F . K e n n e d y , a T e r m i n a t o r o f G D P / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 4 " > 0 0 [ D ] B r e x i t , t h e U K ' s G a t e w a y t o W e l l - b e i n g / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] H i g h G D P B u t I n a d e q u a t e W e l l - b e i n g , a U K L e s s o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > 0 0 T e x t 4 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 7 " > 0 0 I n a r a r e u n a n i m o u s r u l i n g , t h e U S S u p r e m e C o u r t h a s o v e r t u r n e d t h e c o r r u p t i o n c o n v i c t i o n o f a f o r m e r V i r g i n i a g o v e r n o r , R o b e r t M c D o n n e l l . B u t i t d i d s o w h i l e h o l d i n g i t s n o s e a t t h e e t h i c s o f h i s c o n d u c t , w h i c h i n c l u d e d a c c e p t i n g g i f t s s u c h a s a R o l e x w a t c h a n d a F e r r a r i a u t o m o b i l e f r o m a c o m p a n y s e e k i n g a c c e s s t o g o v e r n m e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 8 " > 0 0 T h e h i g h c o u r t ' s d e c i s i o n s a i d t h e j u d g e i n M r . M c D o n n e l l ' s t r i a l f a i l e d t o t e l l a j u r y t h a t i t m u s t l o o k o n l y a t h i s " o f f i c i a l a c t s , " o r t h e f o r m e r g o v e r n o r ' s d e c i s i o n s o n " s p e c i f i c " a n d " u n s e t t l e d " i s s u e s r e l a t e d t o h i s d u t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 M e r e l y h e l p i n g a g i f t - g i v e r g a i n a c c e s s t o o t h e r o f f i c i a l s , u n l e s s d o n e w i t h c l e a r i n t e n t t o p r e s s u r e t h o s e o f f i c i a l s , i s n o t c o r r u p t i o n , t h e j u s t i c e s f o u n d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t d i d s u g g e s t t h a t a c c e p t i n g f a v o r s i n r e t u r n f o r o p e n i n g d o o r s i s " d i s t a s t e f u l " a n d " n a s t y . " B u t u n d e r a n t i - b r i b e r y l a w s , p r o o f m u s t b e m a d e o f c o n c r e t e b e n e f i t s , s u c h a s a p p r o v a l o f a c o n t r a c t o r r e g u l a t i o n . S i m p l y a r r a n g i n g a m e e t i n g , m a k i n g a p h o n e c a l l , o r h o s t i n g a n e v e n t i s n o t a n " o f f i c i a l a c t " . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s l e g a l l y s o u n d i n d e f i n i n g a k i n d o f f a v o r i t i s m t h a t i s n o t c r i m i n a l . E l e c t e d l e a d e rs m u s t b e a l l o w e d t o h e l p s u p p o r t e r s d e a l w i t h b u r e a u c r a t i c p r o b l e m s w i t h o u t f e a r o f p r o s e c u t i o n f o r b r i b e r y . " T h e b a s i c c o m p a c t u n d e r l y i n g r e p r e s e n t a t i v e g o v e r n m e n t , " w r o t e C h i e f J u s t i c e J o h n R o b e r t s f o r t h e c o u r t , " a s s u m e s t h a t p u b l i c o f f i c i a l s w i l l h e a r f r o m t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s a n d a c t o n t h e i r c o n c e r n s . " / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 B u t t h e r u l i n g r e i n f o r c e s t h e n e e d f o r c i t i z e n s a n d t h e i r e l e c t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , n o t t h e c o u r t s , t o e n s u r e e q u a l i t y o f a c c e s s t o g o v e r n m e n t . O f f i c i a l s m u s t n o t b e a l l o w e d t o p l a y f a v o r i t e s i n p r o v i d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n o r i n a r r a n g i n g m e e t i n g s s i m p l y b e c a u s e a n i n d i v i d u a l o r g r o u p p r o v i d e s a c a m p a i g n d o n a t i o n o r a p e r s o n a l g i f t . T h i s t y p e o f i n t e g r i t y r e q u i r e s w e l l - e n f o r c e d l a w s i n g o v e r n m e n t t r a n s p a r e n c y , s u c h a s r e c o r d s o f o f f i c i a l m e e t i n g s , r u l e s o n l o b b y i n g , a n d i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t e a c h e l e c t e d l e a d e r ' s s o u r c e o f w e a l t h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " > 0 0 F a v o r i t i s m i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s c a n f a n p u b l i c p e r c e p t i o n s o f c o r r u p t i o