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高考英语语法——非谓语动词

高考英语语法之非谓语动词

一. 基础知识

1.定义

非谓语动词就是在句子中不能单独作谓语（即做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语）的动词，这样的动词没有人称和数的变化。

2.性质

1）它可以有自己的宾语和状语。

He found it difficult to learn maths.

I remembered being taken to New York when I was young.

2）非谓语动词有时态和语态的变化。

Having suffered such heavy pollutionalready, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

Being painted now, the house can’t be livedin.

3.形式

1）基本形式

2）其他形式

Doing有一般式和完成式；一般式的主动语态为doing，被动语态为being done，完成式的主动语态为havingdone，被动语态为having been done

To do 有一般式，进行式和完成式；一般式的主动语态为to do，被动语态为to bedone，进行式只有主动语态，为to be doing，完成式的主动语态为tohave done，被动语态为to have been done

Done只有一般式的主动语态，为done

4.句法功能

Doing：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语

To do：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语

Done：表语，定语，状语，补语

二。非谓语动词的两种基本解题方法

1）固定搭配优先原则

若某一个词的固定用法限制了该非谓语动词的形式，则按固定用法解题

Eg：I want （buy）a book.

分析：因为该句没有关键词，所以为简单句，只有一个谓语动词，此处已有want，故buy

应为非谓语，而此处有句型want to do sth，所以应填to buy。

2）找名词，判断关系

Doing 表示主动，进行

To do 表示主动，将要

Done 表示被动，完成

解题方法为，先往前看，找一个名词，然后判断该名词与该动词的关系，然后按这个关系解题。

此处，命题方式主要有5种：

1………………………这种形式的考题，名词一般就在其前面

2. ……，...……………..这种形式的考题，名词为逗号后的句子的主语

3..................，......... 这种形式的考题，名词为逗号前的句子的主语

4. ，..............这种属于结合句子种类的考察，先做句子种类，再做非谓语

5................，这种属于结合句子种类的考察，先做句子种类，再做非谓语

三，注意事项

1.非谓语的否定

非谓语的否定形式的构成为：“not+非谓语”

2，非谓语的被动

在非谓语中，除了done本身可表被动，其余的形式都要借助be done才能构成被动

3.非谓语的完成式

若要用非谓语的完成式，则非谓语表示的动作必须在谓语动词动作之前

4，to do 表目的，表结果

若表示目的或者出乎意料的结果，则用to do

6.to do 与doing的选择

To do 表示动作还没有发生，doing表示动作已经发生

四. 常见的固定搭配

1.感官动词后的非谓语的情况

感官动词see，watch，observe，look at，listen to，notice等词后的非谓语的情况，以see 为例：

See+宾语+do 看见宾语做.........了。侧重结果

See+宾语+doing 看见宾语正在做.......，侧重动作

See+宾语+done看见宾语被做，指被动，且完成

Eg：I saw him dance.

我看见他跳舞了

I saw him dancingwhen I passed by his room yesterday.

昨天我经过他房间的时候看见他正在跳舞

I saw him beaten。

我看见他被打了

2.使役动词let后的非谓语的情况

Let+宾语+do 让宾语做某事

Let+宾语+be done 让宾语被做

Eg：Don’t let your children play with matches。

别让你的孩子玩火柴

Let the work bedone immediately。

工作要马上去做

3.have后的非谓语的情况

Have+宾语+do\doing\done

4.get后的非谓语的情况

Get+宾语+to do\doing\done

4，其后只跟to do的动词

1）“v + to do”

在下列及物动词后，常跟不定式作宾语：want, need, hope, wish, expect, manage, know, begin, start, intend,plan, decide, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn ,fail, promise, desire,seek, attempt, ask等。

2）“v + 宾语+to do”

适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，re-quest，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。

5，其后只跟doing的动词

1）vt + doing

admit, permit, finish, complete, avoid,mind, enjoy, delay/put off/postpone, practise, stand/ bear/tolerate/put upwith/endure, consider, escape, miss, risk, dislike, imagine, want/need/require(跟动名词主动形式，表被动意义), appreciate(感激)，understand, keep, resist, allow, deny, forbid, fancy,suggest/advise/recommend, excuse

2）prep +doing

A。feellike, insist on, apologize for , give up，forgive sb. For，be fond of，

be good at, be afraid of, be tired of, be busy, succeed in,

prevent/stop/keep sb. from, spendtime (in), have difficulty/trouble in,

It’s no use/good, beproud of, instead of, keep on

B。lookforward to, get down to，devote oneself to, prefer…to…,object to (反对), apologize to sb，be usedto,

6，可以跟to do，也可以跟doing的动词，并区别

1）forget to do 忘记要去某事

forget doing 忘记做过某事

remember to do 记得要去做某事

remember doing 记得做过某事

regret to do遗憾的要去做某事

regret doing 后悔做过某事

2）go on to do 继续做另外一件事

Go on doing 继续做之前的事

Stop to do 停下来去做另外一件事

Stop doing 停下正在做的事

3）try to do 努力做某事

Try doing 尝试着做某事

Mean to do 打算做某事

Mean doing 意味着做某事

4）can’t help to do不能帮助做某事

Can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事

7.本身后面跟doing但是若跟sb做宾语，跟to do

Allow\permit\forbid\advise+doing sb to do

五.非谓语的语态

1）主动表被动

1.need\want\require+doing

2.be worth doing

3.be to blame

4. 当不定式做定语，且不定式与所修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且不定式与句子的另外一名词，通常是句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，此时，用不定式的主动表被动

5.在主系表+不定式的结构中，当表语是形容词，通常为safe, dangerous, comfortable, easy, hard,difficult, strange, natural, Impossible

且不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，此时用不定式的主动形式表被动含义

2）被动表主动

在带be的结构中，经常用省去be的形式做非谓语

3），讲解to do形式主动表被动的情况

A.当不定式做定语，且不定式与所修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且不定式与句子的另外一名词，通常是句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，此时，用不定式的主动表被动

B，在主系表+不定式的结构中，当表语是形容词，且不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，此时用不定式的主动表被动

C，It is +a\an + adj +n +to do D,主语+be +too + adj +to do

E，主语+ be +adj +enough +to do

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