n . B u t i t i s n o t a l w a y s c o r r u p t i o n . R a t h e r o f f i c i a l s m u s t a v o i d d o u b l e s t a n d a r d s , o r d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f a c c e s s f o r a v e r a g e p e o p l e a n d t h e w e a l t h y . I f c o n n e c t i o n s c a n b e b o u g h t , a b a s i c p r e m i s e o f d e m o c r a t i c s o c i e t y - t h a t a l l a r e e q u a l i n t r e a t m e n t b y g o v e r n m e n t - i s u n d e r m i n e d . G o o d g o v e r n a n c e r e s t s o n a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e i n h e r e n t w o r t h o f e a c h i n d i v i d u a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 4 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s a s t e p f o r w a r d i n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t b o t h c o r r u p t i o n a n d o f f i c i a l f a v o r i t i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = "1 7 5 " > 0 0 3 6 . T h e u n d e r m i n e d s e n t e n c e ( P a r a . 1 ) m o s t p r o b a b l y s h o w s t h a t t h e c o u r t / p > p bd s f i d = " 1 7 6 " > 0 0 [ A ] a v o i de d d ef i n i ng th e e x t e n t o f M c D o n n e l l ' s d u ti e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 7 " > 0 0 [ B ] m a d e n o c o m p r o m i s e i n c o n v i c t i n g M c D o n n e l l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > 0 0 [ C ] w a s c o n t e m p t u o u s o f M c D o n n e l l ' s c o n d u c t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > 0 0 [ D ] r e f u s e d t o c o m m e n t o n M c D o n n e l l ' s e t h i c s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 0 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] w a s c o n t e m p t u o u s o f M c D o n n e l l ' s c o n d u c t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 1 " > 0 0 3 7 . A c c o r d i n g t o P a r a g r a p h 4 , a n o f f i c i a l a c t i s d e e m e d c o r r u p t i v e o n l y i f i t i n v o l v e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > 0 0 [ A ] l e a k i n g s e c r e t s i n t e n t i o n a l l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 3 " > 0 0 [ B ] s i z a b l e g a i n s i n t h e f o r m o f g i f t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > 0 0 [ C ] c o n c r e t e r e t u r n s f o r g i f t - g i v e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 0 0 [ D ] b r e a k i n g c o n t r a c t s o f f i c i a l l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 6 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] c o n c r e t e r e t u r n s f o r g i f t - g i v e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 7 " > 0 0 3 8 . T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s b a s e d o n t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t p u b l i c o f f i c i a l s a r e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 8 " > 0 0 [ A ]j u s t i f i e d i n a d d r e s s i n g t h e n e e d s o f t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] q u a l i f i e d t o d e a l i n d e p e n d e n t l y w i t h b u r e a u c r a t i c i s s u e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] a l l o w e d t o f o c u s o n t h e c o n c e r n s o f t h e i r s u p p o r t e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] e x e m p t f r o m c o n v i c t i o n o n t h e c h a r g e o f f a v o r i t i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 2 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] j u s t i f i e d i n a d d r e s s i n g t h e n e e d s o f t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 3 " > 0 0 3 9 . W e l l - e n f o r c e d l a w s i n g o v e r n m e n t t r a n s p a re n c y a r e n e e d e d t o / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 9 4 " > 0 0 [ A ] a w a k e n t h e c o n s c i e n c e o f o f f i c i a l s . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 9 5 " > 0 0 [ B ]g u a r a n t e e f a i r p l a y i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 6 " > 0 0 [ C ] a l l o w f o r c e r t a i n k i n d s o f l o b b y i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 7 " > 0 0 [ D ] i n s p i r eh o p e si n a v e r a g e p e o p l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] g u a r a n t e e f a i r p l a y i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 9 " > 0 0 4 0 . T h e a u t h o r ' s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d t h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > 0 0 [ A ] s a r c a s t i c . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > 0 0 [ B ] t o l e r a n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 0 0 [ C ] s k e p t i c a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > 0 0 [ D ] s u p p o r t i v e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] s u p p o r t i v e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 0 0 P a r t B / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > 0 0 D i r e c t i o n s : / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > 0 0 T h e f o l l o w i n g p a r a g r a p h s a r e g i v e n i n a w r o n g o r d e r . F o r Q u e s t i o n s 4 1 - 4 5 , y o u a r e r e q u i r e d t o r e o r g a n i z e t h e s e p a r a g r a p h s i n t o a c o h e r e n t a r t i c l e b y c h o o s i n g f r o m t h e l i s t A - G t o f i l l i n g t h e m i n t o t h e n u m b e r e d b o x . P a r a g r a p h s B a n d D h a v e b e e n c o r r e c t l y p l a c e d . M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o n A N S W E R S H E E T . ( 1 0 p o i n t s ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] T h e f i r s t p u b l i s h e d s k e t c h , " A D i n n e r a t P o p l a r W a l k " b r o u g h t t e a r s t o D i c k e n s ' s e y e s w h e n h e d i s c o v e r e d i t i n t h e p a g e s o f T h e M o n t h l y M a g a z i n e . F r o m t h e n o n h i s s k e t c h e s , w h i c h a p p e a r e d u n d e r t h e p e n n a m e " B o z " i n T h e E v e n i n g C h r o n i c l e , e a r n e d h i m a m o d e s t r e p u t a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] T h e r u n a w a y s u c c e s s o f T h e P i c k w i c k P a p e r s , a s i t i s g e n e r a l l y k n o w n t o d a y , s e c u r e d D i c k e n s ' s f a m e . T h e r e w e r e P i c k w i c k c o a t s a n d P i c k w i c k c i g a r s , a n d t h e p l u m p , s p e c t a c l e d h e r o , S a m u e l P i c k w i c k , b e c a m e a n a t i o n a l f i g u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] S o o n a f t e r S k e t c h e s b y B o z a p p e a r e d , a p u b l i s h i n g f i r m a p p r o a c h e d D i c k e n s t o w r i t e a s t o r y i n m o n t h l y i n s t a l l m e n t s , a s a b a c k d r o p f o r a s e r i e s o f w o o d c u t s b y t h e t e n - f a m o u s a r t i s t R o b e r t S e y m o u r , w h o h a d o r i g i n a t e d t h e i d e a f o r t h e s t o r y . W i t h c h a r a c t e r i s t i c c o n f i d e n c e , D i c k e n s s u c c e s s f u l l y i n s i s t ed t h a t Se y m o u r ' s p i c t u r e s i l l u s t r a t e h i s o w n s t o r y i n s t e a d . Af t e r t h e f i r s t i n s t a l l m e n t , D i c ke n s w r o t e t o t h e a r t i s t a n d a s k e d h i m t o c o r r e c t a d r a w i n g D i c k e n sf e l t w a s n o t f a i t h f u l e n o ugh t o hi s p r o s e . S e y m o u r m a d e t h e c h a n g e , w e n t i n t o h i s b a c k y a r d , a n d e x p r e s s e d h i s d i s p l e a s u r e b y c o m m i t t i n g s u i c i d e . D i c k e n s a n d h i s p u b l i s h e r s s i m p l y p r e s s e d o n w i t h a n e w a r t i s t . T h e c o m i c n o v e l , T h e P o s t h u m o u s P a p e r s o f t h e P i c k w i c k C l u b , a p p e a r e d s e r i a l l y i n 1 8 3 6 a n d 1 8 3 7 , a n d w a s f i r s t p u b l i s h e d i n b o o k f o r m i n 1 8 3 7 . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] C h a r l e s D i c k e n s i s p r o b a b l y t h e b e s t - k n o w n a n d , t o m a n y p e o p l e , t h e g r e a t e s t E n g l i s h n o v e l i s t o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y . A m o r a l i s t , s a t i r i s t , a n d s o c i a l r e f o r m e r . D i c k e n s c r a f t e d c o m p l e x p l o t s a n d s t r i k i n g c h a r a c t e r s t h a t c a p t u r e t h e p a n o r a m a o f E n g l i s h s o c i e t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 2。

2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析2017年考研英语考试已经结束!店铺考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析大家也做了题，也发现今年题目并没有传说中那么难，四篇阅读理解前面三篇中等，不是很难。

第四篇和法律有关的文章大家觉得有点难度。

我今年也去考试了，这就是我的证据。

但是我的反面抄了一些答案，当然有些监考不让抄答案，我很潦草地抄了一些，想看它的难度和我们平常所学的能否挂钩。

前三篇不难，第四篇难度和法律相关，有点像2013年的地四篇文章。

其实这篇文章我刚才查了一下原版出处是CNN里的，推翻了弗吉尼亚前州长贪污罪，他是无辜的。

都是英国美国文章居多。

美国有三篇文章。

第一篇是美国机场安检特别浪费时间。

今年特点是有七八个自然段，不是往年一样四五个自然段。

第一道题，这是一个力争题，往年考题也这么说，通过所谓关键词定位方法无效，一定要把握主要内容是讲什么。

这是讲我们目前为什么有必要进行严格的安全检查。

因为埃及航空公司受到了恐怖袭击，在地中海上空受到恐怖主义袭击。

所以现在要严格安检。

这道词选解释作用。

第二题是上面哪个能够解释为什么美国机场排队队伍很长很长。

这道题文章里给了好几个解释。

第一个原因是因为我们现在经济比较好，机票比较便宜，所以很多人愿意排队。

大家都愿意坐飞机，不愿意开车、不愿意坐火车。

导致排队队伍很长。

第二个原因是有些人要打包，第三段里说的，包裹需要检查，有些人打了好多包，为了逃避托运费。

导致排队比较长。

还有一个这里所说的安检效率降低。

但是我们按照前面的最重要的原因，还是因为美国政府没有注意到现在出行坐飞机的人增多了，导致速度减慢。

这是我们飞机出行人员增加。

23题是猜词题，我们不管上基础课、强化课还是单向课，有我的模糊阅读班，猜词题不能相信所谓构词法，按照EX这个单词是出去的意思。

这里EX给人错觉是出去的意思，但是根据上下文是希望安检越快越好。

‎‎‎‎2017年‎考研英语(‎一)阅读真‎题及答案详‎解考研英‎语真题考‎研数学真题‎政治真‎题专业‎课真题英‎语一真题‎英语二真题‎数学一真‎题数学二‎真题数学‎三真题数‎农真题考‎研英语答案‎考研数学‎答案政‎治答案‎专业课答案‎英语一答‎案英语二‎答案数学‎一答案数‎学二答案‎数学三答案‎数农答案‎201‎7年考研英‎语考试已经‎结束!出国‎留学考研网‎在考后第一‎时间为大家‎提供201‎7年考研英‎语(‎一)阅读真‎题及答案详‎解，更多考‎研资讯请关‎注我们网站‎的更新! ‎2017年‎考研英语‎ (一)‎阅读真题及‎答案详解‎各位同学大‎家晚上好!‎我们现在给‎大家做的是‎2017年‎考研英语1‎阅读理解板‎块的解析。

‎我目前手头‎只有英语1‎的题目，英‎语2赶紧回‎去复习，我‎目前没有相‎关材料。

关‎于英语1的‎同学我们直‎接给大家报‎答案。

‎我直‎接报答案。

‎看一下第一‎篇文章，当‎我拿到这个‎文章，今天‎考完结束很‎多同学给我‎发信息过来‎，今天一考‎完很多同学‎发来消息，‎说今年我们‎考试难度怎‎么样，还有‎一个大概评‎价，一直以‎来我们强调‎的考研这种‎国家级考试‎，都是以稳‎定压倒一切‎。

‎今年一共‎四篇文章难‎度这样的，‎两篇稍微简‎单一点，两‎篇有一定难‎度，但是再‎难，对于我‎们来讲都是‎利好消息，‎难的文章我‎们掌握了做‎题方法，尤‎其我们今天‎考试当中，‎这个方法不‎例外。

‎先看‎第一篇文章‎比较简单，‎谈了关于我‎们登机以前‎要做安检，‎安检流程变‎得更长一些‎。

第一题目‎简单，第二‎文章很容易‎读懂，文章‎一开头直接‎给我们一个‎中心思想。

‎‎为什么很明‎确，不知道‎大家记不记‎得有没有用‎到我们的，‎包括课堂当‎中讲到的最‎后三小时谈‎到中心思想‎把握方法。

‎‎文章开头是‎唯一一句话‎，大家有没‎有意识到这‎个问题，目‎前过安检，‎以前需要两‎个小时，现‎在需要三个‎小时了。

2017年考研英語一真題原文及答案解析完整版SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be aresounding"yes!"_____（1）helping you feel close and_____（2）to people you careabout,it turns out that hugs can bring a_____（3）of health benefits to your body andmind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you_____（4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study_____（5）over 400 healthy adults,researchers from CarnegieMellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social supportand the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing thecommon cold after being_____（7）to the virus.People who perceived greater socialsupport were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold,and the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____（10）about 32 percent of thatbeneficial effect._____（11）among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greatersocial support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_____（13）risk for coldsthat's usually_____（14）with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychologyat Carnegie,Hugging"is a marker of intimacy and help_____（15）the feeling thatothers are there to help_____（16）difficulty."Some experts_____（17）the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging tothe release of oxytocin,often called"the bonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newbornbabies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of itis released into the bloodstream.But some of it_____（19）in the brain,where it_____（20）mood,behavior and physiology.1.A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite2.A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior3.A．view B．Host C．lesson D．choice4.A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep5.A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving6.A．on B．in C．at D．of7.A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed8.A．along B．across C．down D．out9.A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated10.A．served B．Restored C．explained D．required11.A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even12.A．defeats B．symptoms C．errors D．tests13.A．Highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized14.A．Presented B．equipped C．associated D．compared15.A．assess B．Generate C．moderate D．record16.A．in the name of B．in the form of C．in the face of D．in the way of17.A．attribute B．commit C．transfer D．return18.A．unless B．because C．though D．until19.A．remains B．emerges C．vanishes D．decreases20.A．experiences B．combines C．justifies D．influencesSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1First two hours,now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities arerecommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some majorU.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return forincreased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real —past airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoidchecked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is stickershock:Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck laneswhile most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.airports.[D]emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C]An increase in the number of travellers.[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word“expedited”(Liner 4,Para.5)is closet in meaning to[A]quieter.[B]cheaper.[C]wider.[D]faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is[A]a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B]its wrongly-directed implementation.[C]the government’s reluctance to back it.[D]an unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Less Screening for More Safety[B]PreCheck–a Belated Solution[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D]Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii's last reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed membersof Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands'inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes andtheir sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A]her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D]her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A]its geographical features.[B]its protective surroundings.[C]its religious implications.[D]its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C]their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians’hostility.30.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A]severe criticism.[B]passive acceptance.[C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.Text 3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures“everything exceptthat which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote forBrexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth intowell-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes–all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.Butpolicymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK lesson[B]GDP figures,a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit,the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruptionconviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on “specific”and“unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”and“nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging ameeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery.“The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,“assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts,to ensure equality of access to government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards,or different types of access for average people and the wealthy.If connections can be bought,a basic premise of democratic society–that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined.Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence(Para.1)most probably shows that the court[A]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]concrete returns for gift-givers.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]leaking secrets intentionally.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]guarantee fair play in official access.[C]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）[A]The first published sketch,"A Dinner at Polar Walk"brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches,which appeared under the pen name"Boz" in The Evening Chronicle,earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers,as it is generally known today,secured Dickens's fame.There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars,and the plump,spectacled hero,Samuel Pickwick,because a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared,a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments,as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour,who had originated the idea for the story.With characteristic confidence,Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead.After the first installment,Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt,was not faithful enough to his prose.Seymour made the change,went into his backyard,and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide.Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.The comic novel,The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club,appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and,to many people,the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.A moralist,satirist,and social reformer,Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison,Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices.He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament.At the same time,Dickens,who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him,especially anything comic or odd,submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth,on England's southern coast.His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office--a respectable position,but with little social status.His paternal grandparents,a steward and a housekeeper,possessed even less status,having been servants,and Dickens later concealed their background.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family.Yet two years before Dicken's birth,his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe,never to return.The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse,a shoe-polish factory,where the other working boys mocked him as"the young gentleman."His father was then imprisoned for debt.The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife,although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick,Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.In Oliver Twist,he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums ofLondon.Nicholas Nickleby,his next novel,combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick.The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for severaldecades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequentlyface new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol. (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.SectionⅣWriting51 directionsYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city.Please give reasons foryour recommendation.You should write neatly on the answer sheet.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address。

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语阅读真题逐句拆分解析（178）提升阅读和翻译能力要打好基础，要做到这一点，一定要学会精读，以历年真题为依 托，仔细研究每个句子，日积月累，坚持百日，相信会有很大的提升。

下面凯程网考研频道带大家来逐句拆分解读历年阅读真题，从成分到词汇及这你翻译，帮助大家打 好基础，提升综合能力，大家抓紧学起来。

2017考研英语阅读真题逐句拆分解析（178）There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.译文：出生时男女比例大约是105:100，但到了成熟期，这一比例几乎持平，而在70岁的老人中女性是男性的两倍。

分析：该句是由三个递进关系的简单句组成的并列句，句法结构比较清晰。

【词汇指南】maturity [m ə't ʃʊər ət ɪ](n.)成熟;到期;完备(超纲词汇)(mature-成熟的，ity-名词后缀→成熟;到期;完备)1个派生词：●mature [m ə'tju ə](adj.)成熟的;成年人的(v.)(使)成熟(CET-4)(2012年-阅读2)(ma=man-男人，ture=true-真正的 → 成为真正的男人——即“成熟的;成年人的”，引申为“(使)成熟”。

)考点搭配：mature discovery 成熟的发现(2012年-阅读3)twice[twais] (adv.)两次;两倍(中考词汇)(twic-由“two-二”和“plic-词根,折叠”组合而来 → 折叠成两层——引申为“两次;两倍”。

)1个形近词：●twist [twist](v./n.)捻,搓,绞;缠绕,编织(CET-4)(twi=two-二、两，st=stripe-线条 → 把两股线条弄到一起——即“捻,搓,绞”，引申为“缠绕;编织”。

2017考研真题英语2017考研真题英语分为两部分，阅读理解和完形填空。

本文将按照这两个部分的顺序进行解析和讨论，以帮助考生更好地应对考试。

一、阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语中的重点和难点，要求考生在有限的时间内阅读文章，理解文章主旨和细节，并回答相关问题。

以下是2017年考研英语真题阅读理解部分的题目解析。

文章1：Population Aging and Implications for the Labor Market本文主要讨论人口老龄化对劳动力市场的影响。

首先，人口老龄化导致了劳动力市场的人口结构变化，劳动力资源供给减少。

其次，劳动力的平均年龄增加，可能导致劳动生产力下降和劳动力竞争加剧。

最后，人口老龄化可能改变劳动力的需求结构，增加对高技能和高素质劳动力的需求。

问题1：What is the main topic of this passage?答案：The main topic of this passage is the implications of population aging for the labor market.问题2：How does population aging affect the labor market?答案：Population aging affects the labor market in several ways. Firstly, it leads to changes in the population structure of the labor market, resulting in a decrease in the supply of labor resources. Secondly, the average age of the labor force increases, which may lead to a decline in labor productivityand increased competition for jobs. Lastly, population aging may change the demand structure of the labor force, increasing the demand for high-skilled and high-qualified labor.文章2：The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity本文主要探讨气候变化对生物多样性的影响